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Home , Adrammelech, Aroer, Bozrah, Brook of Egypt, Gad (prophet), Horonaim

PROPER NAMES IN THE BOOK OF

A. PERSONAL NAMES HILKIAH (Yahweh’s Portion): Father of Eliakim, who was Hezekiah’s palace (Father of a Multitude): Father of administrator. (3 t.). the Israelite nation who is not able to help them (God With Us): The name given in their present plight. (29:27; 41:8; 51:2; 63:16). to the virgin-born king who owned the land of ADRAMMELECH: One of two brothers who (7:14; 8:8). assassinated their father in the ISAIAH (Yahweh Saves): Isaiah served Yahweh temple of in Nineveh (37:38). from the time of his call in the year King AHAZ (He has Grasped): Evil King of Judah died (ca. 740 BC) through the reigns of Jotham, who refused a command from Isaiah to ask for a Ahaz, Hezekiah probably into the early years of sign during the invasion by /Ephraim (8 t.). Manasseh. His ministry revolves around three (Strong): Father of Isaiah. (7 t.). crises: the invasion by Syria/Ephraim (734 BC); ARAB: No Arab will pitch his tent in the invasion by the Assyrians (701 BC); and the (13:20). anticipated future exile to Babylon. (16 t.) ASAPH (He Collected): Father of Joah, (Heel Grabber): Son of ; ancestor Hezekiah’s recorder (36:3, 22). of the twelve tribes of Israel. Refers to the man BALADAN (God Gave a Father): Father of Jacob; but sometimes is used of the entire nation. Merodach-Baladan, king of Babylon (39:1). (39 t.). BEL: Short form of Bel-Marduk, the patron god JEBEREKIAH (Yahweh Blesses): Father of of Babylon. Isaiah describes a conqueror Zechariah who served as witness for Isaiah (8:2). carrying off the idol of Bel as a trophy of war JESSE (Manly): Father of King , from (46:1). Bethlehem, Judah. (11:1, 10). BRANCH: A symbolic name for Messiah. JOAH (Yah is Brother): Hezekiah’s recorder; Better translated Shoot (4:2; 11:1). one of three men sent out of to DAVID (Beloved): Founder of the dynasty that negotiate with Rabshakeh the Assyrian. (3 t.). ruled Judah throughout OT times. A sign was JOTHAM (Yahweh has Shown Himself to be given to the house of D (7:13); the ideal king Perfect): Co-regent with his father King Uzziah. came from the house of D (16:5); Yahweh aids When Uzziah died of leprosy J briefly succeeded Judah against the Assyrians for the sake of D him. His reign was marked by building projects, (37:35); Jerusalem is the city of D (22:9). (9 t.). material prosperity, and military successes. DEDANITES: A tribe from the Arabian Desert Isaiah had no direct interaction with J. (2 t.). who majored in caravan trading. Because of a MAHER-SHALAL-HASH-BAZ (Quick the forthcoming invasion, Isaiah warned them to Plunder, Swift to Spoil): Symbolic name of avoid the regular caravan stations and spend the Isaiah’s son that was written on a great signboard night in the wilderness (21:13). announcing the swift destruction of ELIAKIM (God will Raise Up): In fulfillment Syria/Ephraim. of a prophecy by Isaiah, E replaced Shebna as MERODACH-BALADAN: King of Babylon administrator of Hezekiah’s palace. (5 t.) who sent messengers to congratulate King ESARHADDON: King of (681-669 Hezekiah upon his recovery from a life- BC). Came to the throne after his father threatening disease (39:1). Sennacherib was assassinated by two other sons. NEBO (Height): Babylonian god of speech, He may be the cruel master and fierce king who writing, and water. Isaiah depicts N being carried conquers Egypt in 19:4. (37:38). away by Babylon’s conqueror as a trophy of war HEZEKIAH (Yahweh Strengthens): Son and (Isa. 46:1). successor of Ahaz as king of Judah (715-686 NISROCH: An Assyrian god worshiped by BC). Isaiah told H that he would die, but Yahweh Sennacherib (38:38). added fifteen years to his life. He was ruling PEKAH (Open-eyed): Reigned in Samaria 752- when Sennacherib nearly captured Jerusalem in 732 BC. With his ally Rezin from Damascus he 701 BC. He lived through a personal crisis of life- invaded Judah in 734 BC with the intention of threatening illness, but Yahweh added fifteen replacing King Ahaz on the throne. Isaiah said years to his life. The greatest king in the OT this invasion would not succeed in its objective from the standpoint of his faith. (31 t.) (7:1).

1 RABSHAKEH: Title in KJV of an Assyrian temple according to a Syrian pattern (2 Kgs officer dispatched by Sennacherib. Rendered by 16:10-16). NIV field commander. (6 t.). UZZIAH (Yahweh Strengthens): A king of RAHAB (Arrogant or Raging): In the pagan Judah who had a long and prosperous reign. He world R was primeval sea monster representing was smitten with leprosy when he tried to enter the forces of chaos that opposed God in creation. the temple to offer incense in the role of a priest. But Isaiah uses R as a symbol for the raging, In the year that he died (739 BC) Isaiah was arrogant Egypt (30:7; 51:9). called to be a . (3 t.) REMALIAH (Yahweh Adorned): Name of the ZECHARIAH (Yahweh Remembers): High father of King Pekah of Samaria (3 t.). official Isaiah used as witness (8:2). He may REZIN: King of Syria about 735 BC during the have been Hezekiah’s grandfather (2 Kgs 18:2). reigns of Pekah in Israel and Ahaz in Judah. In an effort to de-throne Ahaz, R joined Pekah of PLACES AND PEOPLES Samaria in an invasion of Judah. Isaiah announced that this invasion would come to ACHOR, VALLEY OF: A valley near Jericho nothing. (4 t.). that served as a boundary between Judah and ROOT OF JESSE: A title of Messiah indicating Benjamin. Isaiah pictured restored Israel his lowly origin and ancestry from David’s pasturing sheep in this valley (65:10). father Jesse (11:10). AIATH: A village two miles from Bethel. Isaiah SARGON: Assyrian king (722-705 BC) who noted the Assyrian army marching by Aiath (also finished the destruction of Samaria started by his spelled Ai) on his way to Jerusalem, but brother Shalmaneser; deported the citizens of promised God would stop their progress (Isa. Ephraim. During the days of Isaiah S sent his 10:28). agent Tartan to capture Philistine Ashdod (20:1). ANATHOTH: A city of the tribe of Benjamin, SENNACHERIB: Assyrian king (704-681 BC) three miles northeast of Jerusalem. Isaiah who invaded Judah in 701 BC. Sent his field expresses sympathy for A because it was in the commander to intimidate Hezekiah into total direct path of the Assyrians when they surrender. Yahweh smote his army; he lost approached Jerusalem (10:30). 185,000 men. S was slain by two sons while ARABAH: The wilderness of Judah worshipping in the temple of his god Nisroch in encompassing the eastern slopes of the Nineveh. (5 t.). mountains of Judah with little rain, deep SHAREZER: One of two brothers (the other canyons, and steep cliffs. Isaiah foresaw the lush being Adrammelech) who killed their father area of the Sharon Plain becoming like the A Sennacherib while he was worshiping in the (33:9). temple of his god (37:38). ARABIA: Peninsula lying between the SHEAR-JASHUB: The first son of Isaiah. His on the west and the Persian Gulf on the east name had symbolic meaning for Ahaz during the incorporating over 1,200,000 square miles of Syro-Ephraimic invasion. It means a remnant territory. Isaiah addressed an oracle to A in will return. which he specifically addressed the Dedanites SHEBNA (He Came Near): Initially was in (21:13). An Arabian will no longer pitch his tent charge of the palace of Hezekiah. Isaiah on the ruins of Babylon (13:20). predicted his expulsion from that office. Later in ARAM; ARAMEANS: Aram (Syria in KJV is the book he is said to be Hezekiah’s secretary mentioned 6 t.. A loose confederation of towns and Eliakim is said to be in charge of the palace. spread over what is now called Syria as well as (5 t.). in some parts of Babylon. Jacob and Abraham TABEEL (God is Good): The father of the man came from this people (Dt 26:5). Arameans from that Rezin and Pekah want to put on the throne the east joined from the west to of Judah in place of Ahaz. His son’s name is not devour Judah (9:12). given (7:6). ARARAT: Armenia in KJV. A mountainous TIRHAKAH: Egyptian pharaoh (689-664 BC) region in western Asia. The region where who supported Hezekiah's revolt against the Sennacherib's sons, Adrammelech and Sharezer, Assyrian king Sennacherib (37:9). fled for refuge after murdering their father (Fire of Yahweh): Served as a witness (38:37). for Isaiah (8:2). May have been the high priest in ARIEL (God’s Lion): Code name for Jerusalem. Jerusalem under King Ahaz who followed the Ariel apparently referred to the top of the altar on king's instructions in setting up an altar in the which the priests burned sacrifices. Jerusalem

2 under Assyrian attack was like the altar. It did from the brook of Egypt to the Euphrates. Isaiah not burn but caused everything around it to burn. speaks of the as the language The sins of Jerusalem had led to the devastation of (19:18). of the rest of Judah in 701 BC. (3 t.). CARCHEMISH: A city on the great bend of the ARNON: A river serving as the southern border Euphrates River. The Assyrian cited C as an of the east of the . Isaiah example of the unstoppable conquests of the pictured as scattered baby birds trying to Assyrians (10:9). cross the Arnon (16:2). CARMEL: The towering mountain near the AROER: City on north rim of Arnon Gorge east Mediterranean coast of Palestine between the of on southern boundary of territory Plain of Acco to the north and the Plain of Israel claimed east of the Jordan River. In the Sharon to the south. C, with its lush vegetation, coming judgment on Ephraim the cites (villages) withers in the face of the Assyrian advance of Aroer will be deserted and left as ruins where (33:9). In the messianic age the wilderness will flocks will graze (17:1). be given the splendor of C (35:2). ARPAD: A city-state in northern Syria closely CUSH: An area south of Egypt, traditionally identified with Hamath. The gods of Arpad had Ethiopia. In Isaiah’s day Egypt was ruled by a not saved it from Sennacherib. (3 t.). Cushite dynasty. Tirhakah was one of the last of ASHDOD: Northernmost of five principal cities the pharaohs from Cush. The remnant would be of the Philistines. Located in the coastal plain 2.5 gathered from C (11:11). Isaiah pronounced a miles east of the . One of woe on C and acted out judgment (20:3-5). Isaiah’s oracles is dated to the year this city was Merchandise of C will come over to Zion. (6 t.) captured by an agent of the Assyrian King CYPRUS (23:1): A large island off the western Sargon (20:1). coast of Palestine. News of Tyre’s fall is ASSYRIA; ASSYRIANS: The great imperial transmitted from Cyprus. Sidonians will not find power of the eighth century. The country A was refuge there (2 t.). located in the Tigris river valley of DAMASCUS: Capital of Syria. Rezin of Mesopotamia. Isaiah predicted that this power Damascus joined with Pekah of Israel, about 734 would attack Jerusalem, but be devastated in the BC in an effort to stop the Assyrians. They attempt (39 t.) marched on Jerusalem, trying to force Ahaz of BABYLONIA (1 t.); BABYLON (13 t.); Judah to join them in fighting Assyria. Isaiah BABYLONIANS (7 t.): Imperial power warned Ahaz not to participate with Syria and centered in southern Mesopotamia that succeed Israel (Isa. 7). He also said that Assyria would the Assyrians as masters of the world. Isaiah destroy Damascus (Isa. 8:4). (7 t.). foresaw the exile to Babylon, the destruction of DIBON: A city of the territory of Reuben that city by Cyrus, and the liberation of Jewish controlled by Moab in the days of Isaiah. In captives. pronouncing judgment on Moab, Isaiah BASHAN: A region of Palestine east of the Sea described the religious mourning at the worship of Galilee. Isaiah used the oaks of Bashan as place in Dibon (15:2). symbols of human pride. The effects of the DIMON: City in Moab on which Isaiah Assyrian invasion are compared to the withering announced judgment (15:9). of the leaves in Bashan. (2 t.). DUMAH: An Arabian oasis city that supported BEER ELIM (Well of Goats): An unknown Damascus and Babylon against Assyria. Isaiah location in Moab depicted as mourning over the pronounced an oracle against D. The place was destruction of the land (15:8). captured by Sennacherib in 689 BC (21:11). : A major city in . Isaiah EDOM: Empowered Israel in the messianic age announced a great judgment on Bozrah in which will lay hands on E. After Yahweh’s judgment God would sacrifice his enemies (34:6). God is sword has done its work in heaven, it will pictured as returning from Bozrah with garments descend on E. Isaiah depicts Yahweh coming stained crimson with the blood of defeated foes from E with his garments stained blood red. (5 t.) (63:1). EGLAIM: Place in Moab used by Isaiah to CALNO: A city of unknown location in Syria. describe far limits of Moab's distress. (15:8). The Assyrian boasted that Calno was as good as EGLATH SHELISHIYAH: Moabite fugitives Jerusalem and yet had been conquered by flee to this place. Presumably in Moab, but Tiglath-pileser (10:9). location is unknown. (15:5). CANAAN: The territory between the EGYPT: Major rival to Assyria and Babylon. Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River reaching Many Judeans looked to E for deliverance from

3 the Mesopotamian powers. Isaiah predicted the gods of G had not been able to save the city from destruction of Egypt, and the subsequent the Assyrians. (37:12). conversion of the land. In the messianic age a HAMATH: City-state located in the valley of highway would stretch from Egypt to Assyria. the Orontes River, roughly 120 miles north of (38 t.). Damascus. In 738 BC Tiglath-pileser took tribute ELAM: A region on the western edge of ancient from H. The city was devastated in 720 BC by Persia. God would recover his people from E Sargon. Refugees from Samaria may have been (11:11). Isaiah referred to Elam's military power. exiled to Hamath by the Assyrians, while He called upon Elam to attack Babylon. (3 t.) refugees from Hamath were brought to Samaria. ELEALEH: A Moabite town near that (4 t.) judgment will fall upon. (2 t.) HANES: Egyptian city near Tanis. Judah sent EPHRAIM: Alternative name for Israel, the ambassadors to seek military and economic help Northern Kingdom. Ephraim along with Syria (30:4). attacked Judah in 734 BC. Isaiah announced the HARAN: An important city of northern fall of Ephraim. He said that E would no longer Mesopotamia located on the Balik River that has be a people within sixty-five years. (11 t.). been captured by the Assyrians (37:12). EUPHRATES RIVER: Northern boundary of HENA: City on the middle course of the the . Yahweh will smite the Euphrates River. Sennacherib bragged about the Euphrates into seven streams to facilitate the capture of H to intimidate Hezekiah in 701 BC. liberation of his people. Yahweh will thresh from (37:13) the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates and gather up HESHBON: A Moabite city located on the his people. (2 t.). fertile plateau east of the Dead Sea and north of GALILEE: The light of the messianic age will the Arnon River. H cries out because of be seen first in the region of Galilee. (9:1). judgment. The fields of H wither. Isaiah weeps GALLIM (Piles): Village near Anathoth in over the fate of H. (3 t.). tribal territory of Benjamin. The daughter HORONAIM: Prominent town in southwestern (population) this town is urged to cry out as the Moab upon which Isaiah pronounced laments Assyrians approach (10:30). (15:5). GEBA: A town of Benjamin on the northern ISRAEL (God strives; God rules, God heals, or border of Judah. Isaiah described the march of an he strives against God): A name given to Jacob invading army coming through G on its way to by Yahweh. It later became the name of the Jerusalem (10:29). people who descended from Jacob, and in GEBIM: A site near Jerusalem. Location Isaiah’s day, to the Northern Kingdom in unknown. The Assyrians pass through G as they particular. (86 t.). come against Jerusalem (10:31). IVVAH: Also spelled Ava or Avva. A people in GENTILES: In NIV four t. as the translation of Syria. The Assyrians conquered them and settled the word elsewhere translated nations. All who them in Israel to replace the they took are not Israel are Gentiles. into Exile. Their gods did not help them against GIBEAH OF : A city in Benjamin on the the Assyrians. Sennacherib used them as an main northern approach to Jerusalem. Isaiah example to call Jerusalem to surrender. (37:13). depicts the Assyrians passing through G on their JAHAZ: The isolated Moabite city of Jahaz will way to Jerusalem (10:29). hear the mourning of Heshbon and Elealeh GIBEON, VALLEY OF: Israel fought against (15:4). the Canaanites in the valley of Gibeon and won a JAZER: Once a city in the tribal area of , J smashing victory (Josh 10:12). Isaiah uses this was apparently under Moabite control in Isaiah’s battle as an illustration of how Yahweh will day. In his oracle against Moab Isaiah intervene on behalf of his people. pronounced judgment on J (16:8). GOMORRAH: Along with Sodom, G was JERUSALEM: Capital of Judah. Isaiah destroyed by fire and brimstone in the days of depicted the last minute rescue of Jerusalem Abraham. Isaiah compared the citizens of from the Assyrians. Following the Exile, J would Jerusalem to sinful G. Babylon was to become be rebuilt. (48 t.) desolate like Sodom and G. (3 t.). JORDAN: The region along the Jordan River GOZAN: Syrian city-state to which the would be among the first to receive the light of Assyrians exiled many of the people from Israel. the messianic age. (9:1). Probably located in northwestern Mesopotamia on the southern bank of the River Habur. The

4 JUDAH: The kingdom that was the main focus about 25 miles south of Amman. Moab laments of the ministry of Isaiah. Isaiah predicted the the loss of M to an enemy (15:2). Assyrian invasion of Judah (29 t.). MEDES; MEDIA: The region south and KIR (1): Probably the same as Kir-Hareseth. An southwest of the Caspian Sea in the Zagros ancient capital of Moab located seventeen miles Mountains. Media was northeast of Elam and south of the Arnon River and eleven miles east east of Assyria. The Medes were an Aryan of the Dead Sea. (15:1). people. Isaiah calls upon the Medes to attack KIR (2): A Mesopotamian city east of the lower Babylon (13:17; 21:2) Tigris River on the main road from Elam (Persia) MEMPHIS: A former capital of Egypt located to Babylon. Contingents from K are among the just south of modern Cairo on the west bank of Assyrians army depicted attacking Jerusalem the River. Isaiah asserted that the leaders of (22:6). M had been deceived regarding their national KIR HARESETH: See Kir (1). Isaiah calls for policy (19:13). lamentation over the men of K, and Isaiah MICHMASH: City in Benjamin about seven personally joins in the lament (2 t.). miles northeast of Jerusalem, four and a half KEDAR: A nomadic tribe occupying the area miles northeast of Gibeah. It overlooked a pass south of Palestine and east of Egypt. K was going from the Jordan River to Ephraim. It lay famous for its warriors, particularly its archers on the standard invasion route from the north (21:17). Within a year all the glory of K shall fail (10:28). (21:16). Villages of K will sing about the coming MIDIAN: An area east of the Jordan River and deliverance of Zion (42:11). The flocks of K will south of Edom. Twice Isaiah alludes to the be used as sacrifices in messianic Zion (60:7). defeat of Midian in the days of (9:4; LACHISH: An important city in the Shephelah 10:26). He foresees the camels of Midian bearing (lowlands) southwest of Jerusalem. Sennacherib goods to come as an offering to messianic Zion dispatched an officer from L to Jerusalem with a (60:6). great army (36:2). When the commander MIGRON: A town north of Michmash on the returned to Sennacherib at L he discovered that northern approach route to Jerusalem (10:28). the king had moved his siege operations to MOAB: The area directly east of the Dead Sea. Libnah (37:8). Isaiah foresaw an invader sweeping over the M LAISHAH (Lioness): City on military route leaving great devastation and lamentation in his from Bethel to Jerusalem which Isaiah warned of wake (15 t.) Assyrian army's approach (10:30). NAPHTALI: Tribal area east and north the Sea LEBANON: The mountains north of Canaan of Galilee. The first Israelite area to be overrun famous for their cedar trees. All the word of L is by the Assyrians, will be the first area to see the not sufficient to fuel the appropriate sacrificial messianic light (9:1). fires for Yahweh. The glory of L will come to NEBO: A town near Medeba under Moabite messianic Zion. (9 t.). control in the days of Isaiah. Moab mourns the LIBNAH: A city in the Shephelah besieged by loss of N to an invader (15:2). Sennacherib at the time he lost 185,000 men NEGEV: An arid region in southern Palestine (37:8). through which Isaiah depicts messengers LUHITH: A settlement in Moab. Isaiah traveling to Egypt in order to negotiate a treaty mourned for Moabite refugees who would have (30:6). to climb the heights of L to escape the enemy NILE RIVER: The famous north-flowing river advance (15:5) of Egypt that created all the prosperity of that MADMENAH: A village on the northern land. Isaiah foresaw a reduction of the flow of invasion route to Jerusalem. Location unknown. the N resulting in parched fields and distraught (10:31). fishermen (19:7, 8). Tyre traded for the grain MANASSEH: One of the two major tribes harvested along the Nile (23:3). Tarshish was making up the Northern Kingdom of Israel. told to till her land as along the Nile (23:10). (4 Manasseh will feed on Ephraim, i.e., there will t.). be internal conflict in the northern kingdom NIMRIM, WATERS OF: A small stream in (9:21). Moab that flows west into the Dead Sea at its MEDEBA: City in Transjordan that changed southern extremity. Isaiah depicts the waters as hands several times in OT times. It was on the dried up (15:6). main north-south road (the King's Highway) NINEVEH: Capital of Assyria to which Sennacherib returned after losing 185,000 men

5 on his campaign into Palestine (37:37). N was miles from Jerusalem. One of the major caravan located on the left bank of the Tigris River in routes was in the control of the Sebeans. They northeastern Mesopotamia (Iraq today). dealt mainly in rich spices, gold, and precious NOB: City in Benjamin about one mile north of stones. Yahweh would give the wealth of Egypt, Jerusalem. Exact location unknown. An invader Cush and S to the Persians as payment for camped at No would shake his fist at the releasing his people (43:3). daughter of Zion (10:32). SEIR: A mountain range which runs the length OPHIR: A distant location (India? South of Edom. Often S is used as a synonym for Arabia? East Africa?) famous for its gold. In the Edom. Someone from S asks the watchman judgment on the world Yahweh will make men (Isaiah) about the duration of the night of more rare than the gold from Ophir (13:12). judgment (21:11). OREB: Name of a rock near Beth Bareh on the : Fortified city of Edom, traditionally Jordan where the Ephraimites executed a prince identified as . Recent scholars point to an named Obeb following Gideon’s victory over the Edomite town near Bozrah. Isaiah called upon S Midianites. The rock became a symbol for to sent lambs as tribute to Zion (16:1) and to join Yahweh’s deliverance (10:26). in the celebration of coming salvation (42:11). PERAZIM, MOUNT: A location just to the : A racial group residing either south of Jerusalem where David won his initial in Mesopotamia or Syria. They were conquered victory of the Philistines after becoming king of by the Assyrians. Despite Assyria's claims, S's all Israel. Isaiah uses P as a symbol of Yahweh’s gods could not compare with Yahweh (36:19). deliverance (28:21). SHARON: A coastal plain which runs fifty PHILISTIA (1 t.); PHILISTINES (4 t.): A miles from near modern Tel Aviv to just south of people living in the coastal plain to the west of Mount Carmel. The area had abundant marshes, Judah. Judeans adopted Philistine customs (2:6). forests, and sand dunes. Because of its fertility Philistines devoured Ephraim after the Assyrians and low risk of flooding, the plain was used weakened them (9:12). Philistines faced a more by migrant herdsmen than settled farmers. terrible judgment (14:29, 31). In messianic days Isaiah said Sharon would become like the united Ephraim/Judah will swoop down on the wilderness of the Arabah (33:9). The splendor of slopes of P, symbolizing the conversion of Sharon will be given to messianic Zion (35:2). Gentiles to the true faith. (11:14) Sharon will become a pasture for flocks (65:10). PHOENICIA: A narrow land between the SHIHOR: In the period of the S refers Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mountains to one of the branches of the Nile River inside between Tyre in the south and Arvad in the Egypt. The grain raised in the vicinity of the S north. Yahweh decreed the destruction of the came as revenue to Tyre (23:3). fortresses of P (23:11). SHILOAH, WATERS OF: Waters supplying RAMAH: A city of Benjamin about five miles Jerusalem diverted from the Gihon spring. It north of Jerusalem through which an invader symbolizes God's provision that makes reliance would approach (10:29). on foreign kings unnecessary (8:6). REPHAIM, VALLEY OF: After judgment SIBMAH: A place about 3 miles northeast of Ephraim will resemble the Valley of R southwest Mount Nebo. The vines of this area wither in the of Jerusalem after a rich crop has been harvested, face of God’s judgment on Moab (16:8, 9). i.e., only a few individuals will be left (17:5). SIDON: A Phoenician city located about thirty REZEPH: A Syrian town captured by the miles north of Tyre. Merchants of Sidon are Assyrians and used by them as a warning to silent and ashamed at the news of Tyre’s fall Hezekiah about the folly of trusting in his God (23:2, 4). The reveling of Sidon will cease (37:12). Exact location unknown. (23:12). SAMARIA: Capital of the Northern Kingdom of SODOM: A Canaanite city located south of the Israel (7:9). Before Isaiah’s boy can say “My Dear Sea. It was destroyed by fire and brimstone father” the plunder of S will be carried away by from heaven. Had not Yahweh left some the Assyrians (8:4). Inhabitants of S boast that survivors, Jerusalem would have disappeared they can recover from Assyrian set-backs (9:9). like Sodom (1:9). Because of its sin, Jerusalem is The fall of Samaria was used by the Assyrians to called Sodom (1:10). They parade their sin like scoff at any notion that Yahweh could deliver Sodom (3:9). Babylon will be overthrown as Jerusalem (10:9-11; 36:19). (8 t.). completely like God overthrew Babylon (13:19). SEBA: Also spelled Sheba. The Sebeans settled TARSHISH: A port on the coast of Spain that in southwest Arabia (modern Yemen) 1,500 maintained trade in metals with Tyre. Tarshish

6 ships will bring Zion’s sons from afar. Those who are saved will carry the news of Yahweh’s glory as far as Tarshish. (6 t.). TEL ASSAR: Location unknown. Thought to be in northeast Syria or northwest Iraq. The Assyrians had conquered this town (37:12). TEMA: A strategic oasis located on the Arabian peninsula 250 miles southeast of Aqaba. The people of Tema are encouraged to take food and water to the fugitive Dedanites (21:14). TYRE: Major seaport of Phoenicia. A major trading center in the world of Isaiah. Tyre will be destroyed, will disappear for seventy years. Tyre will recover her trading status, but will dedicate her profits to Yahweh. (8 t.). VISION, VALLEY OF: One of Isaiah’s name for Jerusalem (22:1). WADI OF EGYPT: The Wadi el- south of the Philistine Plain. This was traditional southern boundary of the Promised Land (27:12). ZEBULUN: A tribal area in Lower Galilee. This area, along with Naphtali, were the first to experience oppression by invaders (9:1). ZION: Isaiah’s name for Jerusalem and for the true people of God of the future. The Gentiles will eventually come to Zion for instruction in the ways of Yahweh (47 t.). ZOAN: Hebrew name for Egyptian city of Tanis, capital of Egypt in Isaiah’s day. Isaiah uses Z to refer to the Egyptian government. (3 t.). ZOAR: One of the cities in the valley of Siddim, also known as Bela. Lot took temporary refuge in Zoar when God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. In Isaiah’s day the town must have belonged to Moab. Isaiah depicts Moabite refugees fleeing as far as Zoar (15:5).

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