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Synoptic Revision of the United States Scarab Beetles of the Subfamily Dynastinae, No. 2: Tribe Oryctini (Part) Lawrence Saylor California Academy of Sciences

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Synoptic Revision of the United States Scarab Beetles of the Subfamily Dynastinae, No. 2: Tribe Oryctini (Part) Lawrence Saylor California Academy of Sciences University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Entomology Papers from Other Sources Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 1-1946 Synoptic revision of the United States scarab beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, No. 2: Tribe Oryctini (part) Lawrence Saylor California Academy of Sciences Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Entomology Commons Saylor, Lawrence, "Synoptic revision of the United States scarab beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, No. 2: Tribe Oryctini (part)" (1946). Entomology Papers from Other Sources. 124. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother/124 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 16 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 36, NO. 1 ENTOMOLOGY.-Synoptic revision of the United States scarab beetles of the sub­ family Dynastinae, No.2: Tribe Oryctini (part).l LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR, Research Associate, California Academy of Sciences. This paper continues the series on United 2. Mandibles always large, always well exposed, States dynastine scarab beetles and in­ always armed externally with teeth or else square in outline (ces8us); apical margin of cludes the three genera differentiated in posterior tibia usually with 1 or 2 sharp the following key: angulations or 1 to 3 or 4 teeth. 1. Apical margin of posterior tibia evenly trun­ Strategus Hope cate, never with angulations or teeth (lateral Mandibles usually hidden beneath clypeus, or view); real apex of clypeus beyond (i.e., only edges exposed, and always unarmed apical of) the apparent carinate apex; front externally; usually with 5 to 9 small to large male tibia frequently edentate. teeth on outer apical margin of posterior Cheiroplatys Hope tibia .................... Xyloryctes Hope Apical margin of posterior tibia never evenly truncate, always with several angulations, Genus Cheiroplatys Hope or teeth; apical carina of clypeus, if present, Cheiroplatys Hope, 1837, p. 84; Lacordaire, 1856, right at the apical margin ............... 2 p. 411; Arrow, 1937b, p. 37. Orizabus Fairmaire, 1878, p. 260; Bates, 1888, 1 Received September 27, 1945. p. 320; Casey, 1915, p. 222. JAN. 15, 1946 SAYLOR: REVISION OF THE DYNASTINAE 17 Pseudaphonus Casey, 1915, p. 210; Arrow, 1937b, to large midcenter discal area smooth, or p.35. with finely sparsely punctate area. Aztecaliu8 Casey, 1915, p. 228. isodonoides (Fairmaire) Arrow lists 32 species in this genus in his Cheiroplatys clunalis (LeConte) 1937 Catalogue; many of these are synonyms Aphonus (?) clunalis LeConte, 1856, p. 23; Bates, and are here listed as such, and additional 1888, p. 321. ones from our faunas will probably prove to be Cheiroplatys verticalis Fall, 1905, p. 272. (New synonymous. This genus is one of those that synonymy.) Orizabus clunalis (LeConte), Casey, 1915, p. 226. occur apparently only in the American and Orizabus ligyrodes Horn, 1885, p. 125. Australian regions, and the majority of the O. sallei Fairmaire, 1878, p. 262. species are from New Guinea and Australian O. marginatus Fairmaire, 1878, p. 262. (New syn­ localities. There is a great deal of variation in onymy.) O. cultripes Fairmaire, 1878, p. 261. (New syn~ the thoracic armature (presence or absence of a onymy.) tubercle and strong fovea) as well as in the O.frontalis Casey, 1915, p. 226. (New synonymy.) height and width of the one or two head O. ponderosae Casey, 1915, p. 228. (New synon­ carinae, which may be much worn in numerous ymy.) individuals, thus giving them a superficially O. parvitarsis Casey, 1915, p. 227. (New synon­ ymy.) different appearance; such is also true of the O. snowi Horn, 1885, p. 124. (New synonymy.) front tibia, which normally in the male of some species, and infrequently also in the fe~ It is easy to see why so many names have male, may be nontoothed externally, but been proposed for our United States clunalis broadly rounded or uni~ to bisinuate. when one considers the great amount of vari­ ability here in the width between the clypeal KEY TO UNITED STATES CHEIROPLATYS teeth; the pygidial puncturation; and the 1. Size very large (21-24 mm); pygidial punctura~ presence or absence of, as well as the depth of, tion variable, from nearly smooth to densely the front thoracic concavity. In some speci­ sub rugosely punctate, but most commonly mens the "apical" clypeal transverse carinll the center disc finely and not densely punc~ (which forms the two lateral teeth) is much tate; male front tibia usually rounded ex~ ternally and not toothed; clypeal apex with reduced at the middle, leaving the two ends short carina, which is usually interrupted at as rather large isolated teeth; in others the middle and obtusely bidentate, rarely nearly carina is much less reduced medially and the entire; clypeal base with a small to large teeth are smaller and much closer together. tubercle, this rarely semicarinate but then the hardly obvious carina obsolete at sides; Some females have the thoracic concavity center-apex of thorax deeply foveate and entirely lacking and the mid center apex re~ tuberculate, or entirely plane (i.e., either duced to the faintest tubercle, while others are evenly convex or flat) ..... clunalis (LeConte) plane; in fact, in one series from New Mexico Size much smaller (14-18 mm); clypeal carinae (58 specimens), 22 totally lacked the thoracic variable, not as above; thorax only rarely foveate or tuberculate .................. 2 fovea and of these 22 seven also lacked all 2. Clyp~us strongly narrowed in front, apical tX:Mes of a tubercle, giving some idea of the carma much shorter than half the length of variability of these characters. In several dis­ clypeus at base, and strongly elevated and sected females (including Casey's type of usually narrowly interrupted at middle, thus appearing bidentate; front with a large parvitarsis) the front tibia are edentate as in tubercle, this sometimes a little finely cari~ most males. Two male examples from Arizona nate to each side, but never with a strong have the clypeal apex much narrower than raised carina; pygidium always very densely usual and the two apical teeth so close as to be and finely cribrately punctate over entire disc, rarely a little sparser at center. touching basally, and more reflexed than pyriformis (LeConte) usual; in all other external characters as well Clypeus very broad in front, apical carina as the genitalia, however, they are typical much more than half the length of the clunalis. I have seen very lar,ge series from posterior carina and always raised, entire Texas, 'New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico and straight; thorax in males usually foveate at midapex and tuberculate or not, usually (Hidalgo and Pachuco); also recorded from plane in females; pygidial sculpture cribrate man;y other Mexican localities under the names and close at sides, most specimens with small of the synonyms. 18 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 36, NO. 1 Bates separated cultripes from'clunalis only Anastrategus Casey, 1915, p. 231; Arrow, 1937b, on the nonmargined thoracic base; a Mexican p.35. Strategodes Casey, 1915, p. 245. series from Temascaltepec, D. F. (Hinton Strategopsis Chapin, 1932, p. 302. collector), is equally divided between specimens ScatophiZus Chapin, 1932, p. 302. ha ving the thoracic base margined and not This American genus is catalogued at 32 margined, with all intermediates, and as Bates species at present and is limited to the West suspected at the time of describing cultripes Indies and the American continents. Five it cannot be separated from clunalis. species occur in the United States. Various Cheiroplatys pyriformis (LeConte) genera or subgenera have been proposed, and Bothynus pyriformis LeConte, 1848, p. 21; Casey, to one unfamiliar with the many species in the 1915, p. 211 (Pseudaphonus); Ritcher, 1944, genus these may seem valid; this is especially p. 28 (Pseudophonus) (larvae). true of those species in which both sexes have Pseudaphonus ovalis Casey, 1915, p. 212. the thorax and head entirely unarmed (cessus P. repens Casey, 1915, p. 212. etc.) as opposed to those where the male is P. debiliceps Casey, 1915, p. 213. P. lucidus Casey, 1915, p. 213. usually strongly armed. Also, mormon appears P. puncticollis Casey, 1915, p. 335. to be quite distinct in the elongated mandibular tooth as well as the frequently unarmed male This species is found rather uncommonly in head and thorax, but all intermediates occur so the Southwest; I have seen it from Colorado that these names do not stand ·up. Also, as and New Mexico only. The variable characters Arrow has rightly pointed out (1937b), genera are mentioned in the species key. The male based on characters entirely sexual are of no genitalia are nearly exactly similar in shape value, since the purpose of taxonomy is to to isodonoides, and it is possible that when rightly place all specimens that may come to larger series are studied the two species may hand, and if it is impossible to place the fe­ prove to be variants of one species. males of many species unless associated with Cheiropiatys isodonoides (Fairmaire) the males, then such genera are obviously of no value whatever. Orizabus isodonoides Fairmaire, 1878, p. 263; Bates, 1888, p. 322 (Cheiroplatys); Casey, 1915, The larvae feed on decaying vegetable matter p. 228 (Aztecalius). in soil rich in humus, as well as in rotten wood, and on roots of oak and other trees; detailed I have seen good series from Mexico and one life history and larval character references, female from Colorado which I cannot separate where known, are listed under the individual from Mexican females of this species.
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