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Inflections of Prophetic Vision: the Reshaping of Hildegard of Bingen's

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Inflections of Prophetic Vision: the Reshaping of Hildegard of Bingen's Inflections of Prophetic Vision: The Reshaping of Hildegard of Bingen’s Apocalypticism as Represented by Abridgments of the Pentachronon by Magda S.J. Hayton A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Magda S.J. Hayton (2015) ABSTRACT Inflections of Prophetic Vision: The Reshaping of Hildegard of Bingen’s Apocalypticism as Represented by Abridgments of the Pentachronon Magda S.J. Hayton Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto This dissertation examines the continental reception of Hildegard of Bingen’s apocalyptic discourse from the thirteenth through the fifteenth century as it was known through the Pentachronon sive speculum futurorum temporum (The Book of Five Times or Mirror of Future Times), an anthology of her prophecies compiled c.1220. Through an examination of three previously unstudied abridgments of the Pentachronon, this study investigates the Pentachronon’s role in the formation of medieval apocalyptic spirituality, its common transmission and reception with works ascribed to Joachim of Fiore, and its redeployment during the Western Schism. This study argues for the existence and persistence of an apocalyptic spirituality in which readers and scribes identified with Hildegard’s “prophets and wise ones” as they were presented in the Pentachronon, and that this identification informed the production, annotation, and circulation of the Pentachronon and its abridgments. In the thirteenth century this was expressed as a Cistercian apocalyptic spirituality that not only produced the original Pentachronon and its most popular abridged version, the PCp (pre-1250) (chapter two), but was also responsible for the first combined readings of Hildegardian and Joachite prophetic works (chapter three). Chapter two examines how the spiritual instruction offered in the PCp teaches that prophets and prophecy are the key to religious and social renewal and improvement within its alternative salvation ii theology, and that there is a special relationship between the Cistercian Order and medieval prophecy. Chapter three examines the continuities between Hildegardian and Joachite apocalyptic discourses and the recognition of these commonalities by thirteenth-century readers, including Vincent of Beauvais and Alexander of Bremen. Chapter four examines a radical abridgment of the PCp made in response to the Western Schism, here called the “Schism Extracts”, and its association with works promoting pro-French apocalypticism and the Angelic Pope, including a work by Pierre d’Ailly (the Invectiva Ezechielis prophetae). This chapter demonstrates that the apocalyptic spirituality formulated among Cistercians and founded on both Hildegardian and Joachite discourses persisted through the mid-fifteenth century. Chapter five provides a conclusion and Appendices I and II provide working editions of d’Ailly’s Invectiva Ezechielis and the Schism Extracts. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first of all like to thank my dissertation committee, Joseph Goering, Robert Sweetman, and Giulio Silano. Without the advice, support and encouragement that Dr. Goering provided as my supervisor I could never have brought this work to completion and I am deeply grateful. I am also thankful for Dr. Sweetman’s challenging and engaging questions and to A.G. Rigg who was my supervisor in the early stages of my research. My conversations with Dr. Rigg about the intricacies of editing medieval texts and the role of scribal interventions have left a lasting mark on my work. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Kathryn Kerby-Fulton who first suggested I pursue a graduate degree and introduced me to medieval apocalypticism and the Pentachronon. She has been a generous and patient mentor, providing encouragment and hope through the toughest moments. There are many other people who have supported me in diverse ways over the course of bringing this thesis to completion. I especially thank Greti Dinkova-Bruun, Jennifer Reid, Joanna Carraway, Aden Kumler, Jonathan Robinson, Sandra Caldwell, Cynthia Quarrie, Stephen Yeager, Yael Raizman-Kedar, Isabel Flood, Davina Lucas, Craig Webster, Tuija Ainonen, Maureen Jones, Gabriel Tordjman, Kathrine Grafton, Sam Cheuk, Christine Kralik, Nicole Hamonic, and Kate Craig. For their financial support I would like to thank the Social Sciences and Research Council of Canada, the Ontario Student Assitance Program, and the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst. Finally, I would like to thank my family. The gratitude I have for Jonathan and Samson goes beyond what I could express here. My journey has been their journey and I am thankful to them for sharing it with me. My mother, Sharon Hayton, has always encouraged me in my academic pursuits and been an example of courage and strength. This dissertation is dedicated to her. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................. iv List of Abbreviations Used ..................................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 THE FORM, CONTENT, AND FUNCTION OF LATER MEDIEVAL APOCALYPTIC TEXTS.............................................................................................................................................. 11 1.2 OVERVIEW OF DISSERTATION ..................................................................................... 22 VOLANS FOLIUM CONTRA DYABOLUM: THE ‘CUM PECCATA’ VERSION OF THE PENTACHRONON ............................................................................................................................... 26 2.1 CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE PENTACHRONONCp ...................................... 28 2.2 APOCALYPTIC PROPHECY FOR SPIRITUAL EDIFICATION: THE PENTACHRONONCp AS SPECULUM .......................................................................................... 42 2.3 ECCLESIA, IUSTICIA AND APOCALYPTIC ORIENTATION........................................ 47 2.4 SCIENTIA ET INTELLECTUS OMNIUM CATHOLICORUM LIBRORUM: PROPHECY AND PROPHETIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE TRIBULATION SCENARIO OF THE PENTACHRONONCp ...................................................................................................................... 57 THE PENTACHRONON AND JOACHITE PROPHETIC WORKS 1220-1260 ................................ 70 3.1 MADRID, BIBLIOTÉCA NATIONALE, COD. 59 ............................................................ 73 3.2 THE PENTACHRONONCp ABRIDGMENT OF THE MADRID 59 COLLECTION ....... 77 3.3 THE FRATER RAYNERIUS ANTHOLOGY OF MADRID 59 AND JOACHIM’S THEOLOGY OF HISTORY ............................................................................................................ 89 3.4 THE PENTACHRONON AND SUPER HIEREMIAM IN THE WORKS OF VINCENT OF BEAUVAIS, ALBERT OF STADE, AND ALEXANDER OF BREMEN ................................... 103 PIERRE D’AILLY, THE WESTERN SCHISM, AND A RADICAL ABRIDGMENT OF THE PENTACHRONON ............................................................................................................................. 115 4.1 THE SCHISM EXTRACTS: CONTENT AND THEMES................................................ 120 4.2 HILDEGARD, THE PASTOR ANGELICUS, AND PRO-FRENCH APOCALYPTICISM 129 4.3 D’AILLY’S INVECTIVA EZECHIELIS PROPHETAE CONTRA PSEUDO PASTORES 140 4.4 THEOLOGIAN AS PROPHET ......................................................................................... 145 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 151 v BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 158 Appendix I: The Invectiva Ezechielis prophete contra pseudo pastores ........................................... 166 The Manuscripts ............................................................................................................................. 166 Invectiva Ezechielis prophete contra pseudo pastores ................................................................... 168 Appendix II: The Schism Extracts ..................................................................................................... 179 The Manuscripts ............................................................................................................................. 179 Relationship Between the Witnesses .............................................................................................. 184 Marginal Annotations ..................................................................................................................... 186 P, Pv, H and Pierre d’Ailly ............................................................................................................. 188 Note on the Presentation of the Schism Extracts ............................................................................ 192 The Schism Extracts ....................................................................................................................... 194 vi List of Abbreviations Used BUS = Kathryn
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