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Gyda Sylw Arbennig I Ddylanwad John Walters a William Owen Pughe Ar Eiriadurwyr 1805 -1850

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Gyda Sylw Arbennig I Ddylanwad John Walters a William Owen Pughe Ar Eiriadurwyr 1805 -1850 Hanes Geiriaduraeth yng Nghymru o1547hyd1914 gyda sylw arbennig i ddylanwad John Walters a William Owen Pughe ar eiriadurwyr 1805 -1850 Menna E. Morgan Ph. D. 2002 Cyfrol 2 281 Pennod 7 Gweithgarwch geiriadurol Daniel Silvan Evans (1818 -1903) Yn öl Yr Athro Bedwyr Lewis Jones, oes our yr offeiriaid Ilengar yng Nghymru oedd y deugain mlynedd rhwng 1818 ac 1858.1 Rhannent yr un delfrydau a chan fod y cyfleusterau, y cysylltiadau a'r amser angenrheidiol ganddynt, hwy fu'n bennaf cyfrifol am gynnal dysg a hynafiaethau Cymraeg. Un o'r gwyr olaf yn Ilinach yr hen offeiriaid Ilengar - and un o'r rhai mwyaf gweithgar a Morgan D. Jones: chynhyrchiol - oedd Daniel Silvan Evans? Dywedodd Os oes un gwr y gellir dweud amdano ei fod yn ddrych teg o weithgarwch Ilenyddol ac ysgolheigaidd y ganrif odid nad Daniel Silvan Evans (1818-1903) yw hwnnw. 3 Dechreuodd Silvan ymddiddori o ddifrif ym maes geiriaduraeth yn gynnar yn ei yrfa; gwyddys ei fod wrthi'n paratoi Gwreiddiadur or laith Gymraeg tua 1840. Ceir ambell gyfeiriad at y gwaith hwn yn y cylchgronau Cymreig yn ystod y blynyddoedd dilynol ac with adolygu Blodeu leuainc, sef cyfrol o ganeuon ac ysgrifau o eiddo Silvan, nododd golygydd Y Drysorfa Gynulleidfaol: Mae'r awdur medrus yn paratoi i'r wasg Wreiddiadur Cymreig Pris 31-. Carem weled ei fwriad wedi ei gyflawni gan fod angen y fath Cymry 5 orchwyl ar y ... 'Roedd gan leuan Gwynedd bob ffydd yng ngallu Silvan i gyflawni'r gwaith a gobeithiai ei weld yn cael ei gyhoeddi'n fuan.6 Er hynny, nid oedd ar Silvan unrhyw frys i'w orffen. M.:wn Ilythyr a anfonodd at John Jon Ivon) ym V44 dywedodd: Qý1% Bedwyr Lewis Jones, 'Yr Offeiriaid Llengar', yn Dyfnallt Morgan- o1Gwyr Lien y BedwareddGanrif ar Bymtheg a'u Cefndir (LlandybTe,1968), t.49. 2 Syr John Edward Lloyd, R. T. Jenkins, a Syr William Llewelyn Davies (goln.), Y BywgraffladurCymreig hyd 1940 (Llundain, 1953), tt.207-8. 3 Morgan D. Jones, 'Geiriadur Cymraeg Daniel Silvan Evans', Journal of the Welsh BibliographicalSociety, viii, t.24. 4 Mewn nodyn dyddiedig25/6/1840 yn Cwrtmawr 755C, nodir. "Paratoi i'r wasg - Gwreddiadur (Etymological Dictionary) o'r laith Gymraeg, gan D. Silvan Evans. Pris 3/-. E. Williams, Argraphydd, Aberystwyth". 5Y Drysorfa Gynulleidfaol, Mehefin 4ydd, 1844, t. 144. 6Y Traethodydd, Ebrill 1847, t. 203. 282 O barthed y Gwreiddiadur, y mae yn dyvod ambell dipyn yn y blaen yn awr ac eilwaith, a dichon y cwblheir of rywbryd, and nid wyv yn bwriadu ei gyhoeddi byth ar fy nhraul e hun.' Ni chyhoeddwyd y Gwreiddiadur hwn, and trwy gasglu deunyddiau ar ei gyfer 'roedd Silvan mewn sefyllfa i dderbyn cynnig gan Thomas Gee ym 1847 i olygu purred argraffiad o'r Geiriadur Saesoneg a Chymraeg a luniwyd gan Thomas Jones, Dinbych.e Bwriad gwreiddiol Gee oedd cyhoeddi'r geiriadur hwnnw gydag "ychwanegiad mawr" ato, eithr ni fodlonodd Silvan ar ychwanegu'n unig.9 GweII oedd ganddo, fel y cyfaddefodd yn ddiweddarach, greu gwaith cwbl newydd: diwygio helaethu Geiriadur hwnw i and ... nid a y a wnaethym ysgrifenu gwaith newydd o'r dechreu i'r diwedd.1° Yn rhagair y geiriadur, dywed Silvan mai'r hyn a'i hysgogodd i ymgymryd ä'r dasg oedd yr awydd i ddiwallu'r angen cynyddol am eiriadur Saesneg-Cymraeg cynhwysfawr. Teimlai fod gwybodaeth or Saesneg yn hanfodol i fwyafrif trigolion Cymru'r adeg honno ac na ellid gwneud heb eiriadur pwrpasol. 11 Ni wyddys yn union faint o amser a dreuliodd yn paratoi'r Geiriadur Seisoneg a Chymraeg and bu'n gweithio mor ddyfal fel na chäi fawr o gyfle i droi at unrhyw waith arall. Pan ofynnwyd iddo am gyfraniad i'r Traethodydd ym 1849, cyfaddefodd na fedrai ymateb: As the Dictionary takes up all the moments, that I can spare for literary purpose, I regret to say that I cannot, at present, engage furnish for the Traethodydd 12 to you with any contributions ... Cychwynnodd Gee ar y dasg o argraffu'r geiriadur ym 1847 ac ni ddaethpwyd i ben ä'r gwaith tan 1858, felly bu Silvan yn ymhel ä'r geiriadur am un mlynedd ar ddeg heb son am y blynyddoedd a dreuliodd yn ei baratoi ymlaen Ilaw. Yn gynnar ym 1848, ymddangosodd hysbyseb ar gyfer rhan gyntaf y geiriadur yn brolio ei fod yn cynnwys yr holl eiriau a geld yng ngeiriaduron Johnson a ' LLGC 3291E. 8 Thomas Jones, Geiriadur Saesoneg a Chymraeg. An English and Welsh Dictionary; in which the English Words with many of the English Phrases are explained by those which Synonymise or Correspond with them in the Welsh Language. Compiled from the best Sources Materials (Caer, 1800). and ... s YFaner, Mehefin2i11858. 10 Llythyr Silvan i'r Arweinydd, Gorffennaf8ed, 1858. " 'Rhagair' ar ddechrau Cyfrol II, Daniel Silvan Evans, An English and Welsh Dictionary, adapted to the present state and literature, in which the English words are deduced from their originals, and explained in the Welsh language (Dinbych, 1852 -1858). 283 Webster, gan gynnwys termau gwyddonol a Ilenyddol, ynghyd ä miloedd o 13 eiriau ac idiomau ychwanegol a godwyd o wyddoniaduron a ffynonellau eraill. Nodwyd hefyd y byddai tarddeiriau'r Saesneg yn cael eu dangos ac y cal pob term ei gyfieithu i'r Gymraeg a'i ddiffinio. Ymddangosodd y rhan gyntaf ym mis Chwefror 1848 ac fe'i dilynwyd gan Ran II a III ym mis Chwefror 1849. Erbyn mis Ionawr 1850 'roedd Rhan IV aV wedi dod or wasg ac ym 1852 cyhoeddwyd y gyfrol gyntaf, sef A hyd ddiwedd y Ilythyren G. Daeth gweddill y rhannau o'r wasg yn rheolaidd ac fe gyhoeddwydyr all gyfrol ym 1858. Soniwyd eisoes am y ffrae a gododd rhwng Caerfallwch ar y naill law a Silvan a Thomas Gee ar y Ilaw arall. Pan fu'r tri'n dadlau yn gyhoeddus rhwng tua 1848 ac 1851, 'roedd Silvan a Gee yn gweld lygad yn Ilygad. Ysgrifennent at ei gilydd yn gyson ac unwaith i Gee ddechrau paratoi ar gyfer cyhoeddi'r Gwyddoniadur Cymreig, ymgynghorai ä Silvan ac ysgrifennodd yntau bron i ddeugain erthygl i'w cynnwys ynddo. 14 Trodd y berthynas gyfeillgar hon yn chwerw ar öl i all gyfrol An English and Welsh Dictionary ymddangos ym 1858. Erbyn 1857, 'roedd Gee wedi hen flino ar ddiffyg trefn a blerwch Silvan felly aeth ati i gyhoeddi gweddill y geiriadur o'r gair'tusk i'r diwedd heb anfon proflenni ato i'w golygu. At hyn, penderfynodd dalfyrru rhywfaint ar y cynnwys. Nid oes ryfedd i Silvan wylltio ac yntau, ar öl cymaint o flynyddoedd, bron ä gorffen y gwaith. Anfonodd lythyr at nifer o'r cylchgronau ym mis Chwefror 1858 yn cyhuddo Gee o dalfyrru ac andwyo'r geiriadur a mynnodd nad oedd of ei hun yn gyfrifol am gynnwys cyfran helaeth ohono. 15 Pwysleisiodd na chafodd y cyfle i gywiro'r proflenni o gwbl, gan ychwanegu: Ei dalfyru i'r fath fel a wnaeth ... a'i gyfnewid raddau yr wyf clan angenrheidr wydd i hysbysu i'r wlad yn gyffredinol nad wyf i mewn modd yn gyfrifol am ansawdd y gwaith o'r gair Tusk hyd ddiwedd Ilythyren Z Y y ... mae yr ychydig ohono a gafodd ei gyhoeddi, wedi ei argraffu mor wallus, a'i Iurgunio yn y fath fodd, fel nas gall, I'm tyb i, fod o nemawr ddyben i neb ymgynghori ag ef. 1e 12 Llythyr dyddiedig Ebrill 11eg 1849 yng nghasgliad Thomas Charles Edwards yn Llyfrgell GenedlaetholCymru. 13 Gw. er enghraifft Y Diwygiwr, lonawr 1848. 14 Morgan D. Jones, 'Daniel Silvan Evans: ei gysylltiadau Ilenyddol a'i waith, gan fanylu ar ei gyfraniad i ysgolheictod Cymraeg', Traethawd M.A. Prifysgol Cymru Caerdydd, 1952, t. 50. 15 Gw. er enghraifft Yr Arweinydd, Mawrth 4ydd 1858; Yr Haul, 1858, t. 94; Yr Amserau, Awst 18ed 1858; Baner Cymru, Awst 18ed 1858. 16 YrArweinydd, Mawrth 4ydd 1858. 284 Atebodd Gee'r cyhuddiadau trwy ddweud na olygodd ac na lurguniodd of ddim ar y gwaith and cyfaddefodd iddo hepgor Ilawer o frawddegau byrion a thrigain a phedwar o eiriau nad oedd eu hangen yn ei dyb ef. 17 Hen eiriau ansathredig oedd y rhain ac enwau anifeiliaid, arian a metelau heb gyfieithiad Cymraeg ar eu cyfer. Aeth yn ei flaen i esbonio ei fod wedi talfyrru'r cynnwys o'r gair'wane' - nid'tusk' - i'r diwedd oherwydd bod maint y gwaith wedi chwyddo'n ormodol ac oherwydd ei fod am orffen ei argraffu cyn gynted ä phosib. Eglurodd hefyd mai canlyniad arafwch Silvan yn anfon y proflenni'n öl oedd y gwallau a'r annibendod ar ddiwedd y geiriadur a bod yr holl gywiriadau wedi eu gwneud. Parhaodd y ddadl rhyngddynt am gryn amser a Ilusgwyd Gweirydd ap Rhys i'r ffrae pan gyhoeddwyd y Geiriadur Cynaniadol a pheri i Silvan gyhuddo Gee o ddefnyddio ei eiriadur of yn sylfaen i'r gwaith hwnnw. 18 Nid oedd sail i'r cyhuddiad mewn gwirionedd oherwydd 'roedd natur cynnwys y ddau eiriadur yn wahanol a chyhoeddasid rhifyn olaf geiriadur Gweirydd bron i flwyddyn cyn i Silvan anfon ei Iawysgrif olaf at Thomas Gee. Ar öl y ffrae, ni fynnodd Silvan wneud dim ä gwasg Gee a throdd i roi ei gwstwm i William Spurrell a Robert Isaac Jones o Dremadog. Ymddengys ei fod yn ystyried cyhoeddi ail argraffiad o'r geiriadur ar un adeg oherwydd mewn rhifyn o'r Brython a gyhoeddwyd ym 1862, dywedir: Yr ydym wedi fod D. Silvan Evans drefnu clywed ... ... yn prysur mesurau i ddwyn allan argraffiad newydd diwygiedig o'i Eiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg hwn yr argraffiad cyntaf o'r ... a ddyfethwyd gan yr argraffydd Bydd hwn tra ..
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