DOCSLIB.ORG

Pilgrimages in Images: Early Sixteenth-Century Views of the Holy Land with Pilgrims' Portraits As Part of the Commemoration of the Jerusalem Pilgrimage in Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pilgrimages in Images: Early Sixteenth-Century Views of the Holy Land with Pilgrims' Portraits As Part of the Commemoration of the Jerusalem Pilgrimage in Germany Pilgrimages in Images: Early Sixteenth-Century Views of the Holy Land with Pilgrims' Portraits as Part of the Commemoration of the Jerusalem Pilgrimage in Germany Bart Holterman Final thesis for the Research Master Ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance Studies, Utrecht University, under supervision of Bram van den Hoven van Genderen. Second reader: Michele Campopiano (University of York). 11 May 2013. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 2 Introduction 6 The late medieval Jerusalem pilgrimage 12 Motivation of pilgrims 14 Pilgrimage and social status 15 Chivalric values and Crusading ideology 17 Social composition 19 Decline of the Jerusalem pilgrimage 20 Pilgrimage in Protestant thought 21 The Ottoman expansion in religious discourse 24 Ottoman expansion and Jerusalem pilgrims 25 Commemoration of the Jerusalem pilgrimage 28 Medals, pilgrims insignia, tattoos, relics 28 Travel reports 29 Foundations: chapels, almshouses, Stations of the Cross 33 Confraternities of Jerusalem pilgrims 34 Portraits of Jerusalem pilgrims 35 Tomb monuments 41 Commemoration of the pilgrimage, commemoration of the dead 43 Commemorative ensembles 44 The views on the Holy Land with pilgrim's depictions: appropriation of a commemorative theme 46 1. The Gotha panel 46 2. The Powerscourt panel 54 3. The Liegnitz panel 56 4. The Neuburg tapestries 57 Depictions of the Holy Land in the late Middle Ages: possible sources 60 Summary 67 Commemoration of the pilgrimage at the court of Frederick the Wise of Saxony 69 Biography and political context 69 Frederick's pilgrimage and travel report 70 Commemoration of the pilgrimage 71 Jerusalem pilgrims from Nuremberg: The Ketzel family 74 Socio-political circumstances: Nuremberg and the patriciate 74 Commemoration of the Jerusalem pilgrimage by the Ketzel family 77 Commemoration of the pilgrimage in Nuremberg 80 Interpretation 82 Ottheinrich and the Neuburg tapestries 85 Biography and political circumstances 85 The pilgrimage diary 86 Commemoration of the pilgrimage at the Neuburg court 88 A closer look: The tapestries in relation to the travel report and the Gotha panel 90 Tapestry production at the Neuburg court 93 Interpretation 96 Conclusion 97 Bibliography 100 Appendix A: Overview of portraits of Jerusalem pilgrims 110 Appendix B: Transcriptions of the texts on the views of the Holy Land with pilgrims' depictions 115 Appendix C: Overview of the depicted scenes on the views of the Holy Land 119 2 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. The 'Jerusalem tapestry', showing the city of Jerusalem and surrounding holy places, with prayer portraits of Count Palatine Ottheinrich and his travel companions, 1541. Munich, Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, inv. no. T3860. 4 Fig. 2. The 'Jaffa tapestry', showing the Holy Land with the holy places outside Jerusalem, such as Bethlehem, Ramla, and Jaffa, including the pilgrims' ship and various scenes with pilgrims and Turkish soldiers. Neuburg an der Donau, Schlossmuseum Neuburg. 5 Fig. 3. The 'Gotha panel', depicting a view on the Holy Land with the prayer portrait of duke Frederick the Wise of Saxony, who made the pilgrimage in 1493. Gotha, Schlossmuseum Friedenstein, inv. no. SG77. 7 Fig. 4. Map of the Holy Land (detail) from Bernhard von Breydenbach's Peregrinatio in terram sanctam, 1486. Woodcut by Erhard Reuwich. 11 Fig. 5. Portrait of an unknown knight of the Holy Sepulchre, carrying a palm branch, a Jerusalem cross on a necklace, and a charter in his hand. 1562. 15 Fig. 6. The Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre in Görlitz, end of the fifteenth century. 22 Fig. 7. 12 Members of the Haarlem confraternity of Jerusalem pilgrims, by Jan van Scorel, c.1528. Van Scorel is depicted third from the right. 36 Fig. 8. Arnold von Harff on a camel, MS Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. 972, f. 80r. 39 Fig. 9. Death and the duke, showing the coat of arms and facial features of the pilgrim Caspar von Mülinen, from the Bern Dance of Death. Watercolour of Albrecht Kauw (1649) after the mural by Niklaus Manuel, c.1515-1519. 40 Fig. 10. Tomb slab of Heinrich Ketzel, 1438, at the outside of the west choir of the Church of St Sebald, Nuremberg. 42 Fig. 11. Various depictions of pilgrims, clockwise from top left: in Jerusalem (Gotha panel), idem (Jerusalem tapestry), on horseback near Ramla (Jaffa tapestry), idem (Gotha panel). 46 Fig. 12. Gotha panel (detail): ein heydenisch her. 47 Fig. 13. The caves of St Peter on the Gotha panel (left) and Reuwich's map (right). 48 Fig. 14. 'An Islamic punishment' on the Jaffa tapestry (left) and the Gotha panel (right). 49 Fig. 15. 'Araben' (Gotha panel, left) and 'die witten leut garba genannt' (Jaffa tapestry, right). 49 Fig. 16. Gotha panel (detail): Stations of the Cross and vaulted alleyways (souks). 50 Fig. 17. Back of the Gotha panel with eight kneeling members of the Ketzel family 53 Fig. 18. The 'Powerscourt panel' (lost), after 1503. In: Hofmann, 'Wallfahrtsbilder vom heiligen Lande'. The panel included praying figures from the Ketzel family, but these have been cut off of the photograph. 54 Fig. 19. Ottheinrich's two tapestries taken together, their borders removed: the landscape connects neatly. 58 Fig. 20. The Dome of the Rock as 'Zentralbauwolkenkratzer' on the Road to Calvary after Jan van Eyck (Budapest, Museum of Fine Arts). 60 Fig. 21. Map of the Holy Land from the travel report of Sebald Rieter, 1479, MS Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod. Icon. 172. The red rectangle indicates the spot where four pilgrims are depicted. 61 Fig. 22. Lamentation of Christ (epitaph for Adelheid Tucher-Gundelach), 1483. Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, inv. no. Gm 1486. 62 Fig. 23. Pilgrims' vessels. Top: Jaffa tapestry, View of Modon by Reuwich, bottom: galley on the Gotha panel, galley on Reuwich's view of the Holy Land. 64 Fig. 24. Map of the Holy Land from Konrad Grünemberg's travel report, 1487, MS Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, St. Peter 32, ff. 35v-36r. 65 Fig. 25. Resurrection of Christ and view on Jerusalem with prayer portraits of Jean Godin and family, after 1465. 66 3 Fig. 26. Hans Memling, Scenes from the Passion of Christ (The 'Turin passion'), c.1471. Turin, Galleria Sabauda, inv. no. 358. 67 Fig. 27. Page from the Wittenberger Heiltumsbuch (1509), woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder. 72 Fig. 28. Pilgrimage panel of the Ketzel family, after 1503. Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, inv. no. Gm 851. 78 Fig. 29. Back of the lower half of the painted pedigree of the Ketzel family. The top left field depicts a small view of the Holy Land. 80 Fig. 30. Albrecht Dürer, Paumgartner altar, 1500. Munich, Alte Pinakothek, inv. Nos. 701, 702, 706. The left wing contains St Georg carrying the facial features of Stefan Paumgartner. 82 Fig. 31. Harness of Ottheinrich. Paris, Musée de l'Armée, inv. no. G 137. The neck piece shows an engraved necklace with a Jerusalem cross. 89 Fig. 32. Jaffa tapestry (detail): Baptism of Christ, pilgrims drowning in the Jordan, and taken up by angels. Small image: Habakkuk taken up by an angel, detail of the Gotha panel. 91 Fig. 33. Jaffa tapestry (detail): Pilgrims attacked by Turks near Jaffa. 92 Fig. 34. Kneeling figure of Ottheinrich (Jerusalem tapestry, left) and the Martyrdom of St George (Jaffa tapestry, right). 93 4 Fig. 1. The 'Jerusalem tapestry', showing the city of Jerusalem and surrounding holy places, with prayer portraits of Count Palatine Ottheinrich and his travel companions, 1541. Munich, Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, inv. no. T3860. 5 Fig. 2. The 'Jaffa tapestry', showing the Holy Land with the holy places outside Jerusalem, such as Bethlehem, Ramla, and Jaffa, including the pilgrims' ship and various scenes with pilgrims and Turkish soldiers. Neuburg an der Donau, Schlossmuseum Neuburg. 6 INTRODUCTION In the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich hangs a tapestry from 1541, displaying a view of Jerusalem and the surrounding countryside west to east (from now on: the Jerusalem tapestry, fig. 1). Within the city and its surroundings, small scenes are depicted indicating the sites of episodes from the New and Old Testament: in the city the Stations of the Cross (the via dolorosa) ending at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre; outside the city walls episodes such as the Martyrdom of St Stephen just outside the gates, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Betrayal of Christ, the Hanging of Judas, the Last Supper, and so on. However, not all scenes are based on the Bible: on the south side of the city seven figures can be discerned, just entering the city. They are wearing dark brown cloaks and hats. What they are supposed to represent becomes clear when we look at what is happening in the foreground, in front of the city. Nine harnessed persons are kneeling here, their hands folded in prayer. The first person, whose harness is made of gold, is identified by a short text: “Ser durchleuchtig hochgeborn fürst und her her Otthainrich, pfaltzgraf bey Rein, herrzog in Nidern- und Obern Bairn, zoge uber mer gem Ierusalem zum Heiligen Grab, im iar nach der gepurt Cristi 1521.” The tapestry is first and foremost a commemoration of the pilgrimage that Ottheinrich, Elector Palatine, made in 1521. The persons kneeling behind him were his travel companions, and the unidentified figures in brown in Jerusalem are the pilgrims moving around in the Holy Land. There is, however, a curious side to the praying figures in the foreground: they have turned their backs to the city of Jerusalem and are looking to a point on the right outside the tapestry. If we would like to see what they are looking at, we have to leave Munich and travel about 100 kilometres north, to the small city of Neuburg an der Donau. Another tapestry hangs in the local castle (from now on: the Jaffa tapestry; fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
    Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Cesifo Working Paper No. 4452 Category 5: Economics of Education October 2013
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Cantoni, Davide; Yuchtman, Noam Working Paper Medieval Universities, Legal Institutions, and the Commercial Revolution CESifo Working Paper, No. 4452 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Cantoni, Davide; Yuchtman, Noam (2013) : Medieval Universities, Legal Institutions, and the Commercial Revolution, CESifo Working Paper, No. 4452, Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/89752 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen
    [Show full text]
  • Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and Feathered Amerindians
    Colonial Latin American Review ISSN: 1060-9164 (Print) 1466-1802 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ccla20 Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and feathered Amerindians Elizabeth Hill Boone To cite this article: Elizabeth Hill Boone (2017) Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and feathered Amerindians, Colonial Latin American Review, 26:1, 39-61, DOI: 10.1080/10609164.2017.1287323 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2017.1287323 Published online: 07 Apr 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 82 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ccla20 Download by: [Library of Congress] Date: 21 August 2017, At: 10:40 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN REVIEW, 2017 VOL. 26, NO. 1, 39–61 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2017.1287323 Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and feathered Amerindians Elizabeth Hill Boone Tulane University In sixteenth-century Europe, it mattered what one wore. For people living in Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Italy, clothing reflected and defined for others who one was socially and culturally. Merchants dressed differently than peasants; Italians dressed differently than the French.1 Clothing, or costume, was seen as a principal signifier of social identity; it marked different social orders within Europe, and it was a vehicle by which Europeans could understand the peoples of foreign cultures. Consequently, Eur- opeans became interested in how people from different regions and social ranks dressed, a fascination that gave rise in the mid-sixteenth century to a new publishing venture and book genre, the costume book (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940
    Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Open Jerusalem Edited by Vincent Lemire (Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University) and Angelos Dalachanis (French School at Athens) VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/opje Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Opening New Archives, Revisiting a Global City Edited by Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire LEIDEN | BOSTON Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC-ND License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. The Open Jerusalem project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (starting grant No 337895) Note for the cover image: Photograph of two women making Palestinian point lace seated outdoors on a balcony, with the Old City of Jerusalem in the background. American Colony School of Handicrafts, Jerusalem, Palestine, ca. 1930. G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/mamcol.054/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Dalachanis, Angelos, editor.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Bosphorus: the Holy Land in English Reformation Literature, 1516-1596
    BEYOND THE BOSPHORUS: THE HOLY LAND IN ENGLISH REFORMATION LITERATURE, 1516-1596 Jerrod Nathan Rosenbaum A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Jessica Wolfe Patrick O’Neill Mary Floyd-Wilson Reid Barbour Megan Matchinske ©2019 Jerrod Nathan Rosenbaum ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Jerrod Rosenbaum: Beyond the Bosphorus: The Holy Land in English Reformation Literature, 1516-1596 (Under the direction of Jessica Wolfe) This dissertation examines the concept of the Holy Land, for purposes of Reformation polemics and apologetics, in sixteenth-century English Literature. The dissertation focuses on two central texts that are indicative of two distinct historical moments of the Protestant Reformation in England. Thomas More's Utopia was first published in Latin at Louvain in 1516, roughly one year before the publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses signaled the commencement of the Reformation on the Continent and roughly a decade before the Henrician Reformation in England. As a humanist text, Utopia contains themes pertinent to internal Church reform, while simultaneously warning polemicists and ecclesiastics to leave off their paltry squabbles over non-essential religious matters, lest the unity of the Church catholic be imperiled. More's engagement with the Holy Land is influenced by contemporary researches into the languages of that region, most notably the search for the original and perfect language spoken before the episode at Babel. As the confusion of tongues at Babel functions etiologically to account for the origin of all ideological conflict, it was thought that the rediscovery of the prima lingua might resolve all conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Stepmother and Stepson: Duchess Matilda in the Power Struggle After the Death of Her Husband Barnim I, the Duke of Pomerania
    Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza, t. 23, 2019 Mariola Freza ‑Olczyk (Instytut Historii, Uniwersytet Gdański) https://orcid.org/0000–0001–5088–9475 Stepmother and stepson: Duchess Matilda in the power struggle after the death of her husband Barnim I, the Duke of Pomerania https://doi.org/10.26881/sds.2019.23.03 Keywords: Duchy of Pomerania, Duchess Matilda, Duke Barnim I, Duke Bogusław IV, margraves of Brandenburg This article explores the political relationship between some of the most prominent figures of the Duchy of Pomerania in the 13th cen‑ tury. The first part presents general information about the origins of Duke Barnim I, his son Duke Bogusław IV, and Duchess Matilda. The subsequent part shows their political activity and achievements as rulers. The family background had an immense influence on each one’s decisions. The pivotal point of the last section of this paper is to elaborate the political struggle between Duke Bogusław IV and his stepmother, Duchess Matilda. According to sources, Barnim I wasmarie tree times1. Edward Rymar claims that his first wife Marianna was a daughter of King 1 G. Sello, Chronica Marchionum Brandenburgensium. Nach einer Handschrift der Trierer Stadtbibliothek und den Excerpten des Pulkawa [in:] Forschungen zur Brandenburgischen und Preußischen Geschichte, Bd. 1, Leipzig 1888, p. 126; see also: PU, Bd. 1, no. 401 (29 March 1242); Bd. 2, no. 702 (25 May 1261). Margaret was only mentioned after her death; M.L. Wójcik, Ród Gryfitów do końca XIII wieku. Pochodzenie – genealogia – rozsiedlenie, Wrocław 1993, p. 39. Barnim was a ruler of the Griffin dynasty in Western Pomerania in the 13th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Kontakt Vertrauen Perspektiven Zwingenberg Lindenfels Groß-Rohrheim Lautertal
    Kontakt Diakonisches Werk Bergstraße Vertrauen Fachstelle Jugendberufshilfe Thomas Bartelsen Perspektiven Riedstraße 1 | 64625 Bensheim Telefon 0 62 51 / 10 72 38 www.kreativ-fee.de E-Mail: [email protected] BEWERBUNG – Diakonisches Werk Bergstraße Fachstelle Jugendberufshilfe WIE GEHT DAS? Kerstin Biehal Tatjana Maier-Borst Industriestraße 35 | 68623 Lampertheim Telefon 0 62 06 / 92 99 12 E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] WIE KOMME ICH ZU NRD Orbishöhe GmbH Fachstelle Jugendberufshilfe EINER AUSBILDUNG? Simon Bürklin Kirchgasse 5 | 64668 Rimbach Telefon 06253 / 2399183 Mobil 0 171 / 30 10 780 (Bürklin) PROBLEME IM E-Mail: [email protected] Förderband Viernheim e. V. JOB – WAS TUN? Fachstelle Jugendberufshilfe Robin Zubrod FACHSTELLEN Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 8 – im TiB-Dachgeschoss JUGENDBERUFS- 68519 Viernheim Telefon 0 62 04 / 91 45 129 HILFE Mobil 0151 / 18 98 30 39 E-Mail: [email protected] Facebook: Förderband Viernheim Fachstelle Jugendberufshilfe Koordination: Kreis Bergstrasse Fachdienst Jugendförderung und Jugendschutz Hermann Riebel Graben 15 | 64646 Heppenheim Telefon 0 62 52 / 15 56 16 E-Mail: [email protected] WIE KANN ICH MICH FINANZIEREN? Zwingenberg Lindenfels Groß-Rohrheim Lautertal Biblis BENSHEIM Einhausen Fürth Grasellenbach Bürstadt Lorsch Heppenheim Die Karte rechts zeigt zu RIMBACH welcher Fachstelle dein LAMPERTHEIM Wohnort gehört. Mörlenbach Wald Michelbach Birkenau Fachstelle Jugendberufshilfe Lampertheim VIERNHEIM WIR HELFEN WEITER: Gorxheimer Offene Sprechstunde im Ausbildungs- und Bewerbungstreff. Tal Abtsteinach Jeden Dienstag und Donnerstag von 14 bis 16 Uhr, Industriestr. 35 in Lampertheim. Ja, und die Kontaktdaten und Hirschhorn Im Ausbildungs- und Bewerbungstreff beantworten wir Ansprechpartner dazu stehen Fragen rund um Schule, Ausbildung und Beruf.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewer—Qualities That Both Appealed to an International Market, Particularly Spain, and Correlated with Contemporary Devotional Practices
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 Fashioning Schongauer: The Appropriation of Martin Schongauer's Engravings in Aragón Carolina Alarcon Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE AND DANCE FASHIONING SCHONGAUER: THE APPROPRIATION OF MARTIN SCHONGAUER’S ENGRAVINGS IN ARAGÓN By CAROLINA ALARCON A Thesis submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Carolina Alarcon defended on April 4, 2011. ____________________________ Stephanie Leitch (Professor Directing Thesis) ____________________________ Paula Gerson (Committee Member) ____________________________ Jack Freiberg (Committee Member) Approved: ____________________________ Adam Jolles, Chair, Department of Art History ____________________________ Sally McRorie, Dean, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Stephanie Leitch for introducing me to the world of prints. Her continued support, sage advice and enthusiastic encouragement made this project possible and enjoyable. The other two members of my committee, Dr. Paula Gerson and Dr. Jack Freiberg, provided valuable advice at the beginning of this study and again during the defense. Their participation is much appreciated. I would also like to thank two scholars working in Spain, Dr.a Maria del Carmen Lacarra Ducay and Alberto Aceldegui Apesteguia, both of whom were extremely generous with their time and advice for this project.
    [Show full text]
  • A Christian Arab Gospel Book in Its Mamluk Context (MSR XIII.2, 2009)
    lUcy-anne hUnt MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY A Christian Arab Gospel Book: Cairo, Coptic Museum MS Bibl. 90 in its Mamluk Context The illuminated manuscript of the Arabic Gospels (Cairo, Coptic Museum MS Bibl. 90) (figs. 1–6), written and illuminated in Mamluk Damascus in 1340, is a major expression of Christian religious and artistic practice and scholarship in the Mamluk period. This contribution aims to draw attention to the insight the manuscript offers into Christian cultural, artistic, and intellectual concerns of the middle of the fourteenth century. This will be undertaken through an assessment of the information that is known or can deduced about the book, and a discussion of aspects of its illumination, suggesting that its points of contact with both the Quran and other eastern Christian illuminated manuscripts indicate a discourse representing Arab Christian culture within, and sensitive to, its Islamic environment. While the manuscript has been known through brief surveys in the catalogues of Marcus Simaika Pasha and Georg Graf before the mid-twentieth century, a fuller description of the illumination in the light of the text is timely (see appendix 1). 1 In © The Middle East Documentation Center. The University of Chicago. 1 I am grateful to Madame Samiha Abd al-Shaheed, Chief Curator of Manuscripts of the Coptic Museum, Old Cairo, for facilitating my study of the manuscript. I am also grateful to Dr. Filiz Çağman and Dr. Banu Mahir at the Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi as well as Dr. Michel Garel at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris for enabling my study of other manuscripts discussed here.
    [Show full text]
  • The-Gutenberg-Museum-Mainz.Pdf
    The Gutenberg Museum Mainz --------------------------------------------------------------------- Two original A Guide Gutenberg Bibles and many to the other documents from the dawn of the age of printing Museum ofType and The most beautiful Printing examples from a collection of 3,000 early prints Printing presses and machines in wood and iron Printing for adults and children at the Print Shop, the museum's educational unit Wonderful examples of script from many countries of the world Modern book art and artists' books Covers and illustrations from five centuries Contents The Gutenberg Museum 3 Johannes Gutenberg- the Inventor 5 Early Printing 15 From the Renaissance to the Rococo 19 19th Century 25 20th Century 33 The Art and Craftmanship of the Book Cover 40 Magic Material Paper 44 Books for Children and Young Adults 46 Posters, Job Printing and Ex-Libris 48 Graphics Techniques 51 Script and Printing in Eastern Asia 52 The Development of Notation in Europe and the Middle East 55 History and Objective of the Small Press Archives in Mainz 62 The Gutenberg Museum Print Shop 63 The Gutenberg Society 66 The Gutenberg-Sponsorship Association and Gutenberg-Shop 68 Adresses and Phone Numbers 71 lmpressum The Gutenberg Museum ~) 2001 The Cutcnlx~rg Museum Mainz and the Cutcnbc1g Opposite the cathedral in the heart of the old part ofMainz Spons01ship Association in Germany lies the Gutenberg Museum. It is one of the oldest museums of printing in the world and This guide is published with tbc kind permission of the attracts experts and tourists from all corners of the globe. Philipp von Zahc1n publisher's in Mainz, In r9oo, soo years after Gutenberg's birth, a group of citi­ with regard to excLrpts of text ;md illustrations zens founded the museum in Mainz.
    [Show full text]
  • Hirschhorn – Ausbauvorschläge Für Den ÖPNV in Einer Grenzregion
    Hirschhorn – Ausbauvorschläge für den ÖPNV in einer Grenzregion Hirschhorn, Juli 2013 Hirschhorn mit seiner zentralen Lage und der Scharnierfunktion zwischen Neckartal, kleinem Odenwald, Oberzent und Überwald hat von der S - Bahn-Einführung zwar profitiert, aber leider wurden die Bus- Zu- und Abbringerverkehre bei der Einführung der S - Bahn ganz außer Acht gelassen. In der Folge sind zum einen die Park& Ride-Plätze überfüllt und zum anderen das Hinterland ungenügend angeschlossen. Die löbliche, spätere Einrichtung des Taktverkehrs in Richtung Wald -Michelbach und die Ausweitung des Busverkehrs in Richtung Ersheim sind nur ein erster Schritt. Der gegenwärtige Zustand ist weitgehend unakzeptabel, weil abgesehen vom S-Bahn-Anschluss die Hirschhorner Stadtteile und Nachbargemeinden nur schlecht mit dem ÖPNV erreicht werden können. Gebraucht wird ein Taktknoten Bahnhof Hirschhorn und mehrere Buslinien, die auf die S-Bahn fahren und der zentralen Lage Hirschhorns gerecht werden. Auch wenn die Stadt Hirschhorn, ebenso wie der Kreis Bergstraße unter dem Rettungsschirm des Landes stehen, also finanziell wenig Spielraum haben, sollte es doch möglich sein die ÖPNV-Infrastruktur zukunftsfähig zu gestalten oder zumindest die Weichen dafür zu stellen. Fördermittel müssen erfahrungsgemäß frühzeitig beantragt werden, wenn man nicht leer ausgehen will. Frühzeitige Planung ist also angezeigt. Auch neue Buslinien brauchen in der Regel eine Anschubfinanzierung bis die Bevölkerung sich auf die neuen Verbindungen eingestellt hat. Verbesserungsvorschläge betreffen zum einen den Bahnhof und die S-Bahn und zum anderen das Busliniennetz, u.a. mit Vorschlägen für zusätzliche Bushaltestellen. Anbindung auf der Schiene Auf der Neckartalbahn steigt die Nachfage, nicht nur bei der S - Bahn und wird Kapazitäts- erweiterungen erfordern. Zu den Stoßzeiten gibt es ab Hirschhorn werktags, bei Einfachtraktion, öfters keine Sitzplätze mehr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Written Heritage of the Muslim World Sabine Schmidtke An
    The Written Heritage of the Muslim World Sabine Schmidtke An enormous cultural heritage beyond reckoning Over the past decades, digital collections of texts produced by Muslim authors writing in Arabic during the premodern period have mushroomed. Major libraries include al-Maktaba al- Shāmila, currently containing some 7,000 books;1 Noor Digital Library, with 35,169 books to date;2 PDF Books Library, currently containing 4,355 books;3 Arabic Collections Online (ACO), providing access to 15,131 volumes;4 Shia Online Library, with 4,715 books; and5 al-Maktaba al- Waqfiyya, containing some 10 million pages of published books (in addition to a growing number of manuscript surrogates),6 to name only the most important ones. Moreover, since printing technologies were adopted in the Islamic world at a relatively late stage and slow rate, [fig. 1] much of the written cultural production of the Islamic world is until today preserved in manuscript form. And although there has been a steady rise in the publication of manuscript catalogs all over the Islamic world over the past one hundred years, much material is still unaccounted for, and discoveries of titles that were believed to be lost or that were entirely unknown regularly occur. In parallel, numerous libraries have started to digitize their collections of Islamic manuscripts, and a fair number among them provide open access to their holdings through institutional digital repositories, in addition to a growing number of online gateways to Islamic manuscripts.7 At the same time, what is available online, whether published or in manuscript form, is only the tip of the iceberg.
    [Show full text]