DOCSLIB.ORG

A First Edition of Breydenbach's Itinerary Author(S): William M. Ivins, Jr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A First Edition of Breydenbach's Itinerary Author(S): William M. Ivins, Jr A First Edition of Breydenbach's Itinerary Author(s): William M. Ivins, Jr. Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 10 (Oct., 1919), pp. 215-221 Published by: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3253592 Accessed: 05/09/2009 07:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mma. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. http://www.jstor.org BULLETIN OF THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART fell into the enemy's hands. An <anecdote A FIRST EDITION OF BREY- of this defeat is quoted by Mr. Riiggs in a DENBACH'S ITINERARY - letter to the writer. Genouilhac., itIL a..J-an_ peared, had drawn his artillery in,to effec- OF the several items received in the tive range and he was beginning th(3 battery Print Room during the last summer doubt- when he received an unexpected if not fatal less the most important and interesting command from the King to ceasse firing. is a tall and perfect copy of the first edition The order was unconditional .and the of Bernhard von Breydenbach's Itinerary artillerist obeyed, but not withoutt a burst of a Voyage by Sea to the Holy Sepulchre of herculean temper. In his rage Ihe seized (Hain No. 3956), written in Latin, and, the wheel of a cannon which w.as being according to the colophon, which is dated served by his side and lifting it he turned at the city of Mayence the eleventh day of the piece over and spurned it with his foot. February, 1486 (o. s.), printed by Erhard We may well believe Genouilhac at)le to ac- Reuwich. On the twenty-first of June, complish such a physical feat, if wze accept but little more than four months later, the tradition of his stature and strer igth, and Reuwich issued another and revised edition, especially if we consider the mocdest size this time in the German tongue, in which, of many early field cannon! On tthe other careful of his own renown, he procured the hand, we must fairly agree that this gest insertion of a casual though fuller reference could not have been witnessed by the pre- to himself: "Der Maler Erhart Reuwich sent armor, even assuming that so splendid geheissen, von Uttricht geboren, der all disz a suit would have been worn iii battle, gemelt yn diesem Buch hatt gemalet und since it was not completed until t,wo years die Truckery yn synem Husz volfuhret" after Pavia. It is said that Ge;nouilhac (the painter, called Erhard Reuwich, born was a prisoner to the Emperor fc)r nearly at Utrecht, who has drawn all that is two years, hence we can pleasantlIy picture contained in this book, and who carried him as a paroled state captive mziking his out the printing in his own house). home in Milan-then a delightful c;ity after From the introductions to these two first the artistic efforts of Sforza the Moor- editions we learn somewhat of the book, its and using his enforced leisure in o,verseeing writing and its illustration. Here, perhaps, the work upon the present harness. But the hand of Breydenbach himself, long we do not know, alas, that the ar'mor was chamberlain to the Prince-Bishop's courts produced in Italy. If designed -and exe- of law, is seen for the only time, his state- cuted in France, the work might wvell have ment so baldly complicated, so full of the been carried on by the armorer diiring the legal characteristic, that for full apprecia- absence of his patron. We are cionvinced tion we must forego traducing into modern that the present panoply took at Ileast two English and quote from that contemporary years in the making; indeed, it rnay well version which Jehan de Hersin put forth have cost its maker double this t ime. In in French at Lyons in the following year: this event the order for the present harness "Et afin que le dit voyage fut n5 pas a may have been given before the descent moy seulement mais aux autres tres deuotz of the French host into Italy and the work et vertueux cresties vtile et profitables et finished only after Genouilhac's rreturn to que leurs cueurs peusse plus atirer a deuo- France. But these are mere conljectures. cion et de tout ce q est necessaire savoir What cannot be questioned is that the pour faire le dit voyage ay a grat diligece present armor is of regal splend,or: it is c5sidere veu et regarde le escripuant de richer, in fact, than the harnesses o f Francis point en point ne espargnant point ma I which have come down to us. We are labeur ny argent ny or pour ce faire et fortunate, therefore, in being ablle to ex- mettre afin pour laquelle chose mieulx hibit in our collection so complete a panoply faire voulis mener auec moy et de fait illustrating, as it does, the art olf the ar- menay ung singulier et fort expert paintre morer during an excellent period. nome Erhardus revvich du trec, leql depuis B. D. le port de venise iussques en hierusalem 215 BULLETIN OF THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART toutes les villes places pors et autres singu- set are described at sufficient length in lieres choses especialement ou sont les Jehan de Hersin's quaint old French ver- reliques ou saintuaires des sains et de nostre sion-sufficient because it contains all that seigneur a grat diligece a mis par figures is known of him, except that his name ap- espresses et figurates les dittes choses moult pears as printer of three editions of the elegament et delectablemet a voir et regar- Itinerary and of no other books. The most der et les ay fait mettre par lettres vul- interesting of all the facts stated is one that gaires et en latin par ung grant clerq a by itself means nothing until traced down mon plaisir et selon mon aduis c6me il in bibliographies, one that Breydenbach, faloit laqlle euure parfaicte ay imprimer Reuwich, and their contemporaries re- pour q plus facilemet fut a chescun q le garded as a matter for thanksgiving-and vouldra auoir c6munique et plaise a dieu that was the completion of printing, an de sa grace q au salut et pourfit salutaire event which happened, in Reuwich's glad diceulx puist estre Amen." and hasty Latin "Anno salutis. M.cccc. We get further information from the lxxxvi. die. xi Februarij Finit Feliter." account of the pilgrimage written by Felix Finit feliciter, happily ended, it was beyond Fabri, a monk taken along by Breyden- doubt, but so hastily that he misspelled bach, who calls him "multa expertus," the record of his happiness. The biblio- because he had made the trip before. Fa- graphies make this date even more mem- bri says in one place, "The book of the orable than happy, since, many as were the pilgrimage of the Lord Bernhard von books previously printed, this is the earliest Braitenbach . which hath been instance in which it is possible to say with written in ornate style by that celebrated complete assurance that the illustrations Doctor of Divinity, Master Martin Roth, in a book were made by a definite man regent of the school of Heidelberg . whose name we know; and, because of this, There he will find clearly set forth all this book is the document with which be- that I have said before: he will find what gins the history, as distinct from the legend I have expressed in many words put into and the surmises, of woodcutting. few, and will find a duplicate of my book Luckily the illustrations themselves are of pilgrimage and wandering, with the ex- also very interesting, rather unexpectedly ception that sometimes I have been forced living up to the interest they receive from by the plan of my work purposely to alter the historical facts surrounding their mak- the days, saying 'This was done on such ing. The most important of them are a day' whereas he says it was done on the large views of Venice, Parenzo, Corfu, another day: wherein there is no violence Modon, Crete, Rhodes, and Jerusalem, or discrepancy, seeing that when we read and the map of the Holy Land, which are the Scriptures we find the same thing to so big that they had to be folded, the first have been done by the Evangelists." time this was done in a printed book.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and Feathered Amerindians
    Colonial Latin American Review ISSN: 1060-9164 (Print) 1466-1802 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ccla20 Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and feathered Amerindians Elizabeth Hill Boone To cite this article: Elizabeth Hill Boone (2017) Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and feathered Amerindians, Colonial Latin American Review, 26:1, 39-61, DOI: 10.1080/10609164.2017.1287323 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2017.1287323 Published online: 07 Apr 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 82 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ccla20 Download by: [Library of Congress] Date: 21 August 2017, At: 10:40 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN REVIEW, 2017 VOL. 26, NO. 1, 39–61 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2017.1287323 Seeking Indianness: Christoph Weiditz, the Aztecs, and feathered Amerindians Elizabeth Hill Boone Tulane University In sixteenth-century Europe, it mattered what one wore. For people living in Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Italy, clothing reflected and defined for others who one was socially and culturally. Merchants dressed differently than peasants; Italians dressed differently than the French.1 Clothing, or costume, was seen as a principal signifier of social identity; it marked different social orders within Europe, and it was a vehicle by which Europeans could understand the peoples of foreign cultures. Consequently, Eur- opeans became interested in how people from different regions and social ranks dressed, a fascination that gave rise in the mid-sixteenth century to a new publishing venture and book genre, the costume book (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Bosphorus: the Holy Land in English Reformation Literature, 1516-1596
    BEYOND THE BOSPHORUS: THE HOLY LAND IN ENGLISH REFORMATION LITERATURE, 1516-1596 Jerrod Nathan Rosenbaum A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Jessica Wolfe Patrick O’Neill Mary Floyd-Wilson Reid Barbour Megan Matchinske ©2019 Jerrod Nathan Rosenbaum ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Jerrod Rosenbaum: Beyond the Bosphorus: The Holy Land in English Reformation Literature, 1516-1596 (Under the direction of Jessica Wolfe) This dissertation examines the concept of the Holy Land, for purposes of Reformation polemics and apologetics, in sixteenth-century English Literature. The dissertation focuses on two central texts that are indicative of two distinct historical moments of the Protestant Reformation in England. Thomas More's Utopia was first published in Latin at Louvain in 1516, roughly one year before the publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses signaled the commencement of the Reformation on the Continent and roughly a decade before the Henrician Reformation in England. As a humanist text, Utopia contains themes pertinent to internal Church reform, while simultaneously warning polemicists and ecclesiastics to leave off their paltry squabbles over non-essential religious matters, lest the unity of the Church catholic be imperiled. More's engagement with the Holy Land is influenced by contemporary researches into the languages of that region, most notably the search for the original and perfect language spoken before the episode at Babel. As the confusion of tongues at Babel functions etiologically to account for the origin of all ideological conflict, it was thought that the rediscovery of the prima lingua might resolve all conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewer—Qualities That Both Appealed to an International Market, Particularly Spain, and Correlated with Contemporary Devotional Practices
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 Fashioning Schongauer: The Appropriation of Martin Schongauer's Engravings in Aragón Carolina Alarcon Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE AND DANCE FASHIONING SCHONGAUER: THE APPROPRIATION OF MARTIN SCHONGAUER’S ENGRAVINGS IN ARAGÓN By CAROLINA ALARCON A Thesis submitted to the Department of Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Carolina Alarcon defended on April 4, 2011. ____________________________ Stephanie Leitch (Professor Directing Thesis) ____________________________ Paula Gerson (Committee Member) ____________________________ Jack Freiberg (Committee Member) Approved: ____________________________ Adam Jolles, Chair, Department of Art History ____________________________ Sally McRorie, Dean, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Stephanie Leitch for introducing me to the world of prints. Her continued support, sage advice and enthusiastic encouragement made this project possible and enjoyable. The other two members of my committee, Dr. Paula Gerson and Dr. Jack Freiberg, provided valuable advice at the beginning of this study and again during the defense. Their participation is much appreciated. I would also like to thank two scholars working in Spain, Dr.a Maria del Carmen Lacarra Ducay and Alberto Aceldegui Apesteguia, both of whom were extremely generous with their time and advice for this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The-Gutenberg-Museum-Mainz.Pdf
    The Gutenberg Museum Mainz --------------------------------------------------------------------- Two original A Guide Gutenberg Bibles and many to the other documents from the dawn of the age of printing Museum ofType and The most beautiful Printing examples from a collection of 3,000 early prints Printing presses and machines in wood and iron Printing for adults and children at the Print Shop, the museum's educational unit Wonderful examples of script from many countries of the world Modern book art and artists' books Covers and illustrations from five centuries Contents The Gutenberg Museum 3 Johannes Gutenberg- the Inventor 5 Early Printing 15 From the Renaissance to the Rococo 19 19th Century 25 20th Century 33 The Art and Craftmanship of the Book Cover 40 Magic Material Paper 44 Books for Children and Young Adults 46 Posters, Job Printing and Ex-Libris 48 Graphics Techniques 51 Script and Printing in Eastern Asia 52 The Development of Notation in Europe and the Middle East 55 History and Objective of the Small Press Archives in Mainz 62 The Gutenberg Museum Print Shop 63 The Gutenberg Society 66 The Gutenberg-Sponsorship Association and Gutenberg-Shop 68 Adresses and Phone Numbers 71 lmpressum The Gutenberg Museum ~) 2001 The Cutcnlx~rg Museum Mainz and the Cutcnbc1g Opposite the cathedral in the heart of the old part ofMainz Spons01ship Association in Germany lies the Gutenberg Museum. It is one of the oldest museums of printing in the world and This guide is published with tbc kind permission of the attracts experts and tourists from all corners of the globe. Philipp von Zahc1n publisher's in Mainz, In r9oo, soo years after Gutenberg's birth, a group of citi­ with regard to excLrpts of text ;md illustrations zens founded the museum in Mainz.
    [Show full text]
  • Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
    Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Damiata (Egypt) Stock#: 33955 Map Maker: Schedel Date: 1493 Place: Nuremberg Color: Uncolored Condition: VG Size: 9.5 x 5.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: Interesting fanciful view of Damiata in Egypt, from the Latin edition of Schedel's Liber Chronicarum. Hartmann Schedel's Liber Chronicarum: Das Buch der Croniken und Geschichten (commonly referred to as the Nuremberg Chronicle, based upon the city of its publication), was the first secular book to include the style of lavish illustrations previously reserved for Bibles and other liturgical works. The work was intended as a history of the World, from Creation to 1493, with a final section devoted to the anticipated Last Days of the World. It is without question the most important illustrated secular work of the 15th Century and its importance rivals the early printed editions of Ptolemy's Geographia and Bernard von Breydenbach's Perengrinatio in Terram Sanctam, in terms of its importance in the development and Drawer Ref: Poland Stock#: 33955 Page 1 of 3 Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Damiata (Egypt) dissemination of illustrated books in the 15th Century. Published in Nuremberg by Anton Koberger, the book was printed in Latin and 5 months later in German (translated by George Alt), and enjoyed immense commercial success. A reduced size version of the book was published in 1497, in Augsburg, by Johann Schonsperger.
    [Show full text]
  • Protestants in Palestine: Reformation of Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
    Protestants in Palestine: Reformation of Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Clark, Sean Eric Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 23:45:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312483 PROTESTANTS IN PALESTINE: REFORMATION OF HOLY LAND PILGRIMAGE IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES by Sean Eric Clark ____________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2013 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Sean Eric Clark, titled Protestants in Palestine: Reformation of Pilgrimage in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (18 October, 2013) Susan C. Karant-Nunn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (18 October, 2013) Ute Lotz-Heumann _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (18 October, 2013) Paul Milliman Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Medieval Illustrated Jerusalem Travelogue by Paul Walter Von Guglingen
    Mediterranean Historical Review ISSN: 0951-8967 (Print) 1743-940X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fmhr20 Encounters with the Levant: the late medieval illustrated Jerusalem Travelogue by Paul Walter von Guglingen Marianne P. Ritsema van Eck To cite this article: Marianne P. Ritsema van Eck (2017) Encounters with the Levant: the late medieval illustrated Jerusalem Travelogue by Paul Walter von Guglingen, Mediterranean Historical Review, 32:2, 153-188, DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2017.1396769 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2017.1396769 © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 05 Jan 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 197 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fmhr20 Mediterranean Historical Review, 2017 Vol. 32, No. 2, 153–188, https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2017.1396769 Encounters with the Levant: the late medieval illustrated Jerusalem Travelogue by Paul Walter von Guglingen Marianne P. Ritsema van Eck* Department of Medieval History, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands The late medieval illustrated Jerusalem travelogue by the Franciscan friar Paul Walther von Guglingen has heretofore received scant scholarly attention, perhaps owing to the unusual nature of some of its images. Guglingen charts decidedly Isla- mic spaces with his maps and plan, instead of the conventional sacred shrines of Christianity; these topographical features are interlaced with personal travelling experiences. Illustrations of flora and fauna encountered along the way are the result of careful observation, and meticulous recording.
    [Show full text]
  • A Holy Land for the Catholic Monarchy: Palestine in the Making of Modern Spain, 1469–1598
    A Holy Land for the Catholic Monarchy: Palestine in the Making of Modern Spain, 1469–1598 A dissertation presented by Adam G Beaver to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2008 © 2008 Adam G Beaver Advisor: Prof. Steven E. Ozment Adam G Beaver A Holy Land for the Catholic Monarchy: Palestine in the Making of Modern Spain, 1469–1598 ABSTRACT Scholars have often commented on the ‘biblicization’ of the Spanish Monarchy under Philip II (r. 1556–1598). In contrast to the predominantly neo-Roman image projected by his father, Charles I/V (r. 1516/9–1556), Philip presented himself as an Old Testament monarch in the image of David or Solomon, complementing this image with a program of patronage, collecting, and scholarship meant to remake his kingdom into a literal ‘New Jerusalem.’ This dissertation explores how, encouraged by the scholarly ‘discovery’ of typological similarities and hidden connections between Spain and the Holy Land, sixteenth-century Spaniards stumbled upon both the form and content of a discourse of national identity previously lacking in Spanish history. The dissertation is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, I examine three factors—the rise of humanist exegesis, a revitalized tradition of learned travel, and the close relationship between the crown and the Franciscan Order—that contributed to the development of a more historicized picture of the Holy Land in sixteenth-century Spanish sources. In Chapter Two, I focus on the humanist historian Ambrosio de Morales’ efforts to defend the authenticity of Near Eastern relics in Spanish collections.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Hospitaller Rhodes (Ca
    Staging Holiness: The Case of Hospitaller Rhodes (ca. 1309–1522) Mediterranean Art Histories studies in visual cultures and artistic transfers from late antiquity to the modern period Series Editors Hannah Baader (Kunsthistorisches Institut, Florence) Michele Bacci (University of Fribourg) Gerhard Wolf (Kunsthistorisches Institut, Florence) volume 3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mah Staging Holiness: The Case of Hospitaller Rhodes (ca. 1309–1522) By Sofia Zoitou LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. The publication was financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). Cover illustration: A Rhodian Judas coin, silver and silver gilt, Metropolitan Cathedral Museum, Mdina. Photo by Mario Gauci, courtesy of the Metropolitan Cathedral, Mdina, Malta. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Zoitou, Sofia, author. Title: Staging holiness : the case of Hospitaller Rhodes (ca. 1309–1522) / by Sofia Zoitou. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2021] | Series: Mediterranean art histories - studies in visual cultures and artistic transfers from late antiquity to the modern period, 2213–3399 ; volume 3 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Images in Travel Writing Stephanie Leitch
    29 Visual Images in Travel Writing stephanie leitch As important elements of the visual apparatus of books, images in travel literature embellish stories and entice buyers. Depictions of peoples and prospects in these accounts inflect readers’ sense of place, establish authors’ reputation for truth-telling, and create fervour for travel, both real and imagined. In the early modern period, establishing otherness was an impor- tant function of travel illustration, but such strategies evolved as the European marketplace for print took shape. Accounts of Marco Polo and Sir John Mandeville populated remote areas with images of monstrous peoples whose marginal humanity reinforced their distance from a moral and theological centre.1 As reports of human populations supplanted those of monsters in the text, images of marvellous beings soon gave way to stock images of peoples that also survived repeated retellings through recycling. Once anchored as features of travel accounts, depictions of peoples were shaped by increasing specificity. These newly descriptive images enhanced the author’s credibility; the authoritative nature of these images, in turn, reshaped narrative strategies. In sixteenth- and seventeenth-century accounts, images became central to certifying the author’s eyewitness claims. Illustrations accompanying eighteenth- and nineteenth-century travelogues served as visual warrants that underwrote scientific missions. As travel images increasingly posited the traveller as a first-hand observer, they helped establish empirical inquiry as a method and even stabilised subjects for investigation. 1 Rudolf Wittkower, ‘Marvels of the East: A Study in the History of Monsters’, ed. E. H. Gombrich, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 5 (1942), 159–97 (esp.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernhard Von Breydenbach's Pilgrimage to the Holy Land (1488)
    Bernhard von Breydenbach’s Pilgrimage to the Holy Land (1488) A Selection from the Dutch Edition of His Travel Journal Introduced, Edited and Annotated by Stephanie Teunisse Leiden University MA Thesis Media Studies Book and Digital Media Studies S1313649 31 August 2015 First reader: Prof. dr. P.G. Hoftijzer Second reader: Prof. dr. W. van Anrooij 1 For my family, My awesome parents, lovely grandparents and favorite aunt and uncle. *Sigh* … Finally… 2 3 Preface Having studied Dutch Literature and Linguistics in Amsterdam with a specialty in Medieval Literature, it came as no surprise that the old books from the special library collections would again have a certain appeal to me during my masters program in Leiden. I was sure to broaden my studies by choosing Book and Digital Media Studies, with an emphasize on the digital aspect. I even tried to write my thesis about the the Digital Humanities, but who was I kidding? My passion would always remain with Literature and Book Studies. However, the digital media aspect of the course had intrigued and inspired me. Why not combine the two for this thesis project. The moment I realized this, was the moment I finally started making progress. It is ms Fleur Praal whom I have to thank for this epiphany, she supported me during a whole year during which I made hardly any progress with my thesis. Next, I would like to thank professor Hoftijzer for his patience and guidance as my first reader and professor Van Anrooij for stepping in as the second reader. In addition I would like to express my gratitude for Alex, who was nice enough to bring Bernhard von Breydenbach to life in his drawings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Realism of Erhard Reuwich's
    ECA 8 (2011), p. 15-28; doi: 10.2143 / ECA.8.0.2961363 The Realism of Erhard Reuwich’s Cityscape of Jerusalem (1486) Louis VAN EMPELEN INTRODUCTION praise the realism of the woodcuts and the great art historical value of the cityscapes and harbour Around the year 1450 some views of Jerusalem in scenes. They point out that the view of Jerusalem French and Flemish manuscripts for the first time is the first realistic cityscape of the Holy City with displayed a certain degree of correspondence with an accurate topography and a reliable perspective5. reality1. The miniaturists who drafted these illustra- However, this laudatory opinion is hardly substan- tions did not strive for accurate topographic repre- tiated by arguments. Some deviations from reality sentation because their emphasis lay on the spiritual were noticed by these authors which primarily value of the Holy City2. At the end of the fifteenth cover the embedding of Jerusalem in the map but century a noticeable change occurred in the degree not the city itself. The recent work of Frederike of realism of portraits of Jerusalem. The progress Timm, which stresses the importance of an accu- reached its first apotheosis with a woodcut by rate comparison with reality, also discusses the city- Erhard Reuwich, a Dutch engraver and printer who scape of the Jerusalem only superficially6. There- worked mainly in Mainz (Fig. 1). fore, she does not notice a number of deviations. The dates and places of Reuwich’s birth and The present contribution is an attempt to fill this death are unknown and the remainder of his bio- gap; this paper focuses on the extent to which the graphy is uncertain.
    [Show full text]