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WALLACE ORDERING The Essential Truth INFORMATION LABORATORIES About PAM ‰ Polyacrylamide (PAM) And Micronized presents PAM Conditioners (2003) @ $49.95 + shipping/handling ISBN: 0-937892-15-7 PAM does one simple thing. Hardcover, 365 pages plus xvi

It stabilizes soil structure. A Miracle-like Story Other Books Available: This one simple thing, however, has far

reaching implications that ultimately ‰ Closing the -Yield Gap Through Better Soil and Better Management- lead to increased crop yield, higher POLYACRYLAMIDE The Law of the Maximum (2003) profits, and a safer environment. @ $18.95 + shipping/handling

(PAM) AND ISBN: 0-937892-14-9 Soft cover, 162 pages plus xiv MICRONIZED PAM ‰ Soil Conditioner and Amendment SOIL Technologies, Vol. 1 (1995) @ $49.95 + shipping/handling CONDITIONERS ISBN: 0-937892-12-2 Hardcover, 340 pages plus xii − 50 YEARS OF PROGRESS ‰ Soil Conditioner and Amendment December 2003 Technologies, Vol. 2 (1997) @ $64.95 + shipping/handling ISBN: 0-937892-13-0 by “Micronized PAM” Hardcover, 451 pages plus vii Arthur Wallace Garn A. Wallace Please add 8.25% sales tax in California. Order from:

Present use of PAM and Validation Past – Present -- Future WALLACE LABORATORIES

365 Coral Circle PAM is used on more than a million acres This unique volume features scientific, El Segundo, CA 90245 annually for control of soil erosion and increase email: [email protected] technical, and practical information on mineral, in crop production. Its use has been validated phone: (310) 615-0116 fax: (310) 640-6863 organic, and synthetic conditioners and their and proved to be safe and very friendly to the website: www.bettersoils.com or beneficial effects of the soil physical properties www.soilenhance.com environment. that promote optimal growth, maximize

, and enhance other inputs. PAM can be a farmer’s or gardener’s best friend.

Table of Contents (Partial) Why use PAM? Financial value of PAM can be several times the cost of • (PAM is polyacrylamide) treatment. As high as 25 times have been reported and Addressing the potential for higher crop yields with around 10 times is very common. Different purposes sometimes require different best management practices. application procedures. • Water-soluble polymer (PAM) soil conditioners on Why use the Micronized form of PAM? physical properties of soil and some benefits. PAM stabilizes soil structure: (small particle sizes) • Some crop and soil responses to water-soluble 1. Increases water infiltration (up to 50%). 1. It goes into solution almost instantaneously polymer (PAM) soil conditioners. 2. Increases soil aeration and drainage. depending on particle size. • Advantages of Micronized PAM (MPAM). 3. Decreases water run-off. 2. When used dry, there are more particles mixed into a pound of soil. • Water-soluble polymer (PAM) gaining momentum 4. Prevents crusting and compaction. 3. When made into a slurry it is more potent than in erosion control. 5. Stops wind and water erosion (up to 99%). when put into various solutions. • Water-soluble polymer (PAM) can increase water- 6. Makes friable soil that is easy to cultivate. use efficiency. 7. Makes soil workable sooner after rain or Some ways to use PAM and Micronized PAM • Fugitive dust and its control. irrigation. • Soil preparation for landscaping with PAM. 8. Increases bulk density of soil. 1. In irrigation water- sprinkler and furrow • Fate of the residual monomer, acrylamide, in These can translate to: irrigation. water-soluble polyacrylamide, and potential of both 1. Runoff of sediment containing soil, , 2. Tilled into soil. for toxicity when applied to soil. some nutrients, weed seed, and microbes is 3. In a hydroseeder. • Historical highlights in the achievement of high- prevented. 4. On seed. yield . 2. Increased crop yields (up to 57%). 5. With anhydrite . • A listing of over 50 years of publications and 3. Decreased water usage (up to 50%). 6. With solution. reports concerning synthetic polymer soil 4. Earlier germination and crop maturity (3 to 20 7. In drip irrigation. conditioners for land improvement. days). • 8. In transplant holes. Magnification of the value of and other 5. Increased plant size and population. soil amendments with polyacrylamide. 6. More vigorous with more extensive root • What are PAM and Micronized PAM? Possible mechanisms for binding of water-soluble systems. polymer (PAM) to clay. 7. Greater response to and amendments PAM or polyacrylamide is a polymer meaning • The gypsum, organic matter, polymer triangle. (33% or more). that several simple molecules are joined • Excerpts from a 1972 Review of Synthetic Soil 8. Increased value from added organic matter. together to make a long chain of them. Conditioners Dr. W. H. Gardner. Examples of polymers in nature are starch and 9. Less plant disease related to poor soil aeration. proteins. Microbes produce polymers called • Organic and farming vs polyacrylamide 10. Decreased energy requirements for tillage. polysaccharides that function in soil to soil conditioners. 11. Enhanced quality of produce. improve the ability of plants to grow in soil. • Some questions and answers about water-soluble 12. Decreased dust down to near zero. PAM is much more effective than polyacrylamide (PAM). polysaccharides. PAM is a mixture of two 13. Decreased adverse effects of sodicity. • Need for solution or exchangeable and/or simple molecules combined so that about critical ECe level for flocculation of clay by 14. Soil salt easier to leach from soil. 200,000 of them make one long molecule. It is polyacrylamides. 15. Near 100% success in tree and shrub a copolymer because of the two different kinds of simple molecules that are used. Micronized • Gypsum is Almost a Universal Soil Amendment. transplanting. 16. Root harvest cleaner. PAM is a very small particle size of PAM in micron size of 28 to 150 microns. 17. Clay are easier to manage.