DOCSLIB.ORG

Biochar As Soil Amendment Impact on Soil Properties and Sustainable Resource Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biochar As Soil Amendment Impact on Soil Properties and Sustainable Resource Management Biochar as Soil Amendment • José María De Rosa la Biochar as Soil Amendment Impact on Soil Properties and Sustainable Resource Management Edited by José María De la Rosa Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Agronomy www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy Biochar as Soil Amendment Biochar as Soil Amendment Impact on Soil Properties and Sustainable Resource Management Special Issue Editor Jos´e Mar´ıa De la Rosa MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editor Jose´ Mar´ıa De la Rosa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas (IRNAS-CSIC) Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy/special issues/soil biochar amendment). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-274-6 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-275-3 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Biochar as Soil Amendment” ................................ ix Marco Racioppi, Maria Tartaglia, Jos´e Mar´ıa De la Rosa, Mauro Marra, Elisa Lopez-Capel and Mariapina Rocco Response of Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties to Biochar Application: Effect on Hormone and Gene Expression Involved in Germination and Growth Reprinted from: Agronomy 2020, 10, 5, doi:10.3390/agronomy10010005 ............... 1 Prakriti Bista, Rajan Ghimire, Stephen Machado and Larry Pritchett Biochar Effects on Soil Properties and Wheat Biomass vary with Fertility Management Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 623, doi:10.3390/agronomy9100623 ............... 13 Beatriz G´amiz, Kathleen Hall, Kurt A. Spokas and Lucia Cox Understanding Activation Effects on Low-Temperature Biochar for Optimization of Herbicide Sorption Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 588, doi:10.3390/agronomy9100588 ............... 23 Chen-Chi Tsai and Yu-Fang Chang Carbon Dynamics and Fertility in Biochar-Amended Soils with Excessive Compost Application Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 511, doi:10.3390/agronomy9090511 ............... 39 Domenico Ronga, Enrico Francia, Giulio Allesina, Simone Pedrazzi, Massimo Zaccardelli, Catello Pane, Aldo Tava and Cristina Bignami Valorization of Vineyard By-Products to Obtain Composted Digestate and Biochar Suitable for Nursery Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Production Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 420, doi:10.3390/agronomy9080420 ............... 55 Ot´avio dos Anjos Leal, Deborah Pinheiro Dick, Jos´e Mar´ıa de la Rosa, Daniela Piaz Barbosa Leal, Jos´e A. Gonz´alez-P´erez, Gabriel Soares Campos and Heike Knicker Charcoal Fine Residues Effects on Soil Organic Matter Humic Substances, Composition, and Biodegradability Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 384, doi:10.3390/agronomy9070384 ............... 77 Marina Paneque, Heike Knicker, Jurgen ¨ Kern and Jos´e Mar´ıa De la Rosa Hydrothermal Carbonization and Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge: Effects on Lolium perenne Germination and Growth Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 363, doi:10.3390/agronomy9070363 ............... 93 Samieh Eskandari, Ali Mohammadi, Maria Sandberg, Rolf Lutz Eckstein, Kjell Hedberg and Karin Granstr¨om Hydrochar-Amended Substrates for Production of Containerized Pine Tree Seedlings under Different Fertilization Regimes Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 350, doi:10.3390/agronomy9070350 ...............105 Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye, Subhan Danish, Mazhar Abbas, Maqshoof Ahmad and Tariq Muhammad Munir ACC Deaminase Producing PGPR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Agrobacterium fabrum along with Biochar Improve Wheat Productivity under Drought Stress Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 343, doi:10.3390/agronomy9070343 ...............123 v Khaled D. Alotaibi and Jeff J. Schoenau Addition of Biochar to a Sandy Desert Soil: Effect on Crop Growth, Water Retention and Selected Properties Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 327, doi:10.3390/agronomy9060327 ...............139 Alessandro Calamai, Enrico Palchetti, Alberto Masoni, Lorenzo Marini, David Chiaramonti, Camilla Dibari and Lorenzo Brilli The Influence of Biochar and Solid Digestate on Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) Productivity and Essential Oil Quality Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 260, doi:10.3390/agronomy9050260 ...............153 Takafumi Konaka, Shin Yabuta, Charles Mazereku, Yoshinobu Kawamitsu, Hisashi Tsujimoto, Masami Ueno and Kinya Akashi Use of Carbonized Fallen Leaves of Jatropha Curcas L. as a Soil Conditioner for Acidic and Undernourished Soil Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 236, doi:10.3390/agronomy9050236 ...............167 Supitrada Kumputa, Patma Vityakon, Patcharee Saenjan and Phrueksa Lawongsa Carbonaceous Greenhouse Gases and Microbial Abundance in Paddy Soil under Combined Biochar and Rice Straw Amendment Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 228, doi:10.3390/agronomy9050228 ...............181 Sara de Jesus Duarte, Bruno Glaser and Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Effect of Biochar Particle Size on Physical, Hydrological and Chemical Properties of Loamy and Sandy Tropical Soils Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 165, doi:10.3390/agronomy9040165 ...............193 Cosmas Wacal, Naoki Ogata, Daniel Basalirwa, Takuo Handa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Robert Acidri, Tadashi Ishigaki, Masako Kato, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto and Eiji Nishihara Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 55, doi:10.3390/agronomy9020055 ................209 Wen-Tien Tsai, Po-Cheng Huang and Yu-Quan Lin Characterization of Biochars Produced from Dairy Manure at High Pyrolysis Temperatures Reprinted from: Agronomy 2019, 9, 634, doi:10.3390/agronomy9100634 ...............229 vi About the Special Issue Editor Jos´e Mar´ıa De la Rosa, (Dr.), is a researcher at The Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS) from the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas, CSIC). He obtained his B.S. and a Ph.D. degrees in Chemistry, both from the University of Seville, receiving the best Ph.D. thesis award (2007) from the same university. He is an expert in soil chemistry, focusing on the properties and mechanisms of stable forms of organic matter. His research on the application of biochar and other forms of pyrogenic organic matter as soil amendment is widely recognized. In the past, he held a postdoctoral position at the Technical University of Munich (TUM, Germany) and at the Instituto Superior Tecnico´ of the University of Lisbon (IST-ITN, Portugal). Since 2012, he has worked in the Biogeochemistry Department at IRNAS-CSIC, where he has been a principal researcher in 7 projects and created a research line dedicated to the design and application of novel organic amendments for the improvement of agricultural soils and carbon stabilization. Dr. De la Rosa has published over 65 scientific papers, 25 book chapters, and 4 books and has given numerous presentations at international conferences and meetings. He has received several awards for his research on sustainable agriculture and on the mechanisms of C and N stabilization in pyrogenic organic matter. vii Preface to ”Biochar as Soil Amendment” The role of biochar in improving soil fertility is increasingly being recognized and is leading to recommendations of biochar amendment of degraded soils. In addition, biochars offer a sustainable tool for managing organic wastes and to produce added-value products. The benefits of biochar use in agriculture and forestry can span enhanced plant productivity, an increase in soil C stocks, and a reduction of nutrient losses from soil and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, biochar composition and properties and, therefore, its performance as a soil amendment are highly dependent on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. In addition, due to its characteristics, such as high porosity, water retention, and adsorption capacity, there are other applications for biochar that still need to be properly tested. Thus, the 16 original articles contained in this book, which were selected and evaluated for this Special Issue, provide a comprehensive overview of the biological, chemicophysical, biochemical, and environmental aspects of the application of biochar as soil amendment. Specifically, they address the applicability of biochar for nursery growth, its effects on the productivity of various food crops under contrasting conditions, biochar capacity for pesticide retention, assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil carbon dynamics. I would like to thank the contributors, reviewers, and the support of the Agronomy editorial staff, whose professionalism and dedication have made this issue possible. Jos´e Mar´ıa De la Rosa Special
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dendrometric Analysis of Early Development of Eucalyptus Urophylla X Eucalyptus Grandis with Gypsum Use Under Subtropical Conditions
    Floresta e Ambiente 2020; 27(1): e20190095 https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.009519 ISSN 2179-8087 (online) Original Article Silviculture Dendrometric Analysis of Early Development of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis with Gypsum use Under Subtropical Conditions Carla Fernanda Ferreira1, Marcos Vinicius Martins Bassaco2 , Milena Pereira3, Volnei Pauletti3, Stephen Arthur Prior4 , Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta3 1Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ensino Superior dos Campos Gerais – CESCAGE, Ponta Grossa/PR, Brasil 2 Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Faculdades FATI-FAJAR, Jaguariaíva/PR, Brasil 3Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Curitiba/PR, Brasil 4ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, USA ABSTRACT Gypsum can be used as a source for calcium (Ca) and sulphurum (S) for plants, as well as an acid, that is, a natural soil conditioner. Aiming to determine the influence of gypsum on the development of Eucalyptus urograndis in Brazil, an experiment was conducted at two locations in Paraná State. Experiments were conducted with rates of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 Mg ha-1 to verify the method of broadcast planting in a randomized block design with four repetitions. Diameter and height of plants were measured every six months and volume was determined after 36 months. There was a difference in Eucalyptus growth between the two areas, possibly related to differences in planting season and climate. Gypsum did not influence on the dendrometric growth of Eucalyptus trees. The lack of a response to gypsum, as a source of Ca, S and soil conditioner, was discussed based on soil type, Eucalyptus tolerance to soil acidity, and climatic conditions in the period evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Opens in a New Windowguidelines for Pesticide Registration
    GUIDELINES FOR PESTICIDE REGISTRATION CONTROL OF PLANTS ACT, CHAPTER 57A. Control of Plants (Registration of Pesticides) Rules. General Information A. All agricultural pesticide1 products used in the cultivation of plants intended for sale must be registered with the Singapore Food Agency (SFA).These include pesticide-containing biostimulant/fertilizer/soil conditioner. Biostimulant/fertilizer/soil conditioner which does not contain pesticide, or pesticide products for other purposes, including export, and industrial, public hygiene, landscaping and household uses, do not require registration with SFA. Pesticides used for the formulation of pesticide products also do not require registration with SFA. B. Any person who manufactures, imports, distributes, supplies or sells any pesticide products and who is conducting business in Singapore which is registered under the Business Names Registration Act 2014, or any company incorporated under the Companies Act, may apply for the registration of pesticide products for use in the agricultural farms in Singapore. C. Before applying for registration of a pesticide product with SFA, applicants are required to check whether the import of the pesticide for local use is allowed by the following agencies: i) Pollution Control Department (PCD) of the National Environment Agency (NEA) for import, export and sale of chemical pesticides that are listed as hazardous substances ii) Plant Health Services of the National Parks Board (NParks) for import of biological pesticides and organic fertilizers [Please check with NEA if you intend to register pesticides for vector control purposes.] D. If applicants are dealing with pesticides that are listed in the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA), a copy of the Hazardous Substances Licence issued by the PCD/NEA must accompany the application.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sustainable Approach for Improving Soil Properties and Reducing N2O Emissions Is Possible Through Initial and Repeated Biochar Application
    agronomy Article A Sustainable Approach for Improving Soil Properties and Reducing N2O Emissions Is Possible through Initial and Repeated Biochar Application Ján Horák 1,* , Tatijana Kotuš 1, Lucia Toková 1, Elena Aydın 1 , Dušan Igaz 1 and Vladimír Šimanský 2 1 Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (L.T.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (D.I.) 2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Recent findings of changing climate, water scarcity, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions have brought major challenges to sustainable agriculture worldwide. Biochar application to soil proves to be a suitable solution to these problems. Although the literature presents the pros and cons of biochar application, very little information is available on the impact of repeated application. In this study, we evaluate and discuss the effects of initial and reapplied biochar (both in rates of 0, 10, and 20 t ha−1) combined with N fertilization (at doses of 0, 40, and 80 kg ha−1) on soil properties and N O emission from Haplic Luvisol in the temperate climate zone (Slovakia). Results showed that 2 biochar generally improved the soil properties such as soil pH(KCl) (p ≤ 0.05; from acidic towards Citation: Horák, J.; Kotuš, T.; Toková, moderately acidic), soil organic carbon (p ≤ 0.05; an increase from 4% to over 100%), soil water L.; Aydın, E.; Igaz, D.; Šimanský, V.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Recognize Plant Disorders Caused by Nonbiological Agents: a Guidebook
    DENR Recommends Volume 8 HOW TO RECOGNIZE PLANT DISORDERS CAUSED BY NONBIOLOGICAL AGENTS: A GUIDEBOOK by ERANEO B. LAPIS APOLINARIA T. CORNEJO MARCELINA V. PACHO Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau Department of Environment and Natural Resources College, Laguna 4031 Introduction Most forest tree seedlings are reared in nurseries before outplanting in the field. This is to produce healthy seedlings with compact fibrous roots and vigorous leaves that can withstand adverse conditions when transplanted. There are many practices done in the nursery. For example, seeds are treated or given appropriate treatments, i.e., scarification, chilling, boiling, etc., before sowing on prepared seedboxes/seedbeds. After a few weeks, seedlings are transplanted to individual pots and watered when necessary. Organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied after root establishment. Occasional weeding is done to devoid the plants of competition for soil nutrient. When grown on large scale, irrigation is practiced to enhance the effectiveness of fertilizers and herbicides that require moist soil. When insects and/or diseases are present, usually the seedlings are immediately sprayed with insecticides/fungicides with the hope of eliminating the pest/disease. The nursery man does this often as he thinks it is necessary. Despite rigorous care, plants still suffer from many disorders due to diseases caused by either nonbiological or biological factors. In many instances, these practices are the same factors that lead to plant abnormalities, which are noninfectious, especially when the nurseryman is careless or does not have sufficient knowledge on the occurrence and causal factors of noninfectious diseases. This handbook, therefore, serves as a guide for nurserymen in the proper identification and diagnoses of the causal factors of noninfectious diseases of seedlings in the nursery or young outplanted seedlings from where appropriate control and/or preventive measures against these diseases could be based.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Conditioner Recovery Product Construction Amendment
    Guaranteed Analysis DIRECTIONS FOR USE Total Nitrogen (N) ...........................1.0% 0.5% Water Soluble Nitrogen Aerification Available Phosphate (P2O5) ................0% Renovate Plus is a recommended aerification Soluble Potash (K2O) ......................1.0% product. A wide range of application rates can Calcium (Ca) .................................5.0% be made depending on the desired outcome. Iron (Fe) .........................................2.0% Recommended rates are 10 to 25 pounds of Renovate P Renovate Plus Renovate product per 1,000 sq. ft. dragged into aeration Ingredients: CARBON BASED FERTILITY holes followed by watering the soil surface. L Compost, kelp, bone meal, greensand, rock Sod & Seed Establishment U phosphate, calcium sulfate, zeolites, humates. Apply Renovate Plus directly to the soil surface and scarify into the top inch or two of soil. Information regarding the contents and levels S Recommended rates are 10 to 25 pounds of of metals in this product is available on the e way s product per 1000 sq. ft. Internet at: g th ince http://www.aapfco.org/metals.htm din 19 Sand Construction Amendment ea 88 Up to 800 pounds of Renovate Plus per 1000 L sq. ft. worked into the top 6 to 8 inches of sand is recommended for sand root zone construc- tion. A complete chemistry soil testing protocol should accompany all construction programs including a particle size analysis. Lawn Care and Turf Maintenance Apply 10 to 25 pounds of product per 1000 sq. ft. as a top dressing ideally accompanied with TM surface spiking. On the weakest areas use the higher rates and water in thoroughly. Ornamental Planting Renovate Plus is a recommended planting amendment for woody ornamentals, perennials and annuals.
    [Show full text]
  • HQ Eurocorps
    26th Feb. 2015 Brussels Subcommittee on Security and Defence Lieutenant-general BUCHSENSCHMIDT Commander Eurocorps EUROCORPS, a tool for the European Union, NATO and UN Use it or lose it ! 1 EUROCORPS is an Army Corps Headquarters: Similar to its sister HRF HQs but also Unique in its kind Has reached a turning point in its existence. 2 CENTRAL LOCATION WITHIN HRF COMMUNITY 3 RAPIDLY DEPLOYABLE OPERATIONAL NRF 7 NRF 15 A UNIQUE STATUS 1992, La Rochelle : a political will Directly subordinated to CHODs and POL DIR 2009, Treaty of Strasbourg : Financial and legal autonomy A UNIQUE SUBORDINATION Common Committee (CoCo) Auditing Air Committee Eurocorps Committee Committee (AUDITCOM) (ECC) (ACEC) Naval Budget & Coordination Financial Info Info Board Committee (NCB) (BFC) ANs ANs Security Info Committee ANs Expert Groups (ECSC) HQ EC ECSAB Resources Board EC HQ Board A UNIQUE GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION European Parliament A European capital Council of Europe European Court of Human Rights Strasbourg Higher education center National School of Administration (ENA) University of Strasbourg Institute of Political Studies (IEP) Council of Europe 8 Force structure Total Eurocorps: Permanent XXX +/- 1100 HQ 400 X MN 700 MNCS MN II I I HQSPT Signal CIS MN DEU MN X DEU/FRA FGB Other TCN 5 000 Privileged Force generated Capabilities 9 A UNIQUE MULTINATIONAL STRUCTURE 5 6 Framework Nations Germany Belgium France Luxembourg Spain • Mastered multinationality • Responsibility and burden sharing • Lower cost for each nation 3 Associated Nations AN ENHANCED MULTINATIONALITY
    [Show full text]
  • Permaculture in Humid Landscapes
    II PERMACULTURE IN HUMID LANDSCAPES BY BILL MOLLISON Pamphlet II in the Permaculture Design Course Series PUBLISHED BY YANKEE PERMACULTURE Publisher and Distributor of Permaculture Publications Barking Frogs Permaculture Center P.O. Box 52, Sparr FL 32192-0052 USA Email: [email protected] http://www.permaculture.net/~EPTA/Hemenway.htm Edited from the Transcript of the Permaculture Design Course The Rural Education Center, Wilton, NH USA 1981 Reproduction of this Pamphlet Is Free and Encouraged Pamphlet II Permaculture in Humid Landscapes Page 1. The category we are in now is hu- mid landscapes, which means a rain- fall of more than 30 inches. Our thesis is the storage of this water on the landscape. The important part is that America is not doing it. The humid landscape is water con- trolled, and unless it is an extremely new landscape- volcanic or newly faulted--it has softly rounded out- lines. When you are walking up the valley, or walking on the ridge, ob- serve that there is a rounded 'S' shaped profile to the hills. Where the landscape turns from convex to concave occurs a critical Having found the keypoint, we can now treat the whole landscape as if it were a roof and point that we call a keypoint.* a tank. The main valley is the main flow, from the horizontal, we put in a nomically store water. It is a rather with many little creeks entering. At groove around the hill. This is the deep little dam, and we need a fair the valley head where these creeks highest point at which we can work amount of Earth to build it.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 the Effects of Soil Properties on Plant Physiology Wayne Blizzard Department of Botany University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801
    Chapter 2 The Effects of Soil Properties on Plant Physiology Wayne Blizzard Department of Botany University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801 Wayne Blizzard received his B.S. degree in botany at the University of California-Davis and the M.S. degree in botany at the Uni- versity of Illinois-Urbana. He is presently Visiting Teaching As- sociate in the Department of Botany at the University of Illinois- Urbana. His professional interests include the development of in- structional media for science education, particularly the develop- ment of “practical science” materials for lay persons. 17 17 17 18 Soil Properties Introduction These exercises examine the physiological needs of plant roots and how the properties of soils, non-soil potting materials, and containers affect the physiology of plants. This project was developed for our college-level intro- ductory botany course for non-science majors “Botany 102: Plants, Environ- ment & Man”. It teaches scientific principles and the practical plant culturing skills that are derived from those principles. The project could be easily adapted for use in a high school biology course through a simplification of the principles (if needed) or by putting greater emphasis on skill learning. The project uses a variety of teaching methods: informal lecture, dem- onstrations, student activities and manual skills, visual displays with self- paced questions, class discussion, and take-home evaluation questions. Each method and activity is meant to cover one or more learning objectives (below), Class time is 50 minutes. Set-up is approximately four hours. The plants used in the exercise should be started five to seven weeks in advance.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Soil Organic Matter for a Sustainable Organic Crop Production
    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service PSS-2257 Building Soil Organic Matter for a Sustainable Organic Crop Production Kefyalew Girma Former Assistant Professor/Sustainable Agriculture Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: Hailin Zhang http://osufacts.okstate.edu Professor Warren Roberts Benefi ts of Soil Organic Matter Associate Professor The content of SOM in an organic crop production system is the most important factor because it is the primary nutrient Organic Matter Matters! supplier and soil conditioner. Organic matter in the soil bal- Organic matter (OM) normally constitutes less than 5 ances various chemical and biological processes and helps to percent of most mineral soils. The majority of Oklahoma soils maintain soil quality parameters at an ideal level. It improves actually have only about 1 percent OM, but it is a key factor water infi ltration rate and water-holding capacity. It serves in determining the health of a soil. In principle, all organic as a reservoir of nutrients and water and supplies them to materials can be changed to soil organic matter (SOM) and crops when needed. Organic matter plays a signifi cant role can supply nutrients as well as “condition” the soil. Organic in keeping disease and insect pests at low levels by boosting matter is defi ned as any non-living organism, or product of a crop vigor and modifying the rhizosphere. Soils that are rich living organism on the surface or in the soil. Through decom- in SOM also have a high cation exchange capacity (CEC). position, organic materials added to a soil change to SOM Organic matter contains many negatively charged surfaces while releasing nutrients.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management
    Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management Bearbeitet von Dinesh K. Maheshwari 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XII, 333 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 23464 4 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 684 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Entwicklungsbiologie > Bakteriologie (nichtmedizinisch) Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Chapter 2 The Management of Soil Quality and Plant Productivity in Stressed Environment with Rhizobacteria Dilfuza Egamberdieva 2.1 Introduction The urgency of feeding the world’s growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization, and desertification has given plant and soil productivity research vital importance. Under such circumstances, it requires suitable biotech- nology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of plant roots and soil microorganisms (Lugtenberg et al. 2002). Interest in bacterial fertilizers has increased, as it would substantially reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which often contribute to the pollution of soil–water ecosystems. Presently, about 20 biocontrol products based on Pseu- domonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Agrobacterium strains have been commercialized, but there still is a need to improve the efficacy of these biocontrol products (Copping 2004; Chebotar et al. 2000; Lugtenberg and Kamilova 2004). Soil salinity disturbs the plant–microbe interaction, which is a critical ecological factor to help further plant growth in degraded ecosystems (Paul and Nair 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • How to Make Your Own Potting Soil
    Genesee County Master Gardener Newsletter DOWN TO EARTH 2016 Inside this issue: FEATURE ARTICLE 1 HOME GROWN 3 COOKS CORNER 4 FEATURE ARTICLE MASTER GARDENER 7 ASSOCIATION MEET- How to Make Your Own Potting FALL INTO SPRING 6 Soil MEETING MINUTES 7 RECOGNITION 8 Packaged potting soils are a terrific convenience, but their cost adds up fast in a busy garden. Last year, I paid $7 per 22-quart HOW TO MAKE A 9 NIGHTCRAWL- bag for my favorite, McEnroe Organic, is a fair price but neverthe- ERWORM FARM less dollars out the door. Making only about half of the potting soil I used saved me around $60. Next year, when my pile of rotting EL NIÑO EFFECTS IN 11 sawdust matures, I hope to be potting soil self-sufficient. OUR AREA Potting soil self-sufficiency is good for your pocketbook, your plants DATES TO REMEM- 12 and the planet, and you actually gain convenience by always hav- BER ing potting soil ready when you need it. If you have soil and com- MGAGCM OFFICERS 13 post, you’ve got the basic ingredients for making your own potting soil. In place of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite (the three lead- MSU Extension—Genesee County ing ingredients in bagged potting soil), you can simply combine is an education agency funded jointly by Genesee County through your best soil with cured compost, leaf mold, rotted sawdust (from the Board of Commissioners, by untreated wood) or a long list of other organic ingredients. Prepare the state through Michigan State some small batches, mix it with store-bought stuff to stretch your University, and federally through the United States Department of supply, and gradually make the transition to what potting soil Agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • International Military Sports Council Conseil International Du Sport Militaire Consejo International Del Deporte Militar
    2018 National Championship Belgian Defence Shooting March 26th – March 30th, 2018 Marche-en-Famenne - Belgium INTERNATIONAL MILITARY SPORTS COUNCIL CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DU SPORT MILITAIRE CONSEJO INTERNATIONAL DEL DEPORTE MILITAR INVITATION FILE 2018 Belgian Defence National Shooting Championship (Dynamic shooting, no CISM sport) 26th March – 30th March 2018 MARCHE-EN-FAMENNE / Belgium Belgian Delegation to CISM Department Operations and Training Division Support Eversestraat, 1 1040 EVERE - BRUSSELS Friendship through Sport 2018 National Championship Belgian Defense Shooting March 26th – March 30th, 2018 Marche-en-Famenne - Belgium To the Chief of the CISM Delegation of: Estonia France Germany Luxemburg The Netherlands Spain Russia Colonel Bruno Wolfenberger, President CSC Shooting Dear Chief of Delegation, On behalf of the Belgian Defense, the Belgian Delegation to CISM has the honor to invite a mission representing the armed forces of your country to the 2018 National Championship Defense Shooting (Dynamic Shooting) in MARCHE-EN-FAMENNE during the period of March 26th – March 30th. This championship is organized by the Belgian LAND COMPONENT. Brussels, January 17th, 2017 1 7 / 0 1 / 2 0 1 8 X Signed by: Leon Symoens (Signature) Leon SYMOENS Colonel Military Administrator Chief of the Belgian Delegation to CISM ENCLOSED: - Annex 1 - Preliminary Agreement please send back not later than February, the 1st 2018 - Annex 2a - Final Entry please send back not later than March, the 01st 2018 - Annex 2b - Composition of Mission please send
    [Show full text]