Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management
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A Sustainable Approach for Improving Soil Properties and Reducing N2O Emissions Is Possible Through Initial and Repeated Biochar Application
agronomy Article A Sustainable Approach for Improving Soil Properties and Reducing N2O Emissions Is Possible through Initial and Repeated Biochar Application Ján Horák 1,* , Tatijana Kotuš 1, Lucia Toková 1, Elena Aydın 1 , Dušan Igaz 1 and Vladimír Šimanský 2 1 Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (L.T.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (D.I.) 2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Recent findings of changing climate, water scarcity, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions have brought major challenges to sustainable agriculture worldwide. Biochar application to soil proves to be a suitable solution to these problems. Although the literature presents the pros and cons of biochar application, very little information is available on the impact of repeated application. In this study, we evaluate and discuss the effects of initial and reapplied biochar (both in rates of 0, 10, and 20 t ha−1) combined with N fertilization (at doses of 0, 40, and 80 kg ha−1) on soil properties and N O emission from Haplic Luvisol in the temperate climate zone (Slovakia). Results showed that 2 biochar generally improved the soil properties such as soil pH(KCl) (p ≤ 0.05; from acidic towards Citation: Horák, J.; Kotuš, T.; Toková, moderately acidic), soil organic carbon (p ≤ 0.05; an increase from 4% to over 100%), soil water L.; Aydın, E.; Igaz, D.; Šimanský, V. -
How to Recognize Plant Disorders Caused by Nonbiological Agents: a Guidebook
DENR Recommends Volume 8 HOW TO RECOGNIZE PLANT DISORDERS CAUSED BY NONBIOLOGICAL AGENTS: A GUIDEBOOK by ERANEO B. LAPIS APOLINARIA T. CORNEJO MARCELINA V. PACHO Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau Department of Environment and Natural Resources College, Laguna 4031 Introduction Most forest tree seedlings are reared in nurseries before outplanting in the field. This is to produce healthy seedlings with compact fibrous roots and vigorous leaves that can withstand adverse conditions when transplanted. There are many practices done in the nursery. For example, seeds are treated or given appropriate treatments, i.e., scarification, chilling, boiling, etc., before sowing on prepared seedboxes/seedbeds. After a few weeks, seedlings are transplanted to individual pots and watered when necessary. Organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied after root establishment. Occasional weeding is done to devoid the plants of competition for soil nutrient. When grown on large scale, irrigation is practiced to enhance the effectiveness of fertilizers and herbicides that require moist soil. When insects and/or diseases are present, usually the seedlings are immediately sprayed with insecticides/fungicides with the hope of eliminating the pest/disease. The nursery man does this often as he thinks it is necessary. Despite rigorous care, plants still suffer from many disorders due to diseases caused by either nonbiological or biological factors. In many instances, these practices are the same factors that lead to plant abnormalities, which are noninfectious, especially when the nurseryman is careless or does not have sufficient knowledge on the occurrence and causal factors of noninfectious diseases. This handbook, therefore, serves as a guide for nurserymen in the proper identification and diagnoses of the causal factors of noninfectious diseases of seedlings in the nursery or young outplanted seedlings from where appropriate control and/or preventive measures against these diseases could be based. -
Chapter 2 the Effects of Soil Properties on Plant Physiology Wayne Blizzard Department of Botany University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801
Chapter 2 The Effects of Soil Properties on Plant Physiology Wayne Blizzard Department of Botany University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801 Wayne Blizzard received his B.S. degree in botany at the University of California-Davis and the M.S. degree in botany at the Uni- versity of Illinois-Urbana. He is presently Visiting Teaching As- sociate in the Department of Botany at the University of Illinois- Urbana. His professional interests include the development of in- structional media for science education, particularly the develop- ment of “practical science” materials for lay persons. 17 17 17 18 Soil Properties Introduction These exercises examine the physiological needs of plant roots and how the properties of soils, non-soil potting materials, and containers affect the physiology of plants. This project was developed for our college-level intro- ductory botany course for non-science majors “Botany 102: Plants, Environ- ment & Man”. It teaches scientific principles and the practical plant culturing skills that are derived from those principles. The project could be easily adapted for use in a high school biology course through a simplification of the principles (if needed) or by putting greater emphasis on skill learning. The project uses a variety of teaching methods: informal lecture, dem- onstrations, student activities and manual skills, visual displays with self- paced questions, class discussion, and take-home evaluation questions. Each method and activity is meant to cover one or more learning objectives (below), Class time is 50 minutes. Set-up is approximately four hours. The plants used in the exercise should be started five to seven weeks in advance. -
How to Make Your Own Potting Soil
Genesee County Master Gardener Newsletter DOWN TO EARTH 2016 Inside this issue: FEATURE ARTICLE 1 HOME GROWN 3 COOKS CORNER 4 FEATURE ARTICLE MASTER GARDENER 7 ASSOCIATION MEET- How to Make Your Own Potting FALL INTO SPRING 6 Soil MEETING MINUTES 7 RECOGNITION 8 Packaged potting soils are a terrific convenience, but their cost adds up fast in a busy garden. Last year, I paid $7 per 22-quart HOW TO MAKE A 9 NIGHTCRAWL- bag for my favorite, McEnroe Organic, is a fair price but neverthe- ERWORM FARM less dollars out the door. Making only about half of the potting soil I used saved me around $60. Next year, when my pile of rotting EL NIÑO EFFECTS IN 11 sawdust matures, I hope to be potting soil self-sufficient. OUR AREA Potting soil self-sufficiency is good for your pocketbook, your plants DATES TO REMEM- 12 and the planet, and you actually gain convenience by always hav- BER ing potting soil ready when you need it. If you have soil and com- MGAGCM OFFICERS 13 post, you’ve got the basic ingredients for making your own potting soil. In place of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite (the three lead- MSU Extension—Genesee County ing ingredients in bagged potting soil), you can simply combine is an education agency funded jointly by Genesee County through your best soil with cured compost, leaf mold, rotted sawdust (from the Board of Commissioners, by untreated wood) or a long list of other organic ingredients. Prepare the state through Michigan State some small batches, mix it with store-bought stuff to stretch your University, and federally through the United States Department of supply, and gradually make the transition to what potting soil Agriculture. -
BASIC PLANT STRUCTURE Forms of Plant Stress
ISSUE 30 2015 MAGAZINE FOR SERIOUS GROWERS BASIC PLANT STRUCTURE Forms of plant stress GARROOF DENING Veggies from the roof GARLIC CHIVES Wonderful edible flowers And more: Don & Nicky Factographic P Pests & Diseases Puzzle & Win Grower’s Tip Questions & Answers Foreword Let’s geek out... Oh no.... it’s that time of the year again! Summer is behind us and when we look ahead, we can see the HQautumn and winter approaching.Talk: It is always nicer to look forward to some nice weather than the cold, the easy way. dark days of winter. But to give us a better feeling let’s just focus on the great summer we had. A summer full of joy! CANNA was present at Boardmasters where the best BMXers and Skaters showed off their most amazing tricks on the CANNA Midi Ramp and where you could relax and enjoy the lovely views of Monitor, data log, control and remotely view pH, conductivity Watergate Bay. What a great time we all had down on the Cornish coast. But now it’s back to business again as we have been preparing a lot this summer.... and temperature. Especially for you, the CANNA Researchers woke up early in order to handle the heat in the greenhouses and finish writing all their articles in time. They might have suffered a little pre-deadline stress but did Fast, wireless data straight from the grow site to your PC, with the you know a plant can also suffer from different forms of stress and physiological disorders? Yes, it’s true! option for mobile device access. -
AAPFCO Product Label Guide
AAPFCO Product Label Guide Association of American Plant Food Control Officials 2019 www.aapfco.org Table of Contents List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………….………………....i Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Label Defined .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Fertilizers ................................................................................................................................................. 2 General Requirements .................................................................................................................... 2 Types of Fertilizers ........................................................................................................................... 2 Basic Label Components ................................................................................................................. 3 Brand ................................................................................................................................................................3 Grade.................................................................................................................................................................3 Guaranteed Analysis ...................................................................................................................................3 -
The Effect of Different Doses of N Fertilization on the Parameters of Soil Organic Matter and Soil Sorption Complex
Journal of Ecological Engineering Volume 18, Issue 3, May 2017, pages 104–111 DOI: 10.12911/22998993/69366 Research Article THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF N FERTILIZATION ON THE PARAMETERS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND SOIL SORPTION COMPLEX Vladimír Šimanský1, Peter Kováčik2, Jerzy Jonczak3 1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia 3 Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland Received: 2017.06.03 ABSTRACT Accepted: 2017.04.05 Mineral N fertilizer application may have an effect on soil organic matter and other Published: 2017.05.02 soil parameters. Therefore, we studied the effects of different doses of N fertilization on soil organic matter and chemical properties of Haplic Luvisol in the locality of Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) during 2014–2016. Soil samples were collected from the plots exposed to the following treatments: 1. N0 – no N fertilization as control dur- ing 2014–2016, 2. N40 – N fertilizer at the rate of 40 kg N ha–1 in 2014 and 2016, 3. N80 – N fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg N ha–1 in 2014 and 2016, 4. N160 – N fertilizer at the rate of 160 kg N ha–1 in 2015, and 5. N240 – N fertilizer at the rate of 240 kg N ha–1 in 2015. -
CATEGORIES Tec-7415 Formulations LLC) Cuf-5832 Crop Products Agrinos B Sure 0.5-0-0.5 (Agrinos Inc.) Agz- Biofusion Nitro-Fusion Organic Macros 10519 (Biofusion, S.A
OMRI has determined the following products Pro-Pell-It! Alfalfa Meal Non-Pelletized AMINOVA 65 Fertilizante Orgánico / Polvo are allowed for use in accordance with Fertilizer 2.5-0-2.5 (Marion Ag Service, Inc.) (Zare Agrhos) zar-4368 National Organic Program (NOP) standards, mas-10028 ArgiLife 72 - Organic Fertilizer Input Based for the use indicated and in keeping with any TRUE Organic Products, Inc True Alfalfa on Hydrolyzed Proteins, Arginine Glutamine applicable use with their USDA-accredited Meal (True Organic Products, Inc.) top-8991 Peptides (Suboneyo Chemicals & certifying body before using any new Pharmaceuticals P. Limited) scp-6474 products. Updated May 9, 2019. Amino Acids B Sure (Agrinos Inc.) agz-10520 AgriBest VitaFull Best Regulador de BenVireo Botanic Dry 16-0-0 (Wilbur-Ellis crecimiento y vigorizante vegetal Líquido Company, LLC) wec-12056 Soluble (Tecnologías Agribest, S.A. de C.V.) Bio Beast Plant Nitrogen 13-0-0 (Custom CATEGORIES tec-7415 Formulations LLC) cuf-5832 Crop Products Agrinos B Sure 0.5-0-0.5 (Agrinos Inc.) agz- BioFusion Nitro-Fusion Organic Macros 10519 (Biofusion, S.A. de C.V.) bif-10866 Agrinos B Sure 0.5-0-0.5 Liquid Concentrate BioLife HN14 Organic Nitrogen 14-0-0 Crop Fertilizers and Soil (Agrinos S.A. de C.V. (aka Bioderpac S.A. de Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer Based on Amendments C.V.)) agh-6434 Hydrolyzed Proteins (Suboneyo Chemicals & Agrinos B Sure Liquid Concentrate (Agrinos Pharmaceuticals P. Limited) scp-3869 Activated Charcoal S.A. de C.V. (aka Bioderpac S.A. de C.V.)) BioLife S80 Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer agh-6544 Based on Hydrolyzed Proteins, Amino Acids Black Owl Biochar Environmental Ultra Agrinos HYTb 0.5-0-0.5 Liquid Concentrate (Suboneyo Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals P. -
Revisiting the Standard Soil Test: the Potential of Macro- and Microbiological Measures to Improve Agricultural Health and Productivity
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations Fall 2019 Revisiting the Standard Soil Test: The Potential of Macro- and Microbiological Measures to Improve Agricultural Health and Productivity Gabriel Jacob Kenne Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Health Commons Recommended Citation Kenne, G. J.(2019). Revisiting the Standard Soil Test: The Potential of Macro- and Microbiological Measures to Improve Agricultural Health and Productivity. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/5547 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REVISITING THE STANDARD SOIL TEST: THE POTENTIAL OF MACRO- AND MICROBIOLOGICAL MEASURES TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY by Gabriel Jacob Kenne Bachelor of Science University of Nebraska at Omaha, 2008 Master of Public Health Kansas State University, 2013 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Health Sciences The Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina 2019 Accepted by: R. Sean Norman, Major Professor Anindya Chanda, Committee Member Robin “Buz” Kloot, Committee Member Geoff Zehnder, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright Gabriel Jacob Kenne, 2019 All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT The agricultural ecosystem has become the largest non-ice-covered terrestrial ecosystem on the planet and has significant direct and indirect impacts on the global health of both the environment and humanity. -
Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: a Critical Review
sustainability Review Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review Ugo De Corato Department of Bioenergy, Biorefinery and Green Chemistry (TERIN-BBC-BIC), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 70124 Bari, Italy; [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0831-201-616 Abstract: This review pays attention to the newest insights on the soil microbiome in plant disease- suppressive soil (DSS) for sustainable plant health management from the perspective of a circular economy that provides beneficial microbiota by recycling agro-wastes into the soil. In order to increase suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens, the main goal of this paper is to critically discuss and compare the potential use of reshaped soil microbiomes by assembling different agricultural practices such as crop selection; land use and conservative agriculture; crop rotation, diversifica- tion, intercropping and cover cropping; compost and chitosan application; and soil pre-fumigation combined with organic amendments and bio-organic fertilizers. This review is seen mostly as a comprehensive understanding of the main findings regarding DSS, starting from the oldest concepts to the newest challenges, based on the assumption that sustainability for soil quality and plant health is increasingly viable and supported by microbiome-assisted strategies based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods that characterize in depth the soil bacterial and fungal communities. This approach, together with the virtuous reuse of agro-wastes to produce in situ green composts and organic bio-fertilizers, is the best way to design new sustainable cropping systems in a circular economy system. -
Table S1. Microbiological Tools in Agriculture, Available on the Markets in 2021 with Published Field Test Reports
Table S1. Microbiological tools in agriculture, available on the markets in 2021 with published field test reports. Name Species Organism type Application Target Reference Ladurner, E., Benuzzi, M., Fiorentini, F., & Lucchi, A. (2012). Efficacy of Amylo-X®, a new fungicide/bactericide based on Controls gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Amylo-X Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PGPR biocontrol Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in D747 for the control of microbial grapes, apple,pPear, strawberry plant pathogens. Giornate Fitopatologiche 2012, Milano Marittima (RA), 13-16 marzo 2012, 229-236. Woo, S. L., Ruocco, M., Vinale, F., Nigro, M., Marra, R., Lombardi, N., ... Control of damping-off, seed and root, Trichoderma viride, & Lorito, M. (2014). Trichoderma- ANOKA mix biocontrol nematode wilt in vegetable, tuber, Pseudomonas fluorescens based products and their widespread cotton, chilli crops use in agriculture. The Open Mycology Journal, 8(1). Shishkoff, N., & McGrath, M. T. (2002). AQ10 biofungicide combined Controls powdery mildews in grapes, AQ10 with chemical fungicides or AddQ Ampelomyces quisqalis M-10 soil fungi biocontrol apples, aubergine, tomatoes, strawberry, Biofungicide spray adjuvant for control of cucurbit cucumber powdery mildew in detached leaf culture. Plant Disease, 86(8), 915-918. Alafeea, R. A. A., Alamery, A. A., & Kalaf, I. T. (2019). Effect of bio Improves nitrogen availability in maize fertilizers on increasing the efficiency Azotovit Azotobacter chroococcum PGPR biofertilizer and broccoli of using chemical fertilizers on the yield component of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Archives, 19(2), 303-306. Katai, J., Sandor, Z., & Tallai, M. (2008). The effect of an artificial and a Azospirillum brasilense, bacterium fertilizer on some soil Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus Improves nutrient acquisition on BactoFil A10 mix biofertilizer characteristics and on the biomass of megaterium, B. -
Crop Fertilizers and Soil Amendments
OMRI Products List, Web Edition Crop Products Crop Fertilizers and Amino Acids – nonsynthetic Anaerobic Digestate – from HYTB BioAmin Regulador de manure feedstock Soil Amendments crecimiento no sintético Products of anaerobic digestion produced Concentrado Líquido (Bioderpac with manure feedstocks are subject to the Activated Charcoal S.A. de C.V.) same restrictions as raw, uncomposted manure. They may only be (i) applied to ψ Vertro Biochar (Vertrolysis, LLC) PHL (Dadelos, SL) land used for a crop not intended for Black Owl™ 100% Pure & Taba (Kan biosys Pvt. Ltd) human consumption; (ii) incorporated into Natural Biochar (Biochar the soil not less than 120 days prior to the AMINOVA 65 Compuesto de Supreme, LLC) harvest of a product whose edible portion Aminoácidos (Zare Agrhos) has direct contact with the soil surface or Alfalfa Meal or Pellets Biodiversity Organic Nitrogen 12- soil particles; or (iii) incorporated into the 0-0 (BioDiversity Products Inc) soil not less than 90 days prior to the Down to Earth Alfalfa Meal 2.5- harvest of a product whose edible portion 0.5-2.5 (Down To Earth BioLife S80 Organic Nitrogen does not have direct contact with the soil Distributors, Inc.) Fertilizer Based on Hydrolyzed surface or soil particles. Proteins, Amino Acids (Suboneyo Magic Dirt Organic Garden and Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals P. Potting Mix (Cenergy USA, Inc.) Limited) BioPro S81 Organic Nitrogen Animal By-products and Fertilizer based on Hydrolyzed Materials Proteins, Amino Acids (Suboneyo Foster Farms Protein Meal 8-1-0 Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals P. (Foster Farms) Limited) Healthy Plant Shrimp Shell All Ferti-Organic Ferti-Nitro Plus Purpose Organic Fertilizer Plant Nitrogen 13.62-0-0 (Ferti- (Healthy Plant, LLC) Organic, Inc.) Pacific Gro® Shrimp Meal GroGreenIt™ Nitro Solutions (Pacific Gro, LLC) (Natural Solutions, Inc.) Grower's Secret Nitrogen for Organic Production Grower's Secret Nitrogen 12-0-0 (Grower's Secret, Inc.) Gruindag Organoamin (Gruindag International, S.A.