DOCSLIB.ORG

Baltic Sea Monitoring Near Lithuanian Coast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Baltic Sea Monitoring Near Lithuanian Coast Baltic Sea monitoring near Lithuanian coast Sabina Solovjova Senior specialist in Biological Analysis Division Marine Research Department Environment Protection Agency Taikos pr. 26, Klaipeda LT-91149 Lithuania [email protected] Marine Research Department The Center of Marine Research was founded in 1992 as a subordinate institution to the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania (before it was Klaipėda’s Hydrometeobservatory) Since 2010 the Center of Marine Research runs as a department of Environment Protection Agency . Structure of Marine Research Department 1. Hydrology Division 2. Hydrochemistry Division 3. Biological Analysis Division 4. Analytic Control Division 5. Data Management and Programs Division 6. Technical Maintenance Division Main activities (1) • Organization, coordination and implementation of the state environmental monitoring of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. • Collection, analysis and evaluation of data and information about natural processes in the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon, the impact of anthropogenic activity on the state of the environment and living organisms. • Implementation of the state environmental monitoring of surface fresh water and air quality in the western part of Lithuania. • Obtaining and storage of the operative information from coastal hydrometeorological stations. • Management and investigation of special ecological situations (oil and other pollutants spills, water ‘blooms', fish death, floods, coastal erosion, etc.). • Modelling of the ecosystems of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. Main activities (2) • Laboratory control of the pollution sources like industrial objects in the western region of Lithuania. • Implementation of EC Water Framework Directive in the coastal and transitional waters. • Participation in the international (HELCOM) monitoring programme and in other international projects of HELCOM, ICES, BOOS, EUROGOOS, SEA-SEARCH, COHIBA, CHEMSEA and others. • Organisation and maintenance of the Marine Environmental Data Fund, registration of monitoring and scientific research in the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon, storage of data and reports. • Submission of data and information to Lithuanian administrative, academic and scientific institutions, public, Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), European Environmental Agency (EEA), European Commission (EC). Main activities Monitoring of the Special ecological Baltic Sea situations Monitoring of the Curonian Lagoon Laboratory control of wastewaters Marine Research Coastal line Department dinamics Control of mobile pollution sources Monitoring of rivers Air quality monitoring Monitoring of lakes Previous research vessel „Vėjas“ (Baltic Sea) R/V "Vėjas" Produced: 1980 m Displacement: 1124 t Lenght: 55,6 m Width: 9,3 m Drought: 4,3 m Mean speed: 9 knots Number of laboratories: 7 Number of crew members: 12 Scientific group: 20 - 25 G. Ežerskis New research vessel „Vėjūnas“ Water sampling Modified ZoBelo water sampler Plastic Water Sampler A rosette of water samplers with CTD Lithuanian monitoring stations in the Baltic Sea and Curonian Lagoon Hard bottom area Sampling equipment for the macrozoobenthos Van Veen grab sampler (75 kg, sampling area of 0.1 m2) Sampling of biota with draga and diving Hard bottom: • Samples are collected with Van Veen from the hard bottom since 1981. • Depths – 12-28 m, salinity - 4-7 ‰ • Bottom - gravel, boulder, coarse sand, stones. • 5 monitoring stations (1, 2, 1B, B-1, B-4). Number of Number of Total abundance, Total biomass (wet Station samples taxons ind./m2 weigth), g/m2 1 15 33 60-104589 0,012-2846,5 2 14 37 40-75485 1,22-2398,08 1B 23 35 90-46300 0,9-3743,9 B-1 19 20 750-18330 7,96-130,9 B-4 4 15 100-28044 0,03-1254,1 46 taxons were found in total : Saduria entomon Electra crustulenta Crangon crangon Laomedea loveni Bathyporeia pilosa Laomedea flexuosa Gammarus sp. Cordylophora caspia Gammarus salinus Turbellaria sp. Gammarus oceanicus Planaria torva Gammarus Dendrocoelum lacteum inaequicauda Nemertini sp. Gammarus zaddachi Manajunkia aestuarina Gammarus tigrinus Fabricia sabella Corophium volutator Bylgides sarsi Chelicorophium Hediste diversicolor curvispinum Pygospio elegans Obesogammarus Marenzelleria neglecta crassus Streblospio shrubsoli Palaemon elegans Oligochaeta Hydrobia spp. Nais sp. Hydrobia ulvae Amphibalanus improvisus Theodoxus fluviatilis Neomysis integer Mytilus edulis trossulis Praunus inermis Macoma balthica Mysis mixta Mya arenaria Mysis relicta Cardium glaucum Jaera albifrons Chironomidae Asellus aquaticus Hydracarina • Since 2008 monitoring on the hard bottom are made ​​by scuba diving. • Samples are taken according to „Guidelines for monitoring of phytobenthic plant and animal communities in the Baltic Sea“ Annex-C9 for HELCOM COMBINE programme (26 March 1999) http://www.helcom.fi/stc/files/Combi neManual/PartC/AnnexC9.pdf • Samplings are done once a year in the station near Palanga town (N 55,91773 E 21,03769) • Depth – 3,5-5 m, salinity - 4-7 ‰ • The results are recalculated to 1 m 2 Abundance, biomass and species composition List of taxons 2008 -04 (depth - 5m) 2009 -09 (depth -3,5 m) 2010 -04 (depth 5m) ind./m2 g/m2 ind./m2 g/m2 ind./m2 g/m2 Electra crustulenta x x x x x x Laomedea loveni x x Planaria sp. 1550 0,010 24960 13,2288 Fabricia sabella 50 0,003 28192 1,128 2250 0,073 Nereis diversicolor 50 0,473 384 3,3296 Naididae gen.sp. 300 0,080 Marenzelleria neglecta 128 0,0832 50 0,003 Oligochaeta 176 0,064 Balanus improvisus 6575 189,095 15312 1959,49 11950 594,790 Idothea baltica 128 1,6768 150 2,263 Jaera albifrons 4450 0,623 6656 0,3328 1075 15,588 Gammarus sp.juv. 28480 14,24 1525 0,763 Gammarus sp. 16975 2,545 Gammarus tigrinus juv. 500 0,190 33280 23,296 Gammarus tigrinus 528 21,9648 Gammarus oceanicus 1568 11,808 Gammarus salinus 1525 1,883 1296 5,696 Gammarus zaddachi 2925 12,061 11200 163,128 850 5,688 Corophium sp.juv. 30160 9,048 Chelicorophium curvispinum 1100 0,770 19920 17,928 Corophium volutator 50 0,050 1225 1,128 Hydrobia spp. 850 2,183 96 0,7104 200 0,853 Theodoxus fluviatilis juv. 20800 1,872 Theodoxus fluviatilis 300 1,870 25 0,558 Macoma balthica 16 0,3344 Mytilus edulis 50700 1689,608 14768 1889,714 12350 1071,503 Mya arenaria 100 0,818 25 3,480 Chironomidae larvae 816 0,016 50 0,003 TOTAL: 87700 1902,18 238864 4139,09 32025 1696,77 Soft bottom macrozoobenthos monitoring : Since 1980 HELCOM, 1988. Guidelines for the Baltic Monitoring Programme for the Third Stage. No.27 D. Part D. Biological Determinands. HELCOM, 1997. Soft bottom Macrozoobenthos// Manual for the Marine Monitoring in the COMBINE Programme of HELCOM. Part C-8. Rumohr H., 1997. Soft bottom macrofauna collection, treatment and quality assurance of samples.(Revised by BMB Working group 11, ICES Benthos Ecology Working Group, ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance of Benthic Measurements in the Baltic, CEFAS) LST EN ISO 16665:2014. Water quality Guidelines for quantitative sampling and sample processing of marine soft-bottom macrofauna Thank you for your attention!.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Y-Maze Chemical Assays: Not All Crustaceans Are Alike
    Helgol Mar Res (2015) 69:305–311 DOI 10.1007/s10152-015-0435-6 SHORT COMMUNICATION Heading which way? Y-maze chemical assays: not all crustaceans are alike 1 2,3 4 1 Matthes Kenning • Philipp Lehmann • Magnus Lindstro¨m • Steffen Harzsch Received: 21 January 2015 / Revised: 23 April 2015 / Accepted: 29 April 2015 / Published online: 21 May 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and AWI 2015 Abstract In a world full of chemicals, many crustaceans The findings raise several questions whether the stimuli rely on elaborate olfactory systems to guide behaviors re- presented and/or the experimental setup used represents an lated to finding food or to assess the presence of con- ecologically relevant situation for S. entomon. In each in- specifics and predators. We analyzed the responses of the stance, our experiments illustrate that established methods isopod Saduria entomon to a range of stimuli by which the cannot be readily transferred from one species to another. animal is likely to encounter in its natural habitat using a Y-maze bioassay. In order to document the efficiency of Keywords Isopoda Á Saduria entomon Á Decapoda Á the experimental design, the same bioassay was used to test Crayfish Á Olfaction Á Behavior Á Flow channel the behavior of the crayfish Procambarus fallax whose ability to track odors is well documented. The crayfish performed well in the Y-maze and were able to locate the Introduction source of a food-related odor with high fidelity. The isopod S. entomon reacted indifferently or with aversion to most of The ability to obtain information about the environment is the stimuli applied.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Salinity on Osmoregulation In
    The effect of salinity OCEANOLOGIA, No. 37 (1) pp. 111–122, 1995. on osmoregulation PL ISSN 0078–3234 in Corophium volutator Osmoregulation Salinity (Pallas) and Saduria Corophium volutator entomon (Linnaeus) Saduria entomon Gulf of Gda´nsk from the Gulf of Gda´nsk* Aldona Dobrzycka, Anna Szaniawska Institute of Oceanography, Gda´nsk University, Gdynia Manuscript received January 30, 1995, in final form March 24, 1995. Abstract Material for the study was collected in the summer of 1994 in the Gulf of Gdańsk where specimens of Corophium volutator and Saduria entomon – organisms living in a zone of critical salinity (5–8 psu) – commonly occur. The high osmolarity of their body fluids is indicative of their adaptation effort to the salinity in their habitat. A species of marine origin, Corophium volutator maintains its osmotic concentration of haemolymph at a high level, as other species in brackish waters do; however, this is not the case with Corophium volutator specimens living in saline seas. Saduria entomon – a relict of glacial origin, originally from the Arctic Sea – also maintains a high osmotic concentration of haemolymph in comparison with specimens of this species living in the Beaufort Sea. 1. Introduction The 5–8 psu salinity zone is the boundary separating the marine world from the freshwater world, a fact stressed by many authors, e.g. Remane (1934), Khlebovich (1989, 1990a,b) or Styczyńska-Jurewicz (1972, 1974). The critical salinity is defined by Khlebovich (1990a,b) as a narrow zone where massive mortality of fresh- and salt-water forms occurs, in both estu- aries and laboratories. It limits the life activity of isolated cells and tissues, * This research was supported by grant No.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of Oregon and Washington
    EPA 910-R-06-001 Alaska United States Region 10 Idaho Environmental Protection 1200 Sixth Avenue Oregon Agency Seattle, WA 98101 Washington Office of Environmental Assessment March 2006 Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of Oregon and Washington (blank page) EPA Region 10 Office of Environmental Assessment March 2006 Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of Oregon and Washington an Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Report Authors: Gretchen Hayslip1, Lorraine Edmond1, Valerie Partridge2, Walt Nelson3, Henry Lee3, Faith Cole3, Janet Lamberson3 , and Larry Caton4 March 2006 1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington 2 Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Olympia, Washington 3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Western Ecology Division, Newport, Oregon 4 Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Portland, Oregon U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Office of Environmental Assessment 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98101 Publication Number: EPA 910-R-06-001 Suggested Citation: Hayslip, G., L. Edmond, V. Partridge, W. Nelson, H. Lee, F. Cole, J. Lamberson , and L. Caton. 2006. Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of Oregon and Washington. EPA 910-R-06-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Assessment, Region 10, Seattle, Washington. i EPA Region 10 Office of Environmental Assessment March 2006 (blank page) ii EPA Region 10 Office of Environmental Assessment March 2006
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Variability in the Eelgrass Zostera Marina L. in the North-Eastern Baltic Sea: Canopy Structure and Associated Macrophyte and Invertebrate Communities
    Estonian Journal of Ecology, 2014, 63, 2, 90–108 doi: 10.3176/eco.2014.2.03 Spatiotemporal variability in the eelgrass Zostera marina L. in the north-eastern Baltic Sea: canopy structure and associated macrophyte and invertebrate communities Tiia Möller!, Jonne Kotta, and Georg Martin Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia ! Corresponding author, [email protected] Received 3 April 2014, revised 9 May 2014, accepted 15 May 2014 Abstract. Seagrasses are marine angiosperms fulfilling important ecological functions in coastal ecosystems worldwide. Out of the 66 known seagrass species only two inhabit the Baltic Sea and only one, Zostera marina L., is found in its NE part. In the coastal waters of Estonia, where eelgrass grows at its salinity tolerance limit, only scarce information exists on the Z. marina community and there are no data on eelgrass growth. In the current study the community characteristics and growth of eelgrass were studied at four sites: Ahelaid, Saarnaki, and Sõru in the West-Estonian Archipelago Sea and Prangli in the Gulf of Finland. Fieldwork was carried out from May to September in 2005. The results showed that eelgrass grew between 1.8 and 6 m with main distribution at 2–4 m. The eelgrass bed had a considerably higher content of sediment organic matter compared to the adjacent unvegetated areas, but this difference was statistically significant only in areas where the movement of soft sediments is higher. The results also showed that altogether 19 macrophytobenthic and 23 invertebrate taxa inhabited the eelgrass stand. The prevailing vascular plants were Stuckenia pectinata and Potamogeton perfoliatus.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Ulkokrunni and Merikalla
    2013 2 ECT J RO P EA S C I T L A B Oceana proposal for a Marine Protected Area Ulkokrunni and Merikalla INTRODUCTION OF THE AREA The two areas, Ulkokrunni and Merikalla, are situated in the Finnish EEZ, in the northern part of the Baltic Sea, the Bothian Bay. The Bothnian Bay is characterized by having a low salinity of 3.5 psu, which limits the number of marine species living there (Bergström and Bergström 1999) and freshwater species are more common. During winter the bay has at least four months of ice, which also affects which species can live there. The Ulkokrunni area consists of small scattered islands and primarily shallow waters. However, deeper areas down to almost 100 meter also exist. Merikalla is a shallow area situated almost 20 km west of the island Hailuoto, and south of Ulkokrunni. In the spring of 2011, Oceana conducted research in the area of Ulkokrunni, and in the spring of 2012, a more comprehensive research was carried out in the area of Ulkokrunni. Additionally Merikalla was also carefully studied by an ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle). 1 2 Ulkokrunni and Merikalla DESCRipTION OF THE AREA There are important offshore sandbanks in the northern Baltic Sea. The deeper parts of the Bothnian Bay have relatively good oxygen concentration as this part of the Baltic Sea is not suffering severely from eutrophication, compared to the other areas of the Baltic Sea where the deeps are oxygen depleted or anoxic most of the time. Therefore the deeper areas in the bay are characterized by having oxygen and animal life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book of the Sea the Realms of the Baltic Sea
    The Book of the Sea The realms of the Baltic Sea BALTIC ENVIRONMENTAL FORUM 1 THE REALMS OF THE BALTIC SEA 4 THE BOOK OF THE SEA 5 THE REALMS OF THE BALTIC SEA The Book of the Sea. The realms of the Baltic Sea 2 THE BOOK OF THE SEA 3 THE REALMS OF THE BALTIC SEA The Book of the Sea The realms of the Baltic Sea Gulf of Bothnia Åland Islands Helsinki Oslo Gulf of Finland A compilation by Žymantas Morkvėnas and Darius Daunys Stockholm Tallinn Hiiumaa Skagerrak Saaremaa Gulf of Riga Gotland Kattegat Öland Riga Copenhagen Baltic Sea Klaipėda Bornholm Bay of Gdańsk Rügen Baltic Environmental Forum 2015 2 THE BOOK OF THE SEA 3 THE REALMS OF THE BALTIC SEA Table of Contents Published in the framework of the Project partners: Authors of compilation Žymantas Morkvėnas and Darius Daunys 7 Preface 54 Brown shrimp project „Inventory of marine species Marine Science and Technology 54 Relict amphipod Texts provided by Darius Daunys, Žymantas Morkvėnas, Mindaugas Dagys, 9 Ecosystem of the Baltic Sea and habitats for development of Centre (MarsTec) at Klaipėda 55 Relict isopod crustacean Linas Ložys, Jūratė Lesutienė, Albertas Bitinas, Martynas Bučas, 11 Geological development Natura 2000 network in the offshore University, 57 Small sandeel Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė, Dalia Čebatariūnaitė, Nerijus Žitkevičius, of the Baltic Sea waters of Lithuania (DENOFLIT)“ Institute of Ecology of the Nature 58 Turbot Greta Gyraitė, Arūnas Grušas, Erlandas Paplauskis, Radvilė Jankevičienė, 14 The coasts of the Baltic Sea (LIFE09 NAT/LT/000234), Research Centre, 59 European flounder Rita Norvaišaitė 18 Water balance financed by the European Union The Fisheries Service under the 60 Velvet scoter 21 Salinity LIFE+ programme, the Republic Ministry of Agriculture of the Illustrations by Saulius Karalius 60 Common scoter 24 Food chain of Lithuania and project partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Kachemak Bay Research Reserve: a Unit of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System
    Kachemak Bay Ecological Characterization A Site Profile of the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve: A Unit of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Compiled by Carmen Field and Coowe Walker Kachemak Bay Research Reserve Homer, Alaska Published by the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve Homer, Alaska 2003 Kachemak Bay Research Reserve Site Profile Contents Section Page Number About this document………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .4 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Introduction to the Reserve ……………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Physical Environment Climate…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Ocean and Coasts…………………………………………………………………………………..11 Geomorphology and Soils……………………………………………………………………...17 Hydrology and Water Quality………………………………………………………………. 23 Marine Environment Introduction to Marine Environment……………………………………………………. 27 Intertidal Overview………………………………………………………………………………. 30 Tidal Salt Marshes………………………………………………………………………………….32 Mudflats and Beaches………………………………………………………………………… ….37 Sand, Gravel and Cobble Beaches………………………………………………………. .40 Rocky Intertidal……………………………………………………………………………………. 43 Eelgrass Beds………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 Subtidal Overview………………………………………………………………………………… 49 Midwater Communities…………………………………………………………………………. 51 Shell debris communities…………………………………………………………………….. 53 Subtidal soft bottom communities………………………………………………………. 54 Kelp Forests…………………………………………………….…………………………………….59 Terrestrial Environment…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61 Human Dimension Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • IV. Discussion
    IV. Discussion A. Sediment Conditions Regionally, average particle grain sizes (Table 4-1) of sediments at sites in the middle of the inlet were coarser while those on the west side of the inlet were finer. The predominance of coarser grains in the middle of the inlet was influenced by the degree of exposure to wave action and currents at the Kalgin Island sites, and by the number of highly exposed shoals examined. In contrast, the sites on the west side of the inlet, especially toward the north, receive heavy loads of fine grained, suspended sediments from the many river systems feeding from glaciers. Table 4 –1. Summary of upper Cook Inlet regional sediment characteristics. West Side Middle East Side Overall Number of Sites Sampled 11 8 6 25 Average particle grain 0.113 ± 0.088 0.22 ± 0.128 0.176 ± 0.143 0.16 ± 0.12 size (mm) TOC (%) 0.449 ± 0.345 0.155 ± 0.211 0.427 ± 0.337 0.357 ± 0.326 TKN (%) 0.032 ± 0.024 0.01 ± 0.008 0.03 ± 0.022 0.025 ± 0.022 C:N 14.5:1 ± 4.9 11.3:1 ± 6.8 13.5:1 ± 5.5 13.3:1 ± 5.6 While some of the sites examined supported small populations of single-celled or large plants, all sites depend on organic matter produced in or imported from other areas to support the nutritional requirements of the invertebrates living there. Measures of the quantity and quality of this form of nutrition are provided by analyses of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (Table D-1).
    [Show full text]
  • Bothnian Bay Deep
    2013 7 CT JE RO SEA P C I T BAL Oceana proposal for a Marine Protected Area Bothnian Bay Deep INTRODUCTION The Bothnian Bay is located in the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, with an average depth of 40 meters and its deepest point reaching further than 100 meters1. An archipelago, consisting mainly of sand and gravel islands lies in the north, while the south of the bay boasts a rocky coast and bedrocks. Relatively rapid land upheaval, of approximately 9 mm a year, occurs particularly on the Finnish side of the bay. The Bothnian Bay is frozen on average 170 to 190 days a year and large freshwater rivers run into it, keeping salinity low, at around 3.5 psu2. The Bothnian Bay is in a relatively healthy status, as it is not suffering from eutrophication, and has good oxygen levels3 even in the deeper areas, unlike most of the Baltic Sea, where anoxic bottoms are common due to eutrophication. Oceana studied the deeper parts of the Bothnian Sea in 2011 and 2012 using an ROV (Remote Operating Vehicle). 1 7 Bothnian Bay Deep DesCRipTION OF THE AREA The low salinity, together with the long icy winters, limits the amount of marine species living there to only ten4. However, several freshwater species, such as the vendace (Coregonus albuda), inhabit the bay, which also serves as an important breeding, feeding and nursing ground for fish and birds5. The plankton, fish eggs, and larvae of organisms in the area live in the pelagic water. The photosynthesis by phytoplankton is taking place in the upper layer of the water column, above the halocline, which enrich the water with oxygen.
    [Show full text]
  • Nereis Diversicolor and Saduria Entomon)On the Redistribution and Biomass of Macroalgae on Marine Soft Bottoms
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 333 (2006) 58–70 www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe The impact of infauna (Nereis diversicolor and Saduria entomon)on the redistribution and biomass of macroalgae on marine soft bottoms Marie Nordstro¨m*, Erik Bonsdorff, Sonja Salovius Department of Environmental and Marine Biology, A˚bo Akademi University, Akademigatan 1, FI-20500, A˚bo, Finland Received 11 March 2005; received in revised form 13 June 2005; accepted 30 November 2005 Abstract Mass occurrence of macroalgae is a phenomenon attributed to eutrophication, and can lead to drastic changes in the benthic communities on soft bottoms. While the negative effects of macroalgal blooms on the macrozoobenthos have been studied extensively, the effects of the infauna on the macroalgal material have not previously been studied in the northern Baltic Sea. The impact of the infaunal species Nereis diversicolor and Saduria entomon on the burial and biomass of Enteromorpha spp., Cladophora glomerata and Fucus vesiculosus, was assessed through a series of microcosm experiments. Results show that S. entomon did not significantly affect the biomass of the algae, nor actively relocate them. N. diversicolor redistributed the filamentous green algae into the sediment, down to 4 cm at most, and decreased the biomass of the filamentous algae by 140– 360%. Furthermore, the loss of biomass promoted in presence of polychaetes proved to be a density dependent process. The effect on the perennial macroalgal species, F. vesiculosus, was less clear, as no redistribution or significant change in macroalgal biomass was observed. Our findings show that infauna can contribute to a loss in macroalgal biomass through feeding and burrowing activities leading to the redistribution and incorporation of the detritus into bioturbated sediment.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic‐Pelagic Coupling and Trophic Relationships in Northern Baltic Sea Food Webs
    This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details. Author(s): Kiljunen, Mikko; Peltonen, Heikki; Lehtiniemi, Maiju; Uusitalo, Laura; Sinisalo, Tuula; Norkko, Joanna; Kunnasranta, Mervi; Torniainen, Jyrki; Rissanen, Antti J.; Karjalainen, Juha ‐ Title: Benthic pelagic coupling and trophic relationships in northern Baltic Sea food webs Year: 2020 Version: Published version Copyright: © 2020 the Author(s) Rights: CC BY 4.0 Rights url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Please cite the original version: Kiljunen, M., Peltonen, H., Lehtiniemi, M., Uusitalo, L., Sinisalo, T., Norkko, J., Kunnasranta, M., Torniainen, J., Rissanen, A. J., & Karjalainen, J. (2020). Benthic‐pelagic coupling and trophic relationships in northern Baltic Sea food webs. Limnology and Oceanography, 65(8), 1706-1722. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11413 Limnol. Oceanogr. 9999, 2020, 1–17 © 2020 The Authors. Limnology and Oceanography published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. doi: 10.1002/lno.11413 Benthic-pelagic coupling and trophic relationships in northern Baltic Sea food webs Mikko Kiljunen ,1,2* Heikki Peltonen,1 Maiju Lehtiniemi,1 Laura Uusitalo,3 Tuula Sinisalo,2 Joanna Norkko,4 Mervi Kunnasranta,5,6 Jyrki Torniainen,2,7 Antti J. Rissanen,2 Juha Karjalainen2 1Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Jyväskylä,
    [Show full text]