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The Baltic Sea Red List of Habitats Part II: Descriptions of Habitat Types

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The Baltic Sea Red List of Habitats Part II: Descriptions of Habitat Types THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 23 | 2020 Threatened habitat types in Finland 2018: the Baltic Sea Red List of habitats Part II: Descriptions of habitat types Aarno Kotilainen, Suvi Kiviluoto, Lasse Kurvinen, Matti Sahla, Eva Ehrnsten, Ari Laine, Hans-Göran Lax, Tytti Kontula, Penina Blankett, Jan Ekebom, Heidi Hällfors, Ville Karvinen, Harri Kuosa, Rami Laaksonen, Meri Lappalainen, Sirpa Lehtinen, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Jouni Leinikki, Elina Leskinen, Anu Riihimäki, Ari Ruuskanen and Petri Vahteri Finnish Environment Institute and Ministry of the Environment THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 23/2020 Threatened habitat types in Finland 2018: the Baltic Sea Red List of habitats Part II: Descriptions of habitat types Aarno Kotilainen, Suvi Kiviluoto, Lasse Kurvinen, Matti Sahla, Eva Ehrnsten, Ari Laine, Hans-Göran Lax, Tytti Kontula, Penina Blankett, Jan Ekebom, Heidi Hällfors, Ville Karvinen, Harri Kuosa, Rami Laaksonen, Meri Lappalainen, Sirpa Lehtinen, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Jouni Leinikki, Elina Leskinen, Anu Riihimäki, Ari Ruuskanen and Petri Vahteri Helsinki 2020 Finnish Environment Institute and Ministry of the Environment Finnish Environment Institute and Ministry of the Environment ISBN: 978-952-361-256-3 (PDF) ISSN: 2490-1024 (PDF) Cover photo: Juho Lappalainen, Metsähallitus Parks & Wildlife Finland Graphic design: Satu Turtiainen, SYKE Layout: Government Administration Department, Publications Helsinki, Finland 2020 CONTENTS 1 Information provided about habitat types ....................................................... 5 2 Baltic Sea habitat types .................................................................................................11 I1 Benthic hard substrate habitats characterised by perennial algae or aquatic moss .....................................................................................................................11 I1.01 Benthic habitats characterised by Fucus spp. ...............................................................11 I1.02 Benthic habitats characterised by red algae ................................................................ 14 I1.03 Benthic habitats characterised by perennial filamentous algae ............................... 16 I1.04 Benthic habitats characterised by aquatic moss ......................................................... 17 I2 Benthic soft substrate habitats characterised by vegetation ................ 18 I2.01 Benthic habitats characterised by Hippuris spp. ......................................................... 18 I2.02 Benthic habitats characterised by Potamogeton spp. and/or Stuckenia spp. ........... 21 I2.03 Benthic habitats characterised by Ranunculus spp. .................................................... 22 I2.04 Benthic habitats characterised by Zannichellia spp. and/or Ruppia spp. ................. 23 I2.05 Benthic habitats characterised by Myriophyllum spp. ................................................. 25 I2.06 Benthic habitats characterised by Charales ................................................................ 26 I2.06.01 Exposed benthic habitats characterised by Charales ................................... 27 I2.06.02 Sheltered benthic habitats characterised by Charales .................................. 28 I2.07 Benthic habitats characterised by Najas marina ......................................................... 29 I2.08 Benthic habitats characterised by Zostera marina ...................................................... 31 I2.09 Benthic habitats characterised by Eleocharis spp. ....................................................... 32 I2.10 Benthic habitats characterised by floating-leaved plants .......................................... 33 I3 Benthic habitats characterised by unattached vegetation ....................... 35 I3.01 Benthic habitats characterised by unattached Fucus spp. ......................................... 35 I3.02 Benthic habitats characterised by unattached Ceratophyllum demersum ............... 36 I3.03 Benthic habitats characterised by unattached aggregations of Aegagropila linnaei .............................................................................................................. 37 I4 Benthic hard substrate habitats characterised by invertebrates ....... 38 I4.01 Benthic habitats characterised by Mytilus trossulus .................................................... 38 I4.02 Benthic habitats characterised by Dreissena polymorpha .......................................... 41 I4.03 Benthic habitats characterised by Amphibalanus improvisus ..................................... 42 I4.04 Benthic habitats characterised by hydroids (Hydrozoa) ........................................... 42 I5 Benthic habitats characterised by annual algae ............................................. 44 I5.01 Benthic habitats characterised by Vaucheria spp. ....................................................... 44 I5.02 Benthic habitats characterised by Chorda filum and/or Halosiphon tomentosus .... 45 I5.03 Benthic habitats characterised by annual filamentous algae .................................... 46 Threatened habitat types in Finland 2018: the Baltic Sea | Red List of habitats | Part II: Descriptions of habitat types 3 I6 Benthic soft substrate habitats characterised by invertebrates ......... 48 I6.01 Benthic habitats characterised by Mya arenaria ......................................................... 48 I6.02 Benthic habitats characterised by Macoma balthica ................................................... 49 I6.03 Benthic habitats characterised by Cerastoderma spp. ................................................ 50 I6.04 Benthic habitats characterised by Unionidae .............................................................. 51 I6.05 Benthic habitats characterised by infaunal polychaetes ............................................ 53 I6.06 Benthic habitats characterised by Monoporeia affinis and/or Pontoporeia femorata ......................................................................................................... 54 I6.07 Benthic habitats characterised by Bathyporeia pilosa ................................................. 56 I6.08 Benthic habitats characterised by midge larvae (Chironomidae) ........................... 57 I6.09 Benthic habitats characterised by meiofauna.............................................................. 58 I7 Other benthic habitats ................................................................................................... 59 I7.01 Benthic habitats characterised by microphytobenthic organisms and grazing snails ...................................................................................................................... 59 I7.02 Benthic habitats characterised by anaerobic organisms ........................................... 60 I7.03 Benthic habitats characterised by globular colonies of cyanobacteria or ciliates .................................................................................................................................. 61 I7.04 Benthic shell gravel habitats ........................................................................................... 62 I7.05 Benthic habitats with ferromanganese concretions .................................................. 63 I8 Pelagic habitats and sea ice .......................................................................................... 64 I8.01 Pelagic habitats in the northern Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland ................. 65 I8.02 Pelagic habitats in the Bothnian Sea and the Åland Sea............................................ 67 I8.03 Pelagic habitats in the Bothnian Bay ............................................................................. 69 I8.04 Baltic Sea seasonal ice ...................................................................................................... 70 I9 Baltic Sea habitat complexes...................................................................................... 73 I9.01 Fladas (coastal lagoons) ................................................................................................... 73 I9.02 Glo-lakes (coastal lagoons) ............................................................................................. 76 I9.03 Coastal estuaries ............................................................................................................... 78 I9.04 Reefs .................................................................................................................................... 81 I9.05 Sandbanks ........................................................................................................................... 82 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ 84 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 85 Description sheet .................................................................................................................... 96 Kuvailulehti .................................................................................................................................. 97 Presentationsblad .................................................................................................................... 98 4 The Baltic Sea Information provided about habitat types 1 Part 2 of the Finnish final report – Threatened Habitat Threat status assessment table Types in Finland 2018 – presents a total of 420 habitat
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