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Entomon (Linnaeus, 1758) (Isopoda: Chaetiliidae) in the Black Sea

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Entomon (Linnaeus, 1758) (Isopoda: Chaetiliidae) in the Black Sea Aquatic Invasions (2009) Volume 4, Issue 2: 393-395 DOI 10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.17 © 2009 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2009 REABIC (http://www.reabic.net) This is an Open Access article Short communication First report of Saduria (Mesidotea) entomon (Linnaeus, 1758) (Isopoda: Chaetiliidae) in the Black Sea Yuriy Kvach Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Vul. Pushkinska 37, 65125 Odessa, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Received 26 February 2009; accepted in revised form 20 April 2009; published online 24 April 2009 Abstract Saduria entomon (Linnaeus, 1758) is a glacial relict with a distribution restricted to the Baltic Sea and several lakes in the Scandinavian region. It is also mentioned in arctic shallow waters of the North America, Siberia, and in the Caspian Sea. In February 2009, this isopod was reported for the first time from near the village of Lustdorf, in the Gulf of Odessa, Black Sea, Ukraine. Key words: Baltic Sea, Black Sea, brackish waters, glacial relicts, non-indigenous species, Saduria entomon, isopod Saduria (Mesidotea) entomon (Linnaeus, 1758) In February 2009 S. entomon (Figure 1) was (Isopoda: Chaetiliidae) is a glacial relict first recorded from near the village of Lustdorf, common in the Baltic Sea and several lakes of 46º20'N, 30º42'E, in the Gulf of Odessa, North- the Scandinavian region, such as Ladoga, Western Black Sea, Ukraine. Several specimens Malaren, Vattern, Vanern, Mjorn (Charlesworth were found in nets by fishermen, and three of 1957). This isopod entered the Scandinavian them were brought to the Odessa Branch of the region from the Arctic Seas following the ice Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of regression (Ekman 1940, 1953; Segerstråle 1956, National Academy of Science of Ukraine for 1957). This isopod occurs in shallow estuarine further identification. According to the areas in arctic coastal waters of the Beaufort Sea fishermen, S. entomon were found attached to the (North America), Siberia near-shores, and in the sprat Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso, 1826) Caspian Sea (Gurjanova 1933, 1970; Percy (Actynopterygii: Clupeidae) and this was not the 1983). first time that the isopod had been observed from S. entomon is omnivorous scavenger and one the Lustdorf area. To confirm the identification of the most important invertebrate predators in of the isopod the author compared the Ukraine the Baltic Sea, which fed on benthic in- material with a specimen of S. entomon captured vertebrates, mostly amphipod Monoporeia affinis from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland, Baltic Sea. (Crustacea: Pontoporeiidae) (Leonardsson 1986, S. entomon is found in some freshwater lakes 1991; Sandberg and Bonsdorff 1990, 1993; of the Scandinavian and the brackish waters of Ejdung and Bonsdorff 1992; Hill and Elmgren the Baltic Sea. According to Zenkevich (1963) 1992). It is also an important food item for many the Baltic is the most desalinated (6-8‰) sea in of fish species, such as sculpin, cod, and the World and the Black Sea has an average flounder (Leonardsson et al. 1988). This species water salinity of 18‰. Both seas are therefore is good adapted to long periods of hypoxia, classified as brackish according to the Venetian common on the bottom of the Baltic Sea system of water salinity (Dethier 1992). They (Hagerman and Oksama 1985; Hagerman and also have similar geological history being Szaniawska 1990). separated for the most part from the Atlantic 393 Y. Kvach Ocean basin. The Black Sea was connected with the Mediterranean Sea about 5-7,000 years ago, and the Baltic Sea to the North Sea nearly 7,000 years ago. These factors caused some similarities in the fauna of these water bodies; for example another isopod, Idothea balthica (Pallas, 1772), is common for both Black and Baltic Seas. S. entomon is well adapted to anaerobic conditions due to the presence of respiratory alkalosis (Hagerman and Oksama 1985; Hagerman and Szaniawska 1990). Consequently hypoxic conditions due to the presence of H2S in the deep waters, coastal lagoons and estuaries of the Black Sea have not presented a problem to the establishment of this non-indigenous isopod. In fact its presence may be detrimental for other benthophagous species such as gobiids as they compete for the same food source. However, S. entomon may become a source of food for some important commercial fish species such as flounder Platichthyes flesus luscus (Pallas, 1814), turbot Psetta maxima maeotica (Pallas, 1814), etc. The possible way of introduction of S. entomon to the Black Sea is ballast waters of shipping transversing the “northern” (Panov et al. 2007), “central” and “southern” invasion corridors (sensu Galil et al. 2007) from the Baltic region. The introduction of this species from the Caspian Sea is also possible via the “northern” corridor, through the Volga-Don canal. Four, less possible rout of introduction with ballast waters is a route around Europe, through the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. This route was proposed as possible way of Figure 1. Saduria entomon caught in the Gulf of Odessa, introduction of the Black-Sea round goby, Black Sea, Ukraine. A – dorsal view, B – ventral view, C – Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814), to the lateral view. Photograph by Y. Kvach Baltic Sea (Sapota 2004), but could be used by S. entomon to penetrate the Black Sea. of S. entomon to the Black Sea from the Baltic The other possible ways of introduction is brackish waters in ballast waters seems more likely transportation of live crustaceans with hull than the transportation with hull fouling or migration fouling and migration via rivers. The Baltic Sea via rivers. and Scandinavian lakes are habited by different populations of S. entomon and limnetic race is Acknowledgements characterized by wide salinity tolerance, but brackish-water race cannot survive in the fresh I thank Dr Volodymyr Gubanov for his help to waters (Lockwood and Croghan 1957). The get the samples of S. entomon. Also I thank Dr crustaceans originated from the limnetic Paul Clark (Natural History Museum, London) population could colonize the brackish waters of for his help to edit the text of the manuscript and the Black Sea using the “northern” corridor, but anonymous reviewer for useful suggestions to the brackish-water S. entomon could not survive the earlier version of manuscript. Publication during the transportation/migration through the support provided by EC FP7 project fresh waters of the rivers. Therefore the introduction EnviroGRIDS ( http://www.envirogrids.net ). 394 Saduria entomon in the Black Sea References Leonardsson K (1991) Effects of cannibalism and alternative prey on population dynamics of Saduria entomon Charlesworth JK (1957) The Quaternary Era, vol. 2. Wm. (Isopoda). Ecology 72: 1273-1285 doi:10.2307/1941101 Clowes and Sons, London and Beccles, 1700 pp Leonardsson K, Bengtsson Å, Linnér J (1988) Size-selective Dethier MN (1992) Classifying marine and estuarine natural predation by fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus communities: An alternative to the coward in system. quadricornis (L.) (Pisces) on Mesidotea entomon (L) Natural Areas Journal 12: 90-100 (Crustacea, Isopoda). Hydrobiologia 164: 213-220 Ejdung G, Bonsdorff E (1992) Predation on the bivalve doi:10.1007/BF00005941 Macoma balthica by the isopod Saduria entomon: Lockwood APM, Croghan PC (1957) The chloride regulation laboratory and field experiments. Marine Ecology of the brackish and fresh-water races of Mesidotea Progress Series 88: 207-214 doi:10.3354/meps088207 entomon (L.). Journal of Experimental Biology 34: 253- Ekman S (1940) Die schwedische Verbreitung der glazial- 258 Panov V, Dgebuadze Y, Shiganova T, Filippov A, Minchin D marinen Relikte. 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