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Aquatic Behaviour of Polar Bears (Ursus Maritimus) in an Increasingly Ice-Free Arctic Received: 8 December 2017 Karen Lone 1, Kit M
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Aquatic behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in an increasingly ice-free Arctic Received: 8 December 2017 Karen Lone 1, Kit M. Kovacs1, Christian Lydersen1, Mike Fedak 2, Magnus Andersen1, Accepted: 13 June 2018 Philip Lovell2 & Jon Aars1 Published: xx xx xxxx Polar bears are ice-associated marine mammals that are known to swim and dive, yet their aquatic behaviour is poorly documented. Reductions in Arctic sea ice are clearly a major threat to this species, but understanding polar bears’ potential behavioural plasticity with respect to the ongoing changes requires knowledge of their swimming and diving skills. This study quantifed time spent in water by adult female polar bears (n = 57) via deployment of various instruments bearing saltwater switches, and in some case pressure sensors (79 deployments, 64.8 bear-years of data). There were marked seasonal patterns in aquatic behaviour, with more time spent in the water during summer, when 75% of the polar bears swam daily (May-July). Females with cubs-of-the-year spent less time in the water than other females from den emergence (April) until mid-summer, consistent with small cubs being vulnerable to hypothermia and drowning. Some bears undertook notable long-distance-swims. Dive depths up to 13.9 m were recorded, with dives ≥5 m being common. The considerable swimming and diving capacities of polar bears might provide them with tools to exploit aquatic environments previously not utilized. This is likely to be increasingly important to the species’ survival in an Arctic with little or no persistent sea ice. -
Y-Maze Chemical Assays: Not All Crustaceans Are Alike
Helgol Mar Res (2015) 69:305–311 DOI 10.1007/s10152-015-0435-6 SHORT COMMUNICATION Heading which way? Y-maze chemical assays: not all crustaceans are alike 1 2,3 4 1 Matthes Kenning • Philipp Lehmann • Magnus Lindstro¨m • Steffen Harzsch Received: 21 January 2015 / Revised: 23 April 2015 / Accepted: 29 April 2015 / Published online: 21 May 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and AWI 2015 Abstract In a world full of chemicals, many crustaceans The findings raise several questions whether the stimuli rely on elaborate olfactory systems to guide behaviors re- presented and/or the experimental setup used represents an lated to finding food or to assess the presence of con- ecologically relevant situation for S. entomon. In each in- specifics and predators. We analyzed the responses of the stance, our experiments illustrate that established methods isopod Saduria entomon to a range of stimuli by which the cannot be readily transferred from one species to another. animal is likely to encounter in its natural habitat using a Y-maze bioassay. In order to document the efficiency of Keywords Isopoda Á Saduria entomon Á Decapoda Á the experimental design, the same bioassay was used to test Crayfish Á Olfaction Á Behavior Á Flow channel the behavior of the crayfish Procambarus fallax whose ability to track odors is well documented. The crayfish performed well in the Y-maze and were able to locate the Introduction source of a food-related odor with high fidelity. The isopod S. entomon reacted indifferently or with aversion to most of The ability to obtain information about the environment is the stimuli applied. -
Bothnian Bay Coastal Meadows Management Project
EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION LANDSCAPE AWARD OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 7th Session – 2020-2021 APPLICATION FORM Council of Europe – European Landscape Convention Presentation The European Landscape Convention aims to promote the protection, management and planning of landscapes and to bring together European co-operation in this field. It is the first international treaty exclusively devoted to all dimensions of European landscape. Taking into account the landscape, natural and cultural values of the territory, it contributes to promoting the quality of life and well-being of Europeans. The Resolution on the Rules governing the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 20 February 2008 at the 1018th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies, draws attention to the fact that Article 11 of the Convention institutes the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe and that it is in keeping with the work carried out by the Council of Europe concerning human rights, democracy and sustainable development. It effectively promotes the territorial dimension of human rights and democracy by acknowledging the importance of measures taken to improve the landscape for people’s living conditions. Opened to the Parties to the Convention, the Award is intended to raise civil society’s awareness of the value of landscapes, of their role and of changes to them. Its objective is to reward exemplary practical initiatives aimed at successful landscape quality objectives on the territories of the Parties to the Convention. The Award is conferred every two years and the files presenting applications must reach the Secretariat General of the Council of Europe. -
Our Ocean Backyard –– Santa Cruz Sentinel Columns by Gary Griggs, Director, Institute of Marine Sciences, UC Santa Cruz
Our Ocean Backyard –– Santa Cruz Sentinel columns by Gary Griggs, Director, Institute of Marine Sciences, UC Santa Cruz. #45 January 2, 2010 Why Monterey Submarine Canyon? Monterey Submarine Canyon forms a deep gash beneath the waters of Monterey Bay. At the risk of beating submarine canyons to death, I’m going to try to wrap up this discussion with some final thoughts on why we have one of the world’s largest submarine canyons in our backyard. Monterey Submarine Canyon has been known for over a century, and as with other offshore drainage systems, there has been considerable speculation over the years as to why we have this huge chasm cutting across the seafloor. Most submarine canyons align with river systems, but Elkhorn Slough hardly provides an adequate onshore source for such a massive feature. We do know that prior to 1910 the Salinas River discharged six miles north of its present mouth into Elkhorn Slough, closer to the head of Monterey Submarine Canyons. But even the Salinas River is not of the scale we would expect for an offshore feature as large as the Grand Canyon. Over 50 years ago, two geologists discovered the presence of a deep buried inland canyon beneath the Santa Cruz Mountains from oil company drill holes. This combined with other geological and geophysical observations strongly suggested that this canyon was eroded by an ancient river drainage system that played a critical role in the initial formation of the Monterey Submarine Canyon. This buried canyon, named Pajaro Gorge by some, was the route that the drainage from California’s vast Central Valley followed to the ocean for million of years. -
The Effect of Salinity on Osmoregulation In
The effect of salinity OCEANOLOGIA, No. 37 (1) pp. 111–122, 1995. on osmoregulation PL ISSN 0078–3234 in Corophium volutator Osmoregulation Salinity (Pallas) and Saduria Corophium volutator entomon (Linnaeus) Saduria entomon Gulf of Gda´nsk from the Gulf of Gda´nsk* Aldona Dobrzycka, Anna Szaniawska Institute of Oceanography, Gda´nsk University, Gdynia Manuscript received January 30, 1995, in final form March 24, 1995. Abstract Material for the study was collected in the summer of 1994 in the Gulf of Gdańsk where specimens of Corophium volutator and Saduria entomon – organisms living in a zone of critical salinity (5–8 psu) – commonly occur. The high osmolarity of their body fluids is indicative of their adaptation effort to the salinity in their habitat. A species of marine origin, Corophium volutator maintains its osmotic concentration of haemolymph at a high level, as other species in brackish waters do; however, this is not the case with Corophium volutator specimens living in saline seas. Saduria entomon – a relict of glacial origin, originally from the Arctic Sea – also maintains a high osmotic concentration of haemolymph in comparison with specimens of this species living in the Beaufort Sea. 1. Introduction The 5–8 psu salinity zone is the boundary separating the marine world from the freshwater world, a fact stressed by many authors, e.g. Remane (1934), Khlebovich (1989, 1990a,b) or Styczyńska-Jurewicz (1972, 1974). The critical salinity is defined by Khlebovich (1990a,b) as a narrow zone where massive mortality of fresh- and salt-water forms occurs, in both estu- aries and laboratories. It limits the life activity of isolated cells and tissues, * This research was supported by grant No. -
Wetland Loss in the Lower Galveston Bay Watershed
Galveston Bay Wetland Permit and Mitigation Assessment Lisa Gonzalez Dr. Erin Kinney Dr. John Jacob Marissa Llosa Transportation Stream & Wetland Mitigation Peer Exchange – June 5-6, 2018 Galveston Bay Watershed ~24,000 square miles ~Half of Texas’ population of 28M TXDOT Districts Beaumont Houston Population Growth 213 % 59 % 65 % * 119 % * 54 % 239 % 106 % 89 % % Change in Population 1990 to 2017 Data Source: U.S. Census, *Texas Demographic Center Population Projection Regional Habitat H-GAC Eco-Logical Map; Wetland Mitigation Opportunities white paper, 2014 Regional Land Cover Change; 1996-2010 • Growth in impervious (107K acres) & developed (254K acres) areas • Wetland net change -54K acres NLDC, NOAA C-CAP Coastal Bottomlands and Blue Elbow Mitigation Banks Mitigation Bank Mitigation Bank HUC8 ORMII Permits ORMII Permits Galveston Bay Mitigation Banks TCWP Ground-truth Wetland Mitigation Assessment • 17 sites: 4 permit mitigation sites not accessible, leaving 13 permits for site review (8 PRM, 5 MB). • Assessment criteria based on three-fold definition of a wetland (Tiner, 1989): – Hydrophytic vegetation (partially or completely submerged in water), – Evidence of hydrology, – Soil indicators consistent with wetland hydrology. • Conservative assessment: – Success: “reasonably wet” with recognizable wetland plants and hydric soils. – Failure: substandard compensatory mitigation site with a lack of any evidence for wetland mitigation TCWP Ground-truth Wetland Mitigation Assessment • Minimum 5% of the total mitigation site inventoried. • Plots (10 m x 10 m) representatively within the tract. • Plant species presence and percent cover assessed. • Cover of various biotic and abiotic surface materials collected in each plot. • Comprehensive list of species compiled. • Pictures of the site and the sample plot taken along with any notable site features. -
Paleolithic Fish from Southern Poland: a Paleozoogeographical Approach
10. ARCH. VOL. 22 (2ª)_ARCHAEOFAUNA 04/09/13 18:05 Página 123 Archaeofauna 22 (2013): 123-131 Paleolithic Fish from Southern Poland: A Paleozoogeographical Approach LEMBI LÕUGAS1, PIOTR WOJTAL2, JAROSŁAW WILCZYń SKI2 & KRZYSZTOF STEFANIAK3 1Department of Archaeobiology and Ancient Technology, Institute of History, University of Tallinn, Rüütli 6, EE10130 Tallinn, Estonia [email protected] 2Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31-016 Cracow, Poland [email protected], [email protected] 3Institute of Zoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland [email protected] (Received 5 August 2012; Revised 31 October 2012; Accepted 17 July 2013) ABSTRACT: The area covered by glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) includes a large territory in northern Europe. In this region, Paleolithic finds are rare and fish bones fair- ly unique. Analysis of Paleolithic fish bones outside of the LGM range was carried out with the intention of reconstructing the paleozoogeographical distribution of this animal group before the retreat of the ice cap from the Baltic Basin. This research focuses on an archaeological fish bone assemblage from Obłazowa Cave, southern Poland. Other samples examined are from Krucza Skała Rock Shelter (Kroczyckie Rocks), Biśnik Cave (Wodąca Valley), Borsuka Cave (Szklarka Valley), and Nad Tunelem Cave (Prądnik Valley). The latter sites are considered natu- rally accumulated deposits, but, at Obłazowa and Krucza Skała, anthropogenic factors also played an important role. The fish bones from the Paleolithic cave deposits of Obłazowa inclu- ded at least six fish genera: Thymallus, Coregonus, Salmo, Salvelinus, Esox, and Cottus. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Chapter 2. Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Inventory By Lyman K. Thorsteinson .............................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3 Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Species By Milton S. Love, Mancy Elder, Catherine W. Mecklenburg Lyman K. Thorsteinson, and T. Anthony Mecklenburg .................................................................. 41 Pacific and Arctic Lamprey ............................................................................................................. 49 Pacific Lamprey………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………49 Arctic Lamprey…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….55 Spotted Spiny Dogfish to Bering Cisco ……………………………………..…………………….…………………………60 Spotted Spiney Dogfish………………………………………………………………………………………………..60 Arctic Skate………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………….66 Pacific Herring……………………………….……………………………………………………………………………..70 Pond Smelt……………………………………….………………………………………………………………………….78 Pacific Capelin…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………..83 Arctic Smelt………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 2. Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Inventory By Lyman K. Thorsteinson1 Abstract Introduction Several other marine fishery investigations, including A large number of Arctic fisheries studies were efforts for Arctic data recovery and regional analyses of range started following the publication of the Fishes of Alaska extensions, were ongoing concurrent to this study. These (Mecklenburg and others, 2002). Although the results of included -
Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive Summary: Assessment of Coastal fi Sh in the Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 103 B Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive summary: Assessment of coastal fi sh in the Baltic Sea Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 103 B Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive summary: Assessment of coastal fi sh in the Baltic Sea Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Editor: Janet Pawlak Authors: Kaj Ådjers (Co-ordination Organ for Baltic Reference Areas) Jan Andersson (Swedish Board of Fisheries) Magnus Appelberg (Swedish Board of Fisheries) Redik Eschbaum (Estonian Marine Institute) Ronald Fricke (State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany) Antti Lappalainen (Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute), Atis Minde (Latvian Fish Resources Agency) Henn Ojaveer (Estonian Marine Institute) Wojciech Pelczarski (Sea Fisheries Institute, Poland) Rimantas Repečka (Institute of Ecology, Lithuania). Photographers: Visa Hietalahti p. cover, 7 top, 8 bottom Johnny Jensen p. 3 top, 3 bottom, 4 middle, 4 bottom, 5 top, 8 top, 9 top, 9 bottom Lauri Urho p. 4 top, 5 bottom Juhani Vaittinen p. 7 bottom Markku Varjo / LKA p. 10 top For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as: HELCOM, 2006 Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive summary: Assessment of coastal fi sh in the Baltic Sea Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 103 B Information included in this publication or extracts thereof is free for citing on the condition that the complete reference of the publication is given as stated above Copyright 2006 by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - Helsinki Commission - Design and layout: Bitdesign, Vantaa, Finland Printed by: Erweko Painotuote Oy, Finland ISSN 0357-2994 Coastal fi sh – a combination of freshwater and marine species Coastal fish communities are important components of Baltic Sea ecosystems. -
Characteristics and Potential Causes of Declining Diporeia Spp
Characteristics and Potential Causes of Declining Diporeia spp. Populations in Southern Lake Michigan and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron Thomas F. Nalepa1 Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, NOAA 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. 48105 David L. Fanslow Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, NOAA 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. 48105 Gretchen Messick Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, NOAA 904 S. Morris Street Oxford, Maryland, U.S.A. 21654 Abstract Populations of the amphipods Diporeia spp. are declining in all of the Great Lakes except Lake Superior. We examine characteristics and potential causes of declines in southern Lake Michigan and outer Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Amphipod populations began to decline within 3-4 years after zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) colonized both areas. In Lake Michigan, which was better studied, the decline occurred first in shallow waters (<30 m) and then progressed deeper (51-90 m). Between 1980- 1981 (pre-Dreissena) and 1998-1999 (post-Dreissena), densities at sites in these two depth intervals declined 92% 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] 157 and 58%, respectively. At a 45-m site in southeastern Lake Michigan, densities of Diporeia spp. declined to near zero within six months even though mussels were never collected at the site itself. At a nearby 45-m site, densities declined gradually to zero over a six-year period and correlated with increased mussel densities. Although mussels are likely outcompeting Diporeia spp. populations for food, and food limitation is probably a contributing factor to population declines, populations show no physiological signs of starvation; lipid content is at a maximum as densities approach zero. -
1 Ordovician Reef and Mound Evolution: the Baltoscandian
Ordovician reef and mound evolution: The Baltoscandian picture Björn Kröger1, Linda Hints2, Oliver Lehnert2, 3,4 1. Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 44, Fi-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, [email protected] 2. Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia 3. Geo-Center of Northern Bavaria , Lithosphere Dynamics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany 4. Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden Original Article Corresponding author: Björn Kröger, [email protected] Short title: Baltic reefs 1 Abstract: Widespread growth of reefs formed by a framework of biogenic constructors and of frame-lacking carbonate mounds started on Baltica during the Ordovician. Previously, Ordovician reef and mound development on Baltica was considered to be sporadic and local. A review of all known bioherm localities across the Baltic Basin reveals a more consistent pattern. Ordovician bioherms grew in a wide E/W stretching belt across the Baltic Basin and occur in several places in Norway. Substantial reef development began simultaneously across the region during the late Sandbian / early Katian boundary interval and climaxed during the late Katian Pirgu Stage. The current spatiotemporal distribution of bioherms is a result of interdependent factors that involve original drivers of reef development, such as relative sea level, climate during the time of deposition, and effects of post-depositional erosion. Oceanographic conditions were likely more favorable during times of cooler global climates, low sea level and glacial episodes. At the same time, the likelihood that bioherms are preserved from long time erosion is higher when deposited during low sea level in deeper parts of the basin. -
Gulf of California - Sea of Cortez Modern Sailing Expeditions
Gulf of California - Sea of Cortez Modern Sailing Expeditions November 24 to December 4, 2019 Modern Sailing School & Club Cpt Blaine McClish (415) 331 – 8250 Trip Leader THE BOAT — Coho II, 44’ Spencer 1330 Coho II is MSC’s legendary offshore racer/cruiser. She has carried hundreds of MSC students and sailors under the Golden Gate Bridge and onto the Pacific Ocean. At 44.4 feet overall length and 24,000 pounds of displacement, Coho II is built for crossing oceans with speed, seakindly motion, and good performance in both big winds and light airs. • Fast and able bluewater cruiser • Fully equipped for the offshore sailing and cruising experience TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS You are responsible for booking your own airfare. Direct flights from SFO to La Paz, and Los Cabos to SFO are available but are limited. Flights with layovers in San Diego or Los Angeles will cost less than direct flights. If you would like to use a travel agent to book your flights, we suggest Bob Entwisle at E&E Travel at (415) 819-5665. WHAT TO BRING Luggage Travel light. Your gear should fit in a medium duffel bag and small carry-on bag. Your carry-on should be less than 15 pounds. We recommend using a dry bag or backpack. Both bags should be collapsible for easy storage on the boat in small space. Do not bring bags with hard frames as they are difficult to stow. Gear We have found that people often only use about half of what they bring. A great way to bring only what you use is to lay all your items out and reduce it by 50%.