News, Vol. 25, No. 3

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Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Zimbabwe News, Vol. 25, No. 3

Alternative title Zimbabwe News Author/Creator Zimbabwe African National Union Publisher Zimbabwe African National Union (, Zimbabwe) Date 1994-05-00 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe, Namibia, , Coverage (temporal) 1994 Rights By kind permission of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Description EDITORIAL. LETTERS. NATIONAL NEWS: Economy to grow by 4 percent. Forlum casualty of serious split. Zimbabwe's investment drive goes to Hong Kong. Zero tillage farmers reap benefits. clothing industry threatened. Spectrum receives Golden World Award. Education with Production triumphs. Small Claims Courts now operational TALKING POINT: Medicine and democracy. GATT, ESAP and trade wars. REGIONAL NEWS: Cover Story: South Africa triumphs over apartheid. 10, 000 Africans die of hunger everyday. Direct investment in Africa grows. SADF withdraw from Namibia. African nations face food security problems. Land scandal rocks Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL NEWS: Clinton health plan raises questions in rural areas. New watchdog on women's rights. The comets are coming. India conducts leprosy vaccine trials. Britain honours bus conductor. Zimbabwe supports DPRK on reunification. FEATURES: Government supported national health service. Watch committees wage war on crime. DOCUMENT: Call for increased economic co-operation. SPORT: Mentally retarded athletes excelling. Poetry — Tribute to a great man. Format extent 48 page(s) (length/size)

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http://www.aluka.org ZANU PF

ZANU PF Unity, Peace and Deveopment "ment of Information and Publicity, 14 Austin Road e 25, No. 3 1994, Registered at the G.P.O. as a Newspaper . 70Cincl. sales tax) ju. I i nq9A ;iden ,TT, ESA * Forum *1 Eimbabwe News )ficial Organ of ZANU PF MKIN". 7M I 7:F1'jMFAjj1OMM :7

WjJ W THE NEW $50 NOTE The new $50 banknote will be issued on 14th March. It retains the traditional security features which have been improved and new ones have been introduced to make the note easy to recognise. Look for these five(5) distinctive features :" CHECKLIST The Zimbabwe Birdn , Watermark. Two see-through rhinoceroses on either side which are in perfect register. The security thread with 4 3 RBZ50 printed on it. Raised print which can easily be felt by running your nail along It. Extra small print which reads 50, 50, 50 ... 2 situated to the left of the balancing rocks. The New $50 Note... the convenience of handling money Is now here. Published by R.B.Z. 7th March 1994 FRONT

Contents Editorial ...... Letters ...... National News Talking Point Regional News International News Features Document Sport ...... I...... 3 Economy -to grow by 4 percent ...... 5 Forum casualty of serious split ...... 9 Zimbabwe's investment drivd goes to Hong Kong ...... 13 Zero tillage farmers reap benefits ...... 15 Bulawayo clothing industry threatened ...... 16 Spectrum receives Golden World Award ...... 18 Education with Production triumphs ...... 19 Sniall Claims Courts now operational ...... 20 Medicine and democracy ...... 21 GATT, ESAP and tradewars 22 Cover Story: South Africa triumphs over apartheid ...... 24 10 000 Africans die of' hunger everyday ...... 27 Direct investment in Africa grows ...... 28 SADF withdraw from Namibia ...... 29 African nations face food security problems ...... 30 Land scandal rocks Tan'zania ...... 30 Clinton health plan raises questions in rural areas...... 35 New watchdog on woimen's rights ...... 36 TI * comets are coming ...... 36 India conducts leprosy vaccine trials ...... 36 Britain honours bus conductor ...... 37 Zimbabwe supports DPRK on reunification ...... 37 GoVernment supported national health service ...... 40 Watch committees wage war on -crime ...... 41 Call for increased economic co-operation ...... 42 Mentally retarded athletes excelling ...... 43 Poetry - Tribute to a great man ...... 44 1 ~ £ Zimbabwe News is the official Organ of the Zimbabwe African National Union IZANU PFI and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Information and Publici'y. Jongwe Priming and Publishing Co., No. 14 Austin Road, Workington, Hararf. World Copy"'ght. C,,nlral Committee IZANU PFI. Editorial Council: Cde. N M. Shdrn ,w.r, Co,: C.C. Chimutengwende Cde C Ndhlovu Cd .- Kar.hingwe Cde. A. Sphosana Cde. M. Munyati. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF 0AWMA Editorial The new ball game During Zimbabwe's Chimurenga, freedom fighters supported, by the peasants paid through blood, sweat and tears for the independence which was finally achieved in 1980. In that liberation war, socialist nations expressed concrete solidarity by rendering military, political and moral support while the Rhodesian colonialists enjoyed unlimited supply of weaponry, mercenaries and finance as well as protection under the skirts of western countries on the pretext that they were defending Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole from the "communist monster". During that period, Zimbabwean "Marxist-Leninists" mushroomed in that process, the majority of whom were armchair revolutionaries. It became fashionable to be Marxist Leninist. It is a fact that a number of Zimbabweans fell prey to the colonial divide-and-rule tactics and not only assisted efforts to perpetuate colonial domination but also participated in the elimination of freedom fighters or peasants and supporters of the struggle some of whom were sold out to the enemy for a lot less than thirty pieces of silver. Come independence in 1980, the pseudo Zimbabwean "Marxist Leninists" and critics of the liberation struggle found room within the country's reconciliatory atmosphere to denounce and attackthe newly born state of Zimbabwe. The criticism ranged from accusing ZANU PF of adopting a foreign ideology to saying that the Party was missing the goal. Others went to the extent- of suggesting that if they held the reigns of power, they could deliver better and quicker. The new international situation following the disintegration of the socialist countries and the economic relations dominated by the industrialised countries has given new impetus to the original supporters of the Rhodesian regime and their local critics of the government of Zimbabwe. These pseudo Marxists and critics of the ZANU PF government are now~being told by western countries that they could be assisted financially and otherwise to come to power if they changed their slogan from being champions of "Marxism-Leninsm" to the now fashionable "democracy", "transparency", and "human rights". This time, democracy and all the terminology used are no more foreign concepts, even though the word democracy does not even exist in the indigenous languages. Of course, they are giving no credit to the scientific approach and -pragmatic way in which ZANU PF has approached problems in Zimbabwe since independence. The question The Zimbabwe News is asking is whether you were a "Marxist- Leninist" practical, pragmatic or scientific socialist, democrat, or human rights activist, for whose interests are you playing the game? Patriotic Zimbabweans are not playing games, for they know where they came from. Zimbabweans with the interests of their people and country at heart are loyal to the welfare of the nation and the true path to progress and socio-economic development. It is not a hobby one takes after retirement. rhey will not betray the cause that their brethren suffered and died for. Total independence will not be born out of selling out the country for thirty pieces of silver. . 5 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Beware of divisionists Dear Editor The ghastly photographs I have seen accompanying many of the stories published in a number of local and international newspapers and magazines on the situation in Rwanda depict horrors of extreme violence and bloodshed. I pray that not even a tenth of the horrors .see a ray of light in Zimbabwe. My concern is that, like the Rwandan situation, where you have the majority Hutu pitted against the minority Tutsi, Zimbabwe has two main tribes, the majority Shona and the minority Ndebele. Thank God, instead of drawing daggers against each other, there is unity forged through ZANU PF. Therefore then, I call upon all Zimbab- weans to work for the consolidation of our unity for it is the only basis upon wbich we can continue to enjoy peace and stability which are prerequisites to economic develbpment. Ow enemies will spare no effort in wanting to see us divided so that a situation like the one in Rwanda can be created. It will all be to our disadvantage. Remember, some people and even some countries are known for fishing in troubled waters. They form trouble spots in the world so they can have areas where they can test their weapons, sell them and create missions for their soldiers. We saw it happening in Somalia. It's going on now in Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Let Zimbabwe not fall into the same trap. I strongly appeal to all Zimbabweans not to be misled by opportunistic parties like the FORUM, ZUM, UANC etcetera. If you examine their objectives, they have nothing to offer besides creating conditions for disunity, chaos and bloodshed. What surprises me is that some whites, people to whom President Mugabe extended a hand of reconciliation, are the ones funding and encouraging divisions amongst us. They should remember that if bloody violence breaks out in Zimbabwe, no matter for what reason, no one will be spared. United we stand, Divided we fall. BULAWAYO Open letter to our parliamentarians Cde. Malachia Madimutsa A s the country prepares for next year's elections, a definite trend is coming out in the open among some of our parliamentarians. This trend has all the characteristics of primitive politicking. For several months now, some parliamentarians are concentrating on tribal and ethnic issues instead of spending their time on matters of national economic, political and social development. We have seen the august gathering at ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 the Baker Avenue building in Harare nauseating the public with supposedly self- righteous references to government neglect of development projects in Matabeleland and Manicaland. Recently, another topic of politics of village power struggles has been the subject of heated debate in the National House of Assembly. Government officials from the Chikomba district have been attacked in Parliament for remaining in their posts for 14 years - since independence and for appointing their "home boys" to important positions in government and the parastatals. Primitive In this age, it is disgustingly primitive for our Members of Parliament to remain preoccupied with tribal idiosyncrasies with6ut regard to the national interest. This nation was born out of the womb of mutual suffering under settler oppression. Settler regimes oppressed all blacks regardless of which area a black came from. Consequently, this generalised racial oppression serves the positive factor of uniting all blacks against the oppressors and their oppression. The unity of black heroic fighters against settler oppression was manifested through a higher national consciousness which rose high above one's own home area. Thus, guerrillas from Matabeleland fought alongside their compatriots in Mashonaland and vice versa. Even within the provinces, Karangas fought side by side with Manyikas as comrades in . Zezurus joined Ndaus and others in liberation battles in and other places. Up to independence, guerrillas had a national consciousness that regarded any reflections of tribalism with harsh hostility. This guerrilla revolutionary consciousness has been terribly diluted by reactionary elements surfacing furtively every year since independence. These reactionary elements have recruited sufficient numbers of proselytes to be able to come into the open now and down-grade national consciousness. At a Bulawayo council meeting in April, some Ndebele councillors bitterly complained against the employment in Matabeleland of non-Ndebele-speaking teachers and claimed that school passes in the Ndebele language could improve with the exclusive employment of Ndebele-speaking teachers in Matabeleland. This tribalistic complaint did not take into consideration the possibility that other non-Ndebele-speaking areas would reactively demand Ndebele school teachers should be posted to their districts. The Bulawayo City Council meeting's Continued on page 4

Open letter to our parliamentarians, Continued from page 3. complaints were being aired when the 1993 examination results showed a 92 percent pass in Ndebele in the area. In 1 99Z, the Ndebele pass was 91 percent. On the other hand, Shona passes in Mashonaland were respectively 65 and 70 percent during these years. All over the world, langu/ge passes and passes in any other subject are not determined by the tribal or ethnicity of the teacher. Many other factors combine to determine the final examination results. Even in England, under -English native teachers of the Queen's language, passes in English are rarely above 80 percent. One English daily recently lamented over low passes in English schools in eastern England. If some of our parliamentarians and local government councillors can free themselves so as to sink so low in tribal muck to the extent that they waste time and tax-payers' money on debates about Dr. Utete and the clans he is alleged to be promoting in Chikomba district, and again talk about the imagined lowering of proficiency in the Ndebele language in schools when high passes of over 90 percent are being achieved in Matabeleland, then the electors should have a fresh look at the quality of their elected representatives. Deformation The natural homogeneous development of the black nation of Zimbabwe began with national cohesion during the building of stone structures scattered all over the country hundreds of centuries before the coming of settler invaders. Ruins of these stone structures have their centre at Great Zimbabwe but they cover an area extending from central Mozambique, eastern Botswana, northern Transvaal and southern Zambia. Across the Limpopo are the Mapungubwe Ruins and across the Zambezi are the lng'ombe Ilede Ruins. Inside Zimbabwe, these ruins are found at Chitako cha Gonyo near Mt. Fura in Mashonaland Central, at Penhalonga in Manicaland, at Waddilove in Mashonaland East, at Khami, Naletale and Dlodlo in Matabeleland. Achaeologists have so far listed more than 700 stone ruins of varying sizes scattered in all districts Pf the present territory of Zimbabwe. All these ruins served as a theocratic and unitary ancient state whose religion was the Worship of Tovera or Musikavanhu, now known as Mwari. Some Zimbabweans shallowly knowledgeable about ancient Bantu history seek to separate Ndebeles from Shonas without knowing that the Nguni Ndebeles (together with other Bantu groups in South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana) were the first wave of immigrants from Guruuswa (East Africa) to settle in the present territory of Zimbabwe. The northern movement of Mzilikazi's people was a return to northern origins and not a vandalic invasion. This is confirmed by the fact that King Lobengula died in Lundazi in eastern Zambia on his way Back to ancestral origins in Guruuswa in East Africa after historic violent encounters with white invaders. The true history of the people of Zimbabwe has suffered from calculated narrative deformations by biased white historians bent on dividing and ruling an ethnically homogeneous Bantu people. Malachia M. Basvi Madimutsa Harare. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 KUMUKA BUS SERVICE (PVT). LTD. For A Stainless Reputation In Passenger Transport P.O. Box 32 P.O. Box ST 47 Tel: 332 Southerton Mutoko Tel:63429/64376 Harare

Economy to grow by ffour percent Cde. President R.G. Mugbe he economy is this year poised to grow by 4.4 percent after. the country registered an exceptionally good agricultural season, the President, Cde. has said. Speaking on the occasion of Zimbabwe's 14th independence anniversary in Harare on April 18, 1994, Cde. Mugabe said government is exploring new alternatives aimed at enhancing economic performance while aiming simultaneously at reducing the rate of inflation. Already, the restrictive monetary measures adopted in 1992 have yielded positive results, reducing inflation from a peak of 49 percent in August, 1992 to 18 percent by December, 1993. The fall, he said, greatly contributed to the decline of interest rates over the same period. The following is the full text of his address: As we meet to observe and celebrate the fourteenth anniversary of our national independence, we do so with greater expectations of better, economic pdrformance in the next twelve months, largely due to the improved domestic environment and prospects for peace in the region. We also start this new year of our historical development fwith a new Zimbabwean National Anthem: "Ngaikomborerwe Nyika yeZimbabwe", "Kalibusiswe lizwe leZimbabwe", "Blessed be the Land of Zimbabwe". As we march into our 15th year of independencelet us therefore all lift high our flag which is mentioned in the very first line of the new anthem and which means so much to all our people. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 i The year 1993 saw the beginning of post-drought recovery, with the economy registering a growth rate of two percent in real terms compared to a decline of eight percent during the drought. This was mainly because we had an exceptionally good agricultural season. Prospects for 1 994 look even brigther with the economy poised to grow by 4.4 percent, a rate which, with more effort and determination, we can certainly exceed, for, after all, developing countries elsewhere in the world and especially in Asia have consistently registered growth rates of around 6-12 percent per annum. Government has tnleretore been pursuing and exploring new alternatives aimed at enhancing economic performr nce while aiming simultaneously to reduce the rate of inflation. Already, the restrictive monetary measures adopted in 1992 have yielded positive results, reducing inflation from a peak of 49 percent in August, 1992, to, 18 percent by December, 1993. This fall greatly contributed to the decline of the interest rates over the same period. For example, the Reserve Bank's overnight lending rate to discount houses fell from 39 percent in June, 1993, to the current level of 28 percent. This positive trend is expected to continue as budgetary expenditures increasingly come under strict control. Reform measures Other reform measures implemented in the past 12 months resulted in import licensing being dispensed with, prices of most commodities decontrolled and subsidies on bread and roller meal removed, accounting for a saving on the, central budget of approximately $500 million. In addition, foreign exchange management had been discontinued, allowing companies to operate foreign currency denominated accounts and making foreign currency freely available on the market, effectively bringing to an end a system that has been in opera. tion in this country since 1965. However, the performance of many of the parastatals continue to be a cause for concern, as in many cases they have yet fully to adapt themsevels to the new economic climate and move away from reliance on subsidies. A large number of parastatals operate well below their expected targets. This calls for urgent remedial action as the subsidy situation is unsustainable. The Senior Minister of Finance, Dr. B. T G. Chidzero In sectoral performacne, 1993/94 experienced mixed fortunes. In agriculture, the season started off on a promising note with early crop doing very well. Unfortunately, due to inadequate rains' received in the second half of the season, the late crop has been a write-off, reducing our earlier forecast for the grain intake this, year. Notwithstanding this turn of events, there will be adequate food to see us through to the next harvest. Cattle numbers have remained depressed after severe losses of 1992 and this has been exacerbated by fatalities from tick-bore and lumpy skin diseases, which have been considerably higher this year, although corrective measures are being pursued through the expanded veterinary infrastructure. In a related exercise, the foot-and-mouth disease control measures were generally successful as evidenced by the inclusion of Gutu, and in the European Economic Community (EEC) catchment area, which not only enabled the Cold Storage Commissicn (CSC) to meet its quota of 9 100 tonnes but also an additional 5 142 tonnes, increasing the annual beef earning by $163 million. The recent increase of 5 000 tonnes to our beef quota should further boost our earnings. Apart from the EEC market, we are also looking to other markets for our beef in the Far East, Malaysia being one such country with which consultations have been successfully completed. Manufacturing Generally, the performance of the manufacturing sector has been positive, Continued on page 6

Economy to grow by four percent Zimbabwe will soon export local beef to the Far East Continued from page 5 with the sector expected to grow by six percent. However, the textile industry has been adversely affected by the increased price of lint, removal of the nine percent export incentive scheme and the high duty imposed by South Africa on our textile and clothing exports, to protect its own industry. However, government is examining the situation with a view to finding appropriate immediate solutions. Trade with Botswana received a big boost with the removal of surtax on goods traded between the two countries. Zimbabwe signed the treaty establishing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), which is a major milestone on the road to achieving greater regional economic cooperation and integration. Within the framework of both our regional organisations, steps were initiated towards the establishment of more favourable trading arrangements with Zambia, Mozambique and Malawi. At the international level, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was agreed, heralding a more iberalised international trading environment. Its final signing by all nations will occur in Marrakesh (Morocco) later this month so that states can proceed to ratify it. In the past year, government has paid particular attention to trade and investment promotion, and a number of investment missions were undertaken to the United Kingdom and Portugal, China. Hong Kong, North and South Korea and Malaysia, among other countries. New investments The missions have generated a lot of interest, resulting in some new investments and a substantial increase in export orders. Already, the Zimbabwe Investment Centre is facilitating twinning arrangements between local and foreign investors in identified areas. This move will not only bring in new technology but also enhance the capitalisation of our industry. This year, the mining sector is expected to grow from the previous level of one percent to three percent in real terms. This positive trend is attributable to the good performance of gold and nickel on the international market, and stable water and power supplies following a good rainy season. There has also been a sharp increase in mineral exploration, particularly that of diamonds, which accounts for 98 out of the current 131 exclusive prospecting orders, as a result of the favourable investment climate now prevailing in Zimbabwe. The current financial year has seen the completion of 14 road projects and 17 level bridges at a cost of over $190 million. In addition, the District Development Fund (DDF) spent $72 million in road construction and maintenance. Further, an agreement was reached with South Africa to build a second bridge across the Limpopo River at Border Post, and other road agreements have been signed with Mozambique, Malawi, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. _.M In health, progress has been registered in the infrastructural development of the central hospitals, particularly the construction of a new outpatients department and a paediatric unit at Harare Hospital, and a maternity wing at Mpilo Hospital to accommodate increased patient load. These developments 'are complementing the expansion of district hospitals under the Family Health Project, now in Phase I. Mission Hospitals Most recently, government has provided an additional allocation of $3.7 million for the current financial year to improve the quality of service rendered at mission hospitals. Further, our health system demonstrated its robustness by successfully containing the cholera outbreakin a seven-month period when in other settings it has been known to take longer. Notwithstanding these achievements, optimum performance of the sector has been hampered by a decline in the funding levels for the health sector and a grossly overstretched management. This is an issue government is addressing with a sense of utmost urgency. Government has forged ahead with the programme of providing decent and affordable housing to all. To date, more than 4 000 housing units have been completed and sold on a rent-to-buy basis. Efforts are now underway to relocate urban squatters to authorised planned urban settlements with suitable accommodation, good sanitary facilities and reticulated water. Government has also provided funds for rural housing construction Other efforts to transform rural areas continue. In this connection, the former rural and district councils have been integrated, eliminating the last vestiges of the racially-inspired dual administration system. Efforts are currently being directed at enhancing self-government for rural communities, widening the democratic base and promoting a more efficient and effective administrative system. Local authorities To this end, government is currently engaged in rationalising rural administrative structures to reduce central govemment's intervention in the affairs of local authorities. However, councillors, officials and other local leaders will be expected to consult with the people extensively before implementing new projects, and exercise transparency in Continued on page 8 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NC

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Economy to grow by four percent The decontrol of prices of various commodities and the removal of subsidies on bread and roller meal resulted in govern ment saving about $500 million on the central budget Continued from page 6 their dealings so as to be fully accountable to the communities they serve. ,This financial year, government, recognising the increasing importance of the Social Dimensions of Adjustment Programme, increased Its contribution to the Social Development Fund (SDF) from $20 million to $150 million. By the end of 1993, a total of $11,7 million had been disbursed for training and employnent creation purposes. By March 3, 1994, a total of 4 500 retrenched workers had been retrained and 408 smallscale income generating projects worth $23 million, in manufacturing retail, services, agriculture and construction, had been approved. In addition, a total bf $8.9 million was paid out towards school fees and $6,2 million as examination fees for children of the poor. in a related programme, government, in co-operation with donor agencies also vigorously pursued projects which sought to integrate handicapped children into the formal education system and acquired a sophisticated braille press for the production of books and other materials for the blind. Peace-keeping Zimbabwe's foreign policy has recently been expressed through our involve- ment in peace efforts and mediation to promote democracy. Our forces are playing a useful ro in the peacekeeping mission in alia and in the monitoring exercises in Angola and troubled Rwanda under the auspices of both the United Nations and the Organisation of African Unity. Developments in these countries will be monitored very closely to ensure that our continued participation remains within the agreed terms of reference. In Mozambique, it is pleasirig to note that the peace process is progressing well and that preparations for the multiparty elections due to be held in October are well underway. We, therefore, hope that both the Frelimo government and Renamo will remain committed to the task before them, so that lasting peace can be achieved in their country. The situation in war-ravaged Angola continues to be volatile, but Zimbabwe remains supportive of the current negotiations and it is our fervent hope that the parties to the conflict will soon resolve their outstanding difference and reach a lasting peace agreement. Early this year, at the inivitation of the Commonwealth secretary-general, Zimbabwe played a mediation role alongside Botswana and South Africa in helping to resolve the uprising that had taken place in Lesotho. Following the mission's findings and recommenda- tions, the Lesotho government set up a commission of enquiry to look into the background of the conflict. In the meantime, it is encouraging to note that the situation in that country has since improved. :Further, in February this year, we were requested by the Commonwealth Observer Mission to South Africa to provide civilian observers to monitor the elections and four army officers to serve in that country's national peace-keeping force. We hope these and other efforts will ensure a peaceful atmosphere in the period leading to the first multi-party elections due to be held at the end-of April. We are, however, perturbed by the escalating violence in the Natal/Kwazulu area and the threatened boycott of the elections by the Inkatha Freedom Party. In general, we have done well in the year just past. Let us all continue to work for progress and prosperity as our common purpose with a strong sense of commitment to peace and unity so as to ensure that we not only exceed the past performance levels but also meet the new targets of our economic reform programme. Our resolution has so far demonstrated that even with the odds against us, we are able, through dedication and commitment, to overcome the severest of hardships. s i ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Squabbles tear opposition parties Forum casualty of serious split he ruling ZANU PF seems to have a jinx over opposition political parties in Zimbabwe. No sooner is a party formed to oppose the President, Cde. Rol:ert Mugabe, and the Government than It is torn asunder by bickering as the leaders go at each other's throats in vicious power struggles diverting them from their sworn pledge of unseating ZANU PF. It all started with the (ZUM) founded in 1989 by former ZANU secretary-general, Edgar Tekere, who was eager to see a serious opposition to ZANU PF. Hardly two years after ZUM was launched when it was seemingly riding the crest of the wave on the popularity stakes among voters, the party was rocked by a leadership wrangle in June 1991 which eventually resulted in the formation of a breakaway faction led by Dr. Emmanuel Magoche. Magoche and his cronies, who included Davison Gomo, Giles Mutsekwa and Wurayayi Zembe, were later to form the Democratic Party taking with them a sizeable following from ZUM. Tekere, described the split in ZUM as the work of infiltrators sponsored by senior members of ZANUPF whose agenda was to topple him and ultimately hijack the party. -His problems were far from over with the exodus of Magoche and company. In February 1992, Tekere barely survived another spirited attempt to oust him from the leadership of ZUM which was masterminded bv the then party secretary- general, Professor Masipula Sithole, supported by then ZUM National Organising Secretary, Joshua Cohen and Secretary for External Affairs, Alois Masepe. Masipula Sithole was to be expelled for choreographing the still-born palace coup while Cohen, Masepe, Isaac Manyemba, Dominic Machaka, Victor Gwekwerere ani Stanley Musonza were slapped with suspensions. All of these suspended ZUM members were to re-surface later in the Forum Development Trust, a political pressure group that would eventually mature into a full-blown political organisation, the Forum Party of Zimbabwe (FPZ). ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 Marriage of convenience: Bishop Muzorewa (left) and Edgar Tekere have merged the UANC and ZUM The chohesiveness and unity within tional Council (UANC) and the ConservaZUM was to be further eroded when tive Alliance of Zimbabwe (CAZ), a party some party top brass such as Francis with loyalty to former Rhodesian prime Zindoga and Raphael Hamadziripi, in minister . defiance of Tekere,'aligned themselves Divisions within the opposition parties with the United Front, a nascent coali- witin he itiona tion of opposition political parties includ- were also manifest in ZANU (Ndonga) ing ZANU (Ndonga), United African Na- Continued on page 11 .... A .. ... ir Iaill fi eglm Shipping, Clearing and Forwarding Agents "7 Pife Avenue P.O. Box 208 Hom U1mbIbw. " /...i If you are importing or exporting, whether by sea, air rail and road you need an agent that is reliable, Airlund freight, with a team of dedicated, highly trained protessionals who are fast on their feet, are totally committed to service, We have offices in Harare and Beitbridge and plans to start up in Plumtree are under way OaAirland Freight are represented in South Africa and overseas and works closely with Air Zimbabwe and Affretair PERSONAL ATTENTION AND GRACIOUS SERVICE IS AN ANCIENT TRADITION AT AIRLAND For oll your cargo requirements contact us on the "!'s -following Telephones: 791515 or 79416/7 Fax: 702544 Telex: 24767 ZW and we will go to the ends of the earth to give you world-class service 10 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 N

Squabbles tear opposition parties Patrick Kombayi - known on 7y or ft ing Into new parties Continued from page 9 where party leader, Reverend Ndabanin. gl Sithole, In November 1992 had to fire his vice president, Leonard Nyemba and a senior youth leader for "betraying" the party. Sithole was to announce in March last year that ZANU (Ndonga) had pulled outf of the United Front, further weakening an opposition partnership that had ganged up to devise a strategy to remove ZANU PF from power. So, when the Forum Party of Zimbabwe (FPZ) was launched on March 27 last year with Zimbabwe's former Chief justice, Enock Dumbutshena, as its presi. dent, political bookmakers tipped it as the party that would give the ruling Party, ZANU PF a run for their money, come the next election race in 1995. The same bookmakers could not be faulted now for revising their odds-on favourite to win Zimbabwe's fourth general election because like ZUM, the Forum Party is now a casualty of a seri. ous split within Its ranks. The FPZ was recently shaken by a demonstration against the party leader. ship orchestrated by founding member Joshua Cohen who accused Dumbutshe. na and other leaders of tribalism, racism and dictatorship. Cohen and 21 other party members were expelled by the National Executive Council but he refused to step down say. ing his expulsion was unconstitutional, and In this he was supported by FPZ na. tional chairman, Agrippa Madlela. He accused Dumbutshena of being In. effective and charged that the FPZ lead. er had failed to salvage the party from internal squabbles wrecking It. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 He said Dumbutshena ,looks down" upon fellow blacks and was a "white man's boy, a black whiteman" being used by a "few whites". In an Interview at his Arcturus homestead, 35 km north east of the cap, Ital, Harare, Dumbutshena said that when he agreed to lead the Forum Party, he was advised by an important chief that, some of the people In the FPZ had In fact destroyed ZUM and were going to cause trouble. "They are giving us trouble, the same people. The warnings have come from many people, that our party had been infiltrated," said Dumbutshena. "Our membership records were stolen towards .the end of last year. Then we started receiving Information that some of our members were in fact members of the Police Internal Security and Inte* hlgence (PISI)." He said the meeting in to expel Cohen and 21 other members was con. stitutional as it was attended by 16 members of the National Executive Council from , , Matabeleland, Midlands and Mashonaland, "For Madlela to announce that the expulsions were null and void is stupid The executive took its decisions and that is what we go by and not the mouth. Ings of an individual," The former Chief justice took exception to accusations that he was being used by whites who were in control of the FPZ. Ndtaoningi 51t/loles ZANU lNdotlga) 1s dogged by divisions and tribal politics "All these things can only come from an unintelligent person," He said "Firstly, there is no white member that controls the party. There are only three white members of the executive bit they do not control anyone. Anyone who knows my character knows that it is not easy 6-' -EI Enock Dumbutshena - fired for Joshua Cohen accused Dumbuishena ol incompetence dictatorship

Squabbles tear oppositic Continued from page 11 to control me. I have controlled whites, I control whites." As for the recent leadership crisis within FPZ, Dumbutshena said this could not have come at a better time. "In fact, we are very fortunate that at this time, nearly 12 months before elections, we have had these people and we are flushing ,out all of them. In fact, many of our :members are happy that we expelled these 22 members and that we should continue to expel some more. With us this is a passing phase. It is strengthening our party," he stated. The 22 have since been reinstated and Dumbutshea fired from the FPZ for incompetence, tribalism and dictatorship. However, Dr. Solomon Nkiwane, Chairman of the University of Zimbabwe's Department of Political and Administrative Studies, believes the bickering in the FPZ and other opposition parties puts the ruling ZANU PF at an advantage. "The bickering in opposition parties, firstly, is making it very easy for ZANU PF to campaign for next year without any trouble because they do not really have a credible opposition," says Nkiwane. "Secondly, there is a sign that the population is becoming apathetic and losing interest because the opposition parties are spending time bickerjng. "We are witnessing the emergence of a culture of political bickering in Zimbabwe. It is almost inevitable that when a political party is formed, it is soon followed by bickering among the leaders." ZANU PF can only hope that like a contagious disease, the bickering will spread to the new UANC-ZUM merger which has Tekere and short-lived ZimbabweRhodesia prime minister, Bishop , as co-presidents. In interviews, reputable political scientists and academics dismissed the UANC- ZUM merger as a marriage of convenience that would be lucky to survive up to the 1995 general election. "Tekere and Muzorewa, they seem to be most unlikely people to work together. History may prove us wrong, but I do n parties not see this merger lasting." says Nkiwane. "I think both Tekere and Muzorewa have strong characters and I do not think one is going to give way to the other. Honestly, I do not see something lasting between them. I think a time will come they will have to decide who is the boss." According to Professor Eliphas Mukonoweshuro, Dean of the University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Social Studies, the "Marriage of convenience" between Tekere and Muzorewa is not going to last to the 1995 general elections. "There is no way these two can work together," says Mukonoweshuro. Should Tekere and Muzorewa fail to work together and the UANC-ZUM merger crumbles and should divisions continue to dog the FPZ and ZANU (Ndonga), then the electorate could be forgiven for concluding that the ruling ZANU PF may have put a hoodoo on th opposition parties to ensure it stays in power. El ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 Subscriptiod Form For ZIMBABWE NEWS Please send: 012 issues (1 Year) Z$15 E06issues (six months) Z$7.50 CA subscription form for other countries than Zimbabwe to the undermentioned person: N a m e : ...... (Please Print) ...... The Rates Include Postage and Handling. I enclose my cheque/postal order for the amount indicated above. Mail to: The Circulation Manager The People's Voice 144 Union Avenue Harare Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe's investment drive goes to Hong Kong resident Robert Mugabe left Harare on Tuesday, March 22 for a five-day investment campaign trip to one of the East Asian economic tigers, Hong Kong. Accompanied by a high powered delegation comprising Zimbabwe's top industrialists and businessmen, Cde. Mugabe met businessmen from Hong Kong, , South Korea and Taiwan, as well as China. Zimbabwe has recently embarked on a vigorous campaign to attract foreign investment since the adoption of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) in 1991 to revive the country's economy which had exprienced negative growth rates in the early 1980s. Cde. Mugabe has already made similar trips to Portugal, the United States and the United Kingdom. In May thi, year, Cde. Mugabe paid a state visit to Britain and also gave a keynote address to a major investment conference on Zimbabwe organised by the Confederation of British industry. The man behind the investment campaigns both in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong is Algy Cluff, owner of Cluff Resources PLC, which owns and operates one of Zimbabwe's largest opencast gold mines. Investors Foreign Affairs Minister, Cde. told ZIANA the purpose of the Hong Kong trip was two fold. The first was to speak to prospective investors in Hong Kong since it is regarded as the meeting ground for both Asian and European business people. The four economic tigers have rapid economic development and such countries as Malaysia, Indone sia and Thailand have earned their economic success from trading with them. The other aim is to make contact with Asian businessmen to find out how they manage their economic thrust and how they exchange goods. Zimbabwe could have a great future with Hong Kong, more so if there is a formal bilateral trade agreement. Despite the absence of a formal trade agreement with Hong Kong, trade between the two countries has been going on with the Zimbabwe High CommisZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 sion in London representing Zimbabwe's interests in Hong Kong, which is still a British colony. Industry and Commerce Deputy Minister, Cde. Simon Moyo told ZIANA that the volume of trade between the two countries indicated that formalisation of trade could only have a positive effect on the two countries' trade volumes. Trade statistics from 1985 to 1991 indicate an increase in the volume of trade between the two countries. The trade figures for the years under review indicate that Zimbabwe has enjoyed a positive trade balance. During the years 1985 to 1989 trade volumes had been fairly stable, with slight positive and negative fluctuations during that period. In 1990 there was a significant increase especially on the exports. Exports increased by over 448 per cent during 1989 when value of exports were $12 863 592 and in 1990 when value of exports were $57 749 019. imports Imports increased by 152 per cent with a total value of $12 784 in 1989 and $19528 in 1990. In 1991 the value of exports went crown by almost five million dollars whilst imports went up by over $20 million. January to June 1992 saw a total value of exports to Hong Kong of $37 655 893 and imports worth $25 435 442. Zimbabwe's major exports to Hong Kong have mainly been primary products and semi-processed goods. These include fresh and frozen meat, tobacco, animal skins and cut granite. Tobacco alone had a total value of over $25 million. Major imports from Hong Kong comprised mostly of finished goods, including clothing and textiles, watches, toys and clocks as well as electronic components. "Zimbabwe should endeavour to increase areas of co-operation, particularly through the establishment of joint ventures which will present a forum for technological transfers in the manufacturing sector," said Cde. Moyo. "This in turn would enhance competitiveness of Zimbabwean products on the world market as well as increase the country's exportation of value added goods. The foreign exchange that would be gained by such a move goes without saying." Trade relations between the two countries, he said, should be strengthened by participating in each other's trade fairs and encouraging trade missions between the business communities of both countries. The trip is also as a result ofa study carried out by ZimTrade last year which undertook a trip to the Far East and A~ign countries. "The study revealed that Zimbabwe has the ability to enter a niche market in certain products such as the export cut flowers, precious stones, particularly emeralds and gold products. "However, it will struggle in the textiles and clothing sector which are highly developed in those countries," said ZimTrade chief executive Morrison Sifelani in an interview. Zimbabwe ought to look at opportunities for joint ventures in Zimbabwe with, entrepreneurs in Hong Kong, particularly those looking for relocation after 1997 when the island will be handed to China. "We also found out that a lot of industries were moving into high tech and that the labour intensive companies could be successfully relocated to Zimbabwe and create jobs and exports," said Sifelani. Business strategies "For that reason, I think the visit by President Mugabe will pay dividends in many directions," said Sifelani. "We should immediately follow up this with appropirate business strategies and derive maximisation from the benefits of President Mugabe's tour," he said. ' Sifelani said a lot of companies were involved in exports of cut flowers to Hong Kong, an industry which he described as highly competitive. But, however, the trade volumes between the two countries indicated that the Hong Kong enterpreneur knew about the Zimbabwean market more than what Zimbabweans knew about Hong Kong. "it is therefore imperative that aggressive marketing strategies should be Continued on page 15

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,Zero tilage farmers reap benefits ecause of rapid population growth and land congestion, farmers are now forced to consistently cultivate food crops on the same piece of land without practising crop rotation. Even some very marginal areas are now being put to intensive cultivation, a practice which has resulted in rampant degradation and destruction of forests and siltation of major rivers. Henry Elwell, a noted conservationist, has predicted that unless something is done to contain land misuse, Zimbabwe could annually lose up to Z$2,5 million worth of soil nitrogen and phosphorus from sheet erosion alone. The cost of replacing nutrients at 1993 prices has been estimated at more than Z$1 0 billion annually. Widespread ploughing in communal areas has been singled out as the greatest cause of poverty and land degradation. Steps are now being taken to introduce conservation farming which puts the plough to rest forever. The Organisation of Collective Cooperative in Zimbabwe (OCCZIM) has cosponsored, with Rio Tinto Foundation, the publication of 'Conservation Farming', a booklet on zero-tillage, for the benefit of communal, small-scale, resettlement and co-operative farmers to become more productive and prosperous on a substainable basis. The booklet was written by Boran 01dreive, a prominent farmer in Mtepatepa area ofVBindura District in Mashonaland Central Province. Escape route Zero-tillage became the escape route after the worst drought in living memory of 1991-92 season wiped out most of the draught power in Zimbabwe's communal farming areas. During the subsequent bounteous rainy season, farmers had to use hoes to plant their fields. Since then zero-tillage has become the catchword among producers with progressive ideas. Richard Winkfield, a scientist with Art Farm, an Agricultural Research Institution in Harare, says in the foreword that Zimbabwe's investment goes to Hong Kong Continued from page 13 taken up by both countries in order to redress the situation," said Moyo. Hong Kong's economy is based almost exclusively on manufacturing for export, although it has no natural resources to boast about. "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs should move swiftly to establish a consulate in Hong Kong to promote trade and investment between the two countries," added Moyo. Zimbabwe investment Centre Facilitation Executive Cde. Walter Chidhakwa said because of historical background, Zimbabwe found itself with investment from Britain and other European countries. "But you don't want to put all your eggs in one basket. Zimbabwe needs a variety of investors," he said. "We therefore look at the Hong Kong trip as a way of broadening our access to international wealth other than our traditional partners in business." Hong Kong historically is seen as a free trade zone which dates back to the 15th century. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 Chidhakwa said the centre has approved one big agricultural project with Hong Kong and discussions are underway with another one in the tourism sector. He said he feels the areas to look at when they get to Hong Kong are in the financial and packaging sectors. The commercial banks in the country, he said, were brought up in restrictive conditions. "Now that the goverment has liberalised the economy, what we need are more financial institutions coming to the system because we now have more players in the market. "In the past most banks' main clientele was made up of farmers, a few industrialists and miners but now these will not be enough for them to make profit. "If the number of banks increase, they will be forced to tap clientele even from the man in the street, even if it is a cent," said Chidhakwa. on packaging, Chidhakwa said in the past the country's exports were not competitive, not because of poor quality of commodities, but because the packaging did not meet international standards. time has come to stop the rape of the earth through destructive farming methods. If the destruction of natural resources is allowed to continue unchecked at the speed it has been going in the last 20 years by the next 20 years, there will be very little of it left, warns Winkfield. 0 By then, most of southern Zimbabwe will have become a desert, and there is ample evidence of this having occurred there already. There is a school of thought among conservationists which advocate the removal of people from parts of natural regions four and five and some parts of region three to arrest soil erosion there. "This action is of course politically and morally unacceptable," observes Winkfield. The answer to environmental degradation in these regions appears to lie in the adoption of zero-tillage in place of conventional ploughing methods. Oldreive says a farmer with basic tour labour units - family of four adults needs only hoes, fertilise., a piece of string and marking sticks to go into the field and get done with the job without having to worry about finding someone to plough for them. Zero tillage A farmer with oxen can use them for marking out the lines with a ripper or cultivator lines before the rains - on the express understanding that hand planting is recommended for the beginner in zero-tillage. Many small-scale farmers equate the relative prosperity of their commercial counterparts with tractors and heavy machinery used especially for expensive deep tillage. This has now been proved to be a complete fallacy in that deep tillage, if continued unabated, will eventually cause the loss and breakdown of soils in Zimbabwe. Tractors should only be used with a subsoiler or ripper to smooth away plough pans or compaction layers in the soil during the cropping period. Possession of tractors does not mean the farmers must machine-plant. At Hinton estate in Mtepatepa in District. all seed maize and much Continued on page 16

Bulawayo clothing industry threatened he illegal Zambian market for By Tambayl Nyika second-hand clothing has finally invaded Bulawayo, threatening the hub of Zimbabwe's clothing industry. This is despite attempts by the Zimbabwe government to curb the illicit trade, popularly known as 'salaula' in Zaabia, and fears by Bulawayo health authorities that the clothes pose a risk of spreading diseases to those who buy them. Started as an experiment at the dusty Nkulumane Shopping Centre last October, the thriving business has now come full circle as both Zimbabweans and Zambians compete for customers with Zimbabwe's ailing clothing industry. The Zimbabweans, who had all along restricted themselves to selling vegetables and trinkets from Botswana and South Africa, have suddenly discovered how much money is to be made from second-hand clothing. "Business is not bad especially if you are Working for yourself. The only problem is the trouble and discomfort one gets travelling to Zambia or Zaire, harassment by the police and customs officials. Zimbabweans have diversified from selling trinkets and vegetables to s clothing But once you are back, there is money to be made," said a hawker who refused to be identified. Zero tillage farmers reap benefits Continued from page 15 of commercial maize is hand planted. The estate has both hand and machine planted cotton, groundnuts and soyabeans which have yielded good results. However, experience has shown that for accuracy and evenness of stand, hand planting is still the best, thought it is labour intensive. Oldreive writes that zero-tillage - or greatly reduced tillage - is the best, most simple and practical method to achieve maximum crop yield and profit by saving soil, water and nutrients. It involves providing the soil with mulch cover from at least 30 per cent of crop residues left on the surface from the previous season. This cushions the impact of rain cover and reduces surface sealing. Soil erosion is minimised and infiltration improved through reduced lateral water movement. Moderated temperatures project seedlings from excessive heat or cold, and crusting and compactionare reduced t allow better seed emergence. A better root system develops closer ti the surface and facilities efficient fei tiliser use as more oxygen become available to the roots. Zero-tillage also means that the soil i not turned over and the roots of thi previous crop areleft intact. Costly and time consuming land prepa rations are eliminated, reducing th, need for heavy draught power. "If it can be made to work on large scale," says Oldreive, then surely it cat work on also small-scale." Hinton estate is, .ing trials on th, zero-till for Chiwi., 'rpall-scale coni munal farmers an CZIM-Affiiatei member co-oper4,if -countrywide. For zero-tillage to w9irkwell, explains 0] dreive, there shoiuc --'a minimum c 30 percent of the -u~ace covered b, Continued on page 21 From sunrise to sunset, seven days a week, the hawkers persevere the rains and blistering heat as they haggle over prices with customers that are increasingly shunning conventional clothing shops now only patronised by middle and high income groups. The popular "bomber" jackets cost as little as $50 at the market comparedto over $500 in shops, shirts range between $10 to $20 against shop prices of upwards of $45 while shoes cost as much as $40 against upwards of $85 in the shops. Customer's consideration seems to be the affordable cost rather than that the conditions of the items. Both Zambian, and Zimbabwean hawkers have found a way of luring customers through negotiated prices. A series. of haggling over prices takes place with a customer pointing out shredded threads here and there, a-loose button there until the two reach a compromise. This makes the market more attractive and with prices for new clothing galloping out of reach of the low in come, whaf more could the customers want. One of the Zambian vendors says she is not prepared to tell her name because I Continued on page 17 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Bulawayo clothing industry threatened As a result of the booming trade in second-hand clothing and the economic reform programme, about 24 000 cloti industry workers have lost their jobs Continued from page 16 often tne Bulawayo municipal police swoop on them after newspaper reports. "You should instead be writing about our need for proper facilities here instead of how illegal our activities are," she says in perfect English with a strong Zambian Bemba accent. Despite the booming trade, the Secretary General of the National union of the Clothing Industry (NUCI), Cde. Enos Molongwa, says Zimbabwe risks becoming a. second-hand clothing market as similar ones have been established in Harare, Mutare, Masvingo, and other towns, choking the local industry to a slow death. .. . . He says it is only a question of time be'fore there are retrenchinents as a result of the shrinking local market because the industry has transformed from people bringing in small quantities at a time to big bales of second-hand clothing. "As of now, the industry is depending on 60 percent exports and 40 percent local markets, yet the situation should be vice-versa. Because Zimbabwe is competing with other countries it may lose other markets," he says. Early this year, Deputy Minister of Industry and Commerce, Cde. Simon Moyo promised tb'i-b the illegal trade in second-han' lI Ig which he said threatened the ic 'odustry and could lead to loss of:ehoy4 ment. He noted that uP tQ24 000 workers in the industry had Idst their jobs as a result of the" economic reform programme and the competition brought about by these dealers. Cde. Moyo's threat contrasted .sharply with Bulawayo City Council's Director of Housing, Cde. Isaiah Magagula's promise that the local authority would build a $100 000 Vendors' Market to, cater for them. Magagula admitteo that although the Council did not approve of illegal vending there was little it could do to curb it because of high unemployment. What riles the clothing union is that most of the clothes are initially donated for humanitarian purposes to Africa's crisis areas but later diverted on the way by big business people who then sell them and make millions of dollars. The Zambian vendors professed ignorance of the origins of the clothes but admitted that there were "too much" of these clothes in Zambia and Mozambique that the market there was saturated, [] ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 2t NO.3

Spectrum receives Golden World Award Mr. Mudiwa Mundawarara, the CAPS director responsible for Mission Malaria (second from left) displays the award of excellency at a press conference in Harare. m ission Malaria, a community health education programme conducted by Spectrum Public Relations for CAPS Holdings Limited, has been named one of the top two public [eltions campaigns in the world. Every year, the International Public Relations Association (IPRA) recognises excellence in public relations with its IPRA Golden World Awards, sponsored by NEC. In 1993, 33 countries entered 168 campaigns, the highest in the programme's four-year history. Mission Malaria was entered in the community relations category, which attracted the highest number of entries at 17. It received top honours in that category before going on to win one of two overall IPRA Golden World Awards for excellence in public relations practice. Executive chairman of CAPS Holdings Limited, Dr. Mufaro Hove, said: "To have Mission Malaria recognised internationally at such a high level is indeed an honour and proof that Zimbahwe can be a world leader in health care We are absolutely delighted that the efforts of all those who have worked on Mis- sion Iviald r ,df ivereen Iewdiueu. irle trophies were presented to Ms Jill Day, managing director of Spectrum, at the XIII IPRA Public Relations Wodld Congress held last month in Punta del Este, Uruguay. A total of 30 awards in 18 categories went to entries from 14 countries, and a multinational panel of 13 public relations professionals met in Paris on February 4 this year to select the winners. The other campaign to win an IPRA Overall Golden World Award was a programme by the privatised German post office to persuade people to use new postal codes. The international award builds on the success achieved by Mission Malaria in the local Zimbabw41lttitute of Public Relations Awards dficellence, which were initiated by' Mg ' lDy during her year as president, pf0PR. The silver tray, a floating trophy, was awarded to Mrs Alison Dewar, a director of Spectrum, who worked on the campaign with Jill, at a lunch sponsored by Thomas international in November last year. Mission Malaria, Which has an annual budget of Z$60 000, is now in its third year. its focus is to encourage people to protect themselves against malaria, using traditional and modern methods and, should they become infected, explains how to recognise the symptoms and ways of treating the disease. Campaign initiatives so far have included an anti-malaria video, a wallchart for schools and clinics and an information brochure, all of which were produced as a result of co-operation with the Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control in the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare together with the Blair Research Institute. Last year, a highly-successful antimalaria essay competition for all secondary school children was held, which attracted entries from all over the country. This year, the latest phase of the campaign includes working together with pharmacies around the country to promote anti-malaria information and advice to as many people as possible. D ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Im Education with production By Chemist Mafuba Forner Minister of Education and Culture, Cde. Dzingai Mutumbuka (right) and then PFZAPU secretary for education, We, Phibion Makoni were tasked to spearhead edu cation with production ducation With Production (EWP), a concept designed to equip students with both academic and technical skills, has taken root in Zimbabwe. And showing the way in promoting EWP is the Zimbabwe Foundation for Education With Production (ZIMFEP), launched at independence in 1980 to foster the spirit of communalism In 1992, ZIMFEP formed its commercial company, ZIMFEP Investment Corporation, to cushion itself against economic woes should donor agencies decide to stop funding the foundation's multimillion dollar budget Education with production is an extension of what was nurtured at schools run by Zimbabwean liberation movements at refugee camps in neighbouring countries during the Chimurenga War. ZANU (PF) and PF-ZAPU, the parties that! prosecuted the liberation struggle, had common objectives on education for their cadres. So at tne inoependence, Cde. Dzingai Mutumbuka, who had been ZANU (PF) Secretary for Education, and his counterpart in PF-ZAPU, Cde. Ph bion Makoni, were tasked to spearhead EWP. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 Over the years, ZIMFEP has opened up 12 primary and secondary schools of its own countrywide to provide education and technical training for ex-combatants and former refugees. ZIMFEP head of education division, Cde. Matthew Bunu Mtobi, said it was realised that their schools were too few to make an impact, so in 1986 it was decided to launch an associate member schools programme enlisting government and private schools to take part. Associate member schools The number was limited to 400 to ensure the programme would be thoroughly monitored to ensure that productivity is achieved. In 1989, ZIMFEP set up the structure for the associate member schools programme comprising 61 district committees, nine rpgprjJ committees and one national e, tyeyq committee of 18 members, witltW from each region. The district cornits are responsible for planning and reiewing the activities of project units eskabished in their area. Regional comiittees have to verify project documents produced at district level and the national executive is the policy- making body. "We realise there is need for us to give skills in terms of people running a business," said Cde. Mtobi. "We want to build a business culture." Each school decides which production units or mini factories to go for to meet their own designs. ZIMFEP has so far been teaching pupils at the selected 400 schools how to organise themselves into mini companies during their spare time so they can transform themselves into effective cooperatives when they leave school. "They learn to work together as a team," said ZIMFEP deputy director Cde. George Farai Matiza. "They latri to lead themselves in production." The pupils are also taught how to elect their own management team and to appreciate that in production. there has to be effective administration, supervision and management. Project units The project units could be in the form of poultry-rearing, piggery, gardening or cookery. In their budget, students include all factors of production labour, capital, land and entrepreneurship. "The emphasis on budget is thatit should be profitable," said Matiza. "Students learn the process of putting a price which reflects a reasonable profit." The aim is that at the end of three years of secondary schouling, students should have become small entrepreneurs or small businesspersons well equipped to pass their "0" level examinations and qualify for "A" level or technical training. "Through associate schools membership programme, we are trying to influence people to respect labour. They should appreciate the value of owning the means of production themselves," said Matiza. "In production, it is not just quantity which counts, but also quality. Our students must have a culture of quality in production for them to realise profit on the market." Continued on page 20

Small Claims Courts now operational Courtesy of National Shoppers Guide mall Claims Courts were, as trom ed uncler an Act of P&YhaaiMnt and they the third of January established will determine smal,4dirms, mfinly of and put into operation in Harare a commercial nature, not exceeding and Bulawayo. . $2 000 in value. Not only will these small claims courts The procedure in these courts will be be of immense benefit to the public but simple and the costs have been cut to they will also improve the overall ad- the minimum, making them both useaministration of justice through relieving ble and accessible to e ordinary man the pressure on regular courts, and woman in the t . The small claims courts are constituat- The forms which tirtles to a claim Education with produc tion Continued from page 19 Education with production prepares stu dents for the labour market Vice President of the inaigenous busj ness Development Centre (IBDC) Cde. ,Frank Lupafya, praised ZIMFEP for hay;ing made great strides in its introduction of education with production. For the majority of students graduating from high schools, he said, education has not done much to prepare them for the world of work. "They are now settling for unskilled jobs in industry, domestic work and the informal sector," he said. "These problems lie at least in the school system itself." Labour market Cde. Matiza said an education system' which teaches a child to say they want to do "anything" to a prospective employer is not good enough. A student who has been exposed to EWP should be able to know what they are capable of doing when they enter the labour market. Problems linked to implementing project units have been lack of workshop facilities, equipment, and suitable literature. ZIMFEP has been trying to attach students to commerce and industry so they can link the smaller project units at the school to the big factory environment. "This is very difficult," Cde. Matiza noted. "You have to find companies which are willing to help out." Cde. Mtobi is convinced that students, having been given necessary skills and exposed to meaningful activities, should be in a position to enter into business in their own right when they leave school. "The 400 schools was the limit we could take". He said, "When they are running well, it will be the responsibility of the associate member schools to recruit more into the programme." Cde. Matiza said W, u on with production is now being =Was an inevitable educational systeMlf'lZimbabwe. "Government has made EWP a national policy," said Cde;,Matiza. "All schools are being encouraged to involve students in practical skills without separating them from academic subjects. We can say in EWP we are succeeding." 0 will use in these courts, namely the 'summons'. and the 'statement of defence' have been produced in a simpie easy to understand and 'user friidly' form. They are available, free of charge, at the court offices. Apart from t presiding officer, 'the small' claims courts will be staffed by a clerk of court and a legal assistant in completing the forms: In addition, t e Ministr of Jusice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs has had printed examples of how to make a claim and how to lodge a defence toa claim,. They will also be made available in the two main vernaculars, a translation of all the forms. Legal practitioners may not appear in these courts since the courts are intended for the use of individuals, In the court itself, the presiding officer is empowered by the law to adopt a simple but fair procedure for the settlement or determination of claims. The decision ot the small claims court is final and there is no appeal, though the High Court has a power of supervision as it retains its right to review the proceedings in the event of any complaint being made. As has already been mentioned, small claims courts have been opened initially in Harare and Bulawayo. The location of the courts is as follows:(a) In Harare, in the buildings formerly occupied by the Ministry of Construction at the corner of Fourth Street and Samora Machel Avenue. (b) In Bulawayo, in Tredgold buildings, L. Takawira Avenue. These courts will handle cases arising in the provinces of MashonalandtCentral and Matabeleland North, respectively. No doubt as experience in their operation develops, and as demand for them grows more will be opened in other centres in due course. 0 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 LIM 11AV%%', Cde. Muchaneta Nyambuya

Medicine and Democracy r tinuin public interest in the saof Richard Gladwell Mclown indicates that the people of Zimbabwe want altheir leaders to be accountable to them. This is true whetherthe leaders are politicians or businessmen or prof lonaltuch as doctors and lawyers. The public is watching very closely the decisions of the courts, the Health Professions Council and of the office of the Attorney-General, in the McGown case. The Attorney-General's office is the cenof our e system. That office i s represeted by senior lawyers on the Health Professions Council, the Drugs Control Council, and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. The Attorney-Generals office should therefore be in a unique position to monitor and expose research activities or medical practices of a questionable, hazardous, unethical or illegal nature. The Attorney-General's office qlso receives and reviews all table death dockets and attends all inquests arising from these dockets. Besides, the Attorney-General's office has got the constitutional power and duty to direct the police before or after an inquest, to carry out any criminal investigations, including investigations of cases arising from medical incidents. Such directives should normally include detailed legal minutes of the legal and factual issues to be investigated. The Attorney-General needs to reassure the public that his office has got the necessary legal and forensic skills and also the determination to perform these Important duties for promoting safe medicine. If not, let the AttorneyGeneral's office state what changes will now be introduced so as to strengthen Its institutional capacity in this regard. There is no shame in admitting past errors or weakness as long as steps are taken to put matters right. Two cases are enough to illustrate the problem at hand. Mrs Irene Papatheochorus died on 13 May, 1986, followi an appendix and gall stones operation. The inquest magistrate ruled, on 12 December, 1986, that the death. was due to "respiratory arrest, an unnatural cause consequent on the administration of lignocaine and morphine into the sub-arachnoid space." Criminal Zero tillage Continued from pag mulch or crop residue. If cattle graze the land and st( removed for stall-feeding, an amount of stover should rem end of winter. Cattle dung is returned to th is in itself a form of cover as not eat stover with too muc "A benefit of zero-till system, dreive, "is that rei ements fi power are miniMrl since ph eliminated. Thergfof*, the cc would be able to get by w oxen." A farmer who adopts~this sy a higher standardof manage achieve better ctbp yields respondingly much greater stover for cattle fooder. v a Zimbabwi Yaws Correponder charges were not filed against the anaesthetist, Dr. McGown, until 5th March, 1993, more than seven years after the inque 3?Nq concluded. Master KalpeghtiNigindas died on 13 July, 1988, a few hours after undergoing a circumcision. The inquest ruled that the death was "caused possibly by asphyxia or aspiration which is an unnatural cause." The Attorney-General's office, without further lnvestigitioni, on 24 January, 1990, orderedAhfqcket to be closed. The docket waAJbiwever, subsequently re-opened by the police on their own in 1992, and then represented to the Attomey-Generals Office. The office has now rule that the anaesthetot concemed, Dr. McGown, should face trial for manslaughter. The Attorney-General's Office needs to explain why the Nagindas docket was closed in the first place. If the evidence presented then at the inquest was inadequate to justify prosecution, what directives were given to the police with a view to reinvestigation, and when was this? As matters stand, table deaths that occured respectively in 1986 and 1988 will not see trial until 24th June, 1994. Mr. justice Smith, who used to represent the Attorney-General's office on the Health Professions Council, recently ruled that all restrictions imposed by farmers reap benefits "' e 16 Minister of Lands. W.riculture and Water Development, Cde. Kumbiral Kangai, over is not welcomed, in a speech read on his beadequate half, efforts Hinton Estate is making to ain at the involve small- scale farmers in innovative agricultural methods. e soil, and "Conservation tillage," he told a ticid cattle will day, "demands high labour inputs in :h dung. weeding and pest and disease control. ," says 01 "This criticism should be viewed as a :r draught challenge to those working to perfect the oughing is system. ommunity "This also applies to poor farmers since rith fewer the system has more to offer in terms stem with of economic benefits and sustainable ment will production." with cor- Zero-tillage presents a new challenge to yields of farmers who have spent a life-time practising conventional tillage. El ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 it that Council on Dr. McGown's Practising Certificate should be suspended. The reason given by judge Smith was that these restrictions would reduce the anaesthetist's income-eaming capacity considerably. The question arises: Who is to protect the right of patients to live? A local human rights organisation, ZimRights, has expressed its "astonishment" at Mr. Justice Smith's ruling. Several Members of Parliament have also voiced their sense of disquiet. The Attorney- General's office should consider seriously recusing itself from prosecuting the McGown case, given the fact that it had previously closed several of the table deaths dockets that form a part of the prosecution. An independent prosecutor, preferably from outside Zimbabwe, could be retained to undertake the prosecution. it would damage public confidence in the rule of law if all the questions raised by the public so far concerning the Attorney-General's office's conduct of the McGown dockets were to be ignored. This office ought to respond publicly and comprehensively to the many anxieties of the public on this issue. Neither the doctors, nor the judges, nor the Attorney-General office can henceforth take the people's trust for granted. They must earn it by explaining their doings and sayings. That is what democracy is all about. I

GATT, ESAP and he United States has a trade law called Super 301. Under this law, the US president is empowered to institute punitive tariffs of up to 100 per cent on the imports from any country which, in the US eyes, is seen to be restricting entry of US exports. The law provides for a negotiating period of 12 to 18 months within which the targeted country is expected to rectify the unfavourable trade balance with the United States. According to the 118 member GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) organisation, the Super 301 law boils down to "managed trade" as opposed to the ideal of free trade. In a speech delivered in New York on March 3 this year, the GATT director-general, Mr. John, Sutherland, said his organisation was "opposed to managed trade wherever it may be". His statement was prompted by the US invocation of Super 301 against . He went further to criticise the US move saying: "Any nation which demands a share of another country's internal market practises a misguided and dangerous policy from all points of view." Markets The balance of trade between the US and Japan is running at US$ 60 billion annually in favour of Japan. Since both countries are the foremost champions of free trade driven by market forces, it is puzzling to understand why the US government sees it fit to intervene into the free play of market forces. The real issue is between Japanese and US private companies. When the US government intervenes on behalf of its country's private businessmen, it sets a precedent where other countries may also intervene on behalf of their own nationals engaged in private enterprise. This trend nullifies the much vaunted capitalist freedom of market forces. Socialists have always argued that developed capitalism came as the direct result of government conscious promotion and support for the private enterprise of its nationals. It was only after the attainment of developed status in their own industrial structures that capitalist governments began to call for the acceptance of market forces in the economies of underdeveloped countries. It is not difficult to By Malachia M. Basvi Madimutsa British Prime Minister John Major (left) German Chancellor Helmut Kohl (ce and some officials at a European Community summit in December 1991 see the logic behind this supposedly eco, nomic democratisation of international trade. When those in the super league football call for free competition against teams in the third division, they do so with the full knowledge that they will always go away as the victors because their victory is assured by their status. In the case of Japan and the US, the trade game can only be fair because the two foremost capitalist countries lead the world in the development of their economies. The difference between the two is that while the Japanese have a higher savings ratio, the Americans take special pride in being a consumerist nation. Japan's savings ratio is above 30 per cent of the country's GNP while that of the US is a paltry 2 per cent. This allows the Japanese to plough back savings and channel the money into R&D (Research and Development). This explains why Japanese firms are streets ahead of their American counterparts in the technological revolution. Goods made in Japan are of such high quality that American consumers are found falling over each other in competitive purchases of Japanese goods. On the other hand, American goods are considered of inferior quality by Japanese consumers. Furthermore, Japanese salesmen have an excellent command of the English language and can therefore convince American buyers in sales talks while American salesmen know very ittie of Japanese culture, let alone speaking the Japanese language. With such handicaps, Americans have very little prospects of cornering the highly selective Japanese market. inirr World The Japanese have penetrated into American, Canadian, European and Third World markets at a time when American share of these markets is shrinking disastrously. Instead of accepting this Japanese free market challenge, the US government is resorting to economic and political levers to force weaker areas - Third World countries - to open up their markets for the free entry of American manufactured goods. This is being done under cover of free trade driven by "market forces". However, American manufactured goods are meeting with very stiff Japanese competition in this area. Therefore, the Americans are beginning to wage trade wars against the Japanese. The people of the Third World should learn from American trade activities that their call for free trade is a smoke-screen to cover ulterior US trade motives. By Continued on page 23 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 trade wars

GATT, ESAP and Trade Wars Continued from page 22 Former justice Minister Kobie Coetsea, then President F W d KIpk (rpntrp) nrnd former foreign minister Pik Botha at a. convention for a Democratic South Africa Conference opening their economies to the floods of manufactures from developed capitalist countries, Third World countries are stiffling the development and promotion of their fledgeling industries and consigning their economies to conditions of permanent underdevelopment. There is no way through which emirging Third World industries can be expected to successfully compete with well established manufacturers from developed capitalist countries. Western imposed Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) for Third World countries are aimed at the development of capitalism in the economies of these developing countries. Yet, capitalism does not get established without first making other countries one's colonies. There is no single developed capitalist country which did not first engage in either'the Slave Trade or turning other countries into colonies. At present, the colonial system has been transformed -into a global system of neo-colonialism. No Thrid World country can engage in a new Slave Trade or can command a neoZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 colonial infrastructure for the neocolonialisation of other countries. Third World industrialisation can only come about as the result of industrialisation policies based on the internal mobilisation of available resources in an atmosphere of self- protection against established foreign capitalist companies. This calls for protective tariffs and doing away with the so-called trade liberation which favours developed capitalist exports. Trade wars One military strategist once said war is the continuation of politics by other means. This statement can further be developed by saying politics is the continuation of economics by other means. The history of mankind is marked by numerous inter-state wars. When analysed, every war has been fought for economic reasons. The First World War was fought for the redistribution of colonies among European powers. The Second World War was fought for world markets. Trade economics have divided the world between North and South, between the G-7 and the G-1 S. Since the G-7 controls more than 80 per cent of world trade, conflicts in commercial activities originate from among these developed countries. The most developed among the G-7 countries are the US and Japan. Trade between these countries affect world trade to a very great extent. When GATT concluded the Uruguay Round last December in Geneva, an agreement was reached for the establishment of a World Trade Organisation (WTO). The new world body is to be charged with the task of formulating dispute settlement rules and regulations for the 118-member GAT organisation. Observers are saying that the US invoked Super 301 law in order to preempt the new World Trade Organisation from functioning in line with the rules and regulations which are being put in place. If this is proved true, then it will be clear that the US favours trade wars in place of internationally sanctioned rules of dispute settlement, l M!I MI . ---...... -... . -.. . .

The new South Africa A post mortem' of the elections outh Africa is now free. The real problems now begin. Apartheid was not the real problem because it was, an invention of evil men who wanted to institute and to formalise the dehumanisation of one race by another. The real problems which now arise from the fact of successful democratic elections are the problems of formulating and implementing policies for future development. The significance of the successful holding of the elections ie in the minimisation of incidences of violence given the frequence of such acts in the run-up to the elections. Credit must be given to F.W. de Klerk for full-scale deployment of the forces of law and order to keep rightists detractors at bay. In the run up to the elections, Cde. Nelson Mandela had always been insisting on such a course of action on the part of F.W. de Klerk but somehow this was not forth-coming. Turning point The turning point was reached when the right wing government of Bophuthotswana's Mangope was disbanded following attempts in the Bantustan to boycott the general election with the backing of force by right wing reactionaries supported by white apartheidists and other neo-Nazis. On the feet of this event came the collapse of Qoboza's Ciskei Bantustan under similar circumstances. These events, implemented by the De Klerk out-going government, sent a dear message to Buthelezi's Inkatha Freedom Party which was the main culprit in the series of incidences of armed violence which caused the killing of over 20 000 South Africans after the release of Mandela from prison in 1990. Having been convinced that F.W. de Klerk was now in no mood to tolerate the formenting of acts of violence by both Inkatha and right wing reactionaries, Buthelezi made a last minute righ-about-turn and accepted participation in the general elections. On his part, F.W. de Klerk's sudden determination to deploy a full- By Malachia M. Basvi Madimutsa Former Justice Minister Kobie Coetsea, then President FW. de Klerk (centri former Foriegn Minister Pik Botha at a Convention for a Democratic South Conference scale force for law and order was inspired by General Constand Viljoen's Freedom Front Party's readiness to break with the ultra-rightists Boer lobby and participate in the general elections. This left only the Boer ultrarightists as the group to boycott the elections. As It turned out, this group is a tiny fraction of the white electorate in the country. General Viljoen's Freedom Front Party emerged as the second most white popular party to De Klerk's Nationalist Party. The third most popular whiteled party was the Liberal Democratic Party. According to the election results, right wing whites who boycotted the elections were less than 1 percent. As a retired army General, Constand Viljoen is crucially influential among the top ranks of the South African army. His support for Mandela's government of national unity assures the country of minimum resistence from the white officers of the army. This augurs well for the establishment of anon-racial South African Defence Force. Reactionary whites will find it increasingly more difficult to destabilise the government of national unity. Occasion May 10, 1994 marks the occasion for the installation of Nelson Rolihlahia Mandela as the first president of a new non-racial South Africa. It also marks F.W. de Klerk as the last president of a South African racist government after 342 years of white racial domination over the indigenous black race. This birthday tor non-racial diemocracy in South Africa is a momentously great occasion. History confers greatness upon this day and upon Mandela and FW. de Kierk as the two most important men who played centre stage in the events leading to this great day. The greatness of both Mandela and De lerk lies not in the two men's outstanding personalities but on the collective maturation of the struggle of all the people of South Africa and the whole of progressive mankind. Many outstanding South African personalities were born, grew up, fought for democracy in South Africa but died without having realised their cherished ideals. These men and women were not less great than Mandela and De Klerk. The greatness which is now being conferred upon Mandela and De Kferk arises out of history which has chosen this time for democratic freedom i South Africa. It has taken too long to bring democracy to South Africa. This was not a will. Continued on page 25 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL 25 NO.3

The new South Africa Continued from page 24 fully malicious intention of history. It was an objective development of socioeconomic circumstances in which racial factors played a disconcerting role in the determination of social status in South African society. Where racial oppression exists, those who start to struggle against it do not live to see the success of their sacrifices. They are the road graders who blaze the trails and are followed by those who put on the gravel. All these early heroes'die before the advent to those who lay the tarmac for traffic to run smoothly 1owards the destination for freedom. tNelson Mandela, at 75, has the distincytion of having been among those who put the gravel and also was among kbose who layed down the tarmac and againt was the one who drove the traffic smoothly on the tarmac and safely anived at the destination. Here lies his reatnes. FW. de Klerk is also great in that instead of being the hindrance, he became the facilitator. However, the toles played by the two, jointly and individually, was determined by forces of history which had objectively ripened this time for the realisation of this great day. Future The future shag tell whether peace, reconciliation and development will be a success in South Africa. But, present realities indicate that this desirability is Cde. Winnie Mandela - Deputy Minister o/ the Arts, Culture, Science and Tech-, nology in the new South African Cabinet impossible to attain in the immediate fu- can government at national unity are so ture. Social, cultural, economic and po- antagonistically opposed that teething litica] interests represented by the differ- problems of national cohesion will take ent groups represented in the South Afri- proportions of major civil strife. Civil strife is bound to be the product S of three and half centuries of separate S ethnic and racial dvisions. Over this long period, habits of division grew into characters of incompatibility. It will take a transitional period much longer than is generally expected to forge and rea. ... .lise a workable formula of co-existence. Under Mongosuthu Buthelezi, Natal Province Zulus have taken to exultations in past tribal glory so much that Inkatha has emerged as the predominent party of preference in that region. Out of the 9 provinces, its influence is negligible outside Zululand. F.W. de Klerk's Nationalist Party has proved to be popular in the coloured dominated Western Cape province. One unemployed coloured summed the attitude of his ethnic position when he said: "Although we were oppressed together with the blacks and Asians, F.W. de Klerk has made all of us equal but I did not vote for the black majority because they nave nothing to FLASHBACK: ANC and new South African president, Cae. Nelson Mandela and give us coloureds and the whites have Communist Party leader, Joe Slovo lead a march through Spweto to mark the start of orotests to bring down the government . Continued on page 27 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

List of Zimbabweans who assisted in monitoring the South African general elections last month A. United Nations Observer Mission to South Africa (UNOMSA) Name Region/Province 1. Professor R.F. Austin 2. Ambassador S.S. Mumbengegwi Eastern Cape (East London) 3. Ambassador K. Manyika KwaZulu/Natal 4. Ambassador B. Jambga Northern Transvaal 5. Ambassador M. Hlabangana PWV area 6. Ambassador A. Makwavarara North West 7. Mr. J.C. Anderson KwaZulu/Natal 8. Mrs S. Mahofa KwaZulu/Natal 9. Mrs S. Mavangire Orange Free State 10. Ms C. Zindoga Western Cape 11. Mr. C. Kuruneri Northern Transvaal 12. Mr. R. Dzvimbo 13. Mr. S. Chiketa PWV Area 14. Mr.J.Bimha PWVArea 15. Ms G. Lupepe Eastern Transvaal 16. Mr. E. Mativenga North West 17. Mr. B. Mbohwa Orange Free State 18. Mr. K. Mohadi Nothen Cape 19. Mr. C. Musiwa -Eastern Cape 20. Mr. S. Nkiwane 21. Mr. N. Nyashanu WesternCape 22. Mr. A. Chadzingwa KwaZulu/Natal B. Commonwealth Observer Mission to South Africa (COMESA) Name Region/Province 23. Mrs V. Chitepo Durban 24. Dr. D. Zamchiya 25. Mrs J. Todd 26. Alderman T. Gara 27, Lt. Col. D. Samangoe (NPKF) Bloemfontein 28. Maj. M. Masunungure (NPKF) 29. Maj. G. Ndebele (NPKF) 30. Maj. C. Mabhumbo (NPKF) 31. Chief Supt. E. Ndebele 32. Supt. M. Ncube 33. Ass. Coin. N. Nyazema (Goldstone Commission Investigation Unit) 34. Chief Supt. G. Muwadzuri (Goldstone Commissioin Investigation Unit) 35. Asst, Coin. Tshabalala 36. Chief Supt. Chogugudza 37. Ms. L. Sbumba 38. Ms. A. Gambura 39. Asst. Corn. F. Mapuranga C. Organisation of African Unity Observer Mission to South Africa (OAUOMSA) Name 40. Mr. C. Ndebele 41. Mr. Z. Duri 42. Mrs A. Masuku 43. Mr. T. Mudariki 44. Supt. E. Chiwanza D. Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) Region/Province Pietersburg East Rand (Transvaal) PWV Area Bloemfontein Durban 45. Professor W. Kamba E. European Parliamentarians for Southern Africa (ASEPA) 46. Mr. N. Mangisi (MP) 47. Mr. M. Ndlovu (MP) Klerksdorp Klerksdorp 65ZIMW NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

The new South Africa Continued from page 25 all the wealth to sharewith us. This is the main reason why most of us in the Western Cape voted for de Klerk's party. Besides, we coloureds speak Afrikaans as the mother language." The ANC emerged as the only party with predominant supporters in seven provinces and substantial support in the remaining two provinces. It came second to Inkatha in the Natal province and again second to the Nationalist Party in Western Cape. Its programme is therefore the choice of the majority in a nonracial and non-tribal South Africa. Crucia The crucial issue then is on the ANC programme. The programme is a five year are with emphasis on "reconciliation,.unity and development". The ANC has estimated that the programme for black economic empowerment will need a minimum of R39 billion (Z$78 billion) over the first five years. This works out to just about Z$2 000 per capita or Z$400 per capita per year. Not only is the amount too small for this ambitious but necessary commitment but getting this too small an amount is going to be a problem if not an impossibility. A towl or zl/8 billion is too colossal a sum to be put in place within the time limit envisaged. If ANC economists arrived at this figure hoping for the inflow of funds from foreign donors, then they should realise that the whole world is now a dry River Jordan with no water for baptisms. Now that the restrictive fence of apartheid has been pulled down, foreign investors are impatiently waiting for what material profits they can scoup from exploiting South African resources and labour power. There is cut-throat competition in this expectation. Independent black Africa is too poor to. be of any assistance to the ANC black economic empowerment programme. The government of national unity under the ANC will have to look for internal sources to finance the programme. This will obviously mean taxing the rich to pay for the poor and this will be resisted by the rich with all the forces at their disposal. This could be a bitter recipe for internal strife and possibilities of destabilisation. 0 10 000 Af n e o huge everyda Everyday, more than 10 000 African children, women and men die as a consequence of hunger. In Africa, hunger often ignites world attention when famine emergencies arise due to drought or civil conflict. The majority of hunger- related deaths are caused by chronic persistent hunger. According to the Hunger Project, ending persistent hunger is not a matter of providing relief but ensuring that every child, woman and man in Africa has the chance to lead a healthy and productive life. To do this, the people and leaders of Africa are struggling to create sustainable solutions to enormous problems in food production, environmental degration, debt, trade and health. Africa needs sufficient leadership with the necessary vision, commitment and effectiveness to achieve the sustainable end of hunger. In its efforts towards achieving this goal, the Hunger Project, which was founded in 1977, instituted the Africa Prize For The Sustainable End Of Hunger. The prize is designed to call forth committed leadership and inspire millions of men and women in Africa and encourage them to assert their leadership for the sustainable end of hunger. The Hunger Project has a network of staff and volunteers around the world and is ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 funded primarily by individuals worldwide. Headquartered in New York Citv, the United States it works in close partnership with the United Nations and its agencies. It is on the roster of the UN Economic and Social Council. The Africa Prize For Leadership annually honours distinguished African men and women who would have exhibited exceptional leadership in bringing about the sustainable end of hunger at the national, regional and continental levels. The prize focuses on individuals from all sectors of society whose leadership has made outstanding contributions in areas such as public policy, science, agriculture, education and health. In 1987, the prize was won by president Abdou Diouf of Senegal, who, as chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1985- 86, played a pivotal role in forging a continent-wide consensus on the priority programme for Africa's recovery. He eloquently represented Africa at the special session of the UN General Assembly on the critical economic situation in Africa. He declared then: "The persistence of hunger at this end of our second millenim is morally intolerable and politically unacceptable. This is the most unbearable defiance of the conscience of humanity." That year, president Diouf lointly won the prize with Professor Tho- mas R. Odhiambo, the director of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Nairobi, Kenya. He is also the founding president of the African Academy of Science. As director of ICIPE, his research focussed on developing environmentally sound solutions to the pressing need for increased food production and improve health in rural communities. The recipient of the prize in 1988 was president Robert Gabriel Mugabe of Zimbabwe who led the country to become one of the great agricultural success sto-, ries of Africa. Today, the Hunger Project observed, Zimbabwe is not only selfsufficient in its staple food of maize, but exports much of its surplus to other African countries. "We Africans are determined to secure our future and to establish ourselves as tomorrow's continent. We have already begun the irreversible march towards a future of progress, prosperity and happiness for our people," Cde. Mugabe said when he received the prize in 1988. The other winners are Dr. Quett K.). Masire, president of the republic of Botswana and Dr. Bernard Ledea Quedraogo of Burkina Faso, who were laureates Continued on page 28 10 000 Africans die of hunger everyday Continued from page 27 in 1989; General Olusegun Obasankformer Nigerian head of state and D.r. Esther Afua Ocloo of Ghana in 1990; Mrs Maryam Ibrahim Babangida, former Nigerian first lady and founder of Better Life Programme for the Rural Women. Her co-winner in 1991 was Profesbur Wangari Muta Maatnai, the founder of Kenya's Green Belt Movement. In 1992, the laureates were Mrs Graca Simbine Machel (former first lady of Mozambique) and president of the National Organisation of Children of Mozambique and Dr. Ebrahim Mr. Samba who is director of the Onchocerciasis (river blindness) Control Programme of West Africa. President Jerry Rawlings of Ghana and Father Nzamujo Godfrey, who is the director of the Songhai Project of Benin emerged winners in 1993. A prize of US$100 000 is awarded each year and is intended as a catalytic amount to further the work of laureates. These funds have been variously invested in different ways by the winners. President Diouf has established an awardfor outstanding small-scale farmers; Dr. Odhiambo used his prize money to advance his research in Africa to develop a national pesticide to replace Cde. President RG. Mugabe - recipient End of Hunger in 1988 agricultural students in Zimbabwe, General Obasanjo established a fund to resettle African refugees as farmers, Dr. Ocloo created the Sustainable End of Hunger Foundation to strengthen the productive capacity of African women "Go to the people. Live with them. Love them. Learn from them. Work with them. Start with what they have. Build on what they know. And in the end, when the work is done, the people will rejoice and say: 'We have done it ourselves' "- Ancient Chinese Philosopher. dangerous chemical pesticides, presi- and Mrs Machel started a new commudent Mugabe established a national nity development foundation in scholarship fund for the support of Mozambique. of the ,4rica prize for the Substandble Africa Prize administrator, Dr. John Coonrod, last March invited nominations to be considered by the Hunger Project intemational jury for the eighth annual Africa Prize. Nominations were scheduled to close on May 15, 1994 and the presentation ceremony is set for October 4 in Washington, the United States'of America. The winners will receive a sculpture by the international awardwinning designer and sculptor, Takenobu Igarashi. The winners will also share a cash prize of US$1 00 000 in support of their continuing work on behalf of the people of Africa. 0 Direct investment in Africa to grow T he United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has forecast a six to 16 per cent growth in foreign direct investment in Africa as from this year until the turn of the century. In a study, UNCTAD, however, said the envisaged high growth in foreign investment would be limited to those countries where there is high economic growth. The study also said the level of foreign direct investment in African countries depended on exchange rates of those countries. The more competitive a country's ex- change rate is against the United States dollar, the more power it has to draw foreign investment. Most African countries, including Zimbabwe, are implementing World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) sponsored economic reforms that are expected to bring high economic growths to the countries by as early ap the end of next year. "Growth rates of foreign direct aid for Atrica are torecast to oe remarkably higher than those for developed countries. Foreign direct investment in the US for example, is projected to grow at a siower pace than during the 1980s," the study said. The study examines foreign direct investment flows to Africa, developing Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, all developed economies and separately, the European Union, Japan and the United States. important determinants of foreign direct investment inflows to any country indude the size of the particular countrys economy, measured by the level of Gross National Product (GNP), and the growth of that country's economy measured by changes in the level of GNP. ZIANAN A ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

SADF withdraw from Namibia outh African Defence Forces finally completed the withdrawal of their men from the Rooikop military base in Walvis Bay on February 28; 1994, the day when the enclave reverted back to Namibia. Most of the essential military hardware was dismanfled and carted back to South Africa. Though the enclave had little economic significance for South Africa, it helped the former South African government to monitor very closely any ship movements, especially of those countries considered hostile in the 1980's. However, as global tensions gradually relaxed and the South African government embarked upon an internal political reform process thereby making it more and more acceptable to the outside world, the strategic value of the enclave gradually declined. According to the SADF Chief of Staff, General George Meining, who was in Walvis Bay to witness the last parade of his forces, the enclave was no longer really militarily strategic at the time of the integration and the force was there merely to support South African politi- Staff Reporter cal presence. The military airfield at the Rooikop military base played a central role during the 1980's when South Africa launched military incursions into southern Angola. It was used extensively by NATO, The Namibian Defence Forse has inherited among others a massive military complex just outside Rooikop, which was built by the South African Navy towards the end of the 1980's. The complex, which cost R7,5 million for the basic structures, was drawn up with extremely high specifications and required special bunker skills. The complex has a concrete shell with unusually high stress tolerance and special steel had to be imported to satisfy this requirement. The building of this complex has led to speculation that the South African Defence Forces had elaborate long term plans for the region, which were apparently shot down in the multi-party negotiations at Kempton Park. The South African military felt let down by the politicians in its grand regional military designs. However, the South Africans have insisted that they be allowed to land at Rooikop during flights to deliver 'humanitarian assistance' to the region without special clearance, and they have won this concession from the Namibians. i n For all your advertising requirements: Please contact the Advertising Manager on 790148/9 68951-3 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 Zimbabwe News Subscription Form 12 issues (one year) Z$15 6 issues (six months) Z$7.50 N A M E : ...... Please Print A D D R E S S : ...... THE RATES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND HANDLING I enclose my cheque El I enclose my postal order El For the amount indicated above. The Circulation Manager, The Pwpk's Voice, 144 Union Avenue, Harare, ZIMBABWE

African nations face food security problems Sairobi: Out of 44 countries with poor or critical food security in the world, 31 are in Africa, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation, (FAO) said in a statement released in Nairobi recently. Two-thirds of all countries with food security problems are in Africa where Gross Domestic Product continues to decline for the sixth year in a row, the statement said, which is on a report prepared for the committee on world food security meeting at FAO headquarters in Rome, 22-23 March. The report also says that per capita cereal production in 18 African lowincome food-deficit countries declined in 1993. In nine of these, the per capita production declined by more than 5 percent. The new FAO director-general, Dr. Jacques Diouf of Senegal, recently said that his priority was "Food security in the low-income food deficit countries where 800 million people are deprived of adequate access to food." He said this trend should be reversed, if the number of chronically undernourished in sub-Saharan Africa was not to rise from 180 to 300 million by the year 2010. He stressed the need to feed a rapidly growing world population, "without delay." The world population, now at 5,6 billion, is expected to be nine billion by the year 2030. "Appropriate concerted measures are needed to prepare the ground for a new agricultural revolution that is based on a three-pronged strategy of production sustainability and social equity," Mr. Diouf said. For the first time, FAO has incorporated the three elements in its broadened concept of food security-availability, stability of supply and access into an index of household food security. FAO categorised the food security situation as "critical" in Botswana, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethopia, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozanbique, Rwanda, Somalia and Zambia. Countries with "Low" food security were Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire and Zimbabwe. The FAO report said "overall agricultural production was satisfactory for the third consecutive year in the Sahelian countries of western Africa." But, the report predicts localised problems in Chad and Niger this year. It also said, "Acute food shortages" may develop in Liberia and Sierra Leone because of civil unrest. Malnutritions In Central Africa, despite bumper harvests in Zaire, increasing improverishment and civil disorder have produced 'high levels of malnutrition and suffering' The food situation continues to deteriorate for a large segment of the urban population, according to the report. In Eastern Africa, civil strife has had a devastating effect on productions and food supplies in several areas. Timely and sufficient emergency food aid will be required in those areas if a major crisis in 1994 is to be averted. In several parts of Southern Sudan the food situation remains extremely precarious. The same areas experienced famine in 1993. Yet, Sudah had an'exportable surplus of coarse grains. Today, Sudan has a cereal deficit of more than 500 000 tonnes and the outlook tor the next wheat harvest is grim. In Somalia, hundreds of thousands of people are threatened by hunger because of localised banditry which is affecting supply and reliable food distribution. A record harvest and the return to peace in Eritrea and Ethopia have "been reflected in great improvements in food supplies." But "localised crop failure in late 1993 raises the possibility of severe difficulties in 1994." "Without a concerted donor response", the report warns, "Kenya faces a major food crisis in mid-1 994 because of the failure of the main season 1993 cr." The food supply position in Rwanda is "Extremely critical and deaths from starvation- related, causes are reported from the traditionally deficit southern areas where the situation is further aggravated by the presence of 262 000 Burundi refugees" according to FAO. Food crisis Burundi also faces a serious food crisis caused by the impact civil strife has had on agriculture. Food aid will be necessary for people affected by the civil disturbances. In Madagascar, the cyclones which struck Toamasina province seriously damaged crops which caused a sharp rise in food prices The rice fields, homes and infrastructure were severely damaged affecting about 500 000 people. In Southern Africa, the weather conditions have been generally favourable for planting and early growth of 1993-94 cereal crops. Food supplies improved in 1993 thanks'to food aid, massive commercial imports and good harvests. But, output will again be poor in Angola and Mozambique where agriculture remains disrupted by the civil strife and shortage of Agricultural inputs. In Northern Africa, cereal production fell by about 7 percent in 1993. Coarse grains fell 10 percent and wheat by 5 percent. Algeria produced 400 000 tons less wheat because of poor weather conditions while, in Morocco, the 1993 harvest was only 44 percent of the normal. In Tunisia, cereal output increased by 25 percent, but was still 300 000 tons below the 1992 bumper harvest of 1.6 million tonnes. El Land scandal rocks Tanzania By David Martin in Dar es Salaam A land scandal which has been rock the governmenL o President All simmering in Tanzania for 15 Hassan Mwinyi. years is now threatening to turn into a constitutional crisis which could Continued on page 32 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 iviUion or Onausrisiu oiee ono rip. L.mixeo Goods Avenue, P.O. Box 167 Tel. 2281. Telex 70020 ZW. Fax: 2U0 Kwehwe, Zimbabwe All buildings have a 4,5 m bay length, Available as an open shed, or fully.clad with asbestos sheeting complete with sliding doors, windows and gutters. Applications: Warehouse 4 Factory - Implement Shed - Aircraft Hangar -Assembly Hall - Stables - Cattle Shed - Grading Shed - Workshop, TECHNICAL DETAI'LS Torbolj buildings can be supplied to any length in modules of 4,5 metres. There are seven sizes of available nominal spans, and two column heights, Torbolt buildings are supplied in the following basic forms: Cladding to roof only with sides fully open, Sides can then be bricked up if required, Building completely or partially sheeted and supplied with- sliding door(s) and sufficient windows to provide light in accordance with model building by-laws, TECHNICAL DETAILS TORMIN buildings with a standard 7 metre span can be supplied to any length, Standard modules are 9 metres long, Extra bays, 2,25 metres in length may be added, TORMIN buildings are supplied with cladding to the roof only and sides fully open, Sides can be bricked up later if required, Steel doors and windows are built into the brick walls, Suggested windows to give approximately 12% light for a standard module - 5 x B63G. TECH N ICAL DETAILS Structural steel towers for various purposes can be supplied, Theme include lighting towers, which can be supplied tu a maximum height of 48 m in 3 m modules; power transmission pylons which can be supplied in various designs to suit customer needs, and gauged mists for telecommunication purposes, TECHNICAL DETAILS ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 W.-a

Land scandal rocks Tanzania Continued from page 30 At the heart or the scandal is 381 000 acres of land bordering a game park and cutting across a dry-season wildlife migration route in land-starved northern Tanzania, a mysterious foreign businessmen nf disputed nationality, US$14 million and a strong suspicion of chai (Swahili for tea) which is what Tanzanians call corruption. On 9 April 1979, the Land Development Department of the Regional Commissioner's office in the northern Tanzanian town of Arusha approved an application by Messrs Rift valley Seed Limited to the 595-square mile area known as Laigwanani Ranch. Curiously, official sources say, the company had originally applied for only 100 000 acres and had been granted 50 000 acres. A land officer, the sources say, was flown over the land by the company owner in his private plane and told where the boundary pegs where resulting in the company getting eight times the land which had been approved. The company was obliged to pay Tanzania shillings 409 732 within two months, on acceptance of the conditions of the right of occupancy, and an annual rent of TShs 398 14 during the 99:year lease. Ninety-one percent of the land (346 710 acres) was designated for pastoral or ranching usage and the remainder for agricultural purposes. Offering occupancy The government document offering occupancy noted that the land was "situated in a game controlled area". While it required the occupier to abide by the provisions of the Wildlife Conservation Act, it also stated that the occupier shall: (a) Kill any animal within the land under the Right in protection of life and property; (b) Surrender to the government any valuable trophy from such animal killed and report be made to.,the nearest game officer within a reasonable time; (c) Expel any animal which shall be found in or entering the land under the Right. In addition, the occupier was required to clear a strip of land, 1 000 metres wide the Right. It was two years before conservationists found out about the deal. They were an- gered at the fencing of a migration route and questioned the vague requirements in the government document which appeared to give the occupier a right to kill any animal seen on the property. Henry Fosbrooke, then conservator of the Ngorongoro Reserve which contained land set aside in perpetuity for the pastoralist Masai, referred to the agreement as "land mining" and argued that Tanzania was in "no position to make such generous handouts to nonlocal interests." The agreement, he said, meant the Arumeru district had lost two-thirds of its potential resettlement land and this affected 250 000 people, making an already intolerance land situation impos- President All Hassan Mwinyi of Tanzania sible. Grazing land, iL was estimated, was over-utilized by 300 per cent, creating serious erosion before the disputed land allocation in an area where land pressure would double before the year 2000. Largest single farm A circular from another prominent Tanzanian conservationist noted: "This leasehold to an expatriN company will become the largest sirige farm unit in Tanzania." Apart from leading the "virtual extinctions of migratory animals within very few years" it would also "impose very great restrictions, on traditional use of valuable pastoral grazing areas." The man at the heart of the controversy was, and remains, Hermus Phillips Steyn. His nationality is in doubt. In Dar es Salaam today some say he is various- ly Austrian, German or Namibian. The president's office said he is Dutch but the Netherlands embassy denies this. A series of allegations, none of them ever proven in a Tanzanian court, began to be made about Mr. Steyn in 1982. The main one appears to have been that he was exporting Tanzanian currency to Burundi which were presumed to be used for buying goods across the border in Tanzania. A Tanzanian closely involved in the investigations at the time recalled that one of several light planes owned by Mr. Steyn was tracked from Kenya, landed at Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzanina and then flew to Bujumbura in Burundi. Mr. Steyn was thought to have gone on the flight to Bujumbura but when his passport was seized there was no Burundi stamp. The Tanzanians believed that Mr. Steyn either had another passport or an arrangement in Bujumbura that his passport should not be stamped. Tanzania's then president, Julius Nyerere, detained Mr. Steyn (who he says he converted to Islam during his threemonth incarceration) and initially ordered the seizure of the farm he had been allocated. But president Nyerere, who had previously fallen foul of the World Bank and -some western donors for seizing property without compensation to rid his country of landlords, was persuaded to act less precipitously. Compensation The Tanzanian Bunge (Parliament) passed act Number 20 of 1983 compulsorily acquiring Mr. Steyn's land. The Act contained a provision for compensation to Mr. Steyn. Negotiations ensued and around 1988 compensation of TShs 52 million (about US$5 million) was agreed. Cabinet approved the sum and instructed the then Finance Minister, Cleopa Msuya, to work out a schedule of payments. Mr. Steyn refused to accept this, insisting on a lump sum, guaranteed payment in foreign exchange, interest and compensation - calculated at the 1982 rate of exchange which was then roughly TShs9 to US$1 against today's rate of roughly TShs 500 to US$1. Tlhere the matter rested until around 1992 when, unbeknown to Cabinet or Parliament, negotiations resumed. Continued on page 33 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL.

Land scandal rocks Tanzania Continued from page 32 Thereafter, in secret, events began to move with uncharacteristic speed. On 9 June 1993, the Finance Minister, Professor Kinghoma Malima, wrote a secret memorandum to President Mwinyi recommending that Mr. Steyn be paid US$12 060 155 23, interest at 6 percent, a down payment of US$1 one million, and that the land and properties be returned to him. President Mwinyi wrote "Agreed" on the memorandum and signed it on 14 June. The following day it was date- stamped back into the Treasury and a day later Treasury wrote to the National Agricultural and Food Corporation (NAFCO) informing them of the agreement. On 8 July, the principal secretary in the treasury, Mr. G.E. Maganga, again wrote the NAFCO informing them that with effect from the day President Mwinyi signed the original memorandum, all assets taken from Mr. Steyn in 1982 were being returned. Finally, on 8 November 1993, Professor Malima and Mr. Steyn signed an agreement covering compensation interest effective from 17 January that year, payments in five equal instalments, the return of shares in six named companies, three farms, two houses, six aeroplanes, an aeroplane hangar, firearms and other movable and immovable assets. Rumours about the deal began to reach Members of Parliament (MPs) early in 1994, but cabinet ministers they asked about it professed ignorance. Even the Minister of Lands and the AttorneyGeneral, it seems had not been informed. Disputed land An MP from the area of the disputed land lodged a private member's Motion seeking an explanation when Parliament met earlier this year. He was called to Dar es Salaam for consultations by President Mwinyi and the motion has still not been tabled. But, no matter how much the government.may wish it would, the issue will not go away. Parliament was originally scheduled to resume on 12 April. Government delayed it until 25 April to give the Attorney-General time to try to find justification for President Mwinyi's ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 actions. The MPs are incensed that President Mwinyi has agreed to return the land thereby overruling an Act of Parliament. This, they insist, is contrary to the constitution as only Parliament can reverse an Act of Parliament and over 60 MPs are supporting a motion calling for the decision to return the land to be reversed. After that they plan to challenge the compensation figure. Beyond the rebellious Parliament, there are also rumblings in president Mwinyi's own cabinet and officials do not rule out the possible resignation of some The Steyn affair is only the tip of the iceberg, albeit a convenient one, of the emotive land issue in Tanzania. At the beginning of 1991, President Mwinyi set up a commission headed by law Professor Issa Shivji to study the land issue and make recommdendations. The President received the voluminous report in December 1992. Despite demands from MPs for copies of the report, it remains secret although a few copies are circulating. Volume 11 of the report details 40 land disputes, including the Steyn Affair, where its recommendations are ignored Former Tanzania president Cde. Julius Nyerere ordered the seizure of Mr. Steyn's form ministers if the land is returned to Mr. Steyn. A senior official in President Mwinyi's office said if it came to a showdown in the 250-member Parliament, where the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party holds all 250 seats, the government could count an its "automatic majority" of President Mwinyi's fellow Zanzibaris, the Cabinet, regional commissioners and others who have been "given the odd job". Showdown over land But he acknowledged that public opinion could force members of the "automatic majority" to vote against government and that public opinion dictated that government could not afford a showdown over land. as are its more radical recommencations wnich would reauce presidential powers over land. President Mwinyi's two terms as leader, allowed by the constitution, end next year. Decisive although belated action on the land issue could mean he is remembered with some warmth after his political demise. But few Tanzanians expect him to take any decisive action to confront the country's most burning issue. Meanwhile the last word on the issue comes from Mr. Steyn who solicited an interview with a western news agency in Nairobi recently. "To do business in Africa you have to be ruthless and you have to be a cheat. Hard work is not enough." he told them. 0 For all the times you have to use soap for different jobs during the day - you only need one coap, PERFECTION. Perfection Soap Is perfect for washing clothes, pots, the floor, walls and greasy bikes or grubby cars, So for all the soap you evertneed Insist on PERFECTION. it doae It all perfeotlyl 54 .....QUALITY AND VALUE. OUR GUARANTEE S946 ZIMBA81 ,©L 2L&0.3

Clinton health plan raises questions in rural areas B ig Timber, Mont - The only hospital in this small ranching community closed in October 1992, forcing 3 000 country residents to drive 56km for services while local offi. clals scramble to work out alternative care, "We're 56km from the nearest McDonald's and the nearest hospitaLOn a day like today that can be an eterni, ty," Lauri Cooney, Administrator of Big Timber's Nursing Home said recently as fresh snow blanketed the ground. With one doctor, Big Timber has kept a clinic going, but the closest hospital to this South-Central Montana town is in Livingston, a half hour away, Some peo. pIe with acute medical needs must trav. el 128km to a larger facility In Bilings. President Clinton's health reform plan is designed to help solve the problems of of small towns like this by providing in, centives for doctors to locate In rural areas, increasing aid to hospitals and ex. pending to 100 percent from 25 percent the health tax deduction for the self. employed, like farmers, But White House Health Care Advisor Ira Magaziner and Montana Democratic Se. nator Max Baucus found plenty of scep. ticlsm, along with hope, as they tried to sill Clinton's sweeping proposal to standing.room-only crowds In January. Rural Health Care Is better provided for under the plan than the current status Quo, Baucus said, arguing that Federal Health Reform is vital to tame insurance costs In the state, which have climbed 400 percent faster than wages, Health costs But even Magaziner acknowledged that a key part of Clinton's proposal, which aims to control health costs by creating state.controlled insurance.purchasing alliances, may have little utility in the vast, open spaces of Montana. The alliances are designed to give consumers more market power by creating large Insurance purchasing pools,* negotiating premiums and offering a choice of health plans. Due partly to its low population dens. ty, however, there is only one health maintenance organisation In all of Mon. tana, although two new applications are pending. In certain areas people must drive hundreds of miles to a hospital. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 In some places in Montana'the goal of choice doesn't make much sense when there Is one doctor every 10 000 miles (16 000 kin), it seems, Magaziner said, Polls have Indicated interest in single payer, state-run insurance, which would be allowed under Clinton's bill, Montana is one of the most rural states In the nations with a population of 80 000 spread out over 382 000sq km. Like many agricultural states, a large chunk of Montana's population, about 20 percent, has no health insurance, Many others are underinsured. Doubts on Clinton's plans Montana is similar to other rural states In another way - It is highly dependent on small business for lobs. Despite wor, ries about adequate health care, many residents are skittish about provisions in Clinton's plan forcing employers to pay 80 per cent of insurance premiums for workers. "Putting the burden on small business is going to break our backs," a small busi. ness owner told Magaziner, while another resident said he had four chil. dren, had never purchased health Insur. ance and resented the government try. Ing to tell him what to do. Magaziner assured Moitanas that iub. sidles in the White House plan could cut costs for small firms that now provide Insurance, while easing the burden for those that do not, He also emphasised that the corner. stone of Clonton's Plan, Universal Insur. ance, would increase revenue for ruaral hospitals, while financial incentives provided to doctors who practice in rural areas will help with recruiting. Some national groups worry, however, that provisions in the White House proposal to Improve insurance coverage of preventive care will increase demand for generalists in cities, making It tough. er for small towns to find doctors, REUTER U E Bill Clinton on the campaign trail that brought him to power. His health plan may have l1;tle utility in the rural areas,

New watchdog on women's eneva - The United Nations Human Rights Commission has created a new watchdog job to report on violence against women, a commission source said recently. The commission, expressing alarm at the marked increase in acts of sexual violence, called for a particularly effective response to wartime violations such as murder, systematic rape, sexual slavery and forced pregnancies - an indirect reference to crimes reported in the former Yugoslavia. The resolution, proposed by 44 countries, calls for the end of sexual violence rights against women and to punish such acts. It aims for the elimination of sex-based discrimination in the legal system and the harmful effects of certain traditional or customary practices, cultural prejudices and religious extremism. The rapporteur, to be chosen for a threeyear term, should prepare an annual report from 1995 on the causes and consequences of violence against women. Candidates include former Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) spokeswoman, Cde. Hanan Ashrawi and Pakistani activist Hina jilani, commission sources said. - ZIANA-AFP 0 India conducts leprosy vaccine trials rials of the leprosy. vaccine developed by the National Institute of Immunology (Nil), New Delhi, India have been extended to cover patients with even mild forms of the infection, following the successful results on severely infected cases. Earlier trials on the NIl vaccine have shown it to be effective in reducing the duration of treatment when it is given as a supplement to the World Health Organisation's (WHO'S) multidrug -therapy to patients withI multibacillary leprosy or infection with high concentrations of the germs. The Nil vaccine, along with a vaccine developed independently by Dr. M.G. Deo from the Indian Cancer Research Centre (ICRQ, Bombay, are in a race with a third vaccine developed by WHO. All three are under independent trials in India. Dr. H.K Kar, from the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, who conducted the trials on the Nil vaccine, told the seventh International Congress of Dermatology in India that the Nil vaccine has been found to be effective from the immunotherapy point of view. The vaccine expedites the recovery and clearance of bacteria and upgrades the immune system, Professor G.P. Talwar, who developed the vaccine at NIl stated at a press conference The Nil vaccine developed from a fastgrowing mycobacterium strain, isolated from leprosy patients, is undergoing trials in Tamil Nadu, while the ICRC vaccine developed, from a slow-growing mycobacterium strain isolated from the soil and sputum is being tested. The WHO vaccine, which is administered along with the anti-tuberculosis BCG vaccine, was developed from heat-killed cells of leprosy germ mycobacterium leprae harvested from armadillos, the only animal other than humans where germs grow. During Phase III trials on the Nil vaccine, the vaccine was given along with WHO's multidrug therapy to patients with multibacillaty leprosy, a highly infectious form of the disease. Results indicated that 60-70 percent were completely cured within two years, compared with the standard regime of two to five years. Dr. Kar reported at the Dermatology Congress that the vaccine also increased the body's resistance against leprosy by preventing any relapse of the disease. Results of the vaccine's efficacy in preventing leprosy will be known only by the end of the decade, as it takes between two and nine years for the leprosy germ to incubate and grow after initial infection. c The comets are N coming ondon - As many as 100 000 comets may be set on course for the inner solar system as the star Alpha Centauri sweeps through the Sun's neighbourhood, according to research just reported to the Londonbased Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). Mr. Robert Matthews, a visiting tellow in the computer science department at Aston University in the English Midlands, calculates that some of the comets may already be on their way in. He believes their arrival will boost the risk of the earth suffering an impact with potentially disastrous consequences. The good news, however, is that, although the comets may have begun their journey, they will not arrive for around another 20 million years. The source of the comets is the so-called 'Oort Cloud', a reservoir of billions of comet nuclei in a spherical shell surrounding the solar system. Noone has ever seen the Oort Cloud directly, but comets with huge orbits are thought to originate there. -The Oort Cloud extends out perhaps as far as two light years - half way to the nearest star. Comet nuclei from the cloud get projected into our part of the solar system by gravitational kicks from passing stars. In the region of space within about 15 light years of the sun there are about 50 known stars. Astronomers believe they have a good understanding of what is going on here, in what they call the 'solar neighbourhood', because the movements and distances of these nearby stars have been measured accurately. Mr. Matthews has collected the latest information and has used it to compute the past and future positions of the stars. A RAS spokesman commented: "It turns out that we are entering a period rich in dose encounters between the sun and its neighbours. Over the next 45 000 years, no fewer than six stars will approach closer than 4.22 light years, the distance today of Proxima Centauri, the star nearest the sun. - LPS. E ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3 litcrilationA NUNN

Britain honours bus conductor M r. Anthony Severine, 45, a bus - cnuconductor based at CamberM* well, in South London, Britain, has been awarded the Member of the British Empire (MBE) prize. His name joins nearly a'othusand other award winners who include drivers and celebrities from the arts, sport, politics and business. He was born in Dominica and went to Britain in the 1970s.. He worked at the Peckham garage from 1970, also in South London. A spokesman from London Press Service that Mr. Severine receives around twenty commendations a year by telephone or letters from people from all walks of life who would have been impressed by his work and courtsey. The bus conductor, who is single, lives in Peckham. His bus carries tourists who visit Britain from all over the world. "If --someone looks lost, I will ask if I can help. We are a service and I just like to -Mr. Anthony Severine, the winner of the Member of the British Empire (MBE) prize make people feel comfortable," he said. Zimbabwe supports DPRK on reunification Zimbabwe has reiterated its support 'to the Democratic People's RepubLlic of Korea QDPRK) in that country's efforts to reunify the Korean peninsula on the "10-point programme of the great unity of the whole nation for reunification of the country" as proposed by Cde. President Kim 11 Sung. This was said last April by the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, Cde. Naison Ndlovu when he addressed people at a function to commemorate the 82nd birthday of Cde. Kim II Sung in Harare. Cde. Ndlovu, who is also the ZANU PF Secretary for Economic Affairs, was hopeful that the 'nuclear problem' of the Korean peninsula would be solved through negotiations between the Unit- Cde. Naio-d Ndlovu Cde. Kim 11 Sung ed States and the DPRK. He condemned sovereignty of the Korean nation and for Speaking on the same occasion, the what he termed "political circles" who successfully leading the Fatherland liber- DPRK ambassador to Zimbabwe. Cde. Li. are attempting to use the so-called ation war. He expressed satisfaction that Myong Chol, saluted President Kim II nuclear problem to stifle the DPRK. the friendship between Zimbabwe and Sung for devoting all his life to the freeHe paid tribute to Cde. Kim I1 Sung for the DPRK continues to grow from firmly defending the dignity and strength to strength. Continued on page 39 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

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Zimbabwe supports DPRK on reunification Continued from page 37 dom and happiness of the Korean peo- Cde. Kim I1 Sung was born on April 15, executive of ZANU PF ii ple. He said the people of the DPRK are 1912 in a revolutionary family which Joseph Macheka; has successfully frustrating the anti- DPRK fought for the liberation of the DPRK and supreme leader of the maneouvres of the imperialits who devoted all his life to the war of nation- and commander-in-chief charge that their country has embarked al emancipation. Seventy years after he People's Army for succes on a programme to build nuclear started the revolution at the tender age ing western manoeuvre weapons. of 14, he has been at the helm of the country. He was glad tha He warned that his country is ready to respond to negotiations with negotiations and war with war. He also thanked the Party and government for their unequivocal support to the government and people of Korea. struggle to see the progressive world emancipated from the bondages of colonialism and imperialism. He founded the Korean People's Revolutionary Army and the Workers Party of Korea. Meanwhile, a member of the provincial n Harare, Cde. praised the Korean peopl& of the Korean ssfully frustrat's against his t Cde. Kim Jong I1 has strengthenqd the Workers Party as a revolutionary party based on Juche. He noted that Cde. Kim Jong i has transformed the DPRK into a powerful socialist country whose people enjoy high standards of living. l launches housing programme Such large-scale housing schemes are needed to provide accommodation in urban areas and the council will embark on a similar scheme T he Chipinge rural district council has embarked on a major housing expansion programme at various centres under which 1 878 new stands will be serviced and 320 houses built in the next five years. The district's provincial executive officer, Mr. Charles Inggs, told Ziana that his council has already secured a Z$600 000 loan from the Ministry of Local -Government, Rural and Urban Development for the erection of an additional water reservoir and mains to service stands in Gaza township alone. for a loan funding to put up a total of 80 rental houses and 720 self-help one- roomed core houses during the next five years," Mr Inggs said. A total of 385 stands have been developed in Chipinge township, another high density area in the town, with a balance of 394 to be developed, the principal executive officer said. He noted that 71 additional low-density stands south of Chipinge along the Mount Selinda road have been identified. At Chipangayi rural service centre, a u.,lllll 01U |U! Lile MVile~ abi corn"With the housing waiting list standing mercial-farming area, the council has apat 1 500 at present, council has asked pealed for a loan from the Ministry of Local Government to construct 40 houses. In Chibunje, also known as Rimbi, about 60 kilometres from Tanganda hald along the Chisumbanje road, the council intends to build another 40 houses. Fourty more housing units are earmarked for Chibunje rural service centre. "Council has asked for loan funding from the Ministry of Public Construction and National Housing to construct a total of 80 houses at Checheche growth point. But there is need for the Ministry of Water Development to improve the supply of water as the current supply is inadequate," Mr. lnggs stated. LI ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Government supporte national health servic By Rupert Butler, LPS Special Correspondent II United Kingdon residents are entitled to medical treatment, free at the time of use, regardless of age or financial circumstances. This is the basis of Britain's National Heath Service (NHS), used by an estimated 97 per cent of the population and funded mainly from taxation revenue but also by deducations from salaries and wages. Back in July 1948, Britain was the first country in the world to establish a system of medical care available, regardless of circumstances, to the entire population. Nearly half a century after this revolutionary concept was introduced, it is taken for granted that everyone in Britain, under the NHS, has access to a -comprehensive range of hospitals, specialists, family practitioners, artificial limbs and appliances, and ambulance and community health services. It was not always so. One of the hardest tasks of the founding fathers of the NHS was to persuade many people, notably the less affluent, that they could confidently consult a doctor - General Practitioner (GP) - without incurring a fee and also that they were entitled to hospital treatment under the same conditions. Over the years, the NHS has undergone a number of reforms. By far the most far- reaching of these have been the measures outlined in the 1989 White Paper, "Working for Patients". As the foreword made dear, it was proposed that the NHS would continue to be available to all. The purpose of the reforms was to make management more efficient and the service generally cost-effective and competitive. For example, hospitals were expected to improve their appointment systems and give rapid notification of results. ' Self-governing trusts These hospitals were free to apply to become independent of the control of the local health authority and to establish themselves as self-governing NHS trusts. Management would be appointed by boards of directors, and the hospitals would be free to settle the pay of their own personally appointed staff, carry British Prime Minister, Mr. iohr Major out research, and provide facilities for medical education and other forms of training. Such hospitals would be encouraged to earn their keep by selling services to District Health Authorities (DHAs) - bodies responsible for the provision of care within the area where the hospital is situated. Although these hospitals would run their affairs independently of NHS control, they were nevertheless accountable to the service's management executive. According to the latest available figures, around 300 of those with provision for treatment have applied for selfgoverning status as NHS hospital trusts, while remaining part of the NHS. Among improvements noted to date, there has been an increase in the number of patients treated without the need for an overnight hospital stay - important in delivering more appropriate patient care and better use of resources. In the first six months of the reforms, more than 700 000 patients were treatecl as day cases - 20 per cent of total activity, compared with 18 per cent in 1990-91. As far as the GPs are concerned, the budget holder scheme has meant that doctors in some large practices - those who in April 1993 had 7 000 patient! - were able to take advantage of voluntary medical scheme giving then the opportunity to manage sums of NH! money for the benefitof their patient! and to improve the services offered t( them. Greater co-operation Among improvements cited in the'per formance of .GPs who have becom fundholders is greater co-operation be tween GPs and hospitals - resulting in for instance, consultants visiting th( practice for outpatient sessions and ex amples of physiotherapists providin specialist treatment in surgeries. In "NHS Reforms: The First Six Months' (HMSO, 1991), NHS Chief Executive Dun can Nichol wrote: "Primary care service are continuing to improve. For example the latest available figures show recorc levels of childhood immunisatior cover age with around 90 per cent of childrer immunised against diphtheria, tetanu; and polio, whooping cough anc measles." An important intention of the new re forms is that users of the NHS shoulc be clear as to the service they are enti tied to receive. The Patient's Charter published in 1991 as part of the Depart ment of Health's contribution to thi Citizen's Charter White Paper, sets ou patients' entitlements. The Patient Chart er shares the objectives and governmerr initiatives of the reforms: the govern ment believes that patients should knov what they can expect from the NHS anc the staff providing the services shoulc be quite clear about what is expecte( of them. Judged over the 46 years of its exist no and with the promise afforded by then latest reforms, the NHS delivery systen of health care can be said to represen a major advance in terms of unrestricd ed entitlement for every citizen, partic ularly access to specialists and consul tant services. In addition, Britain's.specific experienc in terms of buildings, equipment, sui plies and personnel has gone way bE yond. national borders and is calle upon increasingly throughout the work ZIMBABWE atch committees wage ar on crime By Makuwerere Bwititi S hey started humbly. Lack of equipIment, inadequate training, no remuneration and virtually no resources to work with were some of the odds staked heavily against neighbourhood watch committees (NWCs) in Zimbabwe at their inception in 1968. But armed with determination to see crime in their areas decline, NWCs set out on a war against criminals and they are winning. Six years after the first NWC was established, even some of the hardened criminals can vouch for the fairy tale of the NWCs. "Ours is a success story", said provincial coordinator for the Harare neighbourhood watch committees, Nick Critchlow, whose area covers almost half of the capital city, Harare, whose population is 1.4 million. "The whole idea of a neighbourhood watch started in 1987. We had only 30 members when we started but we became operational in the following year We have grown immensely ever since and now we are actually a threat to criminals," he told Ziana. There are now over 6 000 NWC members in Harare. "We still need as many volunteers as possible," said Critchlow. NWCs work closely with police and during their nocturnal patrols they team up with members of the regular Zimbabwe Republic Police who provide back-up. Members of the NWC are trained by regular ZRP forces and are provided with uniforms to enable them to be easily recognised. Arms are only provided to regular force 'members accompanying them. War intensified NWC chief warden for Avondale, which covers Avondale West, Strathaven and Monavale areas, Steve Davies said their war against criminals has been intensified. "People here are very committed. Members volunteer their cars to be used on night patrols, and the crime rate has gone down," he said. "We carry out foot patrols, vehicle 'patrols, road blocks from around nine in the evening up to about dawn," he said. "It is all voluntary work. People are - driven by the desire to protect their property and to prevent crime." Davies said the blitz had scared many a criminal away and had resulted in the reduction of crime in the area. "Our duty is essentially on come prevention and deterring the criminals. We work closely with the ZRP and I can safely say the results have been pleasing," he said. Because of NWCs increased activities in the area, in December the Avondale area recorded its lowest crime figure since 1990. There are 900 active NWC members in Avondale. NWC patrols start around 2100 hours and go into the early hours of the morning. Members take turns to go on patrols. Because it is all voluntary work, most members are employed elsewhere; they have to work on shift basis to afford them a chance to sleep and go to work the following morning. ZRP is happy with the success story of NWCs. "It would take us hours to react to a report, but with the NWCs it is a matter of minutes," said Sergeant Emmanuel Mazhawidza, one of the regular police helping the NWCs in Avondale. Police posts Davies led members of the Avondale NWC to pool their resources and built a- police post in Monavale which would make some regular police posts look like dog kennels. Two regular ZRP officers have been seconded to the police post which is manned 24 hours a day. More such police posts are planned for other areas. "The commitment of members here is quite tremendous. Some members actually make their cars available for police duties the whole night and police help us with search-lights and police tag for easy identification," said Davies. In the Highlands and neighbouring areas, NWCs have also recorded phenomenal successes. "Crime rate is going down as a result of police and neighbourhood watch committee patrols," said Critchlow. "In January there were only 12 house breakins in areas inhabited by thousands of people. "Before neighbourhood watch commit. tees were in place, we used to have an average of 25 to 30 break-ins in one suburb alone every month.", he said The crime figures keep dropping every month. "It is not an isolated incident," he ad ded. Car thefts have virtually been eradi- Senior Assistant Commissioner Pius Ndavo cated in the area. "Crime trends are going down. Criminals are finding it much harder to operate in these areas", he said. "We want to make a point that it is no longer a viable proposition to turn to crime," said Critchlow. Successes scored The police officer commanding , Senior Assistant Commissioner Pius Ndava said the success story of the NWCs had now forced criminals out of Harare. "They (NWCs) are doing very well and if we could have such active NWCs in all areas in Harare, I can tell you the crime rate in the city will be reduced drastically. You cannot completely eradicate crime but you can control it, and in that regard we are succeeding." He said police would want to see active NWCs in all parts of the country so that criminals "have nowhere to run to". "The crime rate has gone down noticeably in Harare because of the cooperation between the public, the NWC and the police. What is happening now is that criminals are going out of Harare. "What is needed are more NWCs in areas outside so that criminals won't have anywhere to go," he said. Although NWCs have recorded phenomenal successes in curbing crime in low density suburbs mostly inhabited by the more affluent in society, high density suburbs have fared badly. This has been blamed on lack of knowledge about the benefits of establishing NWCs. Although some high density suburbs have established NWCs, their successes have not been as pronounced as those in low density areas where members have the resources such as cars. Chief warden for the Highfield area Elias Marigagumbo said although they had Continued on page 43 ZIMBABWENEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Call for incre ased ennnmic cooeration he Zimbabwe/Namibia Joint Per. manent Commission on Economic, Scientific, Cultural and Technical Cooperation recently called for increased economic cooperation between the two countries. In a joint communique issued in Harare on March 18 after the commission's inaugural session, the delegations agreed to meet again in the first quarter of 1995. The commission held discussions on socio-economic fields that included trade and commerce, mines and energy, technology exchange, environment and tourism, forestry, agriculture, cooperative development, fisheries and marine resources, social security, youth, culture and sport. The following is the full statement of the joint permanent commission: joint Communique 1. The inaugural session of the Zimbabwe/Namibia joint Permanent Commission on Economic, Scientific, Cultural and Technical Cooperation was held in Harare, Zimbabwe on 18 March 1994. It was preceded by the preparatory meetings o officials from 15 to 17 March 1994. -2. The Zimbabwean Ministerial delegation was led by Hon. Nathan Shamuyarira, MP, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Also in the Zimbabwe Ministerial delegation were Hon. H.M. Murerwa, Minister of Environment and Tourism, Hon. R.T. Masaya, Minister of State for Finance and Hon. S.K. Mayo, Deputy Minister of industry and Commerce. 3. The Namibian Ministerial delegation was headed by Hon. Theo-Ben Gurirab, MP, Minister of Foreign Affairs also included Hon. Hidipo Hamutenya, Minister of Trade nd Industry, Hon. Gert Hanekom, Minister of Finance, Hon. Nico Bessinger, Minister of Wildlife and Tourism, Hon.- Minister Pendukeni Itana, Minister of Youth and Sports and Hon. S. Webster, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development. 4. The first session comes at a time of great political and economic changes in the region, and two years after the signing, by both The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cde. Nathan Shamuyarira countries, of the Treaty establishing the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), the handover of Walvis Bay to its rightful owners and the long awaited process of dismantling apartheid. 5. On bilateral relations, they underscored the need for increased economic co- operation between the two countries, the Permanent Joint Commission called for a more favourable environment for the development -of bilateral relations as a common objective for enhancing socio-economic relations between Zimbabwe and Namibia and for improving the standard of living of their peoples. 6. In this regard, the Commission held extensive discussions which covered socio-economic field s that included trade and commerce; mines and energy; technology exchange; environmental and tourism; forestry; agriculture, co-operatives development; construction and natjonal housing; education and culture; youth and sport; fisheries and marine resources and social security ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 7. In order to encourage the free-flow of trade between the two countries in the fields of trade, both sides encouraged the private sectors of the two countries to work out among themselves, mechanisms for cooperation in trade, commerce and the creation of joint ventures. In this context, the Commission called upon the relevant chambers of both countries to meet at the earliest possible time inorder to work out the modalities for the promotion of joint production, trade and exchange. 8. The Joint Commission also noted with appreciation the speed and tempo at which the implementation of Trade Agreement between Namibia and Zimbabwe and called for more efforts to be put in place in order to promote mutual trade. 9. On regional issues, both delegations welcomed progress made in South Africa which led to the first nonracial elections in that country. They called upon the South African people to unite at this crucial moment which saw the demise of apartheid and the creation of a nonracial state. 1 0. On Angola, the two parties encouraged both the government and Unita in their talks to find an amicable solution to the problems in their country. In the same view, they also called for Renamo and the Mozambican government to adhere to the peace accords inorder to give peace a chance. 11. The Commission expressed satisfaction in the manner in which the first session of the Commission concluded its deliberations in the spirit of mutual respect and the determination to further strengthen their mutual relations. 12. In conclusion, the two delegations agreed that the next session of the Joint Commission should be held in Windhoek in the first quarter 9f 1995, on a mutually agreed date. The Windhoek session shall review progress in the implementation of the programme of action as contained in the Agreed Minutes or protocols just signed. 1

Mentally retarded athletes excelling By Edwin Mashonganyika It et me win, but if I cannot'win, let me be brave in the attempt' a that is the oath that all special Olympic athletes recite at all opening ceremonies prior to games. The sport is of the purest form. The volunteer coaches aim to bring as many participants as possible, from dependency to independence, from disability to success and from hopelessness to achievement. National director of special Olympics in Zimbabwe, Bonny Woodman always Watch Committees wage war on crime Continued from page 41 hundreds of registered members, only 60 were active. Voluntary Work "Some people do not know much about neighbourhood watch committees," he said. "People still lack that spirit of working voluntarily. Many left after realising that there was no remuneration. What they do not appreciate is that it is their duty to keep their areas criminal-free," he said. The high crime rate still prevalent in most high density areas has been blamed on lack of active neighbourhood watch committees. Because NWC members in high density areas are not as rich as those in low density suburbs, they lack resources such as transport, making their operations very difficult. "-ut generally in areas where we have an active neighbourhood watch committee, crime has gone down because criminals know the areas are patrolled at night," said Murigagumbo. "But I am happy that some people in high density areas are beginning to understand the importance of NWCs." Police have now launched an intensive programme to establish NWCs in all high density areas in and outside Harare. "We encourage the formation of NWCs in all areas. Police will be only happy to assist," said Senior Assistant Commissioner Ndava. And crack police commissioner Augustine Chihuri has promised the NWCs all possible assistance in their fight against crime. says, "among the apples on even the nicest tree there is an unusual one, with an - altered shape, colour or texture. Should you pick it and taste it you will find that it is certainly an apple, but one of nature's different ones. "Similarly nature produces a different baby every now and again, almost but not quite like every other baby where sometimes there is a visible physical difference like blindness, deafness or wrongly shaped limbs". Woodman says an international sports charity organisation, special Olympics, was launched by Eunice Kennedy Shriver of the United States in the mid sixties, beginning with a day camp for people with mental retardation. "It was then that she (Shriver) saw that these special people who failed dismally in the classroom were far more capa. ble in sports and- physical activities than many experts believed them to be. Special Olympics "Today the special Olympics programme works with one million athletes in 130 countries," says Woodman. In Zimbabwe, she says, her organisation offered sports disciplines such as track and field, swimming, diving, soccer, gy7 manastics, volleyball, basketball, horseriding, cycling and floor hockey. Woodman says special Olympics is open to any individual of eight years and above who was diagnosed as having mental retardation. While mental retardation occurred in families of all levels of education, it respected neither class nor race and noone was immune, explains Woodman. "Mental retardation means different things to different people. To a doctor it is a symptom of sub normal develop-' ment indicating that there is something wrong with the child. To a teacher it means that the child cannot progress as rapidly as other children, "For a parent it means having a child for life. For the sports coach it may take longer to get an idea across to the athlete and because they are largely less efficient learners than the rest of the population. coaches must be more effi cient teachers." says Woodman. She says all official special olyinpic sports foliow internationally accepted rules adjusted where necessary to the special needs of the athlete. The rules,, Woodman says. were 'ndorsed and approved by the governing bodies for the sports and by most international sports federations and olympic organisations. Developmental sports Sports and fitness training of the highest quality, she says. is provided at every level. "For those athletes whose mental or physical disabilities are too severe, a full range of developmental sports is offered. Thus every mentally handicapped person, no matter how severely, can find an activity to fit his or her physical or mental ability." she says. Since all events were organised into divisions by age. sex and ability says Woodman, special Olympics competed only with those whose skills matched their own. Although winning was considered important as a measure of self achievement, the true spirit of special Olympics was "found in those qualities measured more in effort than in victory," observed Woodman. "There are no overall winners. Everyone is a winner because participation is the most important consideration. "Special Olympics presents winning as achieving individual goals and doing the best they can individually," she says. In Zimbabwe. special Olympics is registered as a welfare organisation with the Lions Club of Marlborough, Harare, as patron. Woodman says although there were no up-to-date official statistics in Zimbabwe it was assumed there were some 3 000 000 mentally disadvantaged people in the country. She notes that in Zimbabwe, 95 percent of the 2 000 mentally handicapped children and adults who take par in special olympic events, were black. Coaching clinics "We have local coaching clinics. league matches. regional championships and national games "We are fortunate to be operating in a country with a vrea' sports tradition." she says For many of her organisation athletes. Continued on page 44 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 25 NO.3

Mentally retarded athletes excelling Continued from page 43 Woodman says, special Olympics offered opportunities "that were completely unknown to them before." Traditionally shunned by society and hidden away from public view, she says, the athletes now competed before large crowds, appeared on television, talked on radio, travelled to other parts of the country or even to other countries, representing Zimbabwe "and discovering the meaning of the word pride." She says her organisation this year aims to travel the country identifying new athletes and enlisting the support of more volunteers. Calling on the Zimbabwean employers to give the mentally handicapped people a chance, Woodman says "they offer total loyalty and introduce a new level of morale and help to raise the applica-' tion amongst non-disabled employers. "Effective employers should look beyond a person's disability and create a climate of inclusion, respect and acceptance. Persons with mental retardation inspire us with their specia spiritual energy and psychological wellbeing. "Far from being hopeless, our athletes' lives are rich with promise and self reliance, work, citizenship, friendship and love. They challenge us to reach for our true potential." In 1987, she says, her organisation sent a team to Indiana in the United States to compete in the special Olympics Summer World Games. They returned with 11 gold medals, nine silver and eight bronze while Faith Clerq, an athlete, was awarded the title "International outstanding special Olympian of 1987". An amazing harvest of 14 gold medals, 20 silver and 13 bronze, in 1991, was brought home by 42 athletes who represented Zimbabwe at the special Olympics Summer World Games, she said. In Marcd 1992, 11 athletes were invited by the South African special games to compete in a swimming meet and came home, triumphant, with 33 medals and effectively putting Zimbabwe on the world map. Tribute ToA Great Mar, (Presented at the Maun Kgotla in Botswana, on 9th March, 1994 in honour of His Excellency, the President of Zimbabwe, Cde. Robert Gabriel Mugabe). There is one, one in our midst today, One who is - how shall I say? A great one, an honoured one One who has many battles won, And I feel awed to stand before One who has done so much more Thap an ordinary man could ever do, Robert Mugabe, Sir... I salute you. Cde. President R.G. Mugabe Born when the minority the rulers had become Surely this was an omen of things yet to come. A true son born of our great land, One who is not ashamed to land a hand, failed with his people, for his belief That equality and unity would bring relief; Relief from the continual oppression and suffering That the Shona and the Ndebele were receiving But he stood up tall and as was his name. Gabriel 'twos - thus the end come. He sounded the death knell of white dominance Brought about by the blood bath in the War of Independence In this fight for freedom, he was the commander The fight - the Armed Struggle the Chimurenga. Freedom, attained, he became Prime Minister And still he continued to be a peace-monger. When ZAPU AND ZANU tore the nation apart Brother turning against brother with ill at heart, He made comrades of adversaries. Truly, a Baobab among the Musasa trees. In the Great Drought of 1987, He managed to feed the villagers even. Not only at home, but also abroad, For peace and freedom he has fought. To get Namibia and Azania liberated. His SADC membership is not a game; The chaos in Mozambique he has tried to tame. In Angola too, he has urged reconciliation By talking to the warring factions. As if all this was not enough, Of the Non-Aligned Movement, he was once Chief of Staff. There is one in our midst today One who is - how shall I say? A great one, an honoured one, One who has many battles won, And I feel awed to stand before One who has done so much more Than an ordinary man could ever do, Robert Mugabe, Sir... I salute you. Composed by: Minual Islam Delwar Recited by: Minurul Islam Delwar (English) Malebogo Moremi (Setswana) ZIMBABWE NEWS am l m a,J.L (PVT)LTD Shipping, Clearing and Forwarding Agents * 7 7 Me Avenue P.O. Box 2508 Harare Zimbabwe If you are importing or exporting, whether by sea, air rail and road you need an agent that is reliable, Airlmnd freight, with a team of dedicated, highly trained protessionals who are fast on their feet. are totally committed to service. LAND FfE.lr, We .have offices in Harare and Beitbnidge and plans to start up in Plumtree are under way Oman = Airland Freight are represented in South Africa and roverseas and works closely'with Air Zimbabwe and Atfretair PERSONAL ATTENTION AND GRACIOUS SERVICE IS AN ANCIENT TRADITION AT AIRLAND. For all your cargo requirements contact us on the following: iTelephones: 79315415 or 79185617 Fax: 702544 Telex: 24787 ZW and we will go to the ends of the earth to give you world-class service - ~- -

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