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Implementing the GF Resource Grammar for Nepali Language Master of Science Thesis in Software Engineering and Technology
müzik Implementing the GF Resource Grammar for Nepali Language Master of Science Thesis in Software Engineering and Technology DINESH SIMKHADA Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg, Sweden, June 2012 The Author grants to Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg the non-exclusive right to publish the Work electronically and in a non-commercial purpose make it accessible on the Internet. The Author warrants that he/she is the author to the Work, and warrants that the Work does not contain text, pictures or other material that violates copyright law. The Author shall, when transferring the rights of the Work to a third party (for example a publisher or a company), acknowledge the third party about this agreement. If the Author has signed a copyright agreement with a third party regarding the Work, the Author warrants hereby that he/she has obtained any necessary permission from this third party to let Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg store the Work electronically and make it accessible on the Internet. Implementing GF Resource Grammar for Nepali language DINESH, SIMKHADA © DINESH SIMKHADA, June 2012. Examiner: AARNE RANTA, Prof. Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: concept showing translation of Nepali word संगीत (music) to different languages that are available in Grammatical Framework. Inspired from GF summer school poster and stock images Department of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg, Sweden June 2012 Abstract The Resource Grammar Library is a very important part of Grammatical Framework. -
Department of English School of Languages and Literature Sikkim University Gangtok-737102
From Race to Nation: A Critical Perspective on the works of William Butler Yeats and Hari Bhakta Katuwal Vivek Mishra Department of English School of Languages and Literature Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Philosophy February 2017 Department of English School of Languages and Literature Sikkim University Gangtok-737102 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researching and writing of this dissertation has proved to be a profitable experience for me in the academic field, and for this I owe a great debt to these people. Firstly, I take this opportunity to thank my supervisor Dr. Rosy Chamling for her guidance, support and encouragement that enabled me to complete my work. I thank Dr. Irshad Ghulam Ahmed, the Head of the Department for his guidance and insightful inputs. I am grateful to the faculty members of English Department for their support during my Masters in Philosophy programme. I thank my parents and my sister for their endless love and support. For help in finding material and providing insights vis-a-vis the Nepali poet in my study I want to thank many people, but particularly Smt. Kabita Chetry and Nabanita Chetry. My thanks extend to my friends – Bipin Baral, Afrida Aainun Murshida, Ghunato Neho, Anup Sharma and Kritika Nepal for their selfless assistance during my entire research work. Vivek Mishra CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chapter – 1 INTRODUCTION (1 – 5) Chapter – 2 RACIAL AND NATIONALISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE WORKS OF YEATS AND KATUWAL (6 – 28) Chapter – 3 REPRESENTATION OF IRISH AND NEPALI CULTURES IN YEATS AND KATUWAL (29 – 43) Chapter – 4 LYRICAL QUALITY IN YEATS AND KATUWAL (44 – 53) Chapter – 5 CONCLUSION (54 – 66) CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The present study entitled “From Race to Nation: A Critical Perspective on the works of William Butler Yeats and Hari Bhakta Katuwal” shall be a comparative literary survey across languages i.e. -
Burmese, a Grammar of (Soe).Pdf
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A GRAMMAR OF BURMESE by MYINTSOE A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Linguistics and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
Chapter 5 Nawat
Chapter 5 Nawat 5.1 Introduction This chapter introduces the Nawat/Pipil language. Section 5.2 explains the Nawat/Pipil and the Nawat/Nahuatl distinction. A brief history of the Pipil people is provided in section 5.3. Section 5.4 reviews the available Nawat language resources. A basic grammar is outlined in section 5.5. A more complete description would require more resources beyond the scope of the present project. Section 5.6 discusses the issues that arise for the present project, including what alphabet and dialect to use. Section 5.7 provides a summary of the chapter. 5.2 Nawat – Some Basic Facts Nawat versus Pipil In the literature, the Nawat language of El Salvador is referred to as Pipil. The people who speak the language are known as the Pipil people, hence the use of the word Pipil for their language. However, the Pipil speakers themselves refer to their language as Nawat. In El Salvador, the local Spanish speakers refer to the language as “nahuat” (pronounced “/nawat/”). Throughout this document, the language will be called Nawat. El Salvador is a small country in Central America. It is bordered on the north-west by Guatemala and on the north-east by Honduras. See Figure 5.1 for a map of Central America. El Salvador (Used by permission of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin) Figure 5.1 Map of Central America 75 Nawat versus Nahuatl Nawat is an Uto-Aztecan language (Campbell, 1985). It is related to the Nahuatl language spoken in Mexico (which is where the Pipils originally came from, see section 5.3). -
153 Natasha Abner (University of Michigan)
Natasha Abner (University of Michigan) LSA40 Carlo Geraci (Ecole Normale Supérieure) Justine Mertz (University of Paris 7, Denis Diderot) Jessica Lettieri (Università degli studi di Torino) Shi Yu (Ecole Normale Supérieure) A handy approach to sign language relatedness We use coded phonetic features and quantitative methods to probe potential historical relationships among 24 sign languages. Lisa Abney (Northwestern State University of Louisiana) ANS16 Naming practices in alcohol and drug recovery centers, adult daycares, and nursing homes/retirement facilities: A continuation of research The construction of drug and alcohol treatment centers, adult daycare centers, and retirement facilities has increased dramatically in the United States in the last thirty years. In this research, eleven categories of names for drug/alcohol treatment facilities have been identified while eight categories have been identified for adult daycare centers. Ten categories have become apparent for nursing homes and assisted living facilities. These naming choices function as euphemisms in many cases, and in others, names reference morphemes which are perceived to reference a higher social class than competitor names. Rafael Abramovitz (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) P8 Itai Bassi (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Relativized Anaphor Agreement Effect The Anaphor Agreement Effect (AAE) is a generalization that anaphors do not trigger phi-agreement covarying with their binders (Rizzi 1990 et. seq.) Based on evidence from Koryak (Chukotko-Kamchan) anaphors, we argue that the AAE should be weakened and be stated as a generalization about person agreement only. We propose a theory of the weakened AAE, which combines a modification of Preminger (2019)'s AnaphP-encapsulation proposal as well as converging evidence from work on the internal syntax of pronouns (Harbour 2016, van Urk 2018). -
Nepali Grammar and Vocabulary
Nepali Grammar & Vocabulary REV. A. TURNBULL THIRD EDITION Edited by the REV. R. KILGOUR, D.D. ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES NEW DELHI ★ MADRAS ★ 1992 ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES. * C-2/15, S.DA NEW DELHI-110016 * 5 SRIPGRAM FIRST STREET, MADRAS-600014. fir] AES First AES Reprint 1982 Second AES Reprint 1992 IS8N 81-206-0102-5 Published by J Jet ley for ASIAN EDUCATIONAL. SERVICES C-2/15. SDA New Delhi-I 10016 Processed Dy APEX PUBLICATION SERVICES New Delhi-II0016 Printed at Nice Printing Press Delhi-I 10092 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. This “second edition” of my 1887 attempt to reduce to standard rule the Nepali tongue, as spoken at cosmopolitan Darjeeling, is really an entirely new work. In preparing it I have had the advantage of elaborate criti¬ cal notes on the first edition by the most exalted authority in Kathmandu ; in passing it through the press, the invaluable assistance of the Rev. *G. P. Pradhan, the highest authority in Darjeeling ; and in meeting the expense, the practical patron¬ age of the Government of Bengal, the advance purchaser of an adequate number of the copies. In perusing it the student will perhaps allow’ some of its shortcomings—to be excused by my distance from the prin¬ ter, and himself to be persuaded to learn the native alphabet at the outset—the language is much easier in its own charac¬ ter than in the ill-fitting Roman—and to procure in due course The Acts of the Apostles in Nepali (Bible House, 23. Ohow- ringhi, Calcutta) and in English (R.V.), as complemental text¬ books. -
AVAILABLE from 'Bookstore, ILC, 7500 West Camp Wisdom Rd
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 401 726 FL 024 212 AUTHOR Payne, David, Ed. TITLE Notes on Linguistics, 1996. INSTITUTION Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Dallas, Tex. REPORT NO ISSN-0736-0673 PUB DATE 96 NOTE 239p. AVAILABLE FROM 'Bookstore, ILC, 7500 West Camp Wisdom Rd., Dallas, TX 75236 (one year subscription: SIL members, $15.96 in the U.S., $19.16 foreign; non-SIL members, $19.95 in the U.S.; $23.95 foreign; prices include postage and handling). PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Notes on Linguistics; n72-75 1996 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Book Reviews; Computer Software; Conferences; Dialects; Doctoral Dissertations; Group Activities; *Language Patterns; *Language Research; *Linguistic Theory; Native Speakers; Phonology; Professional Associations; Publications; Research Methodology; *Syntax; Textbooks; Tone Languages; Workshops IDENTIFIERS 'Binding Theory ABSTRACT The four 1996 issues of this journal contain the following articles: "Sketch of Autosegmental Tonology" (H. Andrew Black); "System Relationships in Assessing Dialect Intelligibility" (Margaret Milliken, Stuart Milliken); "A Step-by-Step Introduction to Government and Binding Theory of Syntax" (Cheryl A. Black); "Participatory Research in Linguistics" (Constance Kutsch Lojenga); "Introduction to Government and Binding Theory II" (Cheryl A. Black); What To Do with CECIL?" (Joan Baart); "WINCECIL" (Jerold A. Edmondson); "Introduction to Government and Binding Theory III" (Cheryl A. Black); and "Mainland Southeast Asia: A Unique Linguistic Area" (Brian Migliazza). Each issue also contains notes from the SIL Linguistics Department coordinator, a number of reports on linguistics association conferences around the world, book and materials reviews, and professional announcements. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Nepalese Translation Volume 1, September 2017 Nepalese Translation
Nepalese Translation Volume 1, September 2017 Nepalese Translation Volume 1,September2017 Volume cg'jfbs ;dfh g]kfn Society of Translators Nepal Nepalese Translation Volume 1 September 2017 Editors Basanta Thapa Bal Ram Adhikari Office bearers for 2016-2018 President Victor Pradhan Vice-president Bal Ram Adhikari General Secretary Bhim Narayan Regmi Secretary Prem Prasad Poudel Treasurer Karuna Nepal Member Shekhar Kharel Member Richa Sharma Member Bimal Khanal Member Sakun Kumar Joshi Immediate Past President Basanta Thapa Editors Basanta Thapa Bal Ram Adhikari Nepalese Translation is a journal published by Society of Translators Nepal (STN). STN publishes peer reviewed articles related to the scientific study on translation, especially from Nepal. The views expressed therein are not necessarily shared by the committee on publications. Published by: Society of Translators Nepal Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu Nepal Copies: 300 © Society of Translators Nepal ISSN: 2594-3200 Price: NC 250/- (Nepal) US$ 5/- EDITORIAL strategies the practitioners have followed to Translation is an everyday phenomenon in the overcome them. The authors are on the way to multilingual land of Nepal, where as many as 123 theorizing the practice. Nepali translation is languages are found to be in use. It is through desperately waiting for such articles so that translation, in its multifarious guises, that people diverse translation experiences can be adequately speaking different languages and their literatures theorized. The survey-based articles present a are connected. Historically, translation in general bird's eye view of translation tradition in the is as old as the Nepali language itself and older languages such as Nepali and Tamang. than its literature. -
Deluxe GE It's Tbne to Trade 11646
EllgttittiB Averags Daily Nst’Frsn Run M . Far «lM Weak M a a The Wsaiher MaySl, ISST ta V. n. WaaUM . D m HiUyar. OtollMia Ahunnl CpL Honry F. Bsrdat. at, son o ( Ronald Haatings TtiM,iNwnol m / '• . i Am a. will bpM Its anmial reunion llr. and Mrs. Haiuy Beidat, 49 Mr. shd Mrs. Arthur B.. Onpan* m i^kboutTown and ouUnt Sunday, June A at Or* Ridgewood St. is a member of the tar, tt Bowers St, has bsen Vblr, arild toatlgkt Low neer 99. .c - floem lM dit, Vernon. D m pragran 1st Infantry'INviaion in Oennany. osptsd St the ^veraity of 11,646 r of taa Aedit enday, k«M A altaie awa akawaie. ^ T Im Biitii)i-Ajn«rio«n aub wiU wUI,l>egln at 1;S0 p.m.^ and wlU He is'a radio'reiMir cMef in Head- nocteut. School o f Bnglaooring, on ! # ♦ ♦ ♦ n a fe ta 99a, M aatay, fa ir tarii \ laid • Mtbtrck TfUtf tonlcht at bMlude swinunlnc, boating and quaiiers Oo. of the Itth Infantry taring in the fan. Hs is a graduata of Olreelellee ^^aaamta ‘ 9:W at tha clublMNiM. Bach player sports. A picnic supper w ill bo pro Regiment's.’Srd Battel ion. Over o f B t James' Paroriiial Schoed, at- ManchtM er^A City of Village Charm wtU cbebae bis own partner. vided. - seas since June 1953, bo worked tsndsd PeHtsvUs' MUltaiy Aead- for Manchester Motors, Ihc., be bmy, PeeksviUa N. T.. and gradu ------------ fore entering the A m y in Novomr ated from Hartford Public High • :Y 0 I r, NO. -
The Data from Huave Borrowings
AMERINDIA N°37(2) 2015, 313-342 Mesoamerican linguistic contacts: the data from Huave borrowings Rolf NOYER University of Pennsylvania [email protected] 1. Introduction The Huavean family, generally considered a genetic isolate, is currently spoken in four distinct dialects/languages in four communities surrounding a large lagoon on the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico: San Francisco del Mar (F), Santa María del Mar (MA), San Dionisio del Mar (D), and San Mateo del Mar (MO). Belmar (1901), in a detailed study of MA, proposed a genetic relationship between Huave and the Mayan languages, but Radin (1916), based on field work on D, rejected the link to Mayan, proposing instead that Huave belonged to the Mixe-Zoquean family. Aside from mostly vague typological parallels and a few morphological commonalities, both authors relied on lexical resemblances, which were striking and numerous enough to permit a somewhat plausible hypothesis of genetic relatedness. Suárez (1975) then offered a detailed reconstruction of Proto-Huave (PH), convincingly establishing that no external genetic relationships could be demonstrated. Since that time no further work on comparative Huavean has been published, although quite a number of descriptive materials and grammatical studies have become available, most importantly a grammar and dictionary of MO (Stairs & Stairs 1981) and a dissertation on the phonology and morphology of F (Kim 2008). Also in recent years descriptive work has resumed (after a century of neglect) for the other two dialects, D and MA. With this large body of 314 AMERINDIA N°37(2) 2015 new data, along with Radin’s unpublished field notes, the present author has compiled a large comparative and etymological dictionary of Huavean (Noyer 2012, henceforth DECH: Diccionario etimológico y comparativo de las lenguas huaves), which contains all available lexical materials, both published and unpublished, a more complete reconstruction of the PH root lexicon, and extensive attention to the origin of Huave loanword vocabulary. -
Vowel Length and Phonation Contrasts in Chuxnabán Mixe
Vowel Length and Phonation Contrasts in Chuxnabán Mixe Carmen Jany University of California, Santa Barbara 1. Introduction Chuxnabán Mixe is a previously undocumented Mixe-Zoque language spoken by about a thousand people in one village in the Mexican southern state of Oaxaca. The Mixe region is composed of two hundred and ninety communities divided into nineteen municipalities (Torres Cisneros 1997). Chuxnabán belongs to the municipality of Quetzaltepec. Each village speaks a different variety of Mixe, some of which are mutually unintelligible. The varieties differ mostly in their vowel systems (Suslak 2003). For instance, while Totontepec Mixe has nine phonemic vowels (Schoenhals 1982), only six are reported for Coatlán Mixe (Hoogshagen 1959, 1997). It is unclear at this point to what extent the different Mixe varities constitute distinct languages or dialects, due to insufficient sources of information. While some linguists divide Mixe into four main varities: Lowland Mixe, Midland Mixe, South Highland Mixe, and North Highland Mixe, the Ethnologue lists ten different Mixe languages divided into three larger branches: Eastern Mixe with six languages and Veracruz Mixe and Western Mixe with two languages each (Gordon 2005). Chuxnabán Mixe has been identified by its speakers as Midland Mixe, and is assumed to correspond to Quetzaltepec Mixe in the Ethnologue entry. Currently, there are only a few published grammars and dictionaries for the many different Mixe languages and dialects spoken (De la Grasserie 1898; Hoogshagen 1997; Ruiz de Bravo Ahuja 1980; Schoenhals 1982; Van Haitsma 1976). The scarce documentation has led to a very small number of studies concerned with the unique and typologically interesting linguistic features of these languages. -
Download the Nawacolex 2.1 Tutorial
The Nawat Corpus & Lexicon Database NAWACOLEX Version 2.1 TUTORIAL © Alan King 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION RESEARCH TOOLS NAWACOLEX’s research tools THE NAWACOLEX DATABASE Concordances What is NAWACOLEX? What is a concordance? What is NAWACOLEX for? Search parameters Choosing your text corpus How does NAWACOLEX work? Concordancing lexicons: Spanish to What is in NAWACOLEX 2.1? Nawat What is not in NAWACOLEX 2.1? Concordancing lexicons: advanced A read-only database searches Sorting INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Sorting of lexicons Install the Toolbox software Sorting of concordances Set up the NAWACOLEX 2.1 database Filters Opening NAWACOLEX for the first time THE LEXICONS Installation troubleshooting Introduction Structure and content USING NAWACOLEX Adaptation and transcription Introducing the NAWACOLEX screen Verb inflections Basic how-to’s Arauz How do I view a book? BibLex How can I browse a document? How can I display a lexicon? Campbell How can I see which lexicons have a Hernandez word? LBN What is the Wordlist? Ramirez What can I do with it? Schultze “Jumps” and parallel movements Todd Wordlist to lexicon Lexicon to lexicon THE TEXTS Text to lexicon Introduction Non-citation forms Structure and content Variants and sub-entries Transcripts Other jumps The corpus Some Toolbox things... Masin The windows Arauz Movable columns and fields Campbell Hidden fields Other texts Browse view Side browse APPENDIX The program bar and status bar Toolbox: Shortcut keys Printing and exporting Toolbox: Advanced users Margins Open windows and the “Window” menu BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION This tutorial teaches how to use the Nawat Corpus & Lexicon or NAWACOLEX database (v 2.1, January 2014), which contains the most important source texts in Nawat, transcribed and edited, and also essential content of the most significant Nawat lexical resources (i.e.