Offizieller Sprachgebrauch in Nizza Im 19. Jahrhundert
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December 2009
Language | Technology | Business December 2009 RRegionegion FFocus:ocus: EEuropeurope IImplicationsmplications ooff iincreasingncreasing EEurope’surope’s ttraderade wwithith CChinahina DDevelopingeveloping aaudioudio ddescriptionescription iinn GGreecereece EEuropeanuropean onlineonline marketingmarketing CCleanlean ddataata iimprovesmproves SSMTMT eenginengine rresultsesults FFiveive hhundredundred oopinions:pinions: ttranslatingranslating eeditorialsditorials 0011 CCoverover ##108.indd108.indd 1 111/4/091/4/09 99:03:05:03:05 AAMM THANK YOU FOR 1010 OUTSTANDING YEARS The Language Technology Experts Governments | Enterprises | Language Service Providers www.multicorpora.com 002-032-03 AAdsds 1108.indd08.indd 2 111/4/091/4/09 99:07:20:07:20 AAMM assertio LANGUAGE LINK UK LTD BeatBabel The Art of Localization HLNA Technical Translations B.V The SDL LSP Partners All SDL Language Service Provider Partners demonstrate commitment to optimize the quality and value of the service they deliver through the skilled utilization of SDL Translation Technology, including the newly launched SDL Trados Studio 2009. To choose an SDL LSP Partner please visit: www.lspzone.com/partners 002-032-03 AAdsds 1108.indd08.indd 3 111/4/091/4/09 99:07:32:07:32 AAMM Could this be true? If you have ever thought that Across might be acquired by a language service provider – sorry, you are wrong! Independence is core to our shared business initiatives – and that’s not subject to negotiation. We’ll put our money where our mouth is! Across takes technology independence so seriously that we are offering a money-back guarantee for LSPs: If we merge with or are acquired by a language service provider within 5 years of your license order, we will pay back all license fees you, as an LSP, spend for Across technology through 2009. -
Attitudes Towards the Safeguarding of Minority Languages and Dialects in Modern Italy
ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SAFEGUARDING OF MINORITY LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS IN MODERN ITALY: The Cases of Sardinia and Sicily Maria Chiara La Sala Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Department of Italian September 2004 This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to assess attitudes of speakers towards their local or regional variety. Research in the field of sociolinguistics has shown that factors such as gender, age, place of residence, and social status affect linguistic behaviour and perception of local and regional varieties. This thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part the concept of language, minority language, and dialect is discussed; in the second part the official position towards local or regional varieties in Europe and in Italy is considered; in the third part attitudes of speakers towards actions aimed at safeguarding their local or regional varieties are analyzed. The conclusion offers a comparison of the results of the surveys and a discussion on how things may develop in the future. This thesis is carried out within the framework of the discipline of sociolinguistics. ii DEDICATION Ai miei figli Youcef e Amil che mi hanno distolto -
The Linguistic Ecology of the Mediterranean
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19235-4 - Language and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds James Clackson Excerpt More information chapter 1 The linguistic ecology of the Mediterranean Introduction All modern human societies are reliant on language. Human languages, whether spoken or signed, are unlike any other communication system in the natural world. Language has the capacity to allow us to express new ideas or to interact with each other in new situations, and to structure the ways in which we understand events and institutions. Homo sapiens is the only creature on the planet endowed with a communication system of such utility and complexity, and the origin of language is intricately bound up with the evolution of our species. Humans have been speaking to each 1 other for at least 100,000 years; but for 95 per cent of that time there was no means of keeping a record of speech. The first writing systems that could fully represent human language arose in the Ancient Near East around 3000 bce, and thereafter the practice of writing, in numerous different scripts, gradually spread westward across the Mediterranean and into surrounding lands. With the advent of writing, the historic record begins. Surviving written texts from the ancient world, when understood, can provide unmatched detail about everything from the price of fish to 2 philosophical speculation on the origin of the universe. Writing also reveals something about the linguistic variety of past societies, both through the range of languages and dialects spoken, and through the different ways in which individuals and societies chose how to express themselves. -
The Ancient People of Italy Before the Rise of Rome, Italy Was a Patchwork
The Ancient People of Italy Before the rise of Rome, Italy was a patchwork of different cultures. Eventually they were all subsumed into Roman culture, but the cultural uniformity of Roman Italy erased what had once been a vast array of different peoples, cultures, languages, and civilizations. All these cultures existed before the Roman conquest of the Italian Peninsula, and unfortunately we know little about any of them before they caught the attention of Greek and Roman historians. Aside from a few inscriptions, most of what we know about the native people of Italy comes from Greek and Roman sources. Still, this information, combined with archaeological and linguistic information, gives us some idea about the peoples that once populated the Italian Peninsula. Italy was not isolated from the outside world, and neighboring people had much impact on its population. There were several foreign invasions of Italy during the period leading up to the Roman conquest that had important effects on the people of Italy. First there was the invasion of Alexander I of Epirus in 334 BC, which was followed by that of Pyrrhus of Epirus in 280 BC. Hannibal of Carthage invaded Italy during the Second Punic War (218–203 BC) with the express purpose of convincing Rome’s allies to abandon her. After the war, Rome rearranged its relations with many of the native people of Italy, much influenced by which peoples had remained loyal and which had supported their Carthaginian enemies. The sides different peoples took in these wars had major impacts on their destinies. In 91 BC, many of the peoples of Italy rebelled against Rome in the Social War. -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
For a Mapping of the Languages/Dialects of Italy And
For a mapping of the languages/dialects of Italy and regional varieties of Italian Philippe Boula de Mareüil, Eric Bilinski, Frédéric Vernier, Valentina de Iacovo, Antonio Romano To cite this version: Philippe Boula de Mareüil, Eric Bilinski, Frédéric Vernier, Valentina de Iacovo, Antonio Romano. For a mapping of the languages/dialects of Italy and regional varieties of Italian. New Ways of Analyzing Dialectal Variation, In press. hal-03318939 HAL Id: hal-03318939 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03318939 Submitted on 11 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. For a mapping of the languages/dialects of Italy and regional varieties of Italian Introduction Unifi ed late, Italy is well-known for its great linguistic diversity. This diversity has been thoroughly covered by linguistic atlases such as the Italian-Swiss Atlas (Jaberg / Jud 1928-1940), the Italian Linguistic Atlas (Bartoli et al. 1995), or the linguistic atlases of the Dolomites (Goebl 2003, 2012), Sicily (Sottile 2018), Calabria (Krefeld 2019) and the Piedmont mountains (Cugno / Cusan 2019), for which projects have undertaken to digitise a portion of the material (Tisato 2010) 1 . In other countries, too, various projects have aimed to make the dialect data collected in the 20th century more widely accessible: in France (Goebl 2002; Oliviéri et al. -
Montevelino.It Languages and Dialects Document the Following Text
montevelino.it Languages and dialects document The following text 'was drawn up at the Regional Conference on Languages, promoted to the European Parliament in Strasbourg, 18 November 1999 by the Parliamentary Group Autonomist European Free Alliance and the Greens. Languages spoken in the territory of the Italian State Proposals for a policy of Multilingualism Integral Written by: Dr. R. Bolognesi - linguist University of Groningen (Netherlands) Matteo Incerti - Journalist Introduction: The proposals presented here, we set ourselves the goal to identify, based on technical criteria as possible, minority languages present in the State italiano.Comunque than the problem of the distinction between languages and dialects, it is important to clarify immediately that such a distinction, beyond certain limits, technically impossible, as well as politically presumptuous. Includes in particular the words of Guido Barbina: "Let us pass, because purely academic and sometimes misleading pretext the problem of differentiating between language and dialect, such a distinction would be impossible, there would certainly clarify the issue of proper classification of cases Italian linguistic differences. "In contrast to widespread belief among the uninitiated, when a linguist speaks of the" dialect of the language X Y "is not describing a relationship between two linguistic entities hierarchically connected, but only trying to save the many words that would need to repeat that he is referring to a linguistic system X, which for convenience may indicate varieties socially and / or geographically defined a family of languages can be shown sufficiently homogeneous, more for convenience, as the language of Y. From a strictly technical point of view, in fact, the dialect X can also justifiably be described as language as sufficiently defined and limited, while the Y language should be more appropriately defined as a family of dialects Y. -
Book of Abstracts
Book of Abstracts 3rd conference on Contested Languages in the Old World (CLOW3) University of Amsterdam, 3–4 May 2018 CLOW3 Scientific Committee: Federico CLOW3 has received financial support from Gobbo (University of Amsterdam); Marco the research programme ‘Mobility and Tamburelli (Bangor University); Mauro Tosco Inclusion in Multilingual Europe’ (MIME, EC (University of Turin). FP7 grant no. 613334). CLOW3 Local Organizing Committee: Federico Gobbo; Sune Gregersen; Leya Egilmez; Franka Bauwens; Wendy Bliekendaal; Nour Efrat-Kowalsky; Nadine van der Maas; Leanne Staugaard; Emmanouela Tsoumeni; Samuel Witteveen Gómez. Additional support has been provided by John Benjamins Publishing Company. CLOW3 Book of Abstracts edited by Sune Gregersen. Abstracts © The Author(s) 2018. 2 Table of contents Paper presentations Ulrich Ammon (keynote) 4 Andrea Acquarone & Vittorio Dell’Aquila 5 Astrid Adler, Andrea Kleene & Albrecht Plewnia 6 Márton András Baló 7 Guillem Belmar, Nienke Eikens, Daniël de Jong, Willemijn Miedma & Sara Pinho 8 Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska & Cordula Ratajczak 9 Guilherme Fians 10 Sabine Fiedler 11 Federico Gobbo 12 Nanna Haug Hilton 13 Gabriele Iannàccaro & Vittorio Dell’Aquila 14 G. T. Jensma 15 Juan Jiménez-Salcedo 16 Aurelie Joubert 17 Petteri Laihonen 18 Patrick Seán McCrea 19 Leena Niiranen 20 Yair Sapir 21 Claudia Soria 22 Ida Stria 23 Marco Tamburelli & Mauro Tosco 24 Poster presentations Eva J. Daussà, Tilman Lanz & Renée Pera-Ros 25 Vittorio Dell’Aquila, Ida Stria & Marina Pietrocola 26 Sabine Fiedler & Cyril Brosch 27 Daniel Gordo 28 Olga Steriopolo & Olivia Maky 29 References 30 Index of languages 34 3 Keynote: From dialects and languages to contested languages Ulrich Ammon (University of Duisburg-Essen) The presentation begins with the explication of concepts which are fundamental and which have to be defined with sufficient clarity for the following thoughts, because terminology and concepts vary widely in the relevant literature. -
Download the Program Booklet
Spaß an Sprachen ! Überall wo es Bücher gibt und auf AssimilWelt.com Spaß an Sprachen ! Überall wo es Bücher gibt und auf AssimilWelt.com Content 2 Content Welcome ....................................................................................................................3 Conference organizers .............................................................................................4 Polyglot Gathering application ...............................................................................8 Timetable – Wednesday ..........................................................................................9 Timetable – Thursday ............................................................................................10 Timetable – Friday .................................................................................................12 Timetable – Saturday .............................................................................................14 Timetable – Sunday ................................................................................................16 Map of the venue ....................................................................................................18 List of talks and speakers .......................................................................................20 Cultural and special activities ...............................................................................74 Trips..........................................................................................................................80 -
Piedmontese, an Endangered Language
Perspectives Gianni Davico Piedmontese, Column an endangered language According to research by IRES (an independent in this case it is usually marked with a grave accent, as in tèila — toil) or what is called mesmuta (literally “half mute,” indi- public research institute), Piedmontese — the lan- cated with the dieresis, as in ghërsin — breadstick). In the latter guage of Piedmont, a region in the northwestern case, the sound, though it varies from region to region, is similar area of Italy — is spoken or at least well under- to the vowel in the English the; A ■ Next to the normal o, there is also the eu like in the Eng- stood by over two million people, while another lish girl (example: reusa — rose); million people can understand it at least a bit. As ■ Next to the normal u (marked o for historical reasons), normal for a minority language, the people who there is also the u (like in French, for example, cun-a — cradle); read and write it are fewer. There isn’t a pre- ■ The faucal or velar n-, a consonant that doesn’t exist in Italian. Example: lun-a — moon. cise number, but my guess is a fi gure of around In general, Piedmontese is quite similar to French. This is 100,000 people. These are actually huge numbers, because, as already mentioned, it is a western neo-Latin lan- placing it in the fi rst spots in regional languages guage, which makes it quite different from Italian, an eastern in Italy per number of speakers. It has also to be neo-Latin language. -
Existentials and Locatives in Romance Dialects of Italy OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 4/9/2015, Spi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 4/9/2015, Spi
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 4/9/2015, SPi Existentials and Locatives in Romance Dialects of Italy OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 4/9/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 4/9/2015, SPi Existentials and Locatives in Romance Dialects of Italy DELIA BENTLEY, FRANCESCO MARIA CICONTE, AND SILVIO CRUSCHINA 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 4/9/2015, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX26DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Delia Bentley, Francesco Maria Ciconte, and Silvio Cruschina 2015 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2015 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording or otherwise, for commercial purposes without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Enquiries concerning use outside the scope of the licence terms should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the above address Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933305 ISBN 978–0–19–874526–6 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR04YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
Language in Ancient Europe: an Introduction Roger D
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68495-8 - The Ancient Languages of Europe Edited by Roger D. Woodard Excerpt More information chapter 1 Language in ancient Europe: an introduction roger d. woodard The Sanscrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong, indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists: there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothik and the Celtick, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanscrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family. Asiatick Researches 1:442–443 In recent years, these words of an English jurist, Sir William Jones, have been frequently quoted (at times in truncated form) in works dealing with Indo-European linguistic origins. And appropriately so. They are words of historic proportion, spoken in Calcutta, 2 February 1786, at a meeting of the Asiatick Society, an organization that Jones had founded soon after his arrival in India in 1783 (on Jones, see, inter alia, Edgerton 1967). If Jones was not the first scholar to recognize the genetic relatedness of languages (see, inter alia, the discussion in Mallory 1989:9–11) and if history has treated Jones with greater kindness than other pioneers of comparative linguistic investigation, the foundational remarks were his that produced sufficient awareness, garnered sufficient attention – sustained or recollected – to mark an identifiable beginning of the study of comparative linguistics and the study of that great language family of which Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Gothic, Celtic, and Old Persian are members – and are but a few of its members.