The Parthenon on the Akropolis of Athens Adrian Stähli, Department of the Classics

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HAA 11: Landmarks of World Architecture The Parthenon on the Akropolis of Athens Adrian Stähli, Department of the Classics

Rudolf Müller, The Akropolis from the Pnyx (1863). Athens, Benaki Museum 1) Why is the Parthenon a Landmark of Architecture?

Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon (448–432 BC): west façade

Athens, Akropolis, seen from south-west Cyriacus of Ancona, Sketch from his Anonymous, drawing (17th c., before travels to Greece (1444) 1697). – Today. The Parthenon in the 12th c. The Parthenon in the 17th c. The Akropolis in 1697, after: F. Fanelli, Atene Attica descritta… (1707) The Parthenon in 1697 Mortar bomb shell, found in the Parthenon (17th c.). Eton College James Stuart & Nicholas Revett, The Antiquities of Athens… II, 1787 Julien-David Le Roy, Les ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grece, 1758, vol. II, pl. 7 & 9 Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Geschichte der Kunst des Alter- thums (= The History of Ancient Art), 1764 Archibald Archer, The Temporary Elgin Room (1819). London, British Museum Parthenon, east pediment (438–434/3 BC): Dionysos. London, British Museum James Stephanoff, An Assemblage of Works of Art (1845). London, British Museum

Friedrich Schinkel, View of the Flower of Greece (1825, lost); copy by August W. J. Ahlborn (1836). Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie Leo von Klenze, Akropolis (1846). Munich, Neue Pinakothek Peter von Hess, The Entry of King Otto in Athens, 1835 (1839). Munich, Neue Pinakothek

Decimus Burton, Hyde Park Screen (1828). London, Hyde Park Corner

Decimus Burton, Athenaeum (1830). London, Waterloo Place/ Pall Mall

Alexander J. Davis and Ithiel Town, US Custom House (1842); now: Federal Hall National Memorial. New York, Wall Street

Tennessee Centennial Exposition (1897), Nashville

The Parthenon (1931), Nashville

Leo von Klenze, Walhalla (1842). Donaustauf near Regensburg (Bavaria)

Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–68)

Olympia, Part One: Festival of the Nations (Leni Riefenstahl, Germany 1938)

Makronisos (1946–49)

Makronisos (1946–49) 2) Understanding the Parthenon

Athens, Akropolis

Athens, Akropolis: buildings of the period of Perikles (2nd half of 5th century BC)

Parthenon (448–432 BC): west façade

Parthenon (448–432 BC), east façade: Doric column

Parthenon (448–432 BC), east façade: Doric capital and entablature

Parthenon, West metopes and triglyphs (448–438 BC)

Parthenon (448–432 BC), west front. Basel, Skulpturhalle

Parthenon (448–432 BC), triglyphs: regula and guttae

Parthenon (448–432 BC), reconstruction: Gottfried Semper (1834)

Parthenon (448–432 BC), reconstruction: Gottfried Semper (ca. 1834)

Parthenon (448–432 BC): curvature

Parthenon (448–432 BC): south pteron (“wing”, aisle) → Peripteros

Parthenon (448–432 BC): 30.88 x 69.50 m; 8 x 17 columns. – Paestum, ´Temple of Neptun´ (of Hera?, ca. 450 BC): 24.31 x 59.96 m; 6 x 14 columns

Parthenon (448–432 BC): west façade

Phidias, Athena Parthenos (438–434/3 BC): reconstructions in Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum (1962), and Nashville, Parthenon (1931)

Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon: rear room of the Cella (= “Parthenon”?), with treasures according to inventory of 431/30 BC

Akropolis, Parthenon (448–432 BC), North frieze: Hydriophoroi

Parthenon (448–432 BC), West front

Parthenon, cella frieze, or ´Panathenaic Frieze´ (448–438 BC)

Parthenon, cella frieze, or ´Panathenaic Frieze´ (448–438 BC): west frieze

Olympia, Temple of Zeus Olympios (completed 457/6 BC?): cella, east metopes

Parthenon, cella frieze, or ´Panathenaic Frieze´ (448–438 BC): west frieze Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Phidias and the Frieze of the Parthenon (1868). Birmingham Parthenon, cella frieze, or ´Panathenaic Frieze´ (448–438 BC)

Parthenon, pronaos (448–432 BC): changes in the plan during construction

Parthenon: carving of the south frieze

Annual building accounts of the Parthenon (448–432 BC): Inscriptiones Graecae I3 439–451. Athens, Epigraphical Museum

Annual building accounts of the Parthenon (448–432 BC), year 434/3 BC: (Inscriptiones Graecae I3 449). Athens, Epigraphical Museum

Athens, Akropolis (late 5th century BC): Panathenaia

Parthenon, ´reading´ the sculptural decoration: “performative gaze”

Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon (448–438 BC), North frieze

Parthenon, ´reading´ the sculptural decoration: “performative gaze”