Greek Art
• Periods • Pottery • Sculpture • Architecture
Malaspina Great Books Periods
Archaic: 1700BC - 500 BC ( During the new kingdom in Egypt )
Classical : 500 BC - 323 BC (when Greece was in its prime)
Hellenistic: 323 BC - 30BC (Exaggerated Perfection)
Classical: Head of Blond Youth Painting Stoa at Athens Pottery
Niobid Krater •What we know about the Greek culture during the ancient time comes from their pottery . •There are thousands of pieces of pottery still remaining. •They used the pottery for a variety of reasons •Most all of their pottery was black with orange narrative art. Pottery Achilles Painter Pottery Andokides Painter Pottery Apulian Painter Pottery Berlin Painter YouTube - Ancient Greek Vases Sculpture
Early Classical 4: Blond Boy , c. 480 B.C. Greek and Roman Sculpture • Greek and Roman Sculpture is very Similar. Both were very realistic. • The Romans Copied the Greek’s sculptures, then they improved them. • Most sculptures are made of marble, and are of important people (Leaders, gods, and athletes). • After the Romans copied the Greek Sculptures they destroyed most of them. Myron Diskobolus (Discus Thrower) ca. 450 B.C.E. Roman marble copy after a bronze original 61 in. high Sculpture Phidias Athena 438 BC Sculpture Phidias? Man with Helmet Sculpture Polyclitus Doryphoros (Spear carrier) 440 BC Sculpture Hellenistic: Venus of Melos (Milo) c. 100 BC Sculpture Laocoon and his sons c. 175-150 BC Vatican Museum Architecture- Greek
Model of Parthenon
During the Greek time period the cities were built on top of mountains and hillsides
Acropolis Athens, Greece Greece’s most Famous building is the Parthenon.
It was made as a temple for the Goddess Athena. It had a 40 feet tall statue made of Gold and Ivory of her, but it was stolen
There is a full scale replica at Nashville th Introduction Pheidas’ Athena Parthenos 5 c. BC Introduction Pheidas’ Athena Parthenos 2002 – Nashville Replica Introduction Parthenon replica - Nashville Architecture Parthenon Architecture Doric: Temple of Hera Architecture Doric: Temple of Zeus at Olympia Greek Architecture
• Buildings were mostly temples • Buildings were made of marble and stone • The buildings were actually painted in bright colors during the Greek time period What are the Similarities of the Greeks and Romans? How have the ancient Greeks and Romans influenced our buildings? Roman Advances in Architecture Romans were well known thieves. Although most of their ideas were stolen from other societies Romans improved upon the stolen ideas and made them great . Arches Bigger & Better Concrete inventors Dome Buildings wide open buildings Aqueducts Their own idea of running water system, clean YouTube - Ancient Rome 3D cities. Bath houses houses with heating and running water. Roman Aqueduct
Ancient Rome had eleven major aqueducts, built between 312 B.C. and 226 A.D.the longest ( Anio Novus ) was 59 miles long. Aqueducts
• Aqueducts provided water for people in a town or village. •The Greek had underground canals and galleries, hewn out of the rock to lead the water to dry pastures. •The Romans were the first to construct aqueducts the way we know them: --a line of arches joined together, with a channel on Pont Du Gard the top to carry water. Aqueduct Technology
•Closed pipes were occasionally used to cross valleys by the "inverted syphon" method. • The pressure forced the water down and up again on the other side, to a level slightly lower than before. Aqueducts in America
Croton Aqueduct, New York City, NY, 1842 •Provide clean water to the growing city.
Cabin John Bridge, Washington Aqueduct, Washington, DC, 1852 The Arches
Arch of Constantine is Arch of Severus is the A classic the Ancient Roman example of the triumphal Corinthian style arch arch type. that has a bearing Masonry construction system.
Arch of Titus is the Arch of Janus triumphal arch, gateway 36 Ancient Rome’s Architecture Pantheon
The Pantheon, one of the most impressive buildings in Rome, as rebuilt in A.D. 117-125 (by Emperor Hadrian to replace an earlier temple designed by Agrippa in 27 B.C.) The original rectangular temple, consisting of sixteen single granite columns, became the porch for the newly devised dome structure.
37 Colosseum YouTube - Modern Marvels: The Colosseum Amphitheaters
• Amphi- means "around" in Greek. Amphi-theatres are "theatres in the round” • The amphitheatre was the place where people went to see fights. These fights were between slaves, prisoners of war or criminals, and sometimes wild animals • They were usually outdoor arenas where people watched sporting events and plays. Amphitheaters in America
Michigan State University, Stadium
Arlington, Virginia Theaters
• The theater was shaped with a half circle or orchestra space in front of the stage.
• The structure was built into a hillside and the wall behind the stage structure was relatively low.
• To solve the problem of lighting and sound - the theaters were outdoors.
• Dodoni was a vital center from about 2000 BC and flourished Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater, well into the Roman times. Northwest Greece Theaters - American
Boston Pops, Massachusetts Greek Theater Formation
• Orchestra : The orchestra (literally, "dancing space") was normally circular.
• Theatron : The theatron (literally, "viewing-place") is where the spectators sat.
• Skene : The skene (literally, "tent") was the building directly behind the stage.
• Parodos : The parodoi (literally, "passageways") are the paths by which the chorus and some actors made their entrances and exits. Ancient Roman Baths
Public baths were an important part of Roman life. Early baths generally had dressing room suites and bathing chambers with hot- , warm- , and cold-water baths alongside an exercise area. Later, they incorporating libraries, lecture halls, and vast vaulted public spaces elaborately decorated with statues, mosaics, and paintings. 44 Bath Houses
• Aqueducts provided the water to the public baths.
• Heated and cooled baths.
• Dirty water was replaced with clean water.
• Exercise and message rooms were available. Bath House - Heating
The system the Romans had for maintaining their baths. In the cold and hot areas, the water temperature was actually regulated by the use of underground fire furnaces. Baths Houses in America
Bath houses – Spas provide:
• Skin Care • Mud Baths • Salt Scrubs • Body Wraps • Herbal Baths • Mineral Baths • Aromatherapy • Exercise room • Facial Treatment • Message Therapy Brief History
• Ancient Greece is considered by most historians to be the cultural foundation of Western Civilization . • Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire , which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe. • Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, art and architecture of the modern world. • The Roman Empire's influence on government, law, and monumental architecture, as well as many other aspects of Western life remains visible today. Architectural Influences (Select an area of interest and explore .)
Doric Ionic Corinthian Column Column Column
Amphitheaters Arches Monuments
Aqueducts Theaters Bath Houses Doric Columns
• The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital ), is plain. • The columns are fluted.
• This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily . Doric Architecture
In Doric columns: • On the architrave, there are triglyphs and metopes .
• At the top of the columns, there's a capital made of a sort of small pillow in stone, and then a square block, under the architrave.
• The columns have no base, but just sit right on the floor. Doric Architecture in America
Doric Columns used on the porch of a house .
Justice Hall, New York City, New York Ionic Architecture
• The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant.
• The capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute).
• This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands
Maps Architecture Ionic: Temple of Apollo at Didyma Ionic
Architecture Ionic Architecture
In Ionic columns: • At the top of the columns, there's a double curve in stone, under the architrave.
• They are still fluted , but they have more flutes than Doric columns.
• The columns have a small base to stand on, instead of sitting right on the floor. Ionic Architecture in America
Garden Statuary, Stockbridge, MA
Residence Mason, Michigan Corinthian Architecture
• The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples.
• The capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves Corinthian Architecture
In Corinthian columns:
• On the architrave, as in Ionic temples, there is a continuous frieze where the triglyphs and metopes would be on a Doric temple.
• At the top of the columns, on the capital, there's a stone carving of acanthus leaves, under the architrave.
• The columns have a fancier base to stand on. Corinthian Architecture in America
Duveen's Gallery, New York City, NY
New York University, Hall of Fame Terrace, New York Corinthian Architecture in America
Corinthian column used on outside portico (porch) of: State Of Michigan Capital Building .
Blue Prints Drawing; 1865
State of Michigan Capital Building, Lansing, MI Completed in 1879 Corinthian Architecture in America
State of Michigan Capital Building, Lansing, MI 1879 Corinthian Architecture in America
Under the pediment, looking upward at the coffered (decorative, sunken panel ) ceiling, outside the Capital Capital Building, Washington, D.C. Building, Washington, D.C. Arches
• An arch is a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight.
• The arch was developed in Ancient Greece and later refined in Ancient Rome .
• Arches were used by for underground structures such as drains and vaults.
• The ancient Romans were the The Arch of Constantine ; first to use them widely above background right, the Colosseum . ground . Arches in America
Public Library, interior 1897 New York
Union Station, interior 1908 Washington, DC Monument
• Roman monuments were constructed using the arch and had the details carved into them.
• The arch was usually very big and was a prominent feature of the skyline of the town in Arch of Constantine which it was located . 315 A.D. Monuments in America
General Grant National Memorial, New York, 1897
Plymouth Rock, Canopy over rock, Plymouth, MA