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100 Greatest Tourist Attractios eBook

Release 2.1 (January, 2014) - Mike Kaplan

All text within this e-book, is subject to the copyright of touropia.com. All images are subject to their creative commons copyright.

Front cover: The Eiffel Tower

Foreword

The earliest lists of travel wonders were made more than 2,000 years ago by ancient Hellenic tourists. The idea of creating a list of architectural wonders arose following Alexander the Great’s conquest of much of the known world in the 4th century BC, which gave Greek travelers access to the civilizations of the Egyptians, Persians, and Babylonians.

The Greek writers didn’t refer to these monuments as “Wonders” but rather as “top sights” or “things to be seen” (theamata). Each person had his own version of a Seven Wonders list. Some lists contain such ancient wonders as the Walls of Babylon and the Palace of Cyrus, King of Persia. The most famous lists of are those of Antipater of Sidon and Philon of Byzantium, both created in the 2nd century BC. Except for the Great Pyramid of Giza the wonders on that list no longer exist. They were destroyed by earthquakes, fires and in one case by an angry mob.

Many lists of wonders have been made since then. In this eBook we’ve tried to capture the 100 world’s most unique and wonderful destinations. Besides man- mad structures we’ve also include nature’s top destinations as we think those are just as important and amazing as those created by man. With so many beautiful places on earth a list of the greatest tourist attractios in the world is unlikely to create a consensus. Albeit subjective, this is our version of the greatest wonders of what we think represents the best of what the world has to offer.

Paro Valley, Bhutan Taktsang Dzong Photo by:Göran Höglund

Situated on the edge of a The first monastery was not #100 3,000 feet (900 meter) constructed until 1692 at the order of cliff, the Taktsang Tenzin Rabgye, the ruler of Bhutan Monastery or Tiger’s Nest creates an from 680 to 694. It is built around impressive sight, and is the unofficial the Taktsang Senge Samdup cave, symbol of Bhutan. It is about 2-3 where custom holds that Guru hour, totally up-hill hike from the Rinpoche meditated in the 8th parking lot to the monastery. century. In 1998 a tragic fire According to a legend Guru Rinpoche destroyed most of the original flew to this location from Tibet on the buildings, but these have since been back of a tigress and Taktsang was painstakingly restored to their consecrated to tame the Tiger demon. former glory.

Toronto, Canada CN Tower Photo by: Scarleth White

Located in the heart of Visitors can look out from behind #99 Downtown Toronto, the glass windows or go to an outside CN Tower is Canada’s observing area to look through a most recognizable icon. The metal screen. Thrill-seekers can walk communication tower was built from on and around the roof of the main 1973 to 1976 by the railway pod of the tower at 1,168.0 feet (356 company “Canadian National” and m). Called the EdgeWalk, it is the standing 1,815.4 feet (553.33 meters) world's highest full-circle, hands-free tall was the tallest structure in the walk. Visitors are tethered to an world for over 30 years until it was overhead rail system and walk surpassed in height by the Burj around the edge of the CN Tower's Khalifa skyscraper in Dubai. It main pod above the 360 Restaurant. remains the tallest free-standing The attraction is closed throughout structure in the Americas attracting the winter season and during periods more than two million international of electrical storms and high winds. visitors per year.

Nepal Kathmandu Valley Photo by: neiljs

Located at the base of the Spectacular sites not to be missed in #98 Himalayan Mountains in Kathmandu Valley include the central Nepal, Kathmandu Bouddhanath Stupa, the most Valley covers a region of ancient popular attraction in the valley, and cities rife with historic temples, the Swayambhunath Stupa, which is architecture, monuments and art one of the oldest of its kind in Nepal. works. Kathmandu Valley comprises Additionally, the Pashupatinath the three chief cities of Bhaktapur, Temple is one of the world's most Patan and Kathmandu in addition to sacred Hindu shrines. The soaring hundreds of smaller villages. Dharahara tower offers breathtaking Originally inhabited by the Newars views of the valley while the Garden and ruled by the Malla kings between of Dreams is a historical garden the 12th and 18th centuries, the complex complete with sunken region is famous for its magnificent flower gardens, ponds, water works palaces, pagodas and stupas that give and artistic features. testimony to the superb artistic skill of the Newars.

Palau Rock Islands Photo by: LuxTonnerre

The Rock Islands are featuring over 385 coral species and #97 ancient relics of coral reefs different types of habitat. that surfaced to form the The Rock Islands are also home to the 445 islands in Palau’s Southern highest concentration of marine lakes Lagoon. The islands are for the most anywhere in the world, isolated part uninhabited, and are famous for bodies of seawater separated from their beaches, blue lagoons and the the ocean by land barriers. One of peculiar shapes of many of the these lakes is the famous Jellyfish islands. Many of them display unique Lake, a body of seawater with mushroom-like shapes. The aesthetic millions of golden jellyfish with very beauty of the Rock Islands are weak stingers where snorkelers can heightened by the turquoise lagoons safely swim. surrounded by a complex reef system

Israel/Jordan Dead Sea Photo by: Christian Haugen

The Dead Sea is a salt lake impossible to sink. A popular activity #96 between Israel and the by visitors is to have their picture West Bank to the west, taken while reading a newspaper and and Jordan to the east. It is said to be floating on the surface of the water. the lowest point on Earth, at 1,378 Another popular activity is for feet (420 meters) below sea level. It visitors to cover their bodies with the is also the world's second saltiest dark mud from the shores. The mud body of water, after Lake Asal in of the Dead Sea contain many Djibouti. With 30 percent salinity, it minerals and is believed to have is 8.6 times saltier than the ocean and medicinal and therapeutic benefits. 9 times saltier than the In recent decades, the Dead Sea has Mediterranean Sea. Its salinity been rapidly shrinking because of prevents the existence of any life diversion of incoming water from the forms in the lake, hence the name Jordan River to the north. All the “Dead Sea”. shallow waters of the southern end of Due to the hypersalination of the the sea have been drained and are water, one can float with ease in the now salt flats. Dead Sea and it is in fact nearly

Belize Barrier Reef Great Blue Hole Photo by: Belize Tourism Board

Three of the four atolls in deeper one dives into the Blue Hole, #95 the western hemisphere the clearer the water and the more can be found in Belizian breathtaking the scenery, as the array waters, the fourth atoll lies just north of bizarre stalactites and limestone in Mexican waters. Lighthouse Reef is formations become more complex probably the best known of these and intense. Divers can also see atolls due to the Great Blue Hole that several species of fish, including giant can be found near its center. The groupers, nurse sharks, and several most popular dive site in all of Belize, types of reef sharks such as the the Great Blue Hole offers divers Caribbean reef shark and the Blacktip interesting observations of limestone shark. formations that mold its walls. The

Fiordland, New Zealand Milford Sound Photo by: lwtt93

Attracting nearly one cascade down the steep cliffs and #94 million visitors annually, remain even days after the rains Milford Sound is one of stops. New Zealand's most popular tourist A visit to the Sound offer views of destinations. Situated within the spectacular scenery and wildlife such Fiordland National Park on South as dolphins, penguins, seals and New Island, this awe-inspiring natural Zealand glow worms. Most scenic wonder is more accurately a fjord tours of Milford Sound involve a bus than a sound because it was formed ride through the breathtaking by melting glaciers. Surrounded on landscape or a boat cruise into the both sides by steep, imposing cliffs Sound. Tourists also have the option and lush rainforest, the Sound of flight tours to admire the majestic features several majestic peaks mountains, alpine lakes and rugged named for animals and objects that coastline from the air. Other ways of they resemble such as Mitre Peak, exploring the Sound and nearby area The Elephant and The Lion. The are by canoeing and walking the frequent rains in Milford Sound Milford Track, an old Aboriginal trail enhance the beauty of the place by that offers amazing scenery. creating hundreds of waterfalls that

Sri Lanka Sigiriya Rock Photo by: Amila Tennakoon

Sigiriya is a spectacular Sigiriya was developed into a #93 1214 foot (370 meter) complex city and fortress. Most of the high ‘Lion rock’ fortress elaborate constructions on the rock overlooking the green jungle summit and around it, including surroundings. t is the most visited defensive structures, palaces, and historic site in Sri Lanka. The Sigiriya gardens, date back to this period. rock is a hardened magma plug from After his death Sigiriya was turned an extinct and long-eroded volcano, back into a Buddhist monastery, similar to the Devils Tower in which lasted until the 13th or 14th Wyoming. From about the 5h century century. After this period, no records BC it was used as a rock-shelter are found on Sigiriya until 300 years mountain monastery and later turned later when it was used briefly as an into a rock fortress by King Kasyapa. outpost of the Kingdom of Kandy. During his reign (477 to 495),

France Chartres Cathedral Photo by: Francisco Gonzalez

The majestic Chartres century, soaring columns, the #92 Cathedral is an elaborate carvings on the doorways, extraordinary example of the north portal with its more than medieval Gothic architecture. Part of 700 figures and the tower with views it was built in 1145, and, after a fire of the surroundings as well as in 1194, it took 26 years to buttresses and gargoyles make this a reconstruct this masterpiece of a marvel. No direct light enters the church. Still in remarkable condition, Cathedral; all the warm glow comes the large nave that is the widest of through the spectacular red and blue any in France at 52 feet (16 meters), ancient stained glass windows. the fine sculptures from the mid-12th

Barcelona, Spain Sagrada Familia Photo by: Ran Yaniv Hartstein

La Sagrada Familia is the were inspired by the peaks of #91 most popular attractions Montserrat Mountain outside in Barcelona, attracting Barcelona, and had similar uneven nearly 2.8 million visitors each year. lines.. The plans include 18 spires, It is a large and intricate basilica which represent Jesus Christ, the designed by Antoni Gaudi, a Catalan Virgin Mary, the four Evangelists and architect. Construction began in 1882 the Twelve Apostles. Work is still and continues to this day. The taking place on some of these spires, building is predicted to be completed while others are open to the public. within the next 30 years. The design also calls for three facades The design of La Sagrada Familia on the building. These include the incorporates interpretations of many Nativity Facade facing east, the architectural styles, such as Arat Passion Facade facing west and the Nouveau, Gothic and Catalan Glory Façade facing south. The Modernism. Gaudi’s original plans Nativity Facade was completed in called for a temple large enough to 1930. The Passion Façade and the seat 13,000 people. Because he Glory Façade are still under disliked straight lines, his towers construction.

Czech Republic Prague Old City Photo by: Brad Hammonds

One of Europe's most Prague became the capital of the #90 beautiful cities, Prague Czech Republic. was founded in the 9th Today, Prague is a magical city of century and has served over the stunning cathedrals, medieval centuries as the seat of Holy Roman architecture, vibrant culture, fine Emperors as well as an important dining and energetic atmosphere, economic, cultural and political making it one of the most visited center in Central Europe. Playing cities in Europe. The city's Old Town important roles in the Protestant is packed with historic landmarks Reformation and the Thirty Years' such as the Astronomical Clock and War, the city became the capital of gorgeous churches like the Church of Czechoslovakia after World War I. Our Lady before Týn. Outside the Following Czechoslovakia's 1993 historic district are must-see sites division into two separate countries; like the beautiful Charles Bridge and the huge Prague Castle.

Italy Amalfi Coast Photo by: Abdulsalam Haykal

Situated in Italy's multicolored villas and ritzy resorts. #89 southwestern region of All along the Amalfi Coast, tourists Campania, the Amalfi will find enticing villages such as Coast is known for its extraordinary Sorrento, a combination of historic beauty. Stretching 30 miles along the architecture and modern resorts, southern side of the Sorrento restaurants and shops. One of the Peninsula, the Amalfi Coast is prized most romantic and posh towns along for its picturesque coastline that the Amalfi Coast is Positano with its features shimmering bays, craggy beautiful pebbled beaches, pastel cliffs, lemon tree gardens, houses and scenic mountains.

Peru Nazca Lines Photo by: Dennis Jarvis

The Nazca Lines are Peruvian airlines started to fly from #88 located between the towns Lima to Arequipa, that they were of Nazca and Palpa along recognized as figures. The extremely the northern Pacific coast. Created dry, windless, and constant climate of between 200 BC and 700 AD the the Nazca Desert has preserved the giant figures range from simple lines lines well. to stylized spiders, monkeys, fish, Hotels and tour agents in Nazca offer llamas, lizards and human figures. round flights in a Cessna to view the They were created by removing lines. There is also an observation surface stones, revealing the lighter- tower along the Pan-American colored soil below. The lines were highway with a view of three of the created on such a large scale that it figures. wasn’t until the 1920s, when

Djenné, Mali Great Mosque Photo by: qiv

The largest mud building entire community of Djenné takes an #87 in the world, the Djenné active role in the mosque's Mosque is built in maintenance via a unique annual Sudanese style and located in Mali. It festival. This includes music and food, has timbers jutting out for support but has the primary objective of and to make the annual replastering repairing the damage inflicted on the easier. The first mosque on the site mosque in the past year from rain was built around the 13th century, errosion and cracks caused by but the current structure is about a changes in temperature and century old. humidity. The mosque is situated in the city of The city’s colorful and varied outdoor Djenné on the flood plain of the Bani market is put on at the foot of this River. Djenné was at one time, mosque and is a must-visit. ancient Timbuktu’s sister city. The

Thailand Ko Phi Phi Photo by: Mike Behnken

Ko Phi Phi is a small by the Indian Ocean tsunami of #86 archipelago in the Krabi December 2004, when nearly all of Province in Southern the island’s infrastructure was Thailand. Ko Phi Phi Don is the destroyed. Redevelopment has, largest island of the group, and is the however, been swift, and services are only island with permanent back with building regulations in inhabitants while the smaller Ko Phi place to limit the height of new hotels Phi Leh is famous as the filming and other buildings to preserve the location for the 2000 movie “The island’s stunning views. Beach”. Ko Phi Phi was severely hit

Morocco Marrakesh Old City Photo by: Grand Parc

One of the largest cities in beautiful old architecture and #85 Morocco, Marrakesh was courtyards of orange, palm, apricot formerly one of the and olive trees, Marrakesh today is country's imperial cities. Marrakesh still one of Africa's most popular was founded in the 11th century by tourist destinations. the Almoravides, a Berber dynasty At the heart of the Marrakesh is the who turned the city into an important Medina, a labyrinth of old walls and center of commerce, religion, narrow passageways packed with philosophy and culture. Under historic sites, museums, enticing food Almoravide rule, red sandstone walls, stalls and colorful souks, or markets. lavish palaces and Koranic schools The focal point of the Medina is were built of which much can still be Djemaa El-Fna, the main square, seen today. buzzing with snake charmers, During the 1960s, Marrakesh was musicians, acrobats, storytellers, known as a "hippie mecca," attracting magicians and stalls selling the likes famous celebrities such as The of carpets, leather, pottery, hookahs Beatles, Yves Saint Laurent and the and spices. Rolling Stones. Comprised of

Amritsar, India Harmandir Sahib Photo by: Guilhem Vellut

The Harmandir Sahib, intended to be symbolic of the Sikh #84 better known as the worldview. Instead of the normal Golden Temple is the main custom of building a temple on high attraction in Amritsar, and the most land, it was built at a lower level than important religious place to the the surrounding land so that Sikhs. Construction of the famous devotees would have to go down temple was begun by Guru Ram Dast steps to enter it. In addition, instead in the 16th century and completed by of one entrance, Sri Harimandir Sahib his successor Guru Arjan. In the 19th has four entrances, symbolizing the century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh openness of the Sikhs towards all covered the upper floors of the people and religions. temple with gold, which gives it its It’s a stunning temple, and always full distinctive appearance and English of thousands of pilgrims from all over name. Some of the architectural India, excited to be at a place that features of the Golden Temple were they usually only see on television.

Japan Mount Fuji Photo by: Daniel Foster

Mount Fuji is the highest A popular destination, an estimated #83 mountain in Japan at 200,000 people climb Mount Fuji 12,388 feet (3,776 every year, 30% of whom are meters). The volcano’s exceptionally foreigners. The ascent can take symmetrical cone is a well-known anywhere between three and eight symbol of Japan and it is frequently hours while the descent can take depicted in art and photographs, as from two to five hours. The most- well as visited by sightseers and popular period for to hike up the climbers. t is one of Japan's "Three mountain is from July to August, Holy Mountains" along with Mount while climbing from October to May Tate and Mount Haku. The volcano is is strongly discouraged because of currently classified as active with a the severe cold weather. low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was in 1708.

Botswana Okavango Delta Photo by: Joachim Huber

The Okavango Delta in transpiration instead of draining into #82 Botswana is one of the the sea. world’s great inland The Okavango delta is famous for its waterways. It is formed where the wide variety of wildlife. Species Okavango River empties onto a basin include elephant, hippopotamus, in the Kalahari Desert. The delta is giraffe, crocodile, lion, cheetah, created from the rains that fill the rhinoceros and zebra. The majority of Okavango River during the rainy the estimated 200,000 large season, between January and mammals in and around the delta are February. The waters arrives at the not year round residents. They leave delta in March and rising to the peak with the summer rains and make months of July and August. Most of their way back as winter approaches. the water is lost to evaporation and

Lalibela, Ethiopia Rock-Hewn Churches Photo by: A.Davey

Lalibela is one of the 12th and 13th centuries by a #81 Ethiopia’s holiest cities, medieval Ethiopian civilization. The second only to Aksum, and Church of St. George is the most well is a center of pilgrimage for much of known and last built of the eleven the country. This rural town is known churches. The dimensions of the around the world for its monolithic complex are 82 feet by 82 feet by 98 churches which play an important feet (25x25x30 meters), and there is part in the history of rock-cut a small baptismal pool outside the architecture. Though the dating of the church, which stands in an artificial churches is not well established, most trench. are thought to have been built during

London, England Big Ben Photo by:Francisco Diez

Located in the Houses of First Commissioner of Works official, #80 Parliament in London, Big both of which were familiarly known Ben is one of the city's as "Big Ben." most famous landmarks. Big Ben is An illuminated light above the clock the nickname for the massive bell signals when parliament is in session. belonging to the world's largest four- Consisting of sandstone brickwork faced chiming clock, which is housed and a cast iron spire, the tower within the historic Clock Tower. containing the bell and clock rises Often, the nickname is used to refer more than 300 feet (90 meters) amid to the bell, clock and tower as a London's cityscape. whole. Weighing 13.5 tons, the Frequently highlighted in numerous present-day Big Ben bell was films, Big Ben and its chimes are also constructed in 1858 after a first bell a traditional focus of New Year of 16 tons cracked irreparably two celebrations in Great Britain. years prior. Two differing theories Although Big Ben is one of London's speculate that the bell's nickname best known landmarks, it is not open either originated from a British to the public. heavyweight boxing champion or a

Rocky Mountains, Canada Banff Photo by: Satoru Kikuchi

Located in the province of draw many tourists every year along #79 Alberta, the Banff National the Trans-Canada Highway, which Park is not only Canada's passes through the park. Banff first national park, but also one of the National Park's large concentration of nation's largest and most visited wildlife includes mammals like black national parks. Covering miles of bears, grizzly bears, bison, moose and forests, mountains, rivers, lakes, wolves. The mountains of the Valley glaciers and a few small towns, Banff of the Ten Peaks near the crystal National Park remains more than 93 clear Moraine Lake are known for percent untouched. The park's providing scenic vistas. breathtaking scenery and wildlife

Dubai, UAE Burj Khalifa Photo by: Leandro Ciuffo

Until recently called Burj entrance is located at the lower #78 Dubai, at 2,722 feet (828 ground floor of the Dubai Mall. There meters) and 160 floors the is an outdoor observation deck on the Burj Khalifa is the world's tallest 124th floor. Although the observation structure by a long shot. Already deck is called At the Top, at 1,483 feet dominating the Dubai skyline, the (452 meter) it's just over halfway up newly opened tower houses nine the tower itself. Still it is the third- hotels and a Las Vegas-inspired highest observation deck in the fountain system. The visitors' world.

France Versailles Photo by: Moyan Brenn

As one of the most famous arches. In the Queen’s bedchamber, #77 Chateaus in France, the visitors can view a hidden door Chateau Versailles draws through which Marie Antionette fled more than 3 million visitors annually. during the March on Versailles. With This magnificent palace was first its seven salons and painted ceilings, constructed in 1624 as a hunting the Grand Apartment of King Louis lodge for King Louis XIII and then XVI is a sight to behold. A must-see is later expanded to become the the palace’s 250-acre formal gardens, residence of the French Royal Family. which are designed in a geometrical The palace’s many stunning features pattern of trees, flowers and include the Hall of Mirrors, a corridor pathways. lined with seventeen mirrored

India Varanasi Photo by: Nico Crisafulli

With a history dating back in the world. It is nicknamed the "City #76 to more than 3,000 years, of Temples" because of its thousands Varanasi is one of the of temples. The most famous sites of world's oldest living cities. Located in the city however, are the ghats, the North India on the banks of the River series of embankment steps leading Ganges, Varanasi has been an down to the Ganges River, where important center of learning for ages many people gather to bathe. The as well as a chief pilgrimage oldest and main ghat is the destination for many Hindus. Dashashwamedh Ghat. The Varanasi is regarded as a sacred city Manikarnika Ghat is a burning ghat among Hindus, Jains and Buddhists where Hindu cremations and rituals because it is believed that dying here of death anniversaries are frequently releases a person's soul from the held. Yoga, shaves and massages are cycle of reincarnation, and that some other activities here. The best bathing in the River Ganges cleanses way to see the ghats is by taking a one's sins. morning boat ride at sunrise. Varanasi offers sights and experiences unknown anywhere else

Italy Pompeii Photo by: Carlo Mirante

One of Italy's most visited ancient Roman world. Visitors can #75 tourist destinations, walk along the ancient streets to see Pompeii is a famous the remains of shops, bars, bakeries, Roman city which was buried under brothels, baths and residential homes several feet of volcanic ash for nearly as well as buildings that served as 1,700 years after the cataclysmic commercial and religious centers. eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. Conquered Some of the most significant by the Romans in 80 BC, Pompeii structures include the Amphitheatre, developed into an important passage the Forum, the Temple of Apollo, the for goods that arrived by sea and had Basilica and the Forum Granary to be sent toward Rome. Researchers Market, which contains a large today believe that the ancient city number of artifacts and plaster casts had a population of about 20,000 of of people and dogs that died during which 2,000 died from the the catastrophe. Within the catastrophe. Excavation of Pompeii architecture of Pompeii's ancient began in 1748, and the site is yet to buildings, there is a large number of be totally unearthed. art works and frescoes depicting A tour of Pompeii offers a fascinating erotica, mythological characters and insight into the everyday life of the hunting scenes.

Germany Neuschwanstein Photo by: Rob Faulkner

The most photographed for abiding in daydreams instead of #74 building in Germany, reality. He was completely captivated Neuschwanstein Castle, is by a German legend surrounding the also one of Europe's most popular Swan Knight. After losing complete tourist destinations. Nestled among sovereignty of his kingdom, Ludwig the breathtaking beauty of the became obsessed in a project to build Bavarian Alps near the town of a castle that materialized his Fussen, this fairy-tale castle served as romantic fantasies. However, the the inspiration behind Walt Disney's project drained Ludwig of his Sleeping Beauty Castle. finances. When the banks threatened Constructed in the late 1800s, to seize his property, Ludwig reacted Neuschwanstein Castle was never irrationally, causing the government built for defense purposes as most to declare him mad. Shortly castles. Instead, this castle was thereafter, Ludwig was found created as a fanciful retreat for a man drowned in a lake, without ever dubbed the "fairy-tale king." King seeing the completion of his beloved Ludwig II of Bavaria had a reputation castle.

Canada/USA Niagara Falls Photo by: Montse PB

Niagara Falls is a series of Ontario side of the Falls is called #73 three awe-inspiring Horseshoe Falls and offers the best waterfalls situated on the views and most attractions. border of Canada's Ontario and the There are several ways to experience United States' New York. Although it Niagara Falls. One of the most is often called the "Honeymoon popular is the Maid of the Mist boat Capital of the World," Niagara Falls in tour that brings visitors close enough recent years has also developed as a to feel the spray from the plunging popular destination for family and cascades. Visitors can also walk along adventure vacations. The magnificent a boardwalk beside the rapids or beauty and enormous volume of enjoy a cable car ride overhead. Niagara Falls attracts millions every year from all over the world. The

India Ellora Caves Photo by: Kunal Mukherjee

The Ellora Caves are of large, multi-storey buildings #72 located 19 miles (30 km) carved into the mountain face, from the city of including living quarters, sleeping Aurangabad in India. Ellora quarters, kitchens, and other rooms. represents the epitome of Indian The Kailasa Temple, is the unrivaled rock-cut architecture. The 34 centerpiece of Ellora. This Buddhist, Hindu and Jain rock cut gargantuan structure, designed to temples and monasteries were built recall Mount Kailash, was carved out between the 5th century and 10th of one single rock, and covers an area century. The Buddhist caves were the double the size of the Parthenon in earliest structures and consist mostly Athens.

Auroral Zone Northern Lights Photo by: Dan Nordal

The Northern Lights or a circle around the magnetic North #71 Aurora Borealis is a Pole, where they interact with the natural phenomenon that upper layers of the atmosphere. The can paint the night sky with energy which is then released is the unearthly, surreal color. The aurora northern lights. they illuminate the northern horizon The area with the highest probability as a greenish glow or sometimes a to see the Northern Lights covers faint red, as if the Sun were rising most of Alaska, northern parts of from an unusual direction. The lights Canada, the southern half of often appear as flickering curtains Greenland, Iceland and Northern following the earth's magnetic field Norway and the northernmost areas and can change within seconds or of Sweden and Finland, as well as the glow unchanging for hours, most western half of the Russian north. often in fluorescent green. There is no guarantee to see the The Aurora Borealis is caused by Northern Lights though, even if you charged particles ejected from the are in the best areas. Naturally, the sun during large solar explosions. longer you stay in the north the When the particles meet the Earth's better the odds. Just remember to magnetic shield, they are led towards wrap up warmly.

Greece Meteora Photo by: Takeaway

The Greek word meteora back to the 14th and 16th centuries, #70 means "suspended in the these monasteries were built by air," and this phrase aptly monks who had been living in nearby describes the spectacular cliffs that caves, seeking spiritual isolation and rise more than 1,200 feet (365 freedom from religious persecution. meters) into the air overlooking the Out of faith and sheer determination, villages of Kalambaka and Kastraki in it took years for the monks to the north central mainland of Greece. transport their religious materials up What makes these cliffs even more the cliffs by way of ropes, baskets and inspiring are the historic monasteries ladders. perched along the summits. Dating

Egypt Valley of the Kings Photo by: dalbera

The Valley of the Kings is a tomb of Tutankhamun was spared #69 valley in Egypt where, for from the worst of the tomb a period of nearly 500 depredations. The fabulous riches of years from the 16th to 11th century the tomb are no longer in it, but have BC, tombs were constructed for the been removed to the Egyptian kings and privileged nobles of the Museum in Cairo. New Kingdom. The valley contains 63 Most of the tombs are not open to the tombs and chambers, ranging in size public, and the public ones are closed from a simple pit to a complex tomb periodically for restoration work. with over 120 chambers. The royal Tour guides are no longer allowed to tombs are decorated with scenes lecture inside the tombs and visitors from Egyptian mythology and give are expected to proceed quietly and clues to the beliefs and funerary in single file through the tombs. This rituals of the period. All of the tombs is to minimize time in the tombs and seem to have been opened and prevent the crowds from damaging robbed in antiquity. Only the famous the surfaces of the decoration.

Indian Ocean Seychelles Islands Photo by: Didier Baertschiger

The Republic of Seychelles catering facilities and guesthouses, #68 is a scenic archipelago of most of these are found on the island 115 islands located of La Digue. This island is also home northeast of Madagascar in the to L'Anse Source D'Argent, one of the Indian Ocean. It claims some of the world's most beautiful beaches due most beautiful beaches and scenery to the large pink granite rocks in the world and is associated with studding the coastline, coupled with luxury and elegance. Most resorts can sandy beaches and palms. be found on the main islands of Mahe The Seychelles is also a top spot to and Praslin. A few high end ones, like watch birds and giant tortoises in the North Island, have their own their natural habitat. And a vast living private islands. On top of ultra- world lies just below the turquoise luxurious options, the Seychelles has waters, beckoning divers of all levels. plenty of quaint, affordable self-

The Netherlands Amsterdam Canals Photo by: Lennart Tange

One of Europe's most around the old city, known as the #67 popular tourist grachtengordel. The center is where destinations, Amsterdam most tourists spend their time is widely known for its party enjoying canal cruises, sightseeing, atmosphere, cannabis practice and visiting impressive art museums such the red light district. However, this as the Van Gogh Museum, and capital city of the Netherlands offers attractions like the Anne Frank so much more for all travelers such House, Vondelpark and as its beautiful canal ring. Amsterdam Bloemenmarkt, the floating flower began building its famous canals in market. the 17th century during the Dutch Today there are over 60 miles (100 Golden Age. The three main canals, km) of canals and 1,500 bridges. Herengracht, Prinsengracht, and Alongside the main canals are 1550 Keizersgracht form concentric belts monumental buildings.

Pisa, Italy Leaning Tower Photo by: echiner1

One of Italy's most construction, the tower began to tilt #66 popular and photographed due to an unstable foundation of soft buildings, the Leaning ground and was left alone for almost Tower of Pisa is known worldwide a century. When the construction for its tilting position. Located in the resumed the engineers built higher city of Pisa, the famous landmark is floors with one side taller than the the campanile, or bell tower, of the other to compensate for the tilt and surrounding cathedral and piazza the tower was finally finished in the complex known as Campo dei 2nd half of the 14th century. While Miracoli, or Field of Miracles. the tower now leans at about 4 A fine example of Romanesque degrees, it has been stabilized by architecture, the tower was cement injections in the 1920s. constructed in three stages over a Since 2001, the famous tower is again period of 200 years beginning in open to those wishing to climb it’s 1173. Just two years after the initial 296 steps to the top.

Australia Ayers Rock/Uluru Photo by: rumpleteaser

One of the world's largest Steeped in Aboriginal legends, the #65 monoliths, Ayers Rock is rock formation features caves also one of Australia's containing ancient carvings and iconic landmarks. Located within the paintings. The area around Ayers Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park of the Rock is home to a number of species Northern Territory, this large of wildlife including lizards, emus, sandstone formation stands more bush turkeys, red kangaroo and the than 1,100 feet (340 meters) high Woma python. Although climbing with a circumference of five miles (9 Ayers Rock is permitted and popular km). One of the rock's peculiarities is among many tourists, this activity is that it changes colors dramatically at sometimes forbidden during times of sunset from terra cotta to blue, violet bad weather and when the local and red. The local Aboriginal tribe, indigenous tribe performs traditional known as Anangu, call the rock Uluru ceremonies and rituals. and regard it as a sacred site.

France Lascaux Photo by: Christine McIntosh

Nicknamed “the Great Hall of the Bulls where bulls, #64 prehistoric Sistine horses and deers are depicted. One of Chapel”, the Lascaux Caves the bulls is 17 feet (5.2 meters) long, are a cave complex in southwestern the largest animal discovered so far France decorated with some of the in any cave in Europe. most impressive and famous cave Due to the damage resulting from too paintings in the world. The Lascaux many people visiting the caves, the paintings are estimated to be 17,000 Lascaux paintings have been years old. Most of the cave paintings permanently closed to the public. The are situated quite a distance away French government has built Lascaux from the entrance and must have II near the site where tourists can see been created with the aid of candles. a copy of the original cave. The most famous cave painting is The

Moscow, Russia Kremlin Photo by: Lori Branham

The Moscow Kremlin is tower at the Kremlin with a height of #63 one of Russia’s most 266 feet (81 meters). Joseph Stalin popular tourist removed many of the relics from the attractions. It is conveniently located tsarist regimes. However, the Tsar in downtown Moscow and dominates Bell, the world's largest bell, and the the skyline of Russia’s largest city. Tsar Cannon, the largest bombard by The Kremlin serves as the residence caliber in the world, are among the for the country’s president. It has remaining items from that era. been used as a fort, and this fact is The Kremlin has also served as the made clear by its sheer size. The religious center of the country, and Kremlin's outer walls were built in there is a tremendous number of the late 1400s. preserved churches and cathedrals Under Ivan III, better known as Ivan here. Those who enjoy the the Great, the Kremlin became the performing arts will want to consider center of a unified Russian state, and attending a ballet or concert at the was extensively remodeled. Three of State Kremlin Palace. Completed in the Kremlin’s cathedrals date to his 1961, it is the only modern building reign. The Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Kremlin. was built in 1508. It is the tallest

Indonesia Komodo Island Photo by: Yusmar Yahaya

Komodo Island is part of feet (3 meters) or more in length and #62 the Komodo National Park, weigh over 150lb (70kg). As a result a national park in of their size, these lizards dominate Indonesia located within the Lesser the island ecosystems in which they Sunda Islands. The park also includes live. Komodo dragons eat mostly the islands Padar and Rincah, and 26 carcass of dead animals,but they are smaller ones. The island is formidable predators and will also particularly notable as the natural hunt prey including birds, and habitat of the Komodo dragon and mammals. Although attacks are very consequently named after the island. rare, Komodo dragons have been The Komodo Dragon is the world’s known to attack humans. largest living reptile and can reach 10

Yemen Shibam Photo by: Jialiang Gao

Nicknamed the While Shibam itself dates back to the #61 “Manhatten of the desert”, third century AD, most of the city's Shibam is a town in Yemen houses originate from the 16th featuring unique high rise apartment century. Many, though, have been buildings. The tower houses, some 16 rebuilt numerous times in the last stories tall and up to 100 feet (30 few centuries. After a flooding in meters high) and made out of mud 2008 several buidlings collapsed bricks, were built to protect the because their foundation was citizens from Bedouin raids. The mud compromised by the flood waters, buildings have to be maintained and eventually leading to their collapse. Іt frequently renovated by the wаs аlsо the target оf аn Al Qaeda inhabitants in order to protected attack іn 2009. them from rain and erosion.

Spain Mezquita of Cordoba Photo by: Procsilas Moscas

The Mezquita (Spanish for leave the Moorish architecture in #60 “Mosque”) of Cordoba is a place. fascinating building From the outside, the Mezquita of famous for the forest of pillars and Cordoba looks similar to many other arches inside the main hall. It is buildings of the time. However, the unique in that it has undergone inside of the building is what sets it several religious changes over time. apart from other Mosques in the city. Construction on the mosque began in One of the most unique design 784 AD after the Moors captured elements is the use of red and white Cordoba. It was built on the spot double-tiered arches within the where a 6th-century Visigothic building. Sculptured pillars, recycled church had once stood. In the 13th from the Roman temple that century, the Christians took Cordoba previously stood at the site, support from the Moors. At this time, they these arches. Originally, there were consecrated the building as a 1,293 columns, made from onyx, Christian church. During the 1520s, marble, granite and jasper, but only they actually built a church within 856 remain today. the mosque. However, they agreed to

Cape Town, South Africa Table Mountain Photo by: Jim Sher

Table Mountain is a flat- cableway that takes passengers to the #59 topped mountain top of the mountain with views overlooking the city of overlooking Cape Town, Table Bay Cape Town in South Africa. It’s main and Robben Island to the north, and feature is a level plateau the Atlantic seaboard to the west and approximately 2 miles (3 kilometers) south. António de Saldanha was the from side to side, surrounded by first European to land in Table Bay. steep cliffs. The highest point on He climbed the mighty mountain in Table Mountain is 3,563 feet (1,086 1503 and named it ‘Table Mountain’. meters) above sea level. There is a

England Stonehenge Photo by: Natesh Ramasamy

One of the most famous 2500 BC while the last known #58 sites in the world, construction at Stonehenge was Stonehenge is composed about 1600 BC. The gigantic stones of earthworks surrounding a circular may have come from a quarry, setting of large standing stones in around 25 miles (40 kilometers) south west England. Stonehenge was north of Stonehenge on the produced by a culture that left no Marlborough Downs. It is not known written records so many aspects of for certain what purpose Stonehenge Stonehenge remain subject to debate. served, but many scholars believe the Evidence indicate that the iconic monument was used as a ceremonial stone monument was erected around or religious center.

China Hong Kong Cityscape Photo by: Jim Trodel

Nicknamed the Oriental concentration of skyscrapers and one #57 Pearl, Hong Kong is one of of the highest population densities, Asia's most traveled Hong Kong also offers plenty of green destinations thanks to its spectacular spaces, mountain views and beaches. natural beauty and man-made Some of the must-see attractions marvels. Located off China's include the famous Victoria Harbour, southeastern coast, Hong Kong is a which is a spectacular sight at night glittering, world-class commercial with all the dazzling skyscrapers and center where Chinese culture, British The Peak, Hong Kong's highest peak colonial influences and modern day which offers awe-inspiring views of high-technology blend together. the harbour. While it contains the world's highest

Rwanda/Uganda Mountain Gorillas Photo by: Philip Kromer

The mountain gorilla is the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park #56 world’s most endangered where travelers are able to go gorilla ape found only in small tracking. Bwindi is home to about portions of protected forests in half of all mountain gorillas. The park southwestern Uganda, northwestern covers a mountainous region of Rwanda and eastern Congo. With extremely dense rainforest. Visitors less than 900 mountain gorillas left in can also get to see chimpanzees as the world, seeing them in the wild is well as some spectacular bird life. In something only a few people will ever Rwanda the Mountain Gorillas can be have the chance to experience. There found in Virunga National Park. The are two populations. One is found in park encompasses six volcanoes. an extinct volcanic region called the Tracking gorillas in Virunga is Virunga Range along the borders of slightly less strenuous than at Bwindi Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic since the gorillas move around a little Republic of Congo. The other is found less. The more open terrain also in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable allows more light for better photo National Park. opportunities than in Bwindi. There are two parks in Uganda, the Mgahinga Gorilla National Park and

Egypt Abu Simbel Photo by: Olaf Tausch

Abu Simbel is an travelled down the Nile from out of #55 archaeological site Africa. With the passage of time, the comprising two massive temples fell into disuse and temples in southern Egypt on the eventually became covered by sand western bank of Lake Nasser. The until they were rediscovered in 1813 twin temples were originally carved by Swiss explorer Jean Louis out of the mountainside during the Burkhart. reign of Pharaoh Ramesses The Great The complex was relocated in its in the 13th century BC, as a lasting entirety in the 1960s to avoid their monument to himself and his queen being submerged during the creation Nefertari. Archaeologists have of Lake Nasser, the massive artificial concluded that the immense size of water reservoir formed after the the statues was intended to scare building of the Aswan High Dam on potential enemies approaching the Nile River. Egypt's southern region, as they

San Francisco, USA Golden Gate Bridge Photo by: Bob Dass

The Golden Gate Bridge is suspension bridge span in the world #54 a suspension bridge when it was completed. Since its spanning the Golden Gate, completion, the span length has been the strait between San Francisco and surpassed by eight other bridges but Marin County to the north. The it remains one of the most famous masterwork of architect Joseph B. landmarks in the world. The famed Strauss, whose statue graces the red-orange color of the bridge was southern observation deck, the specifically chosen to make the bridge took seven years to build, and bridge more easily visible through was completed in 1937. The Golden the thick fog that frequently shrouds Gate Bridge was the longest the bridge.

Venezuela Angel Falls Photo by: Erik Kristensen

Angel Falls or Salto Ángel Jimmie Angel who accidentally #53 is the world’s highest discovered the falls in 1933. During a waterfall, dropping a total return trip in 1937, Angel crashed his of 3,208 feet (978 meter) from a cleft small plane on top of Auyantepui. It near the summit of Auyantepui. The took him and his crew 11 days to most visited tepui in Venezuela, descend the mountain. Angel falls are Auyantepui, which means “Devil’s styll located in an isolated jungle Mountain” in the language of the region of Venezuela, in the Canaima native Pemon people. The falls National Park and the only access is themselves were named after pilot by air.

Paris, France Eiffel Tower Photo by: NonOmnisMoriar

The Eiffel Tower is a Building in New York was completed. #52 symbol of Paris and Since it’s construction more than France and one of the 200,000,000 people have visited the most famous landmarks in the world. Eiffel Tower making it the most The tower was built by Gustave Eiffel visited paid monument in the world. as the entrance arch for the Tourists can ride the elevator to see International Exhibition of Paris of incredible views of the city or dine in 1889. With a height of 984 feet (300 one of the two fine restaurants that meters) it was the tallest tower in the are situated within the tower. world until 1930, when the Chrysler

Indian Ocean Maldives Atolls Photo by: Nattu

The tiny country of the life style is everywhere you look. The #51 Maldives in the middle of primary activity on the Maldives is the Indian Ocean is made scuba diving and snorkeling. The up of about 1,200 tiny coral islands atolls are all coral reefs hundreds of grouped into 26 atolls. The word atoll miles away from any major landmass, actually comes from the the Dhivehi meaning that water clarity is (a language spoken on the Maldives) excellent and underwater life is word “atholhu”. With the highest abundant. Manta rays, sharks, even a point above sea level being around 6 few wrecks, you name it, you can find feet (2 meters), the Robinson Crusoe it in the Maldives.

Israel/Palestine Jerusalem Old City Photo by: israeltourism

Regarded as a holy city to remain well preserved, making it one #50 the three major religions of the most beautiful and fascinating of Judaism, Christianity cities of the world. and Islam, Jerusalem is one of the Divided into several districts, world's oldest cities. Located high in Jerusalem is a remarkable blend of the Judean Mountains, Jerusalem was 1st century structures, modern day formerly inhabited by the Jebusite high-rise buildings and medieval tribe until King David of the Israelites neighborhoods. The Old City is the captured it 3,000 years ago and made main attraction with its numerous it his capital city. Over the centuries, historic and religious landmarks. the city has been besieged, attacked Some of the most important sites and captured numerous times by include the Church of the Holy opposing religious and political Sepulcher, the Temple Mount, the powers. In spite of time and warfare, Wailing Wall, the Dome of the Rock Jerusalem's many historic sites and the Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Australia Sydney Opera House Photo by: Pavel

One of Australia's famous Sydney Theatre Company and The #49 landmarks, the Sydney Australian Ballet. Opera House is one of the Regarded as a 20th century world's most prestigious performing architectural masterpiece, the Sydney arts centers, located in Sydney's Opera House was designed and built Central Business District and by architect, Jørn Utzon, to reflect the surrounded by the beautiful scenery image of a huge sailing ship. The of the Sydney Harbour and the Royal structure is 600 feet long and 394 Botanic Gardens. Visited by several feet wide (183 by 120 meters) at its million people annually, this stunning widest point, featuring distinctive structure houses multiple venues roof shells that resemble billowing that together host more than 1,500 sails. Attending a performance is not performances each year. What's required to experience the full more, Sydney Opera House is home splendor of the Sydney Opera House. to four prominent companies Daily tours are available where including the Sydney Symphony visitors can explore the halls, venues, Orchestra, Opera Australia, the backstage, dressing rooms and more.

Bolivia Salar de Uyuni Photo by: Kris Krug

Located in the Andes even more surreal landscape, #48 Mountains of Bolivia, Salar although some tourists insist on de Uyuni is the largest salt seeing the salt. flat in the world. It is covered by a The Salar contains large amounts of few feet of salt crust, which has an sodium, potassium and magnesium. It extraordinary flatness with the also holds about 40% of the world's average altitude variations within 3 lithium reserves which is a vital feet (one meter) over the entire area component of many electric batteries. of the Salar. The expanse of salt The Salar also serves as the major creates an unending white landscape transport route across the Bolivian during the dry season, but the area is Altiplano and is a major breeding most breathtaking in the rainy season ground for several species of pink when it is covered in water. The flamingos during the rainy season. reflection of the blue sky creates an

Guatemala Tikal Photo by: Piers Canadas

Situated in the lowland population between 100,000 and #47 rainforest of northern 200,000 inhabitants. Tikal contains 6 Guatemala, Tikal is very large temple pyramids. The perhaps the most breathtaking of all largest, Temple-pyramid IV, is some the Mayan sites. Restored buildings 230 feet (72 meters) high and was are scattered around the area while finished around 720 AD. Climbing to many more ruined buildings are still the top of one of these ancient Mayan hidden by the jungle. Between ca. 200 temples offers a great experience to 900 AD, Tikal was the largest with beautiful panoramic views from Mayan city with an estimated above the tree tops.

Lebanon Baalbek Photo by: Jan Hilgers

Baalbek is a historical Baalbek is famous for its complex of #46 town in the Beqaa Valley, intricately carved stone temples, located about two hours some of which are the largest ever by bus from Beirut and one hour built by the Romans. The renowned from the Syrian capital of Damascus. Temple of Baal-Jupiter, for example, It is home to the most famous ancient conflates the Canaanite god with the site in Lebanon and arguably the Roman god of the sky and thunder. It most important Roman ruins in the features columns that stand 65 feet Middle East. (20 meters) tall and a terrace created Now home to 72,000 people, most of out of enormous stones. Other whom are Shia Muslims, Baalbek was popular sights include a finely carved known as Heliopolis, the City of the temple in honor of Bacchus, the Sun, during Roman times. It's Roman god of wine, and a round believed to be built on a site held temple dedicated to Venus, the sacred by the Canaanites some 2,000 Roman goddess of love. years before the Romans.

Italy Florence Cityscape Photo by: Benson Kua

The capital of Tuscany, domed Santa Maria del Fiore, and #45 Florence is often internationally esteemed art galleries described as a colossal like the Ufizzi and Pitti Palace. The outdoor museum because of its mass Piazza della Signoria, the main of art and architectural treasures. square, is home to beautiful buildings Internationally observed as the and world famous sculptures like birthplace of Italian Renaissance, Cellini's Perseus with the Head of Florence is also known as the home Medusa, Ammannati's Fountain of of the wealthy and powerful Medici Neptune and Michelangelo's Statue of dynasty that produced several kings David. and popes, impacting the entire Walking is the best way to see the world in a number of ways culturally, major sites in the city center. Some of economically and politically. the best places to walk include the Florence's hoard of art masterpieces Ponte Vecchio, a beautiful bridge are found all over the city, contained spanning the Arno River and within the large numbers of featuring a number of high-end museums, stunning churches, like the jewelry shops.

Ifugao, Philippines Banaue Rice Terraces Photo by: IRRI Images

Situated in the heartlands by an ancient irrigation system from #44 of the Cordilleras the rainforests above the fields. mountains of the These terraces are so numerous, Philippines and rising to an altitude steep, and compact, that if stretched of 5000 feet (1525 meters) are the out end to end, they would wrap Banaue Rice Terraces. The terraced halfway around the globe. Lately, fields were carved out by hand these under-maintained rice terraces without modern tools by the Ifugao have been showing their age, as more tribes and have been producing rice and more Ifugao tribes people are for almost 2,000 years. They are fed emigrating to the cities.

Norway Geirangerfjord Photo by: Suomi Star

During the ice ages, water A visit to Geirangerfjord offers a #43 from melted glaciers filled variety of attractions and adventures. up deep valleys, forming Not to be missed are the impressive the prodigies of nature that are waterfalls that include the Seven known today as fjords. Among the Sisters. Jutting out from the cliff sides most famous and beautiful of these in seven separate cataracts, the Seven fjords is Geirangerfjord, located in Sisters waterfall plunges more than southwestern Norway near the 800 feet (250 meter) into the fjord, coastal town of Ålesund. Stretching creating a refreshing curtain in which for more than nine miles (15 km) people can actually walk behind. On long, Geirangerfjord is a natural each side of the fjord, the lush wonder of deep blue water mountains are dotted with quaint surrounded by majestic cliffs and farms. Not far from the fjord is the lush green mountains towering more town of Geiranger, home to than 3,500 feet (1,000 meters) high. restaurants, lodging and the Adding to the spectacular scenery are Geiranger Fjord Centre, which several stunning waterfalls and lush displays exhibits about the history countryside dotted with picturesque and culture of the area. farms.

Granada, Spain Alhambra Photo by: Frank Kovalchek

The Alhambra in Granada architecture and engineering. Inside #42 is the palace-fortress the castle are exquisitely decorated complex where Spanish rooms and lavish gardens of the royal Moors made their final stand during palace, such as the Hall of the the Reconquista led by the Christian Abencerrajes. The brickwork, vaulted monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella. ceilings, wood inlays, intricate stucco The original fortress was constructed and gold leaf ceilings reflect the in 889, and a royal palace was added grandeur of the period. An exquisite in 1333. The name is derived from example of Alhambra's symbolism is Arabic words meaning the red one, the Court of Lions that features which describes the citadel's brilliant intricate mosaics, colonnaded façade. The well-preserved citadel is galleries and an ornate fountain. one of the finest examples of Moorish

Indonesia Borobudur Photo by: Jean-Marie Hullot

A colossal temple complex volcanic ash and jungle growth until #41 dating back to the 8th its unearthing by the British in the century, the Borobudur is 1800s. one of Indonesia's most popular Modeled like a stepped pyramid, tourist destinations as well as one of Borobudur is constructed of two the world's most important Buddhist million volcanic block stones and temples. Located in the lush Kedu consists of six rectangular terraces Plain with a backdrop of majestic crowned by three circular terraces. volcanoes, Borobudur is an awe- On the top platform, the main dome inspiring site located 25 miles (40 is enclosed by 72 Buddha statues. km) northwest of Yogyakarta in Borobudur is decorated with a total Central Java. Built in the 8th and 9th of 504 Buddha statues and more than centuries over a period of 75 years, 2,600 elaborately carved relief panels the temple complex was mysteriously depicting the teachings of Buddha abandoned in the 14th century and and everyday life in ancient Java. left hidden for centuries under

Croatia Dubrovnik Old City Photo by: Dayou_X

Nicknamed the "Pearl of alluring architecture and art works. #40 the Adriatic," the old city With orange rooftop houses sitting in of Dubrovnik is one of the contrast to the blue sky, Dubrovnik prominent tourist destinations of the presents many sightseeing treasures. Mediterranean. Located at the The historic district, the Old Town, is southern tip of Croatia off the stuffed with many historic features Adriatic Sea, Dubrovnik was such as the old, defensive walls, established in the 7th century on cobblestone streets, magnificent maritime trade. In spite of constant palaces and stunning churches. A territorial threats from Venice and must-see is the 15th century the Ottoman Empire, Dubrovnik engineering marvel, Onofrio's flourished in the Middle Ages as a Fountain. At night, the Old Town is center of literature, art, science and illuminated, giving it a romantic education. ambiance. Today, Dubrovnik is one of the most beautiful cities of Europe, offering

Moscow, Russia St. Basil’s Cathedral Photo by: Jack Versloot

With its multicolored St. Basil's. Designed to resemble the #39 spires and domes of shape of a bonfire in full flame, the assorted shapes and sizes, architecture is not only unique to the St. Basil's Cathedral is easily one of period in which it was built but to Moscow's most recognizable icons as any subsequent period. For various well as one of the world's most reasons, both Napoleon and Stalin photographed landmarks. Located at wanted to destroy the cathedral but one end of the Red Square next to the fortunately did not succeed. Kremlin, the cathedral was built to Known for its various colors, shapes commemorate the capture of the and geometric patterns, St. Basil's Tatar strongholds of Kazan and Cathedral houses nine different Astrakhan. Ivan the Terrible ordered chapels that are all connected by a the cathedral's construction in the winding labyrinth of corridors and mid-16th century, and legend holds stairways. On the lower floor, St. that Ivan put out the architect's eyes Basil's Chapel contains a silver casket so that he would be unable to build bearing the body of St. Basil the another cathedral more glorious than Blessed.

Wyoming, USA Yellowstone Photo by: Jim Trodel

Yellowstone National Park earth erupting almost every 91 #38 was the world’s first minutes. The largest hot spring in national park, set aside in Yellowstone and the third largest in 1872 to preserve the vast number of the world is the Grand Prismatic geysers, hot springs, and other Spring. The vivid colors in the spring thermal areas, as well as to protect are the result of pigmented bacteria the incredible wildlife and rugged that grow around the edges of the beauty of the area. Yellowstone lies mineral-rich water. The bacteria on top of a gigantic hotspot where produce colors ranging from green to light, hot, molten mantle rock rises red. The center of the pool is sterile towards the surface. Subsequently, due to extreme heat. the park contains half of all the In addition to all the geothermal world’s known geothermal features, features Yellowstone is also home to with more than 10,000 examples of one of the finest megafauna wildlife geysers and hot springs. The most habitats in North America. Black famous geyser in the park is Old bears, grizzly bears, deer, elk, bison Faithful Geyser. It is one of the most and wolves can all be found within predictable geographical features on the park borders.

Italy Canals of Venice Photo by: Tambako The Jaguar

Located in northeastern Doge's Palace and Rialto Bridge. One #37 Italy, Venice is an of the most popular things to do is to archipelago of 118 islands take a gondola ride along the Grand all connected by hundreds of Canal. beautiful bridges and scenic canals. Every year, Venice hosts one of Italy's Of the canals, the Grand Canal is most liveliest Carnival festivals where the famous and divides the city into two streets are filled with people dressed sections. Picturesque waterways and in colorful costumes and masks, and historic architecture make Venice the Grand Canal is packed with fleets one of the most romantic cities in the of decorated boats and gondolas. A world. Venice is often crowded and popular souvenir to purchase in expensive but well worth visiting to Venice is one of the beautifully see its magnificent landmarks like crafted carnival masks. Saint Mark's Square and Basilica,

Turkey Cappadocia Photo by: blieusong

Covering a large region in seeking safety from invading #36 Central Anatolia of Turkey, Persians and Greeks. Much later in Cappadocia is best known the 4th century AD, Christians, fleeing for its fairytale landscape of unusual out of religious persecution from formations resembling chimneys, Rome, sought refuge in Cappadocia's cones, mushrooms and pinnacles. tunnels and caves. Natural processes such as ancient While much of Cappadocia is located volcanic eruptions and erosion have in the province of Nevsehir, some of all sculpted these odd formations the main towns in the region are over the ages, with some of them Ürgüp, Göreme, Avanos, Ortahisar rising as much as 130 feet (40 and Mustafapasa. Many of these meters) high. However, thousands of towns offer hotels, restaurants, years ago, mankind added nightlife options and attractions such remarkable touches to the landscape as museums, rock castles, fairy by carving out houses, churches and chimneys, underground tunnels, old underground cities from the soft Greek villages, monasteries and rock. Inhabited as early as 1800 BC, handicraft markets. Some of the Hittites and other residents chiseled caves in the region are actually hotels out underground tunnel complexes, and cater to tourists.

Vatican City St Peter's Basilica Photo by: Doc Searls

It may be the center of the upon the tomb site where Peter, an #35 Catholic world, but apostle of Jesus Christ, was buried in visitors do not have to be 64 AD. The church building itself is religious to appreciate the impressive, sporting the world's magnificent architecture and art tallest dome, which dominates works contained within St. Peter's Rome's skyline. Able to hold 60,000 Basilica. Located on Vatican Hill in people, St. Peter's Basilica contains Rome, St. Peter's Basilica was built several niches and chapels. One of the over a period of more than a hundred biggest draws of the church is its years by some of Italy's greatest lavish interior of marble features, artists including Michelangelo and gilding and outstanding art works Bernini. Although the original church that consist of paintings, sculptures, was built in 349 AD, the current mosaics and reliefs. basilica was constructed in the 16th The basilica is fronted by St. Peter's century to replace the former due to Square, a vast plaza designed by Gian deterioration. Lorenzo Bernini, featuring decorative Catholic tradition says that the fountains, massive colonnades and a present day St. Peter's Basilica is built 4,000-year old Egyptian obelisk.

Xi’an, China Terracotta Army Photo by: Pedro Szekely

The Mausoleum of the horses and 150 cavalry horses, the #34 First Emperor of the Qin majority of which are still buried. The Dynasty (221 BC-206 BC), figures are life-like and life-sized. The who successfully defeated all rival colored lacquer finish, individual states and unified China, is located facial features, and actual weapons near the city of Xi’an. The tomb of the that were used in manufacturing emperor has not been excavated yet these figures created a realistic but his buried terracotta army appearance. Although the weapons unearthed nearby has already were stolen and the coloring has become one of the most popular faded greatly, their existence serves attractions in China. It is estimated as a testament to the amount of labor that in the three pits containing the and skill involved in their Terracotta Army there were over construction. 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520

Tanzania Ngorongoro Crater Photo by: Stig Nygaard

Ngorongoro Crater is the of wild animals. The crater is home to #33 world's largest unbroken over 30,000 animals including caldera. It is formed from elephants, lions, cheetahs, a volcano erupting two to three wildebeests and buffaloes. It is also million years ago which has collapsed presently one of the most likely areas and formed a crater. The crater is in Africa to see the endangered Black about 2,000 feet (600 meters) deep Rhino. Local Maasai people are and its floor covers 100 square miles permitted to bring cattle to graze in (260 square kilometers). The steep the crater but are required to leave at sides of the crater have become a the end of each day. natural enclosure for a wide variety

Beijing, China Forbidden City Photo by: Bridget Coila

Attracting 8 million Emperor of China. Known today as #32 visitors annually, the the Palace Museum, the palace was Forbidden City is the formerly named the Forbidden City world's largest palace complex. because entrance to it was strictly Situated in the heart of Beijing near prohibited unless approved by the the Tiananmen Square, this emperor due to its religious enormous palace was constructed in significance as the Heavenly the 15th century during the Ming Emperor's earthly residence. Dynasty and served until 1911 as the Surrounded by a 26-foot (8 meter) imperial residence of emperors and high wall with several gates, a wide their families as well as the center of moat and royal gardens, the complex Chinese political and ceremonial covers a huge rectangle and consists functions. In total, 24 emperors of 90 palaces and halls with reigned over the country for almost 5 courtyards, nearly 1,000 other centuries from the Forbidden City buildings and 8,700 rooms. until the abdication of Puyi, the last

French Polynesia Bora Bora Photo by: Didierlefort

One of the most beautiful First occupied by Polynesians in the #31 and photographed islands 4th century and visited by explorers in the South Pacific Ocean, like James Cook in 1770, Bora Bora Bora Bora is part of the archipelago later became a French colony in of the Society Islands belonging to 1842. During World War II, the island French Polynesia. About 20 miles (32 served as a military base for the km) wide, the island consists of a United States. Today, Bora Bora is a mainland that is surrounded by popular tourist destination for many, several small islets famously known including honeymooners and today for their tourists resorts of adventurers. With its beautiful thatched-roof bungalows and long beaches like Matira Beach, barrier wooden boardwalks stretching out reefs and hundreds of multicolored over a clear blue lagoon. Dominating marine species, Bora Bora is an the center of the island are the excellent place to enjoy swimming, emerald green peaks of Mt. Otemanu snorkeling, diving, deep sea fishing, and Mt. Pahia. boating and other water activities.

Lhasa, Tibet/China Potala Palace Photo by: reurinkjan

Situated on Marpo Ri hill, Palace remained the residence of the #30 430 feet (130 meters) Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama above the Lhasa valley, the fled to India, after the Chinese Potala Palace rises a further 560 feet invasion in 1959. T oday, the Potala (170 meters) and is the greatest Palace is a museum. monumental structure in all of Tibet. The White Palace contains the main As the winter palace of the Dalai ceremonial hall with the throne of the Lama from the 7th century the Dalai Lama, and his private rooms complex symbolizes Tibetan and audience hall are on the Buddhism and its central role in the uppermost level. The palace contains traditional administration of Tibet. 698 murals, almost 10,000 painted The construction of the present scrolls, numerous sculptures as well palace began in 1645 during the as a large collection of important reign of the fifth Dalai Lama and by historical documents. To the west 1648 the Potrang Karpo, or White and higher up the mountain the Red Palace, was completed. The Potrang Palace contains the golden burial Marpo, or Red Palace, was added stupas of past Dalai Lamas. between 1690 and 1694. The Potala

New York City, USA Manhattan Photo by: nosha

One of the most densely entertainment venues. Some of #29 populated communities in Manhattan's most famous attractions the world, Manhattan also include the Empire State Building, the contains one of the world's greatest Statue of Liberty, Times Square, concentrations of famous attractions. Central Park, the Rockefeller Center It may be the smallest of New York and the site of the World Trade City's five boroughs, but it’s what Center. Manhattan is also home to people most often think of when they some of the most distinguished picture New York. museums and art galleries in the A small island, Manhattan is probably world such as the Metropolitan best known for its dazzling skyline Museum of Art, the Guggenheim and cityscape consisting of numerous Museum and the American Museum skyscrapers. The borough is made up of Natural History. Additionally, of several neighborhoods and Manhattan's Theater District is world districts that are all filled with known with its collection of fabulous landmarks, shopping Broadway theaters and other venues, restaurants and entertainment venues.

Burma Bagan Photo by: Marc Veraart

The city of Bagan lies on refusing to pay tribute to Kublai #28 the shore of the Khan. Bagan quickly declined aand Ayeyarwady River in only a small group of people, living central Myanmar, formerly known as among the temples, remained. The Burma. Approximately 13,000 city became a pilgrimage site, but temples, pagodas, stupas and other only focused on the largest temples. ruins once stood here, and nearly The others were left in disrepair and 2,200 remain today. Some are well eventually succumbed to time and maintained while others are the elements. overgrown with grass and weeds. Bagan’s holiest temple, the Ananda Bagan was the capital of the Kingdom Temple, was built in 1091. Four of Pagan from the 9th to the 13th Buddhas are housed here and they century. During the 11th to the 13th represent the four Buddhas that have centuries, wealthy rulers achieved Nirvana. Other notable commissioned the building of temples include the Shwesandaw thousands of temples. This golden Temple, also known as the Sunset age came to an end in 1287 when the Temple, where visitors gather to Mongols invaded the Kingdom after watch the Bagan sunset.

Istanbul, Turkey Hagia Sophia Photo by: Arild Vågen

A journey to Istanbul, Turks captured Constantinople and #27 would not be complete converted the edifice into a mosque, without a visit to the Hagia removing or plastering over many Sophia to see the remarkable Christian relics and replacing them Byzantine architecture along with the with Islamic features. The building mosaics, icons and other religious closed in 1931, and the Republic of relics. Hagia Sophia is the Greek term Turkey re-opened it as a museum in for Holy Wisdom and refers to Jesus 1935. Through the years, the church Christ. Constructed between 532 and suffered damage from earthquakes, 537, on the orders of the Byzantine fires and riots, making many repairs Emperor Justinian, the structure was and restorations necessary, but it an Eastern Orthodox cathedral until remains a beautiful building that 1453, except for about 60 years in the some people call the world's eighth 1200s when it served as a Roman wonder. Catholic cathedral. In 1453, Ottoman

Luxor, Egypt Karnak Photo by: Son of Groucho

Although badly ruined, kilometers) north of Luxor. It took #26 few attractions in Egypt millennia to build and enhance the tour are more impressive massive Karnak Temple. However, than Karnak. It is the largest ancient most of the work on Karnak was religious site in the world, and done by the pharaohs of the New represents the combined Kingdom (1570-1100 BC). One of achievement of many generations of most famous structures of Karnak is Egyptian builders. The Temple of the Hypostyle Hall, a hall area of Karnak actually consists of three 50,000 sq ft (5,000 m2) with 134 main Egyptian temples, smaller massive columns arranged in 16 enclosed temples, and several outer rows. temples located about 1.5 miles (2.5

North Africa Sahara Desert Photo by: bachmont

Covering most of Northern Africa, the and not rain again for years. Not Sahara is the third largest desert surprisingly the Sahara is not lush in after Antarctica and the Arctica, vegetation, except in the Nile Valley almost equal in size to the United and at a few oases. Stated. It has one of the harshest Most of the people living in the climates in the world. Daytime Sahara do not live in cities. Instead temperatures are high, averaging they are nomads that move from 86°F (30°C) and often over 100°F region to region throughout the (37.5°C) while the prevailing north- desert. Because of this, there are easterly wind often causes sand many different nationalities and storms and dust devils. Heat loss is languages in the region but Arabic is rapid after dark and from December most widely spoken. to February freezing temperatures Contrary to popular belief, large sand are not uncommon during the night. dunes (called ergs) form only a minor Most of the Sahara receives less than part of the Sahara. Most of the desert 5 inch (12.7 cm) of rain per year on consists of largely barren, hard, rocky average. Even in the Sahara’s wettest plateaus, with very little sand. areas, it may rain only twice a week

Zambia/Zimbabwe Victoria Falls Photo by: Philipp Schäufele

The Victoria Falls The falls are formed as the full width #24 (indigenous name: Mosi- of the Zambezi river plummets in a oa-Tunya meaning “The single vertical drop into a gorge. Smoke That Thunders”) are located Victoria Falls is often called the on the border between Zimbabwe largest waterfall in the world, and Zambia. David Livingstone, the although it is neither the highest nor Scottish explorer was the first the widest. It has a width of 1 mile ( European to view Victoria Falls in 1.7 kilometers) and a height of 360 1855. He named his discovery in feet (108 meters), roughly twice the honour of Queen Victoria but the height of North America’s Niagara indigenous name, Mosi-oa-Tunya Falls. In combined height and width continues in common usage as well. Victoria Falls is rivaled only by South America’s Iguazu Falls.

Vietnam Ha Long Bay Photo by: Jean-Marc Astesana

With its aqua-green water (elephant), Mai Nha Islet (roof) and #23 and cluster of limestone Ga Choi Islet (fighting cock). rocky outcrops rising from Although most of the islands are the water like sea dragons, Ha Long uninhabited, some of the larger Bay resembles a scene from a fantasy islands such as Cat Ba offer story. Located about 80 miles (130 restaurants, hotels and attractions km) east of Hanoi in northern like beaches and historic sites. Other Vietnam, this otherworldly bay islands feature lakes, coral and features more than 2,000 jungle- grottoes that are ideal for swimming, covered islands pitted with intriguing kayaking and cave-exploring. Boat caves, grottoes, sinkholes and lakes. cruises are the best way to Ranging between 160 and 300 feet experience the natural wonder of Ha (50 and 90 meters) high, many of the Long Bay. With hundreds of boats islands and outcrops have been ranging from traditional Chinese sculpted over the centuries by junks to luxury cruisers, boat tours natural processes into fantastic can vary from day trips to multiple- formations. The names of these night journeys. islands reflect the unusual shapes they resemble such as Voi Islet

Mexico Chichen Itza Photo by: Brian Snelson

Chichen Itza is the most added together and including the #22 famous of all the great temple platform , equals the 365 days Mayan cities. This is of the solar year. Each of the nine somewhat ironic because its most terraces are divided in two, which famous structures do not have a makes 18, symbolizing the number of typical Classic Mayan architecture months in the Maya calendar. The but show strong influences from terraces contain a total of 52 panels, other civilizations from Central referring to the 52-year cycle when Mexico. both the solar and religious calendars The most famous landmark of converge. Chichen Itza is the 99 feet (30 m) Chichen Itza is the most developed of high Temple of Kukulkan, also the many Mayan ruins and can get referred to as El Castillo (the castle in crowded. But the combination of Spanish). The temple contains many grant scale monuments and the references to the important Mayan mysterious precise astronomical calendar. Each of El Castillo’s four calculation in the buildings make sides has 91 steps which, when Chichen Itza truly amazing.

Indonesia Bali Photo by: Riza Nugraha

Often described as a present excellent diving and #21 paradise for its volcanic snorkeling adventures. mountains, green rice Some of the main tourist destinations terraces and sandy white beaches, in Bali include Kuta, known for its Bali is one of the 17,000 islands that beautiful beaches and vibrant comprise the archipelago of shopping and nightlife. Ubud is the Indonesia in Southeast Asia. In island's art and cultural center while addition to remarkable culture and the towns of Sanur and Seminyak world-class diving and surfing, Bali is offer many fabulous beachside where many people come for resorts. Bali's Hindu culture is among weddings, honeymoons and for total its greatest attractions. The island is relaxation of mind, body and spirit. dotted with thousands of Hindu Bali first became popular in the temples varying in size, shape and 1970s as a top surfing and diving architectural design. With each of destination. Dive shops are located all these temples hosting festivals at over the island, and the crystal clear various times of the years, the island water, coral reefs, colorful marine is always buzzing with performances creatures and sunken ships all of traditional Balinese music, dances, costumes and rituals.

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Christ the Redeemer Photo by: Artyominc

Completed in 1931 after Christ the Redeemer was designed by #20 nine years of construction, Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva in the statue of Christ the the Art Deco style, a genre that Redeemer stands atop Corcovado gained popularity during the period Peak, a 2,330 foot (710 meter) between two world wars when granite mountain in Rio de Janeiro. artists were inspired by a sense of With arms outstretched and bearing optimism and hope for the future. an expression of divine serenity, the Built with a concrete core covered in statue of Jesus rises 125 feet (38 soapstone, the statue was carved by meters) from the base of its pedestal, the French sculptor, Paul Landowski. a larger-than-life representation of Most of the funding for the Christ bringing peace to the world. monument’s construction came from Visitors from all over the world flock small donations made by Brazilian to view Rio’s most famous icon and to Catholics. enjoy panoramic views of the city and harbor below.

Athens, Greece Acropolis Photo by: Adam L. Clevenger

Consisting of several ended in approximately 438 BC #19 ancient buildings, the under the guidance of Pericles. Its Acropolis is located on a main function was to protect and rocky outcrop above the city of shelter the statue of Athena, nearly Athens in Greece. In the fifth century 40 feet (12 meters) tall, created from BC, the Greek statesman Pericles gold and ivory by the sculptor coordinated the construction of this Pheidias. Although it’s most site’s many historic buildings. The important function was as a temple, most famous of these is the the Parthenon also served as a Parthenon, which has existed at the treasury, a church, a mosque and a top of the Acropolis for almost 2,500 fortress during its long history. years. Today, the Parthenon is one of the The Parthenon was built to honor the world’s most popular visitor sites goddess Athena Parthenos, the and it attracts millions of tourists patron of Athens, to thank her for each year. It is a lasting symbol of protecting the city during the Persian ancient Greece and many consider it Wars. The construction of this the most important surviving monument began in 447 BC and building from that time.

Polynesia/Chile Easter Island Photo by: Arian Zwegers

Easter Island is one of the almost 33 feet (10 meters) high and #18 most isolated places in the weighed 75 tons. world. Its closest The name "Easter Island" was given inhabited neighbor is Pitcairn Island, by the island's first European visitor, 1,289 miles (2,075 km) to the west the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, while the nearest continental point who encountered it on Easter Sunday lies more than 2,000 miles (3,500km) 1722. By that time the civilization of to the east in central Chile. Easter Island was already in a drastic The island is famous for its decline, as a result of overpopulation, monolithic stone statues, called moai. deforestation and exploitation of an The statues were carved by the extremely isolated island with limited Polynesian colonizers of the island, natural resources. The statues were mostly between circa 1250 AD and still standing when Roggeveen visited 1500 AD. In addition to representing the island but by James Cook's visit in deceased ancestors, the moai were 1774 many were reported toppled. also regarded as the embodiment of Most would be cast down during later powerful living or former chiefs. The conflicts between clans. Today about tallest moai erected, called Paro, was 50 moai have been re-erected

Nepal/China Mount Everest Photo by: Joe Hastings

At 29,029 feet (8,848 find corpses near the standard #17 meters), Mount Everest is climbing routes. the highest mountain on Mt. Everest has two main climbing Earth. It is located on the border routes, the southeast ridge from between Nepal and Tibet. In 1953, Sir Nepal and the north ridge from Tibet, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Southeast is the most frequently- were the first to succesful ascent Mt. used route because it is generally Everest. Today, the highest mountain considered safer and has easier in the world attracts climbers of all access. The ascent via the southeast levels. Although other eight- ridge begins with a trek to Base Camp thousanders such as K2 are much at 17,600 feet (5,380 m) on the south more difficult to climb, Mount side of Everest in Nepal. At Everest Everest still has many inherent Base Camp, climbers will often spend dangers such as altitude sickness, 4 to 8 weeks, acclimatizing to the weather and wind. People who die altitude before they begin their during the climb are typically left ascent to the summit. behind and it is not uncommon to

Agra, India Taj Mahal Photo by: Dennis Jarvis

The Taj Mahal is an an integrated complex of structures. #16 immense mausoleum of Besides the white domed marble white marble, built mausoleum it includes several other between 1632 and 1653 by order of beautiful buildings, reflecting pools, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in and extensive ornamental gardens memory of his favorite wife. The Taj with flowering trees and bushes. is one of the most well preserved and Soon after the Taj Mahal's architecturally beautiful tombs in the completion, Shah Jahan was deposed world, one of the masterpieces of by his son Aurangzeb and put under Mughal architecture, and one of the house arrest at nearby Agra Fort. great sites of the world’s heritage. Upon Shah Jahan's death in 1666, Called “a teardrop on the cheek of Aurangzeb buried him in the eternity”, the monument is actually mausoleum next to his wife.

Rome, Italy Colosseum Photo by: Paul McCoubrie

The Colosseum in Rome is less than 80 entrances. Spectators #15 the largest and most were protected from the rain and famous amphitheater ever heat of the sun by sail,s called the built in the Roman Empire. Its “velarium”, around the top of the construction was started by emperor attic. The arena was comprised of a Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty in wooden floor covered by sand (the 72 AD and was finished by his son Latin word for sand is harena) Titus in 80 AD. During the covering an elaborate underground Colosseum’s opening ceremonies, structure called the hypogeum. Today spectacles were held for 100 days in little remains of the original arena which 5,000 of animals and 2,000 floor, but the hypogeum is still clearly gladiators were killed. visible. It consists of a series of The Colosseum was capable of underground tunnels used to house holding some 50,000 spectators who animals and slaves. could enter the building through no

Antarctic Circle Antarctica Photo by: Antarctica Bound

Antarctica, on average, is penguins, blue whales, orcas, and #14 the coldest, driest, and seals. windiest continent on the Scarcely touched by humans, the planet, and has the highest average frozen land boasts breathtaking elevation of all the continents. scenery, broken by only a handful of Although about 98% of Antarctica is scientific bases and a population of covered by ice, it is technically a scientists numbering only a few desert (the largest on earth) with thousand. For tourists, Antarctica is very little precipitation. Antarctica is accessible only during the austral colder than the Arctic because much summer season from November to of the continent is more than 2 miles March, during which sea ice melts (3 kilometers) above sea level, and enough to allow access. Generally because the Arctic Ocean covers the they must brave rough sea crossings north polar zone transferring the aboard ice-strengthened vessels, but ocean’s relative warmth through the those who do are rewarded with icepack. Sea life of Antarctica include beautiful scenery and unique wildlife.

Greece Santorini Photo by: Pedro Szekely

One of the most popular houses with blue-domed roofs. The #13 destinations in Greece, sunset views from Oia are regarded Santorini may be one of among the most stunning in the the more expensive islands but world. From the seaport, tourists can definitely one of the most reach these villages by way of a cable picturesque. Part of the Cyclades car or opt for a mule ride. group, Santorini is well-loved for its Additionally, the island is home to cliff-hanging villages, Venetian two of the youngest volcanic islands castles, scenic wine country and in the Eastern Mediterranean, Nea legendary sunsets. and Palia. A tour to these smoking While Santorini consists of numerous islands offers views of steaming lava villages, the most famous are Fira and flows. Additionally, the island is Oia, which cling to cliff sides home to two of the youngest volcanic overlooking the turquoise sea. islands in the Eastern Mediterranean, Hundreds of zigzagging steps ascend Nea and Palia. A tour to these and wind through these villages of smoking islands offers views of cobblestone lanes and whitewashed steaming lava flows.

Cambodia Angkor Poto by: kianjin

Angkor is a vast temple massive stone faces looking in all #12 complex featuring the direction. Each face has an enigmatic magnificent remains of smile, an instantly recognizable several capitals of the Khmer Empire, image of Angkor, as familiar as from the 9th to the 15th century AD. Angkor Wat itself. In fact, many These include the famous Angkor people assume that the faces are an Wat temple and the Bayon temple at integral part of Angkor Wat but it Angkor Thom. The Angkor Wat stands in fact at the center of Angkor temple is the most magnificent and Thom, the last great capital of the largest of all the monuments at Khmer empire. Angkor. It name means “City Temple” During it’s long history Angkor went and it is considered to be the largest through many changes in religion religious structure in the world. From converting between Hinduism to the base to the tip of the highest Buddhism several times. It has tower it’s 669 feet (213 meters) of become a symbol of Cambodia, breathtaking stone reliefs in the appearing on its national flag, and it elaborate Khmer style. The Bayon is one of the prime tourist attractions temple features a sea of over 200 in Southeast Asia.

Mexico Teotihuacan Photo by: ZeroOne

Teotihuacan is an ancient provides an excellent view. The #11 city in central Mexico that larger Pyramid of the Sun is near the had up to 150,000 city's center. It was constructed on residents at one time. Although it top of a cave and positioned so that experienced a period of economic the sun would rise over its peak. The prosperity, the city went into decline pyramid was constructed in two after 650 A.D. and was abandoned phases. The first construction stage, within 50 years. Seven centuries after around 100 AD brought the pyramid the demise of the Teotihuacán empire to nearly the size it is today. The the pyramids were honored and second round of construction utilized by the Aztecs and became a resulted in its completed size of 225 place of pilgrimage. Today, tourists meters (733 feet) across and 75 from around the world visit this part meters (246 feet) high. of Mexico to see what remains of Teotihuacan. The city's most famous attractions are its pyramids. The Pyramid of the Moon is located in the northern outskirts of Teotihuacan. It measures over 110 feet (34 meters) tall and

Australia Great Barrier Reef Photo by: Sarah Ackerman

One of the globe's top Aboriginal Australian peoples, the #10 destinations for Reef today is protected by the Great underwater explorers and Barrier Reef Marine Park. It is home scuba divers is the world's largest to a remarkable array of marine life barrier reef system, famously known including 1500 fish species, 360 as the Great Barrier Reef. Located in corals and thousands of mollusks in the Coral Sea off the coast of addition to various species of whales, Australia's state of Queensland, the dolphins, marine turtles, sea snakes Great Barrier Reef encompasses a and birds, which breed among the huge area of more than 2,900 coral small islands. reefs and hundreds of islands and The best way to explore the Reef is by cays. Formed by millions of living one of the numerous boat cruises that organisms over a period of millions of run along the northern coast of years, the Reef is now one of the Queensland. The town of Cairns is world's most diverse and complex regarded as the main gateway to the ecosystems. While always known and Reef, but other towns also offer used by the Torres Strait Islander and cruise operations.

Arizona, USA Grand Canyon Photo by: photophilde

Attracting millions of national park as well as within the #9 visitors every year, the Hualapai and Havasupai Indian Grand Canyon is one of the Reservations. Awe-inspiring great tourist attractions in the United landscapes, wildlife viewing, historic States. Located in northern Arizona, sites and adventurous activities are this massive natural wonder was just a few of the reasons that make carved by the Colorado River over a the Grand Canyon one of the world's period of several million years and most famous natural wonders. now measures 277 miles (446 km) The Canyon is divided by two main long, over a mile (1.6 km) deep and sections, the popular South Rim and up to 18 miles (29 km) wide. It is not the remote North Rim. As the most the deepest or the longest canyon in accessible part for tourists, the South the world but the overwhelming size Rim features many historic sites such and colorful landscape offers visitor as the El Tovar Hotel, Grand Canyon vistas that are hard to match. Railway Depot and the Desert View Managed and protected by the Grand Watchtower. Also in the South Rim is Canyon National Park, the Grand the Grand Canyon Village where Canyon is contained within the many tourists can find ample lodging.

Jordan Petra Photo by: Pir6mon

Petra, the fabled “rose red Over two hundred years later in 363 #8 city, half as old as time” is AD, the water management system one of the world most was nearly destroyed after a fascinating archaeological sites catastrophic earthquake. Petra later comprising what remains of an was abandoned and remained ancient capital city once ruled by the forgotten until a Swiss explorer Nabataean kingdom from the 6th encountered it in 1812. century BC. Located in the desert in A tour of Petra today involves southern Jordan, this ancient site is walking through the entrance known famous for its marvelous architecture as the Siq, which is a long, carved from sandstone cliff faces. meandering canyon. After the Siq is Because of its location on a major the magnificent Treasury, which was trade route, Petra was a center of actually not a treasury but probably commerce where spices, incense and a temple or a royal tomb. Other Chinese silks were once traded. Even significant ruins include the today, the enormity and grandeur of Monastery and the Street of Facades, the city's ruins bespeaks its wealth a huge canyon bordered with the and importance. In 106 AD, the facades of assorted tombs. Roman Empire took control of Petra.

Brazil/Argentina Iguazu Falls Photo by: Rodrigo Soldon

One of the world's most islands. While some of the cascades #7 stunning natural wonders, rush over ledges, creating dazzling Iguazu Falls is a series of sprays of mist and rainbows, others magnificent waterfalls located on the plummet straight down into a long, Iguazu River, straddling the border narrow gorge called the Devil's between Brazil and Argentina. This Throat. The falls in and of themselves chain of voluminous cataracts varies are a breathtaking spectacle, but between 200 to 269 feet in height their beauty is all the more enhanced and extends for more than a mile by the surrounding lush forest along a crescent-shaped cliff before teeming in exotic wildlife like parrots, plunging over a plateau with toucans, macaws, spotted jaguars, thunderous roars. Estimated in monkeys, butterflies and vivid number between 275 and 300, the blooms of begonias and wild orchids. waterfalls are divided by numerous

South America Amazon Rainforest Photo by: CIAT

Home to 40% of the planets about 2,5 million species of insects, #6 remaining rainforest, the 4,000 species of plants, Amazon is the largest and approximately 2,000 species of most species-rich tropical rainforest fishes, about 1,200 species of birds in the world. The Amazon is mostly and some 400 species of mammals. contained within Brazil, and Among the most dangerous animals stretches into Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, are the black caiman, jaguar and and smaller parts in some other anaconda. In the river, electric eels South American countries.As the can produce an electric shock that largest tropical rainforest it has has can stun or kill a human, while an unparalleled biodiversity. One in piranha are known for their ten known species in the world live in voracious appetite for meat. the Amazon Rainforest. This includes

Pacific Ocean/Ecuador Galapagos Islands Photo by: blinking idiot

The inspiration behind Galapagos Islands served as a penal #5 Charles Darwin's Theory of colony in the early 20th century until Natural Selection, the being declared a national park in Galapagos Islands are a remote but 1959. Today, the Galapagos Islands beautiful archipelago of 19 islands are a popular tourist destination. lying on the equator some 600 miles Some of the most visited include (1,000 km) west of the South Santa Cruz, which is home to giant American country, Ecuador. Isolated tortoises, lava tubes and the Charles from the continental mainland, these Darwin Research Center. Fernandina islands are home to unique wildlife has a large variety of wildlife from not found anywhere else in the flightless cormorants to marine world. Some of these unusual species iguanas, sea lions, dolphins and include marine iguanas, giant whales. Isabela is the largest of the tortoises, red-footed and blue-footed islands with many volcano trails boobies, fur seals, lava lizards, while Plaza Sur has a large colony of frigatebirds, colorful Christmas sea lions. Wolf and Darwin Islands iguanas and the Galapagos Penguin. are considered two of the world's Claimed by Ecuador and visited by best diving destinations. Darwin in the early 1800s, the

Peru Machu Picchu Photo by: Pedro Szekely

One of the most beautiful purposes and amazing feat of #4 and impressive ancient sites construction, visitors can explore the in the world, Machu Picchu area and see for themselves the well- was rediscovered in 1911 after it lay preserved buildings that include hidden for centuries above the houses, temples, fountains and baths Urubamba Valley. The “Lost City of in addition to agricultural terraces the Incas” is invisible from below and and evidence of an irrigation system. completely self-contained, Machu Picchu can only be accessed surrounded by agricultural terraces by hiking along the Inca Trail or by and watered by natural springs. train from the town of Poroy. There Although locals have always been are many tour companies that take aware of the site, the world didn't groups by hiking and by train. Many know about it until the American of these companies operate from explorer, Hiram Bingham, officially Cusco. The journey to Machu Picchu discovered it in 1911. While many offers spectacular scenery. theories abound concerning the site's

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China Great Wall of China Photo by: Severin Stalder

The Great Wall of China more elaborate due to the use of #3 built, rebuilt, and maintained bricks and stone instead of rammed between the 5th century BC earth. About 25,000 watchtowers and the 16th century to protect the were to constructed on the wall. As northern borders of the Chinese Mongol raids continued periodically Empire from the attacks of various over the years, the Ming devoted tribes. Several walls have been built considerable resources to repair and that were referred to as the Great reinforce the walls. Sections near the Wall. One of the most famous is the Ming capital of Beijing were wall built between 220–206 BC by especially strong. the first Emperor of China but little of The most comprehensive that wall remains. The majority of the archaeological survey has recently existing wall was built during the concluded that the entire Great Wall, Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD). with all of its branches, stretches for Unlike the earlier fortifications, the 5,500.3 miles (8,851.8 kilometers). Ming construction was stronger and

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Tanzania/Kenya Serengeti Migration Photo by: Harvey Barrison

The Serengeti Migration is approximately half a million calves #2 one of the largest mass over a period of 3 weeks. As the rains movement of land mammals end the animals normally head north- on the planet. One million wildebeest west to the Western Corridor of the and 200,000 zebra make a 300 miles Serengeti and its Grumeti River. Huge (500 kilometer) round trip from the crocodiles are waiting for the Southern Serengeti in Tanzania to the hesitant wildebeest to stumble at the northern edge of the Masai Mara crossing. From Grumeti, the National Reserve in Kenya. During wildebeest and zebra head north, their trip, the wildebeests and zebras arriving on the Kenyan border in July. are accompanied by gazelle, eland With the start of the short rains in and impala. Nobember the migration starts The migration pattern is determined moving south again, usually arriving by the availability of grazing. At the in December to their breeding beginning of the year there is plenty grounds and the cycle begins again. of grass available for the animals in The Great Migration is probably the south eastern part of the Africa’s greatest safari spectacle and Serengeti ecosystem. Around this one of the most breathtaking events time, the wildebeest give birth to in the animal kingdom.

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Egypt Giza Pyramids Photo by: Tommy Wong

The Giza necropolis, situated build at a higher elevation. The most #1 in the immediate vicinity of distinctive feature of Khafre’s the southwestern suburbs of Pyramid is the topmost layer of Cairo is probably the most famous smooth stones that are the only ancient site in the world. The remaining casing stones on a Giza pyramids in Giza were built over the pyramid. At a height of 204 feet (61 span of three generations – by Khufu, meters) the Pyramid of Menkaure is his second reigning son Khafre, and the smallest of the three great Menkaure. The Great Pyramid of pyramids. The Great Sphinx lies on Khufu is the oldest and sole remnant the east side of the complex. It is of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient thought that the head of the Great World. Over 2 million blocks of stone Sphinx is that of Khafre. Along with were used to construct the pyramid, these monuments are a number of during a 20 year period concluding smaller satellite structures know as around 2560 BC. The pyramid is an queen pyramids, causeways and awe-inspiring 455 feet (139 meters) temples. high making it the largest pyramid in Egypt, although nearby Khafre’s Pyramid appears to be larger as it is

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