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Radioactive Dixie: a History of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Waste in the American South, 1950-1990 Caroline Rose Peyton University of South Carolina

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Radioactive Dixie: a History of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Waste in the American South, 1950-1990 Caroline Rose Peyton University of South Carolina View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholar Commons - Institutional Repository of the University of South Carolina University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2016 Radioactive Dixie: A History of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Waste in the American South, 1950-1990 Caroline Rose Peyton University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Peyton, C. R.(2016). Radioactive Dixie: A History of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Waste in the American South, 1950-1990. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3553 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RADIOACTIVE DIXIE: A HISTORY OF NUCLEAR POWER AND NUCLEAR WASTE IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH, 1950-1990 by Caroline Rose Peyton Bachelor of Arts University of Arkansas, 2008 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 2012 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2016 Accepted by: Kent B. Germany, Major Professor Ann Johnson, Committee Member Marjorie Spruill, Committee Member Thomas Lekan, Committee Member Robert Brinkmeyer, Committee Member Lacy Ford, Senior Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Caroline Rose Peyton, 2016 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION For Dean and my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Distance runners and graduate students share common ground. Both enterprises require long hours, if not physically alone, then alone with your own thoughts. Those thoughts often rebel against the intended purpose—five hundred words appears good enough and twelve miles rather than fifteen might suffice for now, but accomplishing big goals requires a kind of fortitude to override those signals and to suffer well. Of course, running thousands of miles and writing hundreds of pages are rewarding, even when the end result does not match the original vision. While these accomplishments require individual will and personal sacrifice, if we are lucky, our family, friends, mentors, and peers sustain us. Long before the first inkling of this project materialized, I received tremendous support and inspiration, and those forces have only grown in the last few years. This project would not have been possible without the generous support of the University of South Carolina’s College of Arts and Sciences, especially Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, USC’s Office of the Vice President for Research, USC’s Institute for Southern Studies, USC’s Department of History, the National Science Foundation and American Society for Environmental History for travel grants, the Kentucky Historical Society, the Women in Technology History group, and the Rachel Carson Center and the University of Wisconsin-Madison for support to attend the Anthropocene Slam in 2014. I would also like to thank the University of South Carolina’s Department of History. Although I’ve considered many different paths in life, the decision to attend iv the University of South Carolina has been one decision I have not questioned. The faculty’s guidance, along with the friendships forged at USC, have proven far more meaningful than I could have imagined. A special thanks goes to my dissertation director Kent Germany. He has devoted an astounding amount of time guiding me through the dissertation process. While his editorial and scholarly feedback have been invaluable, he gave me enough freedom to shape the project early on and provided the necessary encouragement to sustain the project through various hurdles. From the first year at USC, I had a gut instinct that he was the right mentor, and I’m thankful he stuck with me. Whether I proposed studying southern wrestling, police brutality, or nuclear power, his approach provided a kind of scholarly sustenance that buoyed me through many different ways of exploring southern history. Besides being a genuinely good person and a great mentor, he also provides the best marginal comments—ranging from the comic to the moving. Sometimes we get to know one another through strange ways, in this case, comment bubbles. I would also like to thank the other members of my dissertation committee: Ann Johnson, Marjorie Spruill, Thomas Lekan, and Robert Brinkmeyer. Ann Johnson gave me the confidence and the guidance necessary to dive into the history of technology mid- way through graduate school. Adopting a new field has not been easy, and I couldn’t have done it without her. She has been an important mentor to so many graduate students, and I’m glad she thought adopting the “southern nukes chick” label wasn’t crazy after all. Marjorie Spruill has been a phenomenal mentor, who gave me much-needed encouragement and constructive feedback in her graduate seminar. She also gave me the v opportunity to work as her research assistant, where I learned the ropes of oral history transcription. More importantly, Marjorie’s kindness and intellect continue to inspire me. Likewise, Thomas Lekan, the department’s resident environmental history, offered encouragement during the project’s earliest stages and has been a wonderful resource for understanding the field. Like the history of technology, I came to environmental history late in the game, and I appreciate Tom’s generosity and willingness to lend his keen perspective to the dissertation. Finally, I’d like to thank Robert Brinkmeyer for his long-standing support and agreement to serve on the committee. I first met Bob as an undergraduate at the University of Arkansas. Bob upended everything I thought I knew and sparked an interest in southern history, culture, and literature. His style of teaching seemed so radical yet so organic. I’ve been fortunate enough to take an independent study and a graduate seminar with Bob, and the conversations, friendships, and books from those courses run through it all. From the Department of History, I’d like to thank Larry Glickman (who’s now at Cornell), for his support, his advocacy, and his guidance. He encouraged me to enter the PhD program after I had only applied to the MA program. That early vote of confidence was pivotal. As his research assistant, I gained valuable insight into how professional academics approach long-term projects, and as his student, he gave sharp but fair criticism that motivated me to do better work. Moreover, Larry played an instrumental role in securing funding for my sixth year, and while it took me longer than I promised, I can’t thank him enough for it. vi I’d also like to thank Lauren Sklaroff for her tremendous support and her guidance. Larry and Lauren, together, advocated for me at a critical hour in graduate school. Beyond that, I’ve learned so much from Lauren as her student and as her TA, and I’ve always respected her knack for giving meaningful feedback and for encouraging students to do more. I would be remiss if I failed to thank other faculty and staff at USC. A special thanks goes to Matt Childs. Matt’s graduate seminar and the time spent as his TA are among some of my best grad school experiences. You are the Yoda to many, and I hope you know that. Dean Kinzley, thank you for your unfailing support, leadership, and wit. The graduate students at USC have been well-served by you. Thanks should also be extended to Pat Sullivan, whose guidance and scholarship, inspires and gives us all a model for making our work matter. Don Doyle, thank you for your support and for allowing me to serve as your research assistant. The experience taught me about the depth of knowledge required to write great historical scholarship. Mark Smith, thank you for the valuable feedback and encouragement during the project’s first stage. Thanks to Emily Brock for her support as I initially explored environmental history. Also, thanks should go to Bob Ellis in USC’s Institute for Southern Studies. Several other people have played important roles in my academic career. Among them is Debra Rae Cohen. I took three courses with DRC at the University of Arkansas, and like Bob Brinkmeyer’s classes, Debra Rae inspired and challenged me. The rock critic turned professor made me a lot more convinced that college wasn’t such as bad idea, and she’s continued to guide me at the University of South Carolina. I’d also like to thank Lynda Coon. Her undergraduate courses helped get me back on track after a vii prolonged academic slump. Finally, I’d like to thank Jeannie Whayne, who served as my honors thesis advisor as an undergraduate and urged me to pursue the study of history further. I wouldn’t be here without her. Special thanks to Cameron University’s Department of History and Government. Lance Janda made sure I had a much-needed space for writing on a moment’s notice. Thanks to Lance, Sarah Janda, Edris Montalvo, Kurt Johnson, Wendy Whitman-Cobb, Travis Childs, Douglas Catterall, and Roni Kay O’Dell for their support and their good humor during a stressful time. I’d also like to thank some compatriots on conference panels and others that have offered helpful feedback over the last few years. Paul Josephson, whose expertise in all things nuclear far surpasses mine, has been a great supporter and running partner. Paul’s generosity in spirit and his attitude towards life and work gives me something to strive for. Paul exemplifies living life to the fullest, and I thank him for sharing his wit and his wisdom during our runs at SHOT conferences.
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