Surgery of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Instrumentation and Dissection MARY SUTTON, CST, CFA, FAST
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Tumor staging (TNM) - represents metastasis to distant tissues.
The “T” class is as follows: The “N” class is as follows: The “M” class is as follows: T0 Unknown primary tumor N0 No lymph node metastasis M0 No distant metastasis (cancer T1 0 cm to 2 cm N1 Single lymph node, less than 3 cm has not spread to distant body structures) T2 2 cm to 4 cm on the same side as the tumor M1 Distant metastasis (cancer has T3 4 cm to 6 cm N2a Single lymph node, 3-6 cm on the same side as the tumor spread to distant body structures) T4 Greater than 6 cm N2b Multiple nodes, none greater than MX Distant metastasis cannot be Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed 6 cm, same side assessed N2c Bilateral or opposite nodes, none greater than 6 cm N3 Metastasis in a node greater than 6 cm NX Nodes cannot be assessed (usu- ally due to a node biopsy)
crosses over the midline and how far onto the opposite cord.
42 AST June 2008 Volume 2, No. 1 Copyright 2008 AST www.ast.org Surgery of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Instrumentation and Dissection
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44 AST June 2008 Volume 2, No. 1 Copyright 2008 AST www.ast.org Surgery of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Instrumentation and Dissection
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Association of Surgical Technologists Phone: 800-637-7433 Fax: 303-694-9169 Email: [email protected] 45 CE CREDIT PKG 2: 18 CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDITS
ͳF mOBM TFMFDUJWF OFDL EJTTFDUJPO JT UIF BOUFSJPS DPNQBSU About the author NFOU EJTTFDUJPO XIJDI JT UIF FO CMPD SFNPWBM PG MFWFM 7* .BSZ 4VUUPO ēģĤ ēĖđ ĖđģĤ JT DVSSFOUMZ BO JOTUSVDUPS BU MZNQI OPEFT *OEJDBUJPOT GPS UIJT EJTTFDUJPO BSF GPS DBODFST $PODPSEF $BSFFS *OTUJUVUF JO +BDLTPOWJMMF 'MPSJEB BOE XBT BSJTJOH JO UIF UIZSPJE IZQPQIBSZOY DFSWJDBM USBDIFB SFDFOUMZ B TQFBLFS BU "45T UI "OOVBM /BUJPOBM $POGFSFODF DFSWJDBM FTPQIBHVT BOE MBSZOHFBM UVNPST UIBU FYUFOE CFMPX JO 0SMBOEP 4IF IBT CFFO BDUJWF JO UIF 'MPSJEB 4UBUF "TTFNCMZ UIF HMPUUJT ͳF CPVOEBSJFT PG UIJT EJTTFDUJPO CJMBUFSBMMZ BSF UIF "45 OBUJPOBM #PBSE PG %JSFDUPST BOE DPOUJOVFT UP TFSWF UIF DBSPUJE TIFBUIT UIF IZPJE CPOF BOE UIF TUFSOBM OPUDI *G UIF QSPGFTTJPO PO UIF /#454" #PBSE PG %JSFDUPST QBSBUIZSPJE HMBOET BSF JEFOUJmFE UIFZ NVTU CF SFJNQMBOUFE 0GUFO UIJT EJTTFDUJPO JT EPOF XIFO UBLJOH PVU UIF QSJNBSZ References UVNPS BT XJUI B MBSZOHFDUPNZ An Atlas of Head and Neck Surgery, 3rd ed. -PSF +. FE 1IJMBEFMQIJB 8# 4BVOEFST Conclusion $IBĉFF && BOE -ZUMF *. Basic Physiology and Anatomy, 4th ed. 1IJMB EFMQIJB -JQQJODPUU ͳF BOBUPNZ PG UIF OFDL UIF UZQFT PG EJTTFDUJPO BOE UIF (SBZ ) Gray’s Anatomy, 15th ed. $IBODFMMPS 1SFTT SFMBUFE JOTUSVNFOUBUJPO BSF BMM JNQPSUBOU CBDLHSPVOE JO .BSUJOJ 3 $IBQUFS e Muscular System. In: Fundamentals of Anat- GPSNBUJPO GPS VOEFSTUBOEJOH IFBE BOE OFDL TVSHFSJFT GSPN omy and Physiology [online]. 1SFOUJDF )BMM DXYQSFOIBMMDPN BO PUPMBSZOHPMPHZ QFSTQFDUJWF " SFWJFX PG UIF WBSJPVT CPPLCJOEQVCCPPLTNBSUJOJEFNPDIBQUFSNFEJBMJC$)IUNM DI@@IUNM BDDFTTFE TUBHFT PG DBODFS IFMQT UIF TVSHJDBM UFDIOPMPHJTU SFMBUF UIF Taber’s Online 3.0.
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46 AST June 2008 Volume 2, No. 1 Copyright 2008 AST www.ast.org