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Pak Klong Talad, Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok: Steps Toward the Conservation of a Historic Urban Community

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Pak Klong Talad, Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok: Steps Toward the Conservation of a Historic Urban Community PAK KLONG TALAD, RATTANAKOSIN ISLAND, BANGKOK: STEPS TOWARD THE CONSERVATION OF A HISTORIC URBAN COMMUNITY By Naphatsanan Vinijvorakijkul A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2008 PAK KLONG TALAD, RATTANAKOSIN ISLAND, BANGKOK: STEPS TOWARD THE CONSERVATION OF A HISTORIC URBAN COMMUNITY By Naphatsanan Vinijvorakijkul A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2008 The Graduate school, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the Thesis title of “Pak Klong Talad, Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok: Steps Toward the Conservation of a Historic Urban Community” submitted by Ms.Naphatsanan Vinijvorakijkul as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism. …..…….................................................................... (Associate Professor Sirichai Chinatangkul, Ph.D.) Dean of Graduate School .........../......................./…........... The Thesis Advisor Professor William Chapman, Ph.D. The Thesis Examination Committee ....................................................................... Chairman (Professor Trungjai Buranasomphob, Ph.D.) ............./........................../................ .........................................................................Member (Assistant Professor Chaiyasit Dankittikul, Ph.D.) ............./........................../................ .........................................................................Member (Professor William Chapman, Ph.D.) ............./........................../................ 51056953: MAJOR: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM KEY WORD: CONSERVATION / HISTORIC URBAN COMMUNITY NAPHATSANAN VINIJVORAKIJKUL: PAK KLONG TALAD, RATTANAKOSIN ISLAND, BANGKOK: STEPS TOWARD THE CONSERVATION OF A HISTORIC URBAN COMMUNITY. THESIS ADVISOR: PROFESSOR WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Ph.D., 216 pp. Pak Klong Talad is located between the Chao Praya River (Inner Krung Rattanakosin) and Outer Krung Rattanakosin on the south side of the historic city of Bangkok. This area has great historical, architectural and cultural significance. The future of Pak Klong Talad, within the context of Krung Rattanakosin, is a subject of considerable debate and controversy. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) was to have developed a plan for the Pak Klong Talad area. However, the BMA faced a significant number of problems and obstructions. These included the fact that no specific conservation regulations were promulgated; that the owners of land and properties did not cooperate; that there was no budget to pay restitution; the negative response of people who were to be affected by the plan; and the lack of a truly comprehensive and sustainable development plan. This dissertation is the reexamination of several factors including: taking a fresh look at the physical character of the community; an analysis of the present economy and social make-up of the community, and in particular, ways in which community participation may be encouraged and enlisted in future development and conservation schemes. The study also examines ways that economic change and new marketing strategies might be enlisted to further the aims of community sustainable future by learning from market models in other countries and consider their applicability to Pak Klong Talad. This study’s final intention is to better understand existing factors and thereafter develop guidelines that might provide a better solution for future management – one that adequately takes into account the participation of the people in Pak Klong Talad as well adapt to new economic realities. Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2008 Student's signature ........................................ Thesis Advisor's signature ........................................ c Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge all the contribution from the following individuals. Without their help and support, this dissertation would not have been completed. To begin with, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Dr. William Chapman, for all his guidance and contribution to my research from the very first day until the end. Additional thanks go to my examiners, Professor Dr. Trungjai Buranasomphob and Assistant Professor Dr. Chaiyasit Dankittikul, for all their support and advice throughout my entire doctoral study. My special thanks go to President and Vice President of Kasem Bundit University that give me the opportunity to study and provided financial support. Thanks also to Dean and all lecturers of Liberal Arts Faculty Kasem Bundit University for their advice and moral support. My thanks also go to all people in Pak Klong Talad who participated in the interviews and survey as well as those who granted their permissions for every process of data collection. Thanks to Mr. Mel Sharman and Mr. Henry Silverman for their suggestion, comments and English edition. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my dear parents, sisters and brother for their love and unlimited support. d Table of Contents Page Abstract…………………………………………………………………………… c Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………. d List of Figures……………………………………………………….……………. h List of Tables............................................................................................................ k Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………. 1 Rationale for Study……………………………………………………… 6 Statement of the problem……………………………………...…..……. 7 Objective of the Study.……………………………………………......... 8 Scope of Study……………………………………..………………........ 8 Study Area…………………………………………………….………… 9 Research Methodology……………………………………………..…… 10 Procedures Involved in the study………….……………………………. 13 2 Thai Markets..…………………………………………………………….….. 16 Part 1 : Thai Markets : Background History…………………………. 16 Markets in the Sukhotai Era…………………………………….. 16 Markets in the Ayuthaya Era…………………………………… 17 Markets in the Thonburi Era……………………………………. 19 Markets in the Rattanakosin Era…………………………...…… 21 1. Markets in between the reign of King Rama I to the reign of King Rama III……………………………...…….. 21 2. Markets in between the reign of King Rama IV to the reign of King Rama VI…………………………….…...…. 26 3. Markets from the reign of King Rama VII up until now..... 32 Part 2 : Changes in the market landscape in Bangkok……..………. 34 3 History of the Rattanakosin Conservation Project…………………………. 42 The Background of the Krung Rattanakosin………………….……….... 42 Prior to the Rattanakosin Period ………………………….……… 42 Bangkok in Thonburi Period…………………………..…………. 43 The Rattanakosin Period ………………………………..………. 43 Background to the Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin………………………………………………..……….. 50 Policies and Measures for the Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin………………………………………….……… 52 e Chapter Page Master Plans for the Conservation and Development of the Krung Rattanakosin………………………………………………………... 55 Action Plans of the Masterplan for the Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin………………………………………..…..… 61 4 Literature Review……………………………………………………….….. 63 Conservation Viewpoint………………………………………….…….. 63 Reasons for Conservation…………………………………………..…… 64 Principles of Urban Conservation………………………………….…… 65 Urban Renewal…………………………………………………….……. 66 The Concept of Citizens’ Participation………………………………..... 67 Relevant Research………………………………………………….…… 72 5 Physical condition of Pak Klong Talad Area……………………….……… 82 Function of the Buildings………………………………………..……… 83 Number of Storeys ……………………………………………..………. 89 Additions to Buildings…………………………………………..…........ 95 Building Materials Used………………………………………………... 101 Condition of the Buildings………………………………………..……. 107 Type of Buildings………………………………………………...……... 113 Traffic……………………………………………………………..…...... 125 Parking………………………………………………………………...… 131 6 Social and Economic of Pak Klong Talad…………………………….…… 133 Residents of the buildings………..…………………………….….…… 133 Characteristics and Traditions of the community ………….….…. 133 Characteristic of population …………………………………..….. 134 Duration of residence in Pak Klong Talad …………………..…… 135 Type of business…………………………………………………. 135 Business trend……………………………………………….…… 136 Interaction in the community ………………………………….…. 137 Property ownership………………………………………….……. 137 The Venders…………………………………………………………..… 140 Characteristics of population ……………………………...……... 140 Duration of Residence in Pak Klong Talad ………………...…… 141 Reason of trading at Pak Klong Talad………………….………… 141 Type of business…………………………………………..…........ 142 7 The Cases from another countries…………………………………..……… 145 Main Street Program, U.S.A………………………………………...….. 145 What is the National Trust for Historic Preservation?..................... 146 f Chapter Page What does the National Trust do?.................................................... 146 History of the National Trust Main Street Center………………… 146 The Main Street Four-Point Approach to commercial district revitalization……………………………………………..... 147 The Main Street Philosophy - Eight Principles of Success…….… 148 Civic Trust………………………………………………………….…… 150 Civic Societies……………………………………………………. 150 About the Civic Trust Regeneration Unit………………….……... 151
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