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Download Thesis This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Lyricism in the Brazilian Novel Ramos, Rosane Carneiro Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 Lyricism in the Brazilian Novel Rosane Carneiro Ramos Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD King’s College London June, 2017 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. 1 To Ian Pakes 2 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere and intense gratitude to the following: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes)/Ministry of Education of Brazil, for making this thesis at King’s College London possible. I truly thank them for their trust and support. Academic supervisors Prof David Treece and Dr Felipe Botelho Correa. In particular Prof Treece for believing in my research project and giving me forthright professional support; and Dr Botelho Correa, for his encouragement and precious assistance. Professor Antonio Carlos Secchin and Dr Érico Braga Barbosa Lima, in Brazil, for their academic support. Dr Luzia Tofalini, in Brazil, and Professor Earl E. Fitz, in the United States, for their indispensable and kind collaboration during the research. Writers Reni Adriano, Wesley Peres and João Anzanello Carrascoza, for their invaluable and patient disposition in helping. Rosa Alice Pritchard, for her inestimable support, kindness and patience during the final revisions. My wise friends who inspired me in Brazil to achieve this doctorate and helped me with their advice throughout the journey: siblings Mariane Campelo Koslinski, Anna Bia Waehneldt, and Marcelo Nogueira; and Karla Bessa, Claudia Rodrigues, Bia Martins, Leonardo Chioda, Rossana Scorza, Ana Amália Alves, Valeria Villela, Vera Maria Tucunduva, Vanise Medeiros and Thais Medeiros. 3 My incredible friends in the United Kingdom who help me with love, joy, kindness and intelligence: Maira Thorley, Gloria Lanci, Gaby Formica, Kenya Silva, Almiro Andrade, Sandra D’Angelo, Luiz Moretto, Laura Arantes Pietropaulo, Guilherme Tavares, Dico Amorim, Ana Paula Sobral Amorim and Gabriela Mourato. My family in Brazil: sisters Luciane and Cristiane, and fundamentally the ladies who through their example taught me everything about dignity and courage in life: Elzira Carneiro (in memoriam) and Edineia Carneiro de Barros. My grandmother Sebastiana, for the strength, always. My partner Ian Pakes – for your genuine love. 4 Abstract The aim of this doctoral thesis is to certify the presence of prose lyricism in Brazilian novels as a tendency, explaining its operation in diverse manifestations. Besides the examination of a selection of prose fiction works and writers in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the thesis also inquires about the absence of the subject in Brazilian literary studies, exposing the origin of a prejudice against lyrical narratives and refuting this negative preconception. This work bridges this gap and brings to light some of the implications of this absence, regarding Brazilian literary studies. In doing so, it also aims to contribute to the lyrical novel theory, adding to its premises recent and flexible configurations in the theory of the genres. Chapter 1 analyses the changing nature of the concepts of novel and lyricism, while it contributes to achieve an updated perception of the lyrical novel. These variations are compared in order to obtain a theoretical standpoint from which to assess Brazilian literary works from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Chapter 2 examines the historical provenance of the merger between lyricism and sentimentalism/escapism, one consequence of which has been the disparagement undergone by prose lyricism in Brazil up to the present. Chapter 3 offers an overview of canonical and non-canonical authors who work with prose lyricism – its main objectives are to do justice to this historical inquiry and to open new perspectives for research into these writers. The concluding Chapter 4 focuses on contemporary writing in Brazil. This examination is made in contrast with the current status of realism in Brazilian literature, questioning recent literary representations. Three lyrical novelists are taken as case studies, expanding the parameters obtained throughout the thesis. 5 Contents Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 5 Contents 6 Introduction 8 Chapter 1 Lyricism and the novel, two shifting concepts 22 1.1 Freedman and the need to understand the lyrical novel 23 1.1.1 Imagery against novelistic causation and time: the main feature 24 1.2 Other investigations 33 1.2.1 Woolf: a source of inspiration 41 1.3 Interior monologue, stream of consciousness, psychological novel 46 1.4 The novel 51 1.4.1 Openness in movement 52 1.4.2 Historical and social interlocutor 54 1.5 The role of lyricism 58 1.5.1 The lyrical: key points to consider 61 1.6 A lyrical point of view 64 1.6.1 The receptive theorist 65 Chapter 2 Lyricism in the Brazilian novel: an erratic history 68 2.1 The sentimental and exuberant Romantic interpretation 69 2.2 Brazil’s unappreciated sentimentalism 79 2.3 Symbolist writing and the problem of commitment 85 2.4 Symbolist prose writers: the first neglected lyrical novelists? 90 2.5 Theoretical approaches 95 2.6 A flimsy prejudice 99 6 Chapter 3 New perspectives through lyricism 104 3.1 Lyrical, eccentric and misunderstood 106 3.1.1 Lyrical anxiety in Adelino Magalhães 106 3.1.2 Lúcio Cardoso and the tormented poet’s prose 110 3.1.3 Guimarães Rosa’s unclassifiable lyricism 113 3.1.4 Lispector and the voice of strangeness 117 3.1.5 The cosmogony of Osman Lins 124 3.1.6 ‘Lavoura arcaica’: Raduan Nassar’s testimony 130 3.2 Beyond canonical perceptions 135 Chapter 4 Prose lyricism today: the road ahead 138 4.1 The real issue 139 4.2 Lyricism in between 144 4.3 Adriano, Peres and Carrascoza 152 4.3.1 Reni Adriano: not regionalism, but rhythm 153 4.3.1.1 Dialects and folkloric legends: a regional plot? 156 4.3.1.2 Lyricism in oral narratives 160 4.3.1.3 Brutal facts, violent lyricism 164 4.3.2 Wesley Peres: the deconstruction of the self 167 4.3.2.1 Another kind of space 170 4.3.2.2 Silence, the strongest image 172 4.3.2.3 The foundational body 174 4.3.3 Carrascoza: the contemporary lyrical veteran 179 4.3.3.1 A conflicting development 182 4.3.3.2 The greatest challenge in the novel 185 4.4 Concluding revelations 190 Conclusion 195 References 206 7 INTRODUCTION Lyricism in the Brazilian Novel aims primarily to analyse the use of prose lyricism in a selection of representative texts from Brazil in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The focus is on the role of lyricism in the literary historiography of Brazil, a subject that hitherto has not been studied systematically inside Brazil. This lack of specific scholarship on the subject is also discussed in this thesis, which ultimately aims to contribute to a better understanding of prose lyricism in Brazil, particularly against the backdrop of the predominant style of social realism in the canonical literary historiography. Based on this analysis, I argue that in Brazil this neglected tendency – lyrical novel-writing – represents a significant counterpoint to the dominant narrative mode of social realism. Unravelling the presence of prose lyricism in Brazilian novels has been a personal quest of mine since 2004. At that time, when studying Raduan Nassar’s Lavoura arcaica (1974) for my master’s degree, I struggled to find detailed research on lyrical novels in Brazil. Nassar’s book, which forces the reader to face poetic prose within a novelistic narrative, was awarded two of the most prominent prizes in Brazil, and inspired an award-winning film. What intrigued me was Lavoura arcaica’s narrative construction and its unusual features, combining prose and poetry in a novel. This combination has been studied in other contexts by scholars from countries such as Spain, France, Portugal and the United States, but none of their investigations have focused on Brazilian works, with the exception of Earl E. Fitz (1977; 1979; 1985; 2005). The difficulty in finding the desired information prompted me to broaden my first enquiry regarding Nassar’s work. Driven by this interesting hypothesis of verifying the presence of lyrical novels in Brazilian literature, I felt compelled to understand the reasons why the subject had, until now, received such scarce consideration. The unfolding context Behind the scant consideration of the subject lies a theoretical debate regarding the conceptualization of the lyric.
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