British Infantry Manual 1914

british infantry manual 1914

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General Staff, War Office. Corrected to April 15, 1917 Changes Nos. 1 to 18. See illustration on our website. See illustration on our website. See illustration on our website. See illustration on our website. The 25 manuals date from 1913 to 1919. Highlights amongst the manuals include Construction of Dugouts, Textbook, 1917 One of the most recalled characteristic of World War I is the stalemate of trench warfare. This manual details the construction of trenches, both underground and surface dugouts. The knowledge in this manual was aided by experiences at Verdun and Somme. Subjects include Protection against gas attacks, Machine gun emplacements, Dugouts for the posts of commanding officers, Medical stations, Observation posts, concealment during construction, living conditions in underground dugouts, and preventing rain and water seepage. Gas Manual Part 1 Tactical Employment of Gases Another image commonly invoked by World War I is the use of chemical warfare. Chemical Substances Used in Military Operations Their Physical Properties, Their Physiological Effects, Effect in Relation to Density of Gas and Time of Exposure. Action of Gas Upon Release from Containers. Persistencies of Gases. Methods of Projection of Gas. Employment of Chemical Substances in Tactics. Special Application of the Various Groups of Chemical Substances. Who Uses Smoke. Use of Smoke in Operations. Smoke Screens. Protection of Tanks. Gas Manual Part 2 Use of Gas by the Artillery The information in this American Expeditionary Forces field manual on the use of gas in artillery shells, was compiled with the purpose of furnishing the artillery man and the gas officer concise information on the use of chemical ammunition. Topics include Tactical Use of Artillery Chemical Shell. Handling and Storage of Gas Shell. Transport of Gas Shell. Storage of Gas Shell. Special Precautions Relative to Mustard Gas Shell. Incendiary Shells.http://majcentrum.com/user_uploads/file/federal-reserve-compliance-examination-manual.xml

british infantry training manual 1914, 1.0, british infantry training manual 1914.

Gas Warfare Part 2 Defense Against Gas Warfare Topics include Early Methods of Protection a Early British Respirators and Helmets. b Early German Respirators. c Oxygen Breathing Apparatus. d Other Early Methods. Present Day Masks a American Respirator. b French Masks. c The Italian Mask. d The Russian Respirator. e German Respirator. AntiGas Appliances for General Use a Alarm Appliances, Gas Shell and Local Alarms, Cloud Gas Alarms. b Protection of Shelters and Dugouts. c Clearing Gas from Trenches and Dugouts, Natural Ventilation, Ventilation by Fire, Ventilation by Fanning. Protection of Weapons and Equipment. Protection of Animals, Horse, Carrier Pigeons. Gas Detectors and Sampling Devices. Organization of AntiGas Duties. Standing Orders for Defense Against Gas Attacks, American Expeditionary Forces. Infantry Drill Regulations, 19111917 This manual covers a wide range of basic standards for the infantry. Topics covered include Orders, commands, and signals. Combat leadership. Combat reconnaissance. Fire superiority. Deployment for attack. Advancing the attack. The fire attack. The charge. Pursuit. Attack of fortifications. Holding attack. Defensive positions and entrenchments. Deployment for defense. Defensive counterattack. Delaying action. Machine guns. Ammunition supply. Mounted scouts. Night operations. Infantry against Cavalry. Artillery supports. Entrenchments. Patrols. Marches. Training and discipline. Protection of the march. Camp sanitation. Protection of camp or bivouac. Ceremonies and inspections. Honors and salutes. Bugle calls. Bugle call music notations. Bayonet usage. Instructions for the Defensive Combat of Small Units Infantry Platoon to Regiment This field manual concentrates on the characteristics of trench warfare. These Instructions were adapted from French, British and American Instructions and other sources, and were based on experience in the most recent operations at the time.http://ahlhy.com/uploads/file/2020/10/1116233091.xml The manual explains the general characteristics of offensive and defensive combat in trench warfare. The manual discusses the employment of natural and artificial features of the ground and the improvement of same for increasing the power of the defense as an essential part of defensive combat. The manual contends that an entrenched position furnishes a large number of natural and artificial features which may be employed for defensive combat. Topics covered include Characteristics of the Attack. Infantry During the Period of Stabilization. Infantry Attacked in its Trenches. Fire Trenches and Communication Trenches. Cave Shelters. Wire Entanglements. Interior Guard Duty, Manual, 19141917 This manual divides guards and guard duty into four classes Exterior guards, interior guards, military police, and provost guards. Interior guards are used in camp or garrison to preserve order, protect property, and to enforce police regulations. Provisional Machine Gun Firing Manual This manual covers the use of the BenetMercie rifle, Lewis gun, Vickers gun, and the Maxim gun. Topics include Use, care, and repair of machine guns and accessories. Combat firing. Instruction in the mechanics of the machine gun. Sighting, position, and aiming drills. Use of instruments. The determination of ranges. Estimating distances on the ground by eye. Field firing. Indirect fire. Night firing. Ballistic qualities of machine guns. Rates and volumes and their relation to effectiveness. Rules of Land Warfare This manual on the rules of land warfare was prepared for the use of officers of the land forces of the United States during World War I. The manual covers conventions and treaties such as the Hague and Geneva conventions. The manual covers subjects omitted by these conventions. Topics include The laws of war on land. The commencement of hostilities. The armed forces of belligerents. Prisoners of war. The sick, wounded, and dead. The conduct of hostilities. Stratagems. Espionage and treason.

Bombardments, assaults, and sieges. Intercourse between belligerents. Capitulations. Armistices. Military authority over hostile State. Treatment of enemy property. Penalties for violations of the laws of war. Neutrality. Neutral rights and duties. Convention III of The Hague. Convention IV of The Hague. Convention V of The Hague. Convention VIII of The Hague. Convention IX of The Hague. Convention XI of The Hague. The Mess Officers Assistant This book teaches the essential principles to be followed in the messing of troops. Topics include History of The Ration. Food Values and Elementary Principles of Nutrition. Elementary Principles of Cooking and Handling Food. The Garrison Ration. Milk, Cheese, Lard, Compound, Etc. Preservation of Foods, Bacteria and Mold. Manuals included on the disc are AEF Combat Instructions, Pamphlet, 1918 Bulletin for Field Officers Number 6 Coast Artillery Drill Regulations, United States Army Compilation of Circulars Containing Information and Instructions Relating To Demobilization of the Army Construction of Dugouts, Textbook, 1917 Defense Against Gas December 1918 Drill Regulations and Service Manual for Sanitary Troops, United States Army Employment of Machine Guns, AEF Bulletin No.

30, May 1918 Gas Manual Part 1 Tactical Employment of Gases Gas Manual Part 2 Use of Gas by the Artillery Gas Manual Part 3 Use of Gas by Gas Troops Gas Manual Part 4 Use of Gas by the Infantry Gas Manual Part 5 Use of Gas by the Air Service Gas Warfare Part 2 Defense Against Gas Warfare, AEF Pamphlet, January 1918 Infantry Drill Regulations, 19111917 Instructions for the Defensive Combat of Small Units Infantry Platoon to Regiment Interior Guard Duty, Manual, 19141917 Manual for Noncommissioned Officers and Privates of Field Artillery of the Army of the United States, Volume I Manual for Noncommissioned Officers and Privates of Field Artillery of the Army of the United States, Volume II Notes on Field Fortification, for Use of Student Officers, Army School of the Line, 1916. Provisional Machine Gun Firing Manual Regulations for United States Military Telegraph Lines, Alaska Cables, Telegraph Stations, US Signal Corps 1915 Manual No.2 Rules of Land Warfare, 1914, Corrected to April 15, 1917 Changes Nos. 1 and 2 Small Arms Firing Manual, 1913 Corrected to March 15, 1918 The Mess Officers Assistant The disc contains a text transcript of all recognizable text embedded into the graphic image of each page of each document, creating a searchable finding aid. Text searches can be done across all files on the disc. Learn more opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. If you reside in an EU member state besides UK, import VAT on this purchase is not recoverable.

For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions opens in a new window or tab Learn More opens in a new window or tab Learn More opens in a new window or tab Learn More opens in a new window or tab Learn More opens in a new window or tab Learn More opens in a new window or tab See the seller’s listing for full details and description of any imperfections. Contact the seller opens in a new window or tab and request post to your location. Please enter a valid postcode. Please enter a number less than or equal to 1. Sellers may be required to accept returns for items that are not as described. Learn more about your rights as a buyer. opens in a new window or tab Youre covered by the eBay Money Back Guarantee if you receive an item that is not as described in the listing. We may receive commission if your application for credit is successful. Terms and conditions apply. Subject to credit approval. We may receive commission if your application for credit is successful. All Rights Reserved. User Agreement, Privacy, Cookies and AdChoice Norton Secured powered by Verisign. Many are rare items not readily available so, if you find them useful, please support the development of this resource. This includes the cleaning and handling of their weapon as well as the courses they had to undertake. This includes the cleaning and handling of their weapon as well as the courses they had to undertake. It includes drill for individuals, companies and then the machine gun sections of the battalion. It includes all aspects of the Division, including the infantry battalions, the artillery and the machine gun battalions. It covers many aspects of how the infantry operated towards the end of the 1920s. It incorporated the latest lessons on mobility and the armaments that were in service.

It covers the characteristics and qualities expected of a section leader at that start of the Second World War, as well as the organisation of the infantry battalion and the basic tactics of the section, including patrols, attacks, defence and messages, reports and orders. It also cover the individual skills and knowledge of the infantryman, such as camouflage and concealment and how to dig a slit trench. The formations for patrols and setpiece attacks by the platoon and section are explained and there are diagrams throughout. It includes a full training schedule and all of the lesson detail is included. It includes all mechanical elements, stoppages, spares and repairs. It includes drills from the Universal Carrier, as was in use at the time. They include amendments to the text as well as changes to the practices. It includes a new lesson on controlled corrections of fire. It includes updated beaten zone information. This is the first pamphlet introduced to explain its use. Many are rare items not readily available so, if you find them useful, please support the development of this resource. Get special offers emailed to you weekly and stay up to date with the latest specialist military publications.In the UK the British Army went through its training in the safe knowledge that it had never suffered defeat in Europe. This manual contains all that was taught to infantrymen, section commanders and many junior officers before they were sent to France When it arrived in France the British Army was a well trained and quite well equipped force,capable with the support of its Allies of fighting the Germans to a standstill, which it did in the autumn of 1914. The reason the British Army was so good is shown in this manual, for an army trained to the standards given in this manualt had to be effective.

The manual covers both the drill square movements, intended to create the camaraderie and esprit de corps for which the army was famous, and a detailed section on field operations, both attack and defence. Trenches are covered in a small way, as are machine guns. Of particular interest are the sections covering machine guns in battle, and fighting in close country, woods and villages. The manual is well illustrated with 18 plates and there is a very helpful glossary of military terms. The price you see on the web page is the price you pay. Components Photo taken by Ernest Brooks. The first comprised approximately 247,000 soldiers of the regular army, over half of which were posted overseas to garrison the British Empire, supported by some 210,000 reserves and a potential 60,000 additional reserves. This component formed the backbone of the British Expeditionary Force BEF, which was formed for service in France and became known as the Old Contemptibles. The second army was provided by the approximately 246,000strong Territorial Force, initially allocated to home defence but used to reinforce the BEF after the regular army suffered heavy losses in the opening battles of the war. The fourth army was the reinforcement of existing formations with conscripts after the introduction of compulsory service in January 1916. By the end of 1918, the British Army had reached its maximum strength of 3,820,000 men and could field over 70 divisions. The vast majority of the British Army fought in the main theatre of war on the Western Front in France and Belgium against the German Empire. Some units were engaged in Italy and Salonika against AustriaHungary and the Bulgarian Army, while other units fought in the Middle East, Africa and Mesopotamia —mainly against the Ottoman Empire —and one battalion fought alongside the Japanese Army in China during the Siege of Tsingtao.The expansion of the British Army saw some officers promoted from brigade to corps commander in less than a year.

Army commanders also had to cope with the new tactics and weapons that were developed. With the move from manoeuvre to trench warfare, both the infantry and the artillery had to learn how to work together. During an offensive, and when in defence, they learned how to combine forces to defend the front line. Later in the war, when the Machine Gun Corps and the Tank Corps were added to the order of battle, they were also included in the new tactical doctrine. Along with enemy action, many soldiers had to contend with new diseases trench foot, trench fever and trench nephritis. When the war ended in November 1918, British Army casualties, as the result of enemy action and disease, were recorded as 673,375 killed and missing, with another 1,643,469 wounded. The rush to demobilise at the end of the conflict substantially decreased the strength of the British Army, from its peak strength of 3,820,000 men in 1918 to 370,000 men by 1920.The framework was the voluntary system of recruitment and the regimental system, which had been defined by the Cardwell and Childers Reforms of the late 19th century.The Army Reserve of retired soldiers was 145,350 strong.They were armed with rifles, unlike their French and German counterparts, who were only armed with the shorter range carbine. The cavalry division also had a high allocation of artillery compared to foreign cavalry divisions, with 24 13pounder guns organised into two brigades and two machine guns for each regiment.By 1918, a British division consisted of three infantry brigades, each of three battalions. Each of these battalions had 36 Lewis machine guns, making a total of 324 such weapons in the division. Additionally, there was a divisional machine gun battalion, equipped with 64 Vickers machine guns in four companies of 16 guns.

MartinintheFields The policy of drawing recruits from amongst the local population ensured that, when the Pals battalions suffered casualties, whole towns, villages, neighbourhoods and communities back in Britain were to suffer disproportionate losses. This legislation did not apply to Ireland, despite its then status as part of the United Kingdom but see Conscription Crisis of 1918 .Although incompleteness of records makes it hard to say whether these dead men were a representative sample of the BEF as a whole, assertions that the latewar BEF consisted largely of conscripted “boys” should therefore be treated with caution. Furthermore, although there were certainly many cases of men being sent to regiments from parts of the country other than their own, many battalions were still filled with men from their traditional local areas, the same as earlier in the war.This was met with hostility by French as a cavalryman.He held command of the Ypres salient for three years and gained an overwhelming victory over the German Army at the battle of Messines in 1917.Front row, left to right Herbert Plumer, Haig, Rawlinson. Middle row, left to right Byng, Birdwood, Horne. Back row, left to right Lawrence, Kavanagh, White, Percy, Vaughan, Montgomery, Anderson. He had previously served in the Zulu War, the Sudan campaign, and the Second Boer war.After performing well during the First Battle of Ypres, he succeeded Allenby in command of the Cavalry Corps. He was sent to the Dardanelles in August 1915, to command the British IX Corps. He planned the highly successful evacuation of 105,000 Allied troops and the majority of the equipment of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force MEF. He was given command of the 2nd Cavalry Division in September 1914, the 7th Division in April 1915, and the British I Corps in July 1915.The Staff College, Camberley was greatly expanded and Lord Kitchener established another staff college at Quetta for Indian Army officers in 1904.

Nonetheless, when war broke out in August 1914, there were barely enough graduates to staff the BEF. Fourmonthlong staff courses were introduced, and filled with regimental officers who, upon completing their training, were posted to various headquarters. As a result, staff work was again poor, until training and experience slowly remedied the situation.This company had 10 Vickers guns; it was ordered to give sustained covering fire for 12 hours onto a selected area 2,000 yd 1,800 m away, to prevent German troops forming up there for a counterattack while a British attack was in progress. Two companies of infantry were allocated as ammunition, rations and water carriers for the gunners. They used 100 new barrels and all of the water—including the mens drinking water and the contents of the latrine buckets—to keep the guns cool. In that 12hour period, the 10 guns fired just short of one million rounds between them. One team is reported to have fired 120,000.Skirmishers formed the first wave and followed the creeping barrage into the German front line to hunt out points of resistance. The second or main wave followed in platoons or sections in single file.The Royal Horse Artillery employed the 13pounder, while the Royal Field Artillery used the 18pounder gun. By 1918, the situation had changed; the artillery were the dominant force on the battlefield.A variant was the box barrage, in which three or four barrages formed a box—or more often three sides of a box—around a position to isolate and prevent reinforcements being brought up into the front line. Another type of barrage was the SOS barrage, fired in response to a German counterattack. An SOS barrage could be brought down by firing a flare signal of a pre arranged colour, as a German barrage tended to cut the telephone lines.Consequently, the field telephone was designed; a device that operated with its own switchboard.

Apart from voice communication, it featured a buzzer unit with a Morse code key, so that it could be used to send and receive coded messages. This facility proved useful when, in the midst of bombardment, exploding shells drowned out voice communication. The telephones were connected by lines that sustained continual damage as a result of shell fire and the movement of troops.In open warfare, visual signalling employing signal flags and the heliograph was the norm. A competent signaller could transmit 12 words a minute with signal flags during daylight and signal lights at night.These units were first used for aerial spotting on 13 September 1914, but only became efficient when they perfected the use of wireless communication at Aubers Ridge on 9 May 1915. Aerial photography was attempted during 1914, but again, it only became effective the following year. In August 1915, General Hugh Trenchard replaced Henderson.Given its potential for the devastation of enemy lands and the destruction of industrial targets and centres of population on a vast scale. He recommended a new air service be formed that would be on a level with the Army and Royal Navy. The formation of the new service, however, would make use of the underutilised men and machines of the Royal Naval Air Service RNAS, as well as ending the interservice rivalries that at times had adversely affected aircraft procurement. On 1 April 1918, the RFC and the RNAS were amalgamated to form a new service, the Royal Air Force RAF. The RAF was under the control of the equally new Air Ministry. By 1918, photographic images could be taken from 15,000 ft 4,600 m and interpreted by over 3,000 personnel.The first offensive of the war in which tanks were used en masse was the battle of Cambrai in 1917; 476 tanks started the attack, and the German front collapsed.Other sectors were in a perpetual state of violent activity. However, quiet sectors still amassed daily casualties through snipers, artillery fire and disease.

They could also contract frostbite in the winter months and heat exhaustion in the summer.Note the four men sleeping in the trench Thirty percent were regulars or reservists, 40 percent were Kitchener volunteers, 19 percent were Irish, Canadian or New Zealand volunteers, but only nine percent were conscripts, suggesting indulgence to the conscripts, many of them under 21, who made up the bulk of the army by late in the war.Besides policing, a large part of their job was maintaining discipline on the march and keeping roads running smoothly, and collecting stragglers from a battle. During the March 1918 retreat 25,000 stragglers were rounded up and sent back to fighting units. Royal Military Police also fought on occasion if headquarters areas were threatened by an enemy advance.New medals were instituted the Military Cross was created in December 1914 for warrant officers and officers up to captain, the Military Medal for enlisted men in March 1916 although to the regret of some men, it did not carry a cash bounty like the Distinguished Conduct Medal. The Order of the British Empire of which the MBE is one grade was instituted in 1917.Photo by Ernest Brooks. The Third Army commander—General Julian Byng —planned an ambitious breakthrough and achieved an unprecedented advanced of 5 miles 8.0 km on the first day but lacked the reserves to either continue or consolidate.On 21 March 1918, General Erich Ludendorff, Chief of the German General Staff, launched the Spring Offensive, which was intended to defeat the Allies on the Western Front before the strength of the American Expeditionary Force AEF could become overwhelming. The main weight of the first blow— Operation Michael —fell on General Gough s Fifth Army which was forced to retreat. In response to the crisis facing the Allies, French Generalissimo Ferdinand Foch was made Supreme Commander of the Allied forces on the Western Front, placing the BEF under his strategic direction.

The next German attack came south of Ypres in the Battle of the Lys river and here too the BEF fell back.It was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing an Irish Republic. The only significant action elsewhere was at Ashbourne, 10 mi 16 km north of Dublin. Military casualties were 116 dead, 368 wounded and 9 missing.The first troops of the British Salonika Army, arrived in Salonika in October 1916, too late to prevent the Serbian Army from retreating into Albania and Greece.The British Armys involvement in the Italian campaign did not start until late 1917, when troops were sent to help prevent a defeat on the Italian front. On 24 October 1917 in the battle of Caporetto the Second Italian Army collapsed and the Italians were forced to retreat to the Piave River, where they could be reinforced with five British and six French Divisions from the Western Front, complete with supporting arms and commanded by General Herbert Plumer. The reinforced Italians successfully managed to halt the AustroHungarian advance at the battle of the Piave river. During the Allied counterattack in October 1918, the AustroHungarian Army collapsed after taking heavy losses at the battle of Vittorio Veneto.Most British operations in Africa were carried out by African askari units such as the Kings African Rifles KAR, South African or Indian Army units.These were a series of attacks against the Turkish defences aimed at capturing the original objectives of 25 April 1915. The final British attempt to resuscitate the offensive came on 21 August, with attacks at Scimitar Hill and Hill 60. Control of these hills would have united the Anzac and Suvla fronts, but neither battle achieved success.Its objective was to secure the Royal Navy s oil supply from Persia. He continued with the River War until October 1918, when the British captured the Mosul oil fields, a development that led to the collapse of the Turkish forces.

The Armistice of Mudros with Turkey was signed on 30 October 1918. During the campaign, 100,000 British and Indian casualties were caused.British yeomanry formed part of the ANZAC Mounted Division, Australian Mounted Division and Yeomanry Mounted Divisions. With the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade, mounted troops formed the Desert Column.The War Office responded with a plan to send a force of handpicked British officers and NCOs to organise any remaining Russian forces or civilians who were ready to fight the Turkish forces. It was hoped that Dunsterforce could raise an army from the Christian Georgian, Armenian and Assyrian people who had supported the Russians and had historically feared the Turks.A series of sharp battles against the Arabs ensued at Um Rakhum, Gebel Medwa, and Halazin during December and January. The Western Desert Force, now under Major General William Peyton, reoccupied Sidi Barrani and Sallum in February and March 1916.Those not involved in fighting or occupation duties were demobilised.Retrieved 6 June 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009. Archived from the original PDF on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009. Event occurs at disk 1, lecture 6. ISBN 1598031538. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 October 2006. Retrieved 27 May 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009. The Patterns of War Since the Eighteenth Century.Parliamentary Paper 1921, XX, Cmd.1193. Parliament United Kingdom. Macmillan Press, London.Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0754664678. Field Artillery and Firepower.London Cassell. ISBN 0304362948. Volume III 12th ed.. Canberra Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 10 May 2009. Territorials A Century of Service. Plymouth DRA Publishing.A Nation in Arms A Social Study of the British Army in the First World War. Manchester University Press ND.