Project Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Project Document United Nations Development Programme Country: Myanmar PROJECT DOCUMENT Project title: Myanmar Rural Renewable Energy Development (RURED) Project Country: Implementing Partner: Management Arrangement: Myanmar Department of Rural Development NIM (National Implementation Modality) (DRD), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI) UNDAF/Country Programme 2018-22 Outcome #2: By 2022, Myanmar becomes more resilient to climate and disaster risk with efficient environmental governance and sustainable use of natural resources UNDP Strategic Plan 2018-21 Output 1.5.1 Solutions adopted to achieve universal access to clean, affordable and sustainable energy UNDP Social and Environmental Screening Category: UNDP Gender Marker: 2 High Atlas Project ID (formerly Award ID): 00104187 Atlas Output ID (formerly Project ID): 00105877 UNDP-GEF PIMS ID number: 5564 GEF ID number: 9890 Planned start date: July 2020 Planned end date: June 2025 PAC meeting date: 25 April 2019 Brief project description: The Myanmar Rural Renewable Energy Development (RURED) Project seeks to address the twin challenges of exceptionally low electrification rate in Myanmar, as well as the unsustainably high dependence on high-emission fossil fuels in the country’s energy mix, by means of supporting improvements in the country’s rural energy infrastructure. RURED contributes to the national goals of achieving universal energy access, by supporting the off-grid electrification component of the National Electrification Plan. In doing so, RURED seeks to facilitate expansion of rural renewable energy services and productive applications in Myanmar to avoid greenhouse gas emissions. The investments in off-grid renewable energy systems during project implementation (2019-2024) will lead to cumulative (direct) GHG emissions reduction of 246 kilotons of CO2 (over the investment’s lifetime). De-risking activities and capacity strengthening will catalyse replication in coming years. The Projects seeks to achieve this through the following Outcomes: 1) Effective implementation of enabling policies and regulations at the national and local levels for enhanced RE utilisation for rural productive uses; 2) Awareness and knowledge enhanced of government entities, market enablers and beneficiaries; 3a) Increased investments in rural renewable energy to meet household demand, social services, and productive uses of energy; and 3b) Supporting financial programme formulation. During implementation, in addition to GEF funding of USD 4,934,228, UNDP will contribute with USD 200,000, and the project will be further supported by in-kind and cash contributions to support parallel activities from government partners and other actors (MoALI/DRD, SPM, GIZ) to an amount of USD 37,750,000. Thus, the total resources available for project implementation are USD 42,884,228. 1 | P a g e FINANCING PLAN GEF Trust Fund USD 4,934,228 (1) Total Budget administered by UNDP USD 4,934,228 PARALLEL CO-FINANCING (all other co-financing that is not cash co-financing administered by UNDP) Department of Rural Development (DRD), Ministry of USD 31,250,000 Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI) GIZ (Germany) USD 1,500,000 PACT-Smart Power Myanmar USD 5,000,000 UNDP USD 200,000 (2) Total co-financing USD 37,950,000 (3) Grand-Total Project Financing (1)+(2) USD 42,884,228 SIGNATURES Signature: print name below Agreed by: Date/Month/Year: Signature: print name below Agreed by: Date/Month/Year: Department of Rural Development (DRD), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI) Signature: print name below Agreed by: Date/Month/Year: UNDP Resident Representative 2 | P a g e 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF EXHIBITS ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................... 6 2. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 PROBLEM ANALYSIS AND THE PROJECT’S OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................... 15 3. STRATEGY .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 4. RESULTS AND PARTNERSHIPS ............................................................................................................................ 29 4.1 EXPECTED RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................. 29 4.2 PARTNERSHIPS ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.3 RISKS AND RISKS AND MITIGATION ............................................................................................................................. 43 4.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................... 46 4.5 SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION (SSTRC) ............................................................................................. 49 4.6 MAINSTREAMING GENDER ....................................................................................................................................... 49 4.7 SUSTAINABILITY AND SCALING-UP .............................................................................................................................. 50 5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................... 52 5.1 COST EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS ......................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................................................... 53 6. PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................................ 54 7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) PLAN ................................................................................................... 57 8. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 61 8.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROJECT’S GOVERNANCE MECHANISM ...................................................................... 61 8.2 PROJECT STAFFING AND IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................................. 64 9. FINANCIAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 66 10. TOTAL BUDGET AND WORK PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 69 11. LEGAL CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................ 75 12. RISK MANAGEMENT STANDARD CLAUSES ......................................................................................................... 75 ANNEXES 79 ANNEX A. MULTI-YEAR WORK PLAN ........................................................................................................................... 80 ANNEX B. OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL CONSULTANCIES AND SUBCONTRACTS ............................................................ 82 ANNEX C. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR MAIN PROJECT STAFF ...................................................................................... 85 ANNEX D. GENDER ANALYSIS AND ACTION PLAN ....................................................................................................... 90 D.1 GENDER MAINSTREAMING ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 90 D.2 GENDER ACTION PLAN ............................................................................................................................................. 92 ANNEX E. BASELINE RURAL AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SITUATION IN MYANMAR ..................................................... 96 E.1 ELECTRICITY ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE ..................................................................................................... 96 E.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................... 98 E.3 ELECTRIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................... 99 E.4 STATUS AND PLANS IN OFF-GRID ELECTRIFICATION......................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Rapid Desk Based Study
    RAPID DESK BASED STUDY: Evidence and Gaps in Evidence on the Principle Political Economy Constraints and Opportunities to Successful Investment in Clean Energy in Asia Duke Ghosh and Anupa Ghosh January 2016 This report has been produced by Global Change Research, Kolkata and Department for Economics, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, Kolkata for Evidence on Demand with the assistance of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) contracted through the Climate, Environment, Infrastructure and Livelihoods Professional Evidence and Applied Knowledge Services (CEIL PEAKS) programme, jointly managed by DAI (which incorporates HTSPE Limited) and IMC Worldwide Limited. The views expressed in the report are entirely those of the author and do not necessarily represent DFID’s own views or policies, or those of Evidence on Demand. Comments and discussion on items related to content and opinion should be addressed to the author, via [email protected] Your feedback helps us ensure the quality and usefulness of all knowledge products. Please email [email protected] and let us know whether or not you have found this material useful; in what ways it has helped build your knowledge base and informed your work; or how it could be improved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.january2016.ghoshdetal First published January 2016 © CROWN COPYRIGHT Contents Report Summary ........................................................................................................ iii SECTION 1...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iea Pvps Annual Report 2019 Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme
    Cover photo THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE’S (IOC) NEW HEADQUARTERS’ PV ROOFTOP, BUILT BY SOLSTIS, LAUSANNE SWITZERLAND One of the most sustainable buildings in the world, featuring a PV rooftop system built by Solstis, Lausanne, Switzerland. At the time of its certification in June 2019, the new IOC Headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland, received the highest rating of any of the LEED v4-certified new construction project. This was only possible thanks to the PV system consisting of 614 mono-Si modules, amounting to 179 kWp and covering 999 m2 of the roof’s surface. The approximately 200 MWh solar power generated per year are used in-house for heat pumps, HVAC systems, lighting and general building operations. Photo: Solstis © IOC/Adam Mork COLOPHON Cover Photograph Solstis © IOC/Adam Mork Task Status Reports PVPS Operating Agents National Status Reports PVPS Executive Committee Members and Task 1 Experts Editor Mary Jo Brunisholz Layout Autrement dit Background Pages Normaset Puro blanc naturel Type set in Colaborate ISBN 978-3-906042-95-4 3 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2019 4 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE A warm welcome to the 2019 annual report of the International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Technology Collaboration Programme, the IEA PVPS TCP! We are pleased to provide you with highlights and the latest results from our global collaborative work, as well as relevant developments in PV research and technology, applications and markets in our growing number of member countries and organizations worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Market Assessment of the Off-Grid Sector In
    RAPID MARKET ASSESSMENT OF THE OFF-GRID SECTOR IN MYANMAR USAID BURMA RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT & TRADE ACTIVITY RAPID MARKET ASSESSMENT OF THE OFF-GRID SECTOR IN MYANMAR USAID BURMA RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT & TRADE ACTIVITY Program Title: USAID Burma Responsible Investment & Trade Activity Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Burma Contract Number: 72048220C00001 Contractor: DAI Global, LLC Date of Publication: January 29, 2021 Author: Thura Swiss Co., Ltd. CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS IV 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.1. Background and Objectives 1 1.2. Methodology 2 1.3. Key Findings 2 1.3.1. Recommendations 2 2. OVERVIEW OF THE SECTOR AND KEY TRENDS 3 2.1. Overview of the Sector and Recent Developments 3 2.1.1. Key Sub-Sectors 4 2.2. Key Figures and Geographic Footprint of the Sector 8 2.3. Current and Emerging Trends Driving the Growth of the Sector 12 2.3.1. Solar Power 12 2.3.2. Mini-Hydro Power 14 2.3.3. Biomass Power 14 2.4. Impact of COVID-19 15 3. END MARKET ANALYSIS 16 3.1. Key Domestic Markets 16 3.1.1. Solar Power 16 3.1.2. Mini-Hydro Power 22 3.1.3. Biomass Power 24 3.2. High Growth Potential Market Opportunities 24 4. STRUCTURE OF THE SECTOR AND KEY SUB-SECTORS 26 4.1. Key Value Chain Actors 26 4.2. Value Chain Maps 27 4.2.1. Solar Products Value Chain 27 4.2.2. Solar Mini-Grid Value Chain 29 4.2.3. Rooftop PV Solar System Value Chain 30 4.2.4. Mini-Hydro and Biomass Value Chain 31 4.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Powering Asean Sustainably & Combating Climate Change
    GREEN PUBLICATION 1.0 JULY 2020 POWERING ASEAN SUSTAINABLY & COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE CONTENT 03 Foreword 05 47 Tackling Climate Change Brunei in ASEAN Overview of Renewable Energy 06 Development in Brunei Darussalam What is Climate Change & 48 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cambodia Sunshine and Power Cuts, Cambodia’s 07 Potential in Renewable Energy Latest Developments 68 Across ASEAN: 51 Vietnam Malaysia Indonesia Vietnam says RIP to FiTs: The Birth 08 I. Malaysia’s Crusade in Tackling of Auction Pricing for Solar Power Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles to Purchasing Agreements Greenhouse Gases from Promote Green Energy in Indonesia Electricity Generation 11 II. Moving Towards a Green and Sustainably Powered Nation 54 74 11 SECTION ONE: ASEAN Malaysia’s Journey in Laos Growing Case for Green Finance Renewable Energy Towards the Goal of Becoming the Battery of Southeast Asia Opportunities in ASEAN 14 SECTION TWO: Accelerating the Growth in Renewable Energy Generation 58 78 25 SECTION THREE: Opportunities in Green Increasing Trends in Myanmar Energy Sector in ASEAN Responsible Investment Powering Myanmar with 28 SECTION FOUR: Renewable Energy: The Role of Roadmap for Renewable Energy Solar in Myanmar’s Energy Mix and - Are we headed in the right Opportunities for the Future 79 direction? Glossary of 26 SECTION FIVE: Renewable Energy is the Key to 61 Abbreviations Sustainability and in Combating Climate Change Philippines 30 III. Energy Efficiency - 80 Where Less is More 61 Special guidelines for Green Bonds issued by the Philippine SEC Contact Us 35 IV. Realising Malaysia’s Potential for Leadership in Sustainable Development and Smart Cities 63 New Green Deals: Omnibus Guidelines Passed in the Philippines 81 39 V.
    [Show full text]
  • UNLOCKING the INCLUSIVE GROWTH STORY of the 21ST CENTURY: ACCELERATING CLIMATE ACTION in URGENT TIMES Managing Partner
    UNLOCKING THE INCLUSIVE GROWTH STORY OF THE 21ST CENTURY: ACCELERATING CLIMATE ACTION IN URGENT TIMES Managing Partner Partners Evidence. Ideas. Change. New Climate Economy www.newclimateeconomy.report c/o World Resources Institute www.newclimateeconomy.net 10 G St NE Suite 800 Washington, DC 20002, USA +1 (202) 729-7600 August 2018 Cover photo credit: REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri Current page photo credit: Flickr/Neil Palmer/CIAT Photo credit: Chuttersnap/Unsplash The New Climate Economy The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, and its flagship project the New Climate Economy, were set up to help governments, businesses and society make better-informed decisions on how to achieve economic prosperity and development while also addressing climate change. It was commissioned in 2013 by the governments of Colombia, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The Global Commission, comprising, 28 former heads of government and finance ministers, and leaders in the fields of economics, business and finance, operates as an independent body and, while benefiting from the support of the partner governments, has been given full freedom to reach its own conclusions. The Commission has published three major flagship reports: Better Growth, Better Climate: The New Climate Economy Report, in September 2014; Seizing the Global Opportunity: Partnerships for Better Growth and a Better Climate, in July 2015; and The Sustainable Infrastructure Imperative: Financing Better Growth and Development, in October 2016. The project has also released a number of country reports on Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Uganda, and the United States, as well as various working papers on cities, land use, energy, industry, and finance.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Impacts on Energy Systems
    A WORLD BANK STUDY Climate Impacts on Energy Systems KEY ISSUES FOR ENERGY SECTOR ADAPTATION Jane Ebinger, Walter Vergara WORLD BANK STUDY Climate Impacts on Energy Systems Key Issues for Energy Sector Adaptation Jane Ebinger Walter Vergara Copyright © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 World Bank and ESMAP Studies are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the de- velopment community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. This volume is a product of the staě of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and ESMAP. The ę nd- ings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reĚ ect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. They are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be aĴ ributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its aĜ liated organizations, or to members of its board of executive directors for the countries they represent, or to ESMAP. The World Bank and ESMAP do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, de- nominations, other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status or any territory or the endorsement of acceptance of such boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Yangon University of Economics Master of Development Studies Programme a Study of Hydropower Generation and Gas-Fired Power Ge
    YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME A STUDY OF HYDROPOWER GENERATION AND GAS-FIRED POWER GENERATION IN MYANMAR KO KO SOE EMDevS – 10 (15th BATCH) DECEMBER, 2019 YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME A STUDY OF HYDROPOWER GENERATION AND GAS-FIRED POWER GENERATION IN MYANMAR A thesis submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies (MDevS) Supervised by Submitted by Dr. Cho Cho Thein Ko Ko Soe Professor and Head of Department EMDevS - 10 Department of Economics EMDevS 15th Batch Yangon University of Economics 2017-2019 December, 2019 YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME This is to certify that this thesis entitled “A Study of Hydropower Generation and Gas-fired Power Generation in Myanmar” submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies, has been accepted by Board of Examiners. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Dr. Tin Win Rector, Yangon University of Economics (Chief Examiner) 2. Dr. Ni Lar Myint Htoo Pro-Rector Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 3. Dr. Aye Aye Myint Professor and Head (Retired) Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 4. Dr. Khin Thida Nyein Professor Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 5. Dr. Tha Pye Nyo Professor Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) December, 2019 ABSTRACT Electricity is strategically importance of human beings and correlated with economic developments. Power generation is a root of electrification. The objectives of the study are to examine the current status of hydropower generation and gas-fired power generation in Myanmar, to examine the difficulties and challenges of power generation management and to identify on transmission and distribution losses.
    [Show full text]
  • Yangon University of Economics Master of Public Administration Programme a Study on the Effects of Rural Electrification in Bago
    YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN BAGO REGION (CASE STUDY: INTAGAW TOWNSHIP) PWINT PHYU THINN MPA - 17 (18th BATCH) JULY, 2019 YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN BAGO REGION (CASE STUDY: INTAGAW TOWNSHIP) A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Administration (MPA) Supervised by Submitted by Daw Yin Lei Win Swe Pwint Phyu Thinn Assistant Lecturer Roll No. 17 Department of Applied Economics MPA 18th Batch Yangon University of Economics 2017 - 2019 July, 2019 YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME This is to certify that this thesis entitled “A Study on the Effects of Rural Electrification in Bago Region (Case Study: Intagaw Township)” submitted as a partial fulfilment towards the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Administration has been accepted by the Board of Examiners. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Professor Dr. Tin Win Rector Yangon University of Economics (Chief Examiner) 2. Professor Dr. Ni Lar Myint Htoo Pro-Rector Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 3. Professor Dr. Phyu Phyu Ei Programme Director and Head of Department Department of Applied Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 4. Professor Dr. Tin Tin Wai Professor Department of Applied Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) JULY, 2019 ABSTRACT A study on the effects of rural electrification in the Bago Region is conducted with the aim to investigate the changes in daily lifestyle among rural households after access to electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • By the Way, It Actually Works
    BY THE WAY, IT ACTUALLY WORKS DEBUNKING RENEWABLE ENERGY MYTHS CONTENTS List of abbreviations 3 Renewable energy is a future certainty 4 Myth 1: Renewable energy is expensive 6 Myth 2: There is not enough renewable fuel to satisfy demand 11 Myth 3: Renewable energy is intermittent and does not provide a reliable supply 24 hours a day, 365 days a year 14 Myth 4: Renewables have as many negative environmental impacts as power generated with fossil fuels 18 Myth 5: Nuclear energy is environmentally friendly 24 Myth 6: Transition to renewable energy costs jobs 27 Myth 7: A lack of renewable energy expertise holds back deployment in developing countries 29 Myth 8: Renewable energy is backward technology 33 Renewable energy must be scaled up rapidly everywhere for the benefit of all 36 References 38  2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AUD Australian dollars BAU Business as usual BNEF Bloomberg New Energy Finance CSP Concentrated Solar Power (plant) EPR European Pressurized Reactor, Evolutionary Power Reactor FITs Feed-in-Tariffs GW Gigawatt GSI Global Subsidies Initiative IEA International Energy Agency kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour kWp kilowatt peak (a measure of solar PV installed capacity) LCOE Levelised Cost of Electricity MW Megawatt MWh Megawatt-hour NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions NPV Net present value ODA Official Development Assistance PM Particulate Matter PPAs Power Purchase Agreements PV Photovoltaic R&D Research and development SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index (Germany) SVTC Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition TVO Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (Finnish nuclear power company) UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD US dollars WHO World Health Organization WTO Word Trade Organization 3  RENEWABLE ENERGY IS A FUTURE CERTAINTY After more than 20 years of negotiations, tion from fossil-fuel-based economies to re- world leaders agreed in Paris in December newable-energy-based economies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Universal Registration Document CONTENT
    2020 Universal Registration Document CONTENT PRESENTATION OF VOLTALIA’S 4.7 Service contracts between members 1 of the administrative and management BUSINESS 13 bodies of Voltalia 140 1.1 Key events in the development 4.8 Human resources 142 of the Voltalia Group 14 4.9 Interests and stock options of directors 1.2 Presentation of Voltalia’s activities and officers 142 and business model 16 4.10 Information on the reappointment 1.3 Operational structure of the Voltalia Group 29 of the Statutory Auditors 142 1.4 Market environment 31 4.11 Equity interests of the employees 1.5 Significant contracts 41 in the capital of the Company 142 1.6 Information from third parties, expert opinions 4.12 Statutory auditors’ special report and declarations of interest 43 on regulated party agreements and commitments 143 RISK FACTORS AND RISK 2 MANAGEMENT REPORT 147 MANAGEMENT 45 5 5.1 General presentation of net profit 2.1 Risk management and internal control and financial position 148 procedures 46 5.2 Highlights and events after the closing date 152 2.2 Risk factors 49 5.3 Information on the capital, liquidity 2.3 Main legal proceedings 60 and sources of financing 152 2.4 Insurance 60 5.4 Trends 153 5.5 Earnings projections or estimates 154 5.6 Known trends, uncertainties, commitments or events reasonably likely to influence STATEMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL the Company's outlook 154 3 PERFORMANCE 61 5.7 Significant change in the issuer's financial or trading position 154 3.1 A CSR approach fully integrated into the company’s strategy 62 3.2 Improving the global
    [Show full text]
  • Residential and Commercial Buildings
    6 Residential and commercial1 buildings Coordinating Lead Authors: Mark Levine (USA), Diana Ürge-Vorsatz (Hungary) Lead Authors: Kornelis Blok (The Netherlands), Luis Geng (Peru), Danny Harvey (Canada), Siwei Lang (China), Geoffrey Levermore (UK), Anthony Mongameli Mehlwana (South Africa), Sevastian Mirasgedis (Greece), Aleksandra Novikova (Russia), Jacques Rilling (France), Hiroshi Yoshino (Japan) Contributing Authors: Paolo Bertoldi (Italy), Brenda Boardman (UK), Marilyn Brown (USA), Suzanne Joosen (The Netherlands), Phillipe Haves (USA), Jeff Harris (USA), Mithra Moezzi (USA) Review Editors: Eberhard Jochem (Germany), Huaqing Xu (PR China) This chapter should be cited as: Levine, M., D. Ürge-Vorsatz, K. Blok, L. Geng, D. Harvey, S. Lang, G. Levermore, A. Mongameli Mehlwana, S. Mirasgedis, A. Novikova, J. Rilling, H. Yoshino, 2007: Residential and commercial buildings. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 1 The category of non-residential buildings is referred to by different names in the literature, including commercial, tertiary, public, office, and municipal. In this chapter we con- sider all non-domestic residential buildings under the “commercial” sector. Residential and commercial buildings Chapter 6 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................. 389 6.6 Co-benefits of GHG mitigation in the residential and commercial sectors ............. 416 6.1 Introduction ...................................................... 391 6.6.1 Reduction in local/regional air pollution ............ 416 6.2 Trends in buildings sector emissions .......... 391 6.6.2 Improved health, quality of life and comfort .....
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Photovoltaics for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development by B
    Solar photovoltaics for sustainable agriculture and rural development by B. van Campen, D. Guidi and G. Best 76 pp., 21 tables, 10 text boxes, 6 annexes Environment and Natural Resources Working Paper No. 2 FAO, Rome, 2000 Abstract Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have shown their potential in rural electrification projects around the world, especially concerning Solar Home Systems. With continuing price decreases of PV systems, other applications are becoming economically attractive and growing experience is gained with the use of PV in such areas as social and communal services, agriculture and other productive activities, which can have a significant impact on rural development. There is still a lack of information, however, on the potential and limitations of such PV applications. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact and of the limitations of PV systems on sustainable agriculture and rural development (SARD), especially concerning income-generating activities. It is, in fact, of paramount importance to identify the potential contribution of PV to rural development in order to gain further financial and political commitment for PV projects and programmes and to design appropriate PV projects. One of the main lessons learnt through this study is that success of PV programmes is significantly enhanced when an integrated strategy is followed. Solar photovoltaic systems, through their flexibility in use, offer unique chances for the energy sector to provide “packages” of energy services to remote rural areas such as for rural health care, education, communication, agriculture, lighting and water supply. It is hoped that this document contributes to the generation of ideas and discussions among the different institutions involved in providing these services to rural areas and thereby to an "informed" decision on the PV technology option.
    [Show full text]