DOCSLIB.ORG

Arabicization: Morphological Or Syntactic Phenomenon? Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(3) 63-75

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arabicization: Morphological Or Syntactic Phenomenon? Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(3) 63-75 Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol.4, No.3 Publication Date: Feb. 25, 2017 DoI:10.14738/assrj.43.2678. Nugdalla, M. S., & Ahmed, M. D. (2017). Arabicization: Morphological or Syntactic Phenomenon? Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(3) 63-75. Arabicization: Morphological or Syntactic Phenomenon? Majduldin Sayed Nugdalla Department of European Languages, Faculty of Arts and Humanities King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Department of English & Translation, Faculty of Science & Arts Khulais Branch, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Mahgoub DaFalla Ahmed Department of European Languages, Faculty of Arts and Humanities King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Department of English & Translation, Faculty of Science & Arts Khulais Branch, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ABSTRACT The current study explores the nature oF Arabicization From the viewpoint oF whether it is morphological, syntactic or morpho-syntactic phenomenon. It describes the lexicology of Arabicized words: the structure of words, meaning components and their relations to each other. The study attempts to approach the etymological methods oF entry of lexical items into Arabic as with respect to loan words, derivation and generation and their roles in word-formation processes. Additionally, the study tries to investigate whether derivation processes can work with the Arabicized words. It seeks to establish the diFFerence between the original Arabic words and the Arabicized words on the basis of which concept of Arabicization Formerly and presently shall be approached. It ultimately seeks to pinpoint the Fact pertinent to the eFForts exercised to design a linguistic methodology to handle the Arabicized words along the lines oF original existing Arabic terms. This is carried out with the aim of adjusting poly-term phenomenon chieFly observed in Arabic in having a number of equivalents For a single concept as corresponding to that of the source language. Key words: Al-taᵓrīb, Arabicization, arabicized words, Arabic language 1. INTRODUCTION Arabic language is considered as one of the most predominantly influential languages of the world. It is founded on a rich history and an exuberant heritage in the field of literature, theology and science. The location of the Arabian Peninsula in the crossroads of the great empires and the wealthy cultures of Persia, Greece, and Rome inspires the Arabic language to interact wittingly or unwittingly with the languages of these nations. In addition, factors like invasions, migrations, and trade have disclosed Arabic language to these cultures. These cultures have greatly influenced Arabic and eXposed its words to various processes of formation. One of these processes is Arabicization. The current study describes the phonological, morphological and syntactical adjustment that occurred to foreign words when they were arabicized. Throughout this paper, Arabic is transcribed into Roman script representation, through a certain typographic convention. The eXample of the Persian word ˂ dashit, "the desert", which is arabicized into ˃ dist indicated by the inequality signs: greater than (˂) to indicate the origin word and less than (˃) to indicate the arabicized word, shows the graphemic transliteration (IJMES Transliteration System) which is used in this study. Copyright © Society for Science and Education, United Kingdom 63 Nugdalla, M. S., & Ahmed, M. D. (2017). Arabicization: Morphological or Syntactic Phenomenon? Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(3) 63-75. 2. Some Basic Facts about Arabic Language Morphologically, Arabic language is considered as the most complicated of all languages. Like many other languages, Arabic words are formed from concatenating morphemes using a certain pattern. Hundreds of words can be formed using one root, a few patterns, and a few affixes. Owing to certain morphological patterns including the omission of vowels and the similarity of letters affixed to the stem or the root letters of the language, Arabic throws up a high degree of ambiguity. In many other languages like English for example, the root (base, stem, core) is the morpheme that provides the basic meaning of a word. It is that part of the word, which remains after the removal of affixes. In Arabic, however, the root is not necessarily to be the origin of the word i.e. the original form of the word before any transformation process (Al-Atram, 1990). According to Al-Atram (1990) Arabic prefixes are sets of letters and articles attached to the beginning of the lexical word and written as part of it, while suffixes are sets of letters, articles or pronouns attached to the end of the word and written as part of it. Compared to English, Arabic has fewer affixes, but these affixes exhibit the feature of concatenating with each other in predefined linguistic rules. The removal of prefixes in English is usually counterproductive because it can reverse or otherwise alter the meaning or the grammatical function of the word, but in the Arabic language, the removal of prefixes is not adverse and does not usually give negative meanings of words. 3. What is “Arabicization”? There are three views about Arabicization. The first view, which opposes Arabicization maintains that the overflow of foreign words will disturb the Arabic language and overwhelm it. The second view favors the indiscriminate use of foreign words in the original form, while the third view stands moderate insisting on foreign words being accepted only if there are no equivalents in Arabic. Contrary to the view maintains that Arabicization leads to overflow of foreign words, Arabicization would only lead to the consolidation of the Arabic society and ameliorate it by enhancing its personality and its capacity to think qualitatively. Words borrowed into Arabic language are of two types: “Al-Mũrrab” "Arabicized" and “Addakhīl” "loan". Arabicization is derived from the word "Arabic", the language spoken by Arabs. To 'arabicize' means to transfer, transcript or transcribe a non-Arabic script into Arabic. Arabicizing" a foreign word is the process of fitting it in to suit the rules of Arabic language. Arabic language stipulates two conditions while assimilating words from other languages. The first condition is that the word needs to be arabicized must not be a part of the original Arabic lexicon. Examples for this type are found in the new scientific inventions and discoveries such as the word “mobile”. The second condition is that these new words have to merge with the morphological and phonological systems of the Arabic language. Many linguists have tried to define Arabicization “Al-taᵓrīb”. A common definition for Arabicization is the assimilation of foreign terminology through borrowing or translating. Al- Mŭrrab is used be the Arabs to explain certain meanings in other languages. Accordingly, Sebaweyeh (1983) defined “al-Mŭrrab” as words used by the Arabs for meanings that are not found in Arabic language. In the same vein, Al-Zubaidi (1966: 8, 226) and As-Sŭti (1906) in 'Al- Mizhir' agreed with Sebaweyeh, noting the arabicized word is the word used by the Arabs for meanings in other languages. In his book, ‘Al-khasais’, Ibn Jinni (1951: 358), who followed Sibawayeh, stated that any borrowed word agrees with the morphological pattern of Arabic language is treated as Arabic word. However, Al-Tha'albi (1038) in ‘Fiqih Al-lŭqa’ (p. 198,199) noted, when the Arabs derive from foreign words, they violate the morphological pattern of URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.43.2678. 64 Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.4, Issue3 Feb-2017 Arabic language. Al-Jawahri (1978) Pointed out, for the foreign word to be arabicized, it has to be used and rePeated by the Arabs in their daily sPeech. According to Al-Khafaji (1998) “Al- taᵓrīb” "Arabicization" is transferring the foreign lexeme into Arabic language. The author of ‘Al-Misbah Al-Munir’, Alfayumi (1993: 2-4) defined the arabicized word as what entered the Arabic language from another language as an indefinite word and adjusted to coPe with the Arabic morPhological Pattern. Recently, Saydi (1985) has defined Arabicization as follows: “It refers to lexical expansion which involves the rendering or coinage of new words either from existing roots, or through translation of foreign terms, and the adoption of already existing words through borrowing from foreign words through borrowing from foreign languages or reviving and revitalization of older usage in the same language.” Ghoniem (1989: 37-80) Pointed out three meanings for Arabicization 1) the use of loan words after have been adjusted to the morPhological and Phonological Patterns of Arabic language, 2) direct translation from foreign languages into Arabic "calque", and 3) a constitutional process which refers to the efforts undertaken by the Arabic language academies as an attempt to urge Arabic to be used at individual, national and international levels as a language of thought and science, which is beyond the scope of this study. Khulusi (2000), differentiated between Arabicization and translation, considering Arabicization is merely transliterating a foreign term according to Arabic characters 'transliteration' or 'transcription', whereas he defined translation as transferring the meaning and the style from one language into another. 4. The Concept of Arabicization The concePt of Arabicization has been develoPed through time and it has acquired many other connotations. These develoPments have
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ECFG-Qatar-Feb-19.Pdf
    About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: Qatari boy participates in traditional sword dance at Al Udeid AB). The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 “Culture General” provides ECFG the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on the Arab Gulf States. NOTE: While the term Persian Gulf is common in the US, this guide uses the name preferred in the region, the Arabian Gulf. Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Qatar Qatari society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre- deployment training (Photo: Qataris serve Arabic coffee to Lt Gen Jeffrey Harrigan, Commander US Air Forces Central). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Arabic Heritage Learners and Their Community
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) “SPEAK AMERICAN!” OR LANGUAGE, POWER AND EDUCATION IN DEARBORN, MICHIGAN: A CASE STUDY OF ARABIC HERITAGE LEARNERS AND THEIR COMMUNITY BY KENNETH KAHTAN AYOUBY Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Education, the University of Port Elizabeth, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor Educationis Promoter: Prof. Susan van Rensburg, Ph.D. The University of Port Elizabeth November 2004 ABSTRACT This study examines the history and development of the “Arabic as a foreign language” (AFL) programme in Dearborn Public Schools (in Michigan, the United States) in its socio-cultural and political context. More specifically, this study examines the significance of Arabic to the Arab immigrant and ethnic community in Dearborn in particular, but with reference to meanings generated and associated to Arabic by non- Arabs in the same locale. Although this study addresses questions similar to research conducted on Arab Americans in light of anthropological and sociological theoretical constructs, it is, however, unique in examining education and Arabic pedagogy in Dearborn from an Arab American studies and an educational multi-cultural perspective, predicated on/and drawing from Edward Said’s critique of Orientalism, Paulo Freire’s ideas about education, and Henry Giroux’s concern with critical pedagogy. In the American mindscape, the "East" has been the theatre of the exotic, the setting of the Other from colonial times to the present. The Arab and Muslim East have been constructed to represent an opposite of American culture, values and life.
    [Show full text]
  • Baghdad, 10Th Century the Dress of a Non-Muslim Woman
    Baghdad, 10th Century The Dress of a non-Muslim woman The Rise of Islam in Medieval Society and its Influence on Clothing In order to understand and create the clothing of a 10th century woman in an Islamic State, it is incredibly important to understand how the advent of Islam affected day to day dress in Arabic society. It did not in fact create a new style of clothing, but instead it modified the styles of dress that were popular in the 6th and 7th centuries, many of which were influenced by Hellenic and Persian dress. As the progression of Islamic moral sensibilities became more and more impressed upon society, so too did the desire to keep much of the clothing simple, functional and suitable to the environment. Within the Early Islamic era (570-632 C.E) piety and morality were strongly impressed. Adornment was thought to be too ostentatious and fine fabrics and textiles considered inappropriate for a follower of Islam. During this time, one very important and identifiable change to clothing was created. It was considered against Islam if your clothing trailed the ground or if the basic under garments were past the ankle in length. “The Prophet said (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Isbaal (wearing one’s garment below the ankles) may apply to the izaar (lower garment), the shirt or the turban. Whoever allows any part of these to trail on the ground out of arrogance, Allaah will not look at him on the Day of Judgment”. (reported by Abu Dawud, no 4085, and al-Nisaa’I in al-Mujtabaa, Kitab (al-Zeenah,Baab Isbaal al-Izaar) These hadiths are small collections of reports and statements of what The Prophet Muhammad was observed to say were written by his closest echelon of courtiers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Costume Dictionary
    The Complete Costume Dictionary Elizabeth J. Lewandowski The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2011 Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2011 by Elizabeth J. Lewandowski Unless otherwise noted, all illustrations created by Elizabeth and Dan Lewandowski. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewandowski, Elizabeth J., 1960– The complete costume dictionary / Elizabeth J. Lewandowski ; illustrations by Dan Lewandowski. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8108-4004-1 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-7785-6 (ebook) 1. Clothing and dress—Dictionaries. I. Title. GT507.L49 2011 391.003—dc22 2010051944 ϱ ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America For Dan. Without him, I would be a lesser person. It is the fate of those who toil at the lower employments of life, to be rather driven by the fear of evil, than attracted by the prospect of good; to be exposed to censure, without hope of praise; to be disgraced by miscarriage or punished for neglect, where success would have been without applause and diligence without reward.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vocabulary of Eastern Arabia
    xv THE VOCABULARY OF EASTERN ARABIA Introduction Two geographical features are shared by all the Gulf States: desert hinterlands stretching away into central Arabia, from which they are separated by no natural border, and long, shallow-shelved coastlines which afford easy marine access. It would be hard to underestimate the formative significance of these two factors on the culture and language of the Gulf littoral. For millennia, the absence of natural barriers has facilitated easy movement into and out of eastern Arabia, and the cultural, linguistic and political history of the city-states of the Gulf littoral is the synergistic result of population and trade movements along these two vectors. On the one hand, the land vector has for centuries (most recently in the 18th) carried new infusions of tribal blood from the centre of Arabia to the periphery, providing the bedrock of Gulf Arabic vocabulary, which gradually evolved to reflect the different material conditions and life-style of the sedentary life of the coast. On the other hand, the sea has brought a succession of short- lived and long-term foreign cultural and linguistic influences, beginning with the Sumerians five millennia ago, and continuing virtually unbroken with the Babylonians, Persians, Indians, Portuguese, up to the arrival of the British in the 19th century. A glance at the list of languages which have contributed to the present-day vocabulary of the Bahrain dialects (see ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS) illustrates both the impressive time-depth and geographical diversity of these influences. Even if it were feasible, it would be beyond the scope of this introductory essay (and the abilities of the present writer) to attempt an exact periodisation of the development of Arabic dialects of Bahrain, let alone the region as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Animate Paintings Executed on Qajar Ceramic Vessels and Tiles in Light of the Collection Preserved in King Faisal Museum
    December 2018 West East Journal of Social Sciences- Volume 7 Number 3 ANIMATE PAINTINGS EXECUTED ON QAJAR CERAMIC VESSELS AND TILES IN LIGHT OF THE COLLECTION PRESERVED IN KING FAISAL MUSEUM Al-Jawhara bint Abdulaziz Al-Saadoon Abstract The pieces depict many themes that include animate things, human and animal, portraits, open air landscape, and birds on tree branches. The paintings were executed on undercoat multi-color ceramic pieces that were divided into ceramic vessels and tiles. The main questions of the study are as follows: How do the animate paintings reflect the history of the Qajar rulers, whether strong or weak? Did the Qajar artists manage to mirror the reality of costumes and headwear of the age? Do King Faisal Museum models reflect the artistic taste of ceramic painting in different periods of the Qajar rule? What are the artistic features of Qajar animate paintings as depicted in the researched pieces of study? Did the Mongol origins of the Qajar rulers influence their animate paintings in view of the collection models studied? Keywords: Animate paintings, ceramic vessels, king faisal museum. Introduction Qajars are a sect of the Mongol (Mogul/Mughal) race, and some historians trace their origin to Qajar Nuyan son of the Mongol Sertaq Nuyan who was among the troops of Hulagu Khan invaded Iran (Abd Al-Ghani, 2011, p. 1). It is known that the Qajar tribe was one of the most prominent seven tribes that paved the way for Shah Ismail I to establish the Safavid state which lasted nearly two hundred and forty years (Abd Al-Ghani, 2011, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Borrowing in Commercial and Scientific Modern English Elvira Pérez Iglesias Universidad De Salamanca
    BIBLID 1133-1127 (2008) p. 209-220 Asian Borrowing in Commercial and Scientific Modern English Elvira Pérez Iglesias Universidad de Salamanca ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper is to show the introduction of Asian loanwords in commercial and scientific Modern English. There are several reasons why English speakers might want to adopt a foreign word. The simplest one is that the word is the name for something new, which is often the case in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The definitions and etymologies of the loanwords selected together with the date and work where they are first registered are extracted from the OED. Key words: asian, borrowing, commercial, scientific, Modern English. RESUMEN El propósito principal de este artículo es mostrar la introducción de préstamos asiáticos en el Inglés Moderno comercial y científico. Hay varias razones por las que los hablantes ingleses podrían querer adoptar un extranjerismo. La más simple es que el vocablo es la denominación de algo nuevo, que suele ser el caso en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Las definiciones y etimologías de los préstamos seleccionados, junto con la fecha y obra donde se registran por primera vez, se extraen del OED. Palabras clave: asiático, préstamo, comercial, científico, Inglés Moderno. Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos Nos 13 y 14 (2007 y 2008) 209 The late eighteenth century and much of the nineteenth century saw the con- tinued expansion of the British Empire, a period when earlier colonialism truly became an age of imperialism. Captain Cook explored the Pacific during this transitional time. The heyday of the Empire —on which the sun never set— was clearly the second half of the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • India and the Contemporary World -1I
    Social Science India and the Contemporary World -1I Textbook of History for Class X Social Science India and the Contemporary World -1I Textbook of History for Class X Jammu & Kashmir Board Of School Education # No part of this book may be reproduced, First Edition stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, November 2019 in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. # This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re- sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published without the written consent of the publisher. Cover and Layout Showkat A Baba Professional Graphics Srinagar / 9419974394 Social Science FOREWORD urriculum updating is a continuous process and hence the J&K Board of School Education has brought out the revised Ccurricula for different classes. Social Science is of crucial importance because it helps learners in understanding environment in its broader perspective. This Textbook of Social Science aims at enabling students to develop critical understanding of society and to lay a foundation for an analytical and creative mindset. Change in the textbook entails the change in the content and pedagogical practice of curriculum. Main objective of this change is to enable the children to understand the society and the world in which we live as well as understand socio- economic developments and changes. Learning of History aims at the cultivation of a scientiic and humanistic approach and forward outlook towards life.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and the Remaking of Islamic "Tradition" in a Sudanese Village
    Gender, Culture, and Capitalism: Women and the Remaking of Islamic "Tradition" in a Sudanese Village VICTORIA BERNAL University of California, Irvine Have women in third-world societies been made second-class citizens by colonialism, incorporation into the capitalist world economy, and class forma- tion? Or are women relegated to less prestigious and less economically re- warding roles by patriarchal ideologies and practices the origins of which lie in indigenous cultures? Much of the anthropological scholarship on women can be divided between those who emphasize the relative importance of capitalism (for example, Leacock 1981; Nash and Fernandez-Kelly 1983; Boserup 1970) and those who emphasize culture (for example, Ortner and Whitehead 1981; Schlegel 1990; Rosaldo 1974) as determinants of gender roles and relations. In few areas of scholarship has the view that culture is the overriding determinant of women's lives so predominated as in the case of North Africa and the Middle East. Islamic culture is often perceived as somehow frozen in place where women are concerned. Friedl, for example, sees Iranian women as constrained by vestigial traditions: Women have a lot of free time at hand and few acceptable ways of spending it productively because the parameters of good conduct are still defined by the tradition- al, now dysfunctional, labor-divided mixed agricultural production ethic (1981:16). And Fatima Merissi (1985:218) asks, "Why is the very dynamic Arab world so static when it comes to sex roles?"' Observers of North African and Middle Eastern societies generally see Islam as the primary determinant of women's status and the obstacle to social and economic changes which might Field work for this article was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Social Science Research Council, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Kirkland Endowment.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction Similarities of Traditional Arabic Costume and the Indian Salwar-Kameez Monisha Kumar and Amita Walia
    Textiles and Clothing Research Centre e-Journal Volume 2, Issue 3, February 2018, pp. 7-13 Construction Similarities of Traditional Arabic Costume and the Indian Salwar-Kameez Monisha Kumar and Amita Walia The origin of SalwarKameez cannot be exactly isolated in one country. With the emergence of Islam in the Middle East and Arab peninsula, the style of clothing was clearly defined for both men and women. The Shalwar (Persian), Šalvr (Turkish), Sirwl (Arabic) is a form of baggy trousers fastened by a drawstring at the waist. The word ‘Kameez’ is originally Arabic and is sometimes spelt as Qameezor Qamis. This is used to describe a shirt usually of varied lengths. Therefore it can be easily interpreted that the origin of the garment SalwarKameez is either Persian or Arabic. It has been recorded and well documented in the history of costumes that the draped garments have been predominant in the Indian subcontinent throughout history. By the end of Gupta period, stitched garments like the Choli and Ghagra were being used; still the royalty continued wearing the draped garments- Antariya and Uttariya. The slave dynasty, during the 1100AD, introduced bifurcated garments both for men and women in the Indian subcontinent. Following the Afghan and Mughal invasions, there were significant changes in the costumes for both men and women. The present day SalwarKameez, popular as one of the traditional Indian costume, traces back its origin to the Persian influence which was brought to India by the Mughals who followed Islam. Traditional Arabic Costumes The Middle East (Fig. 1) consists of seventeen countries and Iran (Persia) is one of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Baghdad, 10Th Century Durra'a
    Baghdad, 10th Century The Dress of a non-Muslim woman The Rise of Islam in Medieval Society and its Influence on Clothing In order to understand and create the clothing of a 10th century woman in an Islamic State, it is incredibly important to understand how the advent of Islam affected day to day dress in Arabic society. It did not in fact create a new style of clothing, but instead it modified the styles of dress that were popular in the 6th and 7th centuries, many of which were influenced by Hellenic and Persian dress. As the progression of Islamic moral sensibilities became more and more impressed upon society, so too did the desire to keep much of the clothing simple, functional and suitable to the environment. Within the Early Islamic era (570-632 C.E) piety and morality were strongly impressed. Adornment was thought to be too ostentatious and fine fabrics and textiles considered inappropriate for a follower of Islam. During this time, one very important and identifiable change to clothing was created. It was considered against Islam if your clothing trailed the ground or if the basic under garments were past the ankle in length. “The Prophet said (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Isbaal (wearing one’s garment below the ankles) may apply to the izaar (lower garment), the shirt or the turban. Whoever allows any part of these to trail on the ground out of arrogance, Allaah will not look at him on the Day of Judgment”. (reported by Abu Dawud, no 4085, and al-Nisaa’I in al-Mujtabaa, Kitab (al-Zeenah,Baab Isbaal al-Izaar) These hadiths are small collections of reports and statements of what The Prophet Muhammad was observed to say were written by his closest echelon of courtiers.
    [Show full text]
  • “Islamic” Dress? Evidence from the Internet Generation
    KHIL{A 3 (2007-2009), pp. 1-16. doi: 10.2143/KH.3.0.2066219 Is There an “Islamic” Dress? Evidence from the Internet Generation Heather Marie AKOU Indiana University Get your Islamic clothing direct from Saudi Arabia, the Holy Land of Islam. Highly trusted by customers around the world since 1999. www.desertstore.com Famous for creating unique designs, SHUKR was the first to introduce contemporary styled Islamic clothing for a new generation. www.shukronline.com In 1999, desertstore.com registered with the Jeddah family from Lebanon to Australia, produces “spe- Chamber of Commerce and became the first cialized sportswear to suit the Muslim female.” e-commerce business based in Saudi Arabia1. In 1995, for a chapter in Dress and Ethnicity, Within just a few years, Saudi Arabian Airlines con- Joanne Eicher and Barbara Sumberg recognized tracted the company to supply its official uniforms. items of dress such as “jeans, sweatshirts, T-shirts, It was also chosen to be an official costume supplier trench coats, parkas, trousers, skirts, blouses, shirts, for the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar (which blazers, business suits, school uniforms, and athletic attracted hundreds of athletes from 45 countries). shoes” as being part of a “world fashion” system that By 2007, Desert Store was one of the largest online originated in the West5. In this article I ask the retailers of Islamic clothing in the world, reaching question, “Does a similar system exist in the Islamic customers in 118 countries with websites in English world? And if so, what are the parameters?” Are and French.
    [Show full text]