GUIDELINES FOR MANAGINGFOR POST-DISASTER Case Study: Padang, West Sumatra Case Study: Padang, West CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION
GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS CER Indonesia Indonesia lies on the ring of fire. This has called Conservation Post-Disaster Managing for Guidelines for strengthened preparedness when faced with various disasters such as tsunami earthquake, volcanic and eruptions, other mitigation natural efforts, ranging from disasters. strengthening disaster preparedness, emergency Numerous response activities, to post- rehabilitation disaster and recovery, reconstruction have been conducted. of Heritage Buildings is a strategic reference to assist the community during implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction of its heritage buildings. experience Padang provides a positive advocates inspiration and to conservators those of heritage buildings other regions in of Indonesia, and contributes a valuable insight for global heritage movement. ISBN 978-602-8756-19-8 GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS
Case Study: Padang, West Sumatra GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS
Advisors: I Gede Ardika, Dorodjatun Kuntjoro Jakti, Pia Alisjahbana, Hashim Djojohadikusumo
Coordinator: Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh
Development/Compilation Team: Punto Wijayanto (Coordinator) Dyah Arnawati Jonny Wongso Aristia Kusuma Rini Afrimayetti
Edited by: Laretna T. Adishakti, Hasti Tarekat, Nadia Rinandi, Suhadi Hadiwinoto, Eko Alvarez Zaidulfar
Translator: Indonesian Heritage Trust/Dwi Anggorowati Indrasari
This guidelines is translated into English from its original document in Bahasa Indonesia entitled ‘Pedoman Penanganan Pelestarian Bangunan Pusaka Pasca Bencana’
Cover: Pusaka-BPPI
ISBN: 978-602-8756-19-8
Published by: INDONESIAN HERITAGE TRUST (BPPI/Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia)
First Printing: August 2011 GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS Before the Earthquake After the Earthquake
Foreword
ndonesia lies on the ring of re. is has called for 15 October 2009, conducted by BPPI and its partners strengthened preparedness when faced with various and supported by Prince Claus Fund and International disasters such as earthquake, volcanic eruptions, National Trusts Organisation, reported that out of Itsunami and other natural disasters. Numerous 274 heritage buildings, 129 heavily damaged, 77 mitigation e orts, ranging from strengthening disaster moderately damaged, 51 slightly damaged, and 17 preparedness, emergency response activities, to Post- in safe conditions (no damages). Due to the existing Disaster recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction condition and concerns for any rehabilitation and have been conducted. reconstruction activities that may further harm the A comprehensive approach to implement such heritage buildings, we hope that this Guidelines for e orts is necessary. We hope that focus of activities will Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage include rehabilitation of heritage assets such as heritage Buildings, Case Study: Padang will be useful for buildings, heritage characters and markers as well as managing conservation of heritage buildings in Padang rehabilitation of intangible cultural heritage activities Old Town quarters such as Batang Arau, Pasa Gadang such as practices of traditions, arts and indigenous and other heritage quarters. culture. We would like to express our sincere appreciation ere is a tremendous threat to damaged heritage and gratitude to Prince Claus Fund’s Cultural buildings when they undergo rehabilitation and Emergency Response programme for their support transformation into new buildings without taking for the Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment and for into consideration their heritage values. In this regard, the publication of this Guidelines for Managing Post- guidelines for managing Post-Disaster conservation Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings jointly of heritage buildings serves as practical guide for supported by World Monument Fund. implementing rehabilitation and integration of We encourage and welcome any inputs on the heritage buildings in harmony with the environment. content and writing of this guidelines to be considered e City of Padang overcame several earthquakes for the improvement of the guidelines in the future. of fairly high magnitudes on the Richter scale. e earthquake on 30 September 2009 destroyed many I Gede Ardika of heritage buildings in Padang. Damaged Heritage Chairman, Indonesian Heritage Trust Rapid Assessment in Padang and Pariaman from 10 to (BPPI/Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings vii
Table of Contents
Foreword vii Table of Contents ix List of Pictures xv List of Tables xvii List of Case Studies xviii Glossary and Abbreviation xix Contributors xx
INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY OF PADANG
Overview of the City of Padang 1 A. Development of the City of Padang 1 A.1. Origin of the City of Padang 1 A.2. e Arrival of Dutch 2 A.3. At the Time of Independence 4
B. Padang Old Town as Heritage Quarter 6 B.1. Development of Early Settlement 6 B.2. Padang Old Town Heritage Quarter 7
C. Architectural Styles in Padang Old Town Quarter 10 C.1. Dutch Style of Architecture 11 C.2. Chinese Style of Architecture 11
D. e Impact of Disaster to Padang Old Town Quarter 12
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 17 I.1. Why It is Important to Conserve Heritage? 17 I.1.1. De nitions of Heritage and Conservation 17 I.1.2. Conservation Development at the International and National Levels 18 I.1.3. Heritage Conservation Activities and Forms 25
I.2. Why Do We Have to Prepare for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? 30 I.2.1. What is Disaster? 30 I.2.2. What is the Impact of Disaster on Heritage Buildings? 31 I.2.3. Why is Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Important? 32 I.2.4. Why Do We Need Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? 33 I.2.5. Background information on the Establishment of Heritage Emergency Response 33
I.3. How to Use the Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? 34 I.3.1. Who is the Target Reader for the Guidelines? 34 I.3.2. What is the Objectives of the Guidelines? 34 I.3.3. What is the Scope of the Guidelines? 34 I.3.4. What are the Guidelines’ Legal and Normative References? 35
I.4. Managing Folk Heritage in Post-Disaster Situations 36 I.4.1. What is Folk Heritage? 36 I.4.2. Safeguarding Folk Heritage in Post-Disaster Situations 36 I.4.3. Why Do We Need Technical Guidelines for Conservation? 38
x Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings CHAPTER II GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS 39 II.1. What are the Phases for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? 39 II.2. What is Preparedness Phase? 39 II.3. What is Emergency Response Phase? 39 II.4. What is Recovery Phase? 39
CHAPTER III PROCEDURES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS DURING PREPAREDNESS PHASE 41 III.1. What are the Necessary Preparations during the Preparedness Phase? 41 III.1.1. Establishment of Heritage Emergency Response Team 41 III.1.2. Preparing Training Modules for Heritage Emergency Response Team 41 III.1.3. Fund Raising 41 III.2. What are the Programmes of Emergency Response Team during Preparedness Phase? 42 III.2.1. Training 42 III.2.2. Inventory Update 42 III.3. What are the Preparations by Owners during Preparedness Phase? 44 III.3.1. Heritage Building Assessment 44 III.3.2. Heritage Buildings Maintenance 44 III.3.3. Heritage Buildings’ Structure Enhancement (if Necessary) 45
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings xi CHAPTER IV PROCEDURES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS DURING EMERGENCY RESPONSE 47 IV.1. Necessary Preparation during Emergency Response Phase? 47 IV.1.1. Fund Raising 47 IV.1.2. Heritage Emergency Response Team Mobilization and Information Dissemination on its Activities 47 IV.2. What are the Activities of Heritage Emergency Response Team during Emergency Response Phase? 48 IV.2.1. Developing Document on Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment 48 IV.2.2 Developing Action Plan Document for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 51
IV.3. What are the Activities of Citizens during Emergency Response Phase? 53 IV.3.1. Inventory and Identi cation of Building Components 53 IV.3.2. Cleaning the Building 53 IV.3.3. e Salvage of Building Architectural Components 53 IV.3.4. Temporary Structural Stabilization 54 IV.3.5. Action Plan Development 54
IV.4. What is a Way Forward after We have the Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment and Action Plan Documents? 54
CHAPTER V PROCEDURES FOR POST-DISASTER RESTORATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS 57 V.1. Necessary Preparation during Recovery Phase 57 V.1.1. Fund Raising 57 V.1.2. Mobilization of Heritage Emergency Response Team and Conservation Experts and Other Relevant Experts 57
xii Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings V.2. Activities of Heritage Emergency Response Team during Recovery Phase 57 V.2.1. Compiling Documentation on Heritage Buildings Development (History of Heritage Buildings) 57 V.2.2. Technical Document Writing 57 V.2.3. Conservation Management Plan Document Writing 58 V.2.4. Implementation Document Writing 60 V.2.5. Conservation Management Implementation Monitoring 63 V.2.6. Apply for Permits and Seek for Advise from Relevant Authorities 63
V.3. e Role of Heritage Building Owners during Recovery Phase 63 V.3.1. Involvement during Conservation Management Implementation 63 V.3.2. Involvement in Maintenance 64 V.3.3. Involvement in Heritage Buildings Utilization 64
V.4. Technical Examples of Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings during Recovery Phase 65 V.4.1. Structural Work 65 V.4.2. Architectural Work 67
CHAPTER VI SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 75 VI.1. What is Sustainable Heritage Building Management? 75 VI.2. What are the Steps to Promoting Sustainable Management? 75 VI.2.1. Establishment of Concerned Citizens Group 75 VI.2.2. Enhancing Government Roles 75 VI.2.3. Enhancing Involvement of Heritage Organisations 76
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings xiii EPILOG 79
ANNEXES 1. Table of Inventory and Damaged Heritage Buildings Rapid Assessment in Post-Disaster the City of Padang 2009 81 2. Reference Matrix of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment 154 3. Technical Guidelines for Measurement and Drawing of Heritage Buildings 155 4. Format for Basic Data of Heritage Buildings 160 5. Indonesian Charter for Heritage Conservation 161
xiv Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings List of Pictures
1. Geographical Position of the City of Padang on West Coast of Sumatra Island 2. Early Development of the City of Padang started from the Construction of Batang Arau Old River Port 3. Padang Map year 1667 4. Ganting Grand Mosque 5. NV Jacobson van den Berg 6. Temple and Buildings Dominating a Chinese Settlement 7. Identi cation Diagram 8. Padang City Hall 9. St. Leo Monastery 10. See Hin Kiong Temple 11. Di erent Styles of Shophouses in Padang Old Town Quarter 12. Information on Padang Earthquake 13. Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment Mapping in the City of Padang 14. Priority Buildings to Conserve Based on Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment 15. West Sumatra Cultural Landscape 16. Heritage area of the City of Padang 17. e Indonesian Wayang inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity 18. Indonesian Network for Heritage Conservation (JPPI/Jaringan Pelestariaan Pusaka Indonesia) Activities 19. Establishment of Indonesian Heritage Cities Network (JKPI/Jaringan Kota Pusaka Indonesia) 20. Example of Heritage Area Conservation Plan 21. Example of Heritage Buildings Design Analysis in the City of Padang 2009 22. Technical Guidelines Position in the Phases of Heritage Buildings Conservation Management Cycle in Post-Disaster Situation 23. Phases of Heritage Buildings Conservation Management Cycle in Post-Disaster Situation 24. Documentation on Damaged Heritage Buildings
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings xv 25. Technical Studies on Conservation Management Plan 26. Documentation for Damaged Heritage Building Components 27. Documentation for Components of Damaged Wall 28. Documentation on St. Leo Monastery Conservation Management Process 29. Example of Damaged Bearing Wall without Reinforced Columns 30. Wall Restoration: Epoxy Injection for the Rehabilitation of St. Leo Monastery 31. Reinforced Wall using Hexagonal Wire Mesh for the Rehabilitation of St. Leo Monastery 32. Damaged Floor and its Restoration for the Rehabilitation of St. Leo Monastery 33. Example of Floor using the Old Floor Covering Material 34. Example of Wood Wall Panels 35. Wall Scraping and Cleaning before Painting 36. Example of Wall Reliefs in Dutch Architectural Style 37. A Number of Door and Window Frames Style in Chinese Shophouses 38. Door and Window Panels Cleaning before Repainting 39. Example of Stained Glass Window 40. Wood Ceiling in Chinese Shophouses 41. Example of Unique Elements of the Roof
xvi Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings List of Tables
1. List of Immovable Cultural Heritage Objects and/or Sites in West Sumatra Province 2. Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment in the City of Padang 3. UNESCO Paradigm Shift in Heritage Conservation, 2004 4. Law No. 24/2007 concerning Post-Disaster Conservation Management of Heritage Buildings 5. Law No. 10/2011 concerning Post-Disaster Conservation Management of Heritage Buildings 6. Assessment Reference on Types of Damages to Heritage Buildings 7. Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings xvii List of Case Studies
1. Impact of Earthquake on Heritage Buildings 2. Emergency Response Phase Does Not Include Heritage Rescue 3. Establishment of Heritage Emergency Response Team 4. Needs and Criteria of Required Maps 5. Documenting Original Structural Drawings of Heritage Buildings 6. Documenting by Writing and Drawing 7. Heritage Buildings Maintenance 8. Heritage Emergency Response Coordination Post in Padang 9. Map of Heritage Buildings Distribution in Padang Old Town Quarter 10. Physical Condition of St. Leo Monastery Building in Padang Old Town Quarter 11. Preliminary Measurement of St. Leo Monastery 12. Building Cleaning Process 13. Storage of Building Architectural Components 14. Reinforced with Temporary Structure 15. Information dissemination on the Outcome of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment 16. Detailed Reconstruction Measuring and Drawing for Jam Gadang (Grand Clock Tower) 17. Observation of Damaged Heritage Buildings Components 18. Conservation of Damaged Heritage Buildings Components 19. Utilising Authentic or Proper Materials 20. Heritage Buildings Utilisation 21. Role of Heritage Organisations
xviii Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Glossary and Abbreviation
BCB Cultural Heritage Objects BNPB National Agency for Disaster Management BP3 Archaeological Conservation O ce BPBD Regional Agency for Disaster Management BPPI Indonesian Heritage Trust DED Detailed Engineering Design IAI Indonesian Architect Association ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property IMB Building Construction Permit INTO International National Trusts Organisation JHS Jogja Heritage Society JPPI Indonesian Network for Heritage Conservation MRBP Heritage Disaster Risk Management OPP Heritage Conservation Organisation PCF Prince Claus Fund DHRA Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment PDA Centre for Architecture Documentation PHI Indonesian Green Map RAB Budget Plan RKS Work Plan and Conditions HER Heritage Emergency Response UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Organisation WHC World Heritage Centre WMF World Monument Fund AHC/YKLPA Aceh Heritage Community/Yayasan Komunitas Lestari Pusaka Aceh
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings xix Contributors
1. Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI/Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia) 2. Pusat Studi Konservasi Arsitektur (Pusaka)/Architectural Conservation Study Centre, Padang 3. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bung Hatta, Padang 4. Centre for Heritage Conservation (CHC), Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 5. Jogja Heritage Society (JHS) 6. Pusat Dokumentasi Arsitektur (PDA)/Centre for Architecture Documentation 7. Balai Pelestarian & Peninggalan Purbakala (BP3)/Archaeological Conservation O ce , Batusangkar
xx Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY OF PADANG
A. Overview of the City of Padang inhabited by shermen, salt farmers and traders. Padang was not considered signi cant at the time A.1. Development of the City of Padang because the Minang mostly perform their trading Padang A word derives from ethnic Minang via the east coast on big rivers crossing the interior pedang lapangan word (sword), also to show ( eld) of Sumatra. But when trading competition with where the city is situated. e City of Padang is foreign traders, wars and piracy increased in the one of the cities lies on the west coast of Sumatra Strait of Malacca, the route was not save anymore, Island. so trading route started to shift to the west coast th According to historical records before 17 of Sumatra Island. century, the City of Padang was a shing village
Picture 1. Geographical Position of the City of Padang on the West Coast of Sumatra Island (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 1 According to local genealogy (tambo), the old A.2. The Arrival of Dutch town quarter was a part of migrant settlement area e Dutch came after Padang due to its calm established by Minangkabau migrants, indigenous and wide estuary and its cool air. Padang was to the highlands of West Sumatra (darek). First under Dutch rule in 1660 after an agreement settlement was hamlets along the south bank of with the young King of Pagaruyung. Seven years the Batang Arau (Arau River) which is now known later, the Dutch built a headquarter o ce (known as Seberang Padang. as Loji) which served as both a warehouse and a Acehnese was the rst settlers after Malacca was prison (tangsi). e Dutch started controlling conquered by Portuguese at the end of XVI century. neighbouring areas for security reasons. Since then, Pantai Tiku (Tiku Beach), Pariaman and Since the arrival of Vereenigde Oost Indische Inderapura under the young king of Pagaruyung Compagnie (VOC) in 1663, the City of Padang Kingdom turned into important ports due to its started developing, attracting migration of the close proximity to sources for commodities such as Minangkabau from luhak area. Aside from its wide pepper, clove, nutmeg and gold. and calm estuary, VOC was interested in building new port and settlement along the west coast of
Picture 2. Early Development of the City of Padang Started from the Construction of Batang Arau Old River Port (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009)
2 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 3. Padang Map Year 1667 (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009)
Sumatra for easy trade access to the interior of Kwongfu. Later on, it was estimated that Tamil Minangkabau. or Indian descent came when the English troops In 1668, VOC has managed to repel the came. Area populated by Tamil people is called inuence of the Aceh Sultanate and conquered Kampung Keling and is a trade centre. Many of the west coast of Sumatra. e story is known the Tamil diaspora living in the City of Padang from a letter of a regent Jacob Pits addressed to have lost their Tamil culture/identity. the Sultan of Pagaruyung. e regent requested In 1784, VOC o cially proclaimed Padang reinstatement of trading relations and distribution as their central base of colony and trade in West of gold to the city. In 7 August 1669 Pauh and Sumatra. Padang developed and quickly became Koto Tangah people rebel against VOC monopoly, a busy port after the construction of Teluk Bayur but the rebellion was suppressed by the VOC. e Port. But in 1795 after the English defeated Dutch rebellion of the locals considered as the o cial in the Fourth Anglo-Dutch war, the English birth year of the City of Padang. conquered the City of Padang. In 1819, after the It was estimated that Chinese settlers arrived Napoleonic War, the Dutch conquered the area immediately after the VOC built its post. Chinese and further legalised it after signing the Treaty of in Padang is known as Padang Chinese, mostly London in 17 March 1824. assimilated and speak Minang language. Records In 1837, the Netherlands Indies government in 1930 revealed at least three ethnic groups came declared the City of Padang as its administrative to reside in Padang, they are Hokkian, Hakka and centre for Gouvernement Sumatra’s Westkust
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 3 which covered West Sumatra and Tapanuli areas. the government’s administrative centre. e City At the time, new problems for the Netherland of Padang has until now utilised the building now Indies government risen due to rapid growth of known as Padang City Hall. several areas under its rule. Although mechanism Ganting Grand Mosque, the oldest mosque in and activities of the government were in place, the city was also erected during the Dutch era. e but spread out and separate islands could not mosque was initially located at the foot of Padang e ectively be governed and monitored. e Mountain before it was moved to its current condition made the colonial decided to follow location in 1700. Although French Jesuits started the governing model of their home country, the to serve its faithful followers since 1834, parallel to Netherlands, where municipality/township is the increasing European population at that time, a under the authority of a mayor who report to the Catholic Church in Dutch architectural style was City/Town Council. built in 1933 in the city. Furthermore the town became gemeente since Prior to the arrival of Japanese colonial troops in 1 April 1906 after the issuance of ordonance 17 March 1942, Padang City has been abandoned (STAL 1906 No.151) in 1 March 1906. e by the Dutch. After Japanese gained control of ordonance was signed by the Governor General the situation, the city was made the centre of J. B. van Heutsz. e decentralised system of administration for building constructions and government rst introduced in the Netherlands infrastructures a airs. Indie, and since 1 April 1906 including the City of Padang under the gemeente (city) status, A.3. At the Time of Independence which followed by the establishment of City News on Indonesian Independence in 17 Council with primary duties to increase public August 1945, only reached the City of Padang health and transportation, provisions for building on late August. But in 10 October 1945 the constructions, road and bridge maintenance as allied forces arrived in the City of Padang well as street lamps, sanitation control, sewer and through Teluk Bayur Port and occupied the garbage clean-up, management of clean water, city for 15 months. market and butcher house, city and settlement In 9 March 1950, the City of Padang, which area expansion, cemetery, and re ghter. was a federal state, was dissolved and returned into In 1928, the rst Burgemeester (Mayor) Mr. W. the government of the Republic of Indonesia via M. Ouwerkerk took o ce in 1941 and succeeded the decree of the President of Federal Republic of by D. Kapteijn until the arrival of Japanese colonial Indonesia (RIS) No. 111. And then, based on Law troops in 1942. In order to improve government No. 225 year 1948, the Central Sumatra Governor services in 1931 a Gemeente Huis (City Hall) was at the time issued a Decree No. 65/GP-50 dated built following the architectural style of City Hall 15 August 1950 which set area expansion of the in Europe especially marked with a tower clock, as City of Padang.
4 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 4. Ganting Grand Mosque (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009)
e West Sumatra Governor via a Decree No. 1979 dated 21 March 1980, territorial boundary 1/g/PD/1958, a de facto measure, made the City of the City of Padang expanded to 694.96 Km2, of Padang the capital of West Sumatra Province consisted of 11 Subdistricts and 193 Villages. After in 29 May 1958. De jure, a measure was made the implementation of regional autonomy became in 1975, by the issuance of Law No. 5 year e ective in 1 January 2001, administrative region 1974 concerning basic regional administrational of the City of Padang o cially consists of 11 arrangements. Later on, after receiving aspiration Subdistricts and 103 Villages. By the issuance of and need request from the locals, the government the City of Padang Government Regulations No. of the Republic of Indonesia issued a Government 16 Year 2004 concerning Establishment of Village Regulation No. 17 year 1980 concerning Organisation thus the number of Villages in the territorial boundary of the City of Padang as City of Padang became 104 Villages. regional administration. Padang City coastal line stretched 84 km Initially Padang City was a 33 Km2 territory, which contains 19 small islands (among others consisted of 3 Subdistricts dan 13 Villages, they are Sikuai Island 4.4 Ha wide situated in Bungus were Subdistricts of Padang Barat, Padang Selatan Teluk Kabung Subdistrict, Toran Island 25 Ha and Padang Timur. Under the Law No. 5 year wide and Pisang Gadang Island in Padang Selatan
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 5 Subdistrict). Hilly area stretched from east to estuary. First establishment was a fort, but it was south of the city. Famous hills in the City of torn down. e rst Dutch settlers were military Padang namely Bukit Lampu, Gunung Padang, men, followed by mining businessmen and other Bukit Gado-Gado, and Bukit Pegambiran. business entity who built their o ces there. e choice was probably based on its strategic location B. Padang Old Town as Heritage Quarter for trade activities. B.1. Development of Early Settlement In the 19th century, the Dutch planned to e followings are early settlements ourished develop Padang as the capital of Sumatra. ey at the time of growing development of the City of built modern infrastructure such as rail roads. Padang. e early settlements were divided, based Privates built facilities such as market, shops on the di erent national/ethnic group lived and and o ces. Along the Batang Arau (Arau River), developed these settlements, into: there were o ces of Padangsche Spaar Bank, NV Internatio, Nederlandsch-Indische Escompto a) Dutch Settlement Maatschappi, de Javasche Bank and others. Initially, the Dutch founded several As an example there was NV Jacobson van establishments in Batang Arau area, around the den Berg, one of giant companies with network
Picture 5. NV Jacobson van den Berg (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009)
6 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings spread all over the world and which branch o ces established all over the archipelago. Jacobson van den Berg (Hong Kong) Ltd (JVDB HK) was rst established in Semarang, Indonesia, in 1883 . As Padang City developed and became a city, Dutch developed the area further into the interior. One of important landmarks built by the Dutch was the City Hall of Padang. b) Chinese Settlement
Chinese generally settled in coastal cities. Chinese immigrated and arrived in Padang and founded their rst unique local settlement. Chinese community settled around Pondok and Pasar Gadang on the streets of Niaga and Pasar Batipuah. ey also built See Hin Kiong Temple and shophouses along Niaga corridor to support commercial activities primarily by Chinese Picture 6. community. e Chinese community’s Temple and Buildings Dominating a Chinese Settlement involvement in economic sector is mainly as (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009) traders.
B.2. Padang Old Town Heritage Quarter After independence, government chose to established conservation area and a list of cultural support the development of Pasaraya Daerah near heritage buildings in the City of Padang with 257 Kota Padang. e city has abandoned the Old buildings, where as 73 buildings are also inscribed Town Quarter with buildings are now utilised by Archaeological Conservation O ce (BP3) on primarily as swiftlet houses. its List of Cultural Heritage Objects Inventory in In 2006, Padang Municipal Government West Sumatra Province year 2007. Agency for Urban Development (2006)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 7 Table 1. List of Immovable Items of Cultural Property and/or Sites in West Sumatra Province
(Source: BP3 Batusangkar-West Sumatra)
Location No. Inventory No. Name of BCB/Sites Subdistrict Village Street 1. 01/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Tugu Pemoeda West Padang Behind Tangsi Jl. Gereja 2. 02/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Tugu Districshoofd Klasse West Padang Behind Tangsi - Padang 3. 03/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Tugu Merah Putih West Padang Kampung Jao Jl. M. Yamin 4. 03/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Tugu Adabiah 1915 West Padang Kampung Jao Jl. Pasaraya 5. 05/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Masjid Raya Ganting East Padang Ganting Jl. Ganting 3 6. 06/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Vihara Tri Dharma West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Klenteng 321 7. 07/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Joang 45 BPPI South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Mudik 50 8. 08/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Masjid Muhammadan South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Batipuh 19 9. 09/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Balai Kota Padang West Padang Kampung Jao Jl. M. Yamin 57 10. 10/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung SMU I Padang West Padang Kampung Jao Jl. Sudirman 1 11. 11/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung SLTP I Padang West Padang Kampung Jao Jl. Sudirman 2 12. 12/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Mahmil dan Oditur East Padang Sawahan Jl. Sudirman 3 Militer 13. 13/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Mess Puri Wedari West Padang Padang Pasir Jl. Sudirman 30 14. 14/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Hong Jang Hoo South Padang Batang Arau Jl. Batang Arau 14 15. 15/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PT. Cipta Niaga South Padang Batang Arau Jl. Batang Arau 23 16. 16/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 BTN (Eks. Beautik Hotel) South Padang Batang Arau Jl. Batang Arau 33 17. 17/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Bank Mandiri (Eks. West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 42 PT BDN) 18. 18/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang PT Kerta Niaga West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 44 19. 19/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang Minangcaissa West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 50 20. 20/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang/Kantor PT Dharma West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 52, 54, 56 Niaga, BPD, CV.Purwasari 21. 21/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang PT Panca Niaga West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 58 22. 22/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor Detasemen TNI AD West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Batang Arau 76 23. 23/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PU Tk. I Cipta Karya West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Batang Arau 82 24. 24/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 LP Olo West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Muaro 42 25. 25/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PTUN Padang West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Diponegoro 8 26. 26/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Joang 45 Sumbar West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Samudra 8 27. 27/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gereja GPIB West Padang Kampung Jao Jl. Bagindo Azis Chan 28. 28/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Hotel Padang East Padang Sawahan Jl. Bagindo Azis Chan 28 29. 29/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Eks Markas Brimob East Padang Sawahan Jl. Sudirman 30. 30/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor BKPPMD (Eks. Dinas West Padang Padang Pasir Jl. Sudirman 43 Pariwisata Provinsi) 31. 31/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal West Padang Padang Pasir Jl. Sudirman 45
8 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 32. 32/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Dinas Gubernur East Padang Jati Baru Jl. Sudirman 50 33. 33/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal Ema Idham West Padang Padang Pasir Jl. Ahmad Yani 12 34. 34/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PT. Buana Andalas South Padang Batang Arau Jl. Batang Arau 20 35. 35/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 PT Kurnia Jagad Abadi (Eks. West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 32 Toko Clarity Audio) 36. 36/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang PT Deli Agung Patria West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 34 37. 37/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PT Kerta Niaga West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Batang Arau 46 38. 38/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Museum Bank Indonesia West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Batang Arau 60 39. 39/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PT Amindo Corp. (Eks West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Batang Arau 70 Kantor/Gudang PT Pataka K.S.). 40. 40/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor/Gudang PT Surya Sakti West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Batang Arau 72 41. 41/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor PT Hiswana/Pertamina West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Batang Arau 78 42. 42/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal Ang Sia West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Klenteng 268 43. 43/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Himpunan Keluarga West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Klenteng 327 Tan 44. 44/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung Himpunan Tjinta West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Klenteng 331 Teman 45. 45/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tingggal Andreas CH West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Klenteng 335 46. 46/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal Kel. M. Yatim South Padang Ranah Parak Jl. Pasar Malintang 210 Rumbio 47. 47/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal Kel. H. St. South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Malintang 2 Zainun 48. 48/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal Kel. Asbon South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Hilir 2-22 49. 49/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang/Distributor Semen South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Hilir 26-28 50. 50/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Tinggal Kel. Sidin South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Hilir 70-72 51. 51/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Hotel Nagara South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pasar Mudik 22-2 52. 52/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Zeni Daerah Militer I Bukit East Padang Ganting Jl. Ksatria 1 Barisan (Eks. Den Zibang 5/1Padang) 53. 53/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Mess Kuwera East Padang Ganting Jl. Ksatria 2 54. 54/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 RS. Dr. Rekso Diwiryo East Padang Ganting Jl. Dr. Wahidin 1 55. 55/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kompleks Asrama Tentara East Padang Ganting Jl. Asrama 56. 56/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung STALTUTMIL East Padang Ganting Jl. Sisingamangaraja 47 57. 57/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung SMK Kartika (Eks. East Padang Simpang Aru Jl. Dr. Sutomo 4C SMA 17) 58. 58/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Stasiun KA Simpang Aru East Padang Simpang Aru Jl. Stasiun 1 59. 59/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Keuskupan Padang West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Khairil Anwar 12 60. 60/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Hotel Natour Muaro West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Gereja 3 61. 61/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gereja Biaro St. Leo West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Gereja 32 62. 62/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gedung SD Agnes West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Gereja 32 63. 63/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gereja/Katedral West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Gereja 43
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 9 64. 64/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Wisma Katedral West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Gereja 43 65. 65/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor Ajudan Jenderal Kodam West Padang Belakang Tangsi Jl. Samudra 3 I Bukit Barisan 032 66. 66/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Kantor Den Pal West Padang Berok Nipah Jl. Muara 46 67. 67/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Ambacang Hotel West Padang Kampung Pondok Jl. Bundo Kanduang 7 68. 68/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Gudang PLN Lubuk Begalung Koto Baru Jl. Kotobaru 69. 69/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Stasiun KA Pulau Air South Padang Pasar Gadang Jl. Pulau Air 70. 70/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Lubang Jepang I South Padang Bukit Gado-Gado Jl. Taman Siti Nurbaya 71. 71/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Lubang Jepang II South Padang Bukit Gado-Gado Jl. Taman Siti Nurbaya 72. 72/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Lubang Jepang III South Padang Bukit Gado-Gado Jl. Taman Siti Nurbaya 73. 73/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Rumah Adat Padang South Padang Ranah Parak Jl. Ranah Binuang 20 Rumbio
C. The Architectural Styles in Padang Old Town architectural style, buildings in Padang Old Town Quarter Quarter can be categorized into: During conservation activities, owners have to 1). Dutch Style of Architecture identify his/her heritage building. Identi cation of 2). Chinese Style of Architecture a heritage building aimed at recognising building’s 3). Vernacular Architecture, such as Rumah style, unique characters/elements and guring a Padang (Traditional House) proper way to conserve. Every building style has its own unique Prior to conserving, one needs to understand elements and characters. In many cases, buildings the building’s architectural style. Based on the of same style have di erent details.
Identifying Is it: A Dutch House? the Building Style A Chinese House? A Traditional House?
What is: Recognising e Structure? the Characters e unique ornaments? e special material?
How to maintain? Figuring a proper How to rehabilitate? Picture 7. conservation way Identi cation Diagram
10 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Because of the di erent characteristics mentioned, each building style need to be treated di erently at every stage of its conservation and rehabilitation.
C.1. Dutch Style of Architecture Dutch Architecture has its unique construction and reliefs characteristics which adopts building arts in the Netherlands. Initially the early built was very much inspired by the variety of styles developed in the Netherlands or Europe in general. As time goes by, Dutch architect developed Indies style which combines architectural style of Picture 9. St. Leo Monastery the Netherlands with local climate. e buildings (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009) among others are de Javasche Bank in Batang Arau area. Example of such building types are: - O ce Buildings - Places of Worship C.2. Chinese Style of Architecture Chinese architecture can be categorised into places of worship, social, residential and trading. Many of Picture 8. Padang City Hall the residences are also trading houses and known as (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009) shophouses. Places of worship in Padang Old Town Quarter is temple. While place of social is clan house (rumah kongsi) or house of ashes (rumah abu). Shop-houses can be categorised into two types, they are one level and two levels. Both has similarity which extends backwards linearly. As for style, shophouses categorised into three styles (Junaidi, 2009) they are early style, eclectic and art deco.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 11 hours interval. It has been reported that more than 60 dead and 460 seriously injured, spread out in many cities and districts of West Sumatra. More than 43,000 damaged houses, with more than 12,000 buildings heavily damaged. Other heavily damaged infrastructures include more than 130 public facilities, 310 mosques, 60 government buildings, 370 schools, and 230
Picture 10. See Hin Kiong Temple shops. (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2009) On Wednesday, 30 September 2009, one more earthquake of magnitude 7.9 on Richter Scale D. The Impact of Disaster to Padang Old Town hit West Sumatra. Many victims were found in Quarter Padang, the capital of West Sumatra with 750,000 Two earthquakes hit northern part of inhabitant, and Pariaman. Several sources cited Singkarak Lake in 6 March 2007 within two that the earthquake caused 1,100 casualties.
Picture 11. Di erent Styles of Shophouses in Padang Old Town Quarter (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2009)
12 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings PADANG EARTHQUAKE FACTS & FIGURES • Cellular phones networks partially out of order. Casualty and Damage • Maninjau and Singkarak Hydro Power Plants cut o from the Current data system. Casualties • Four central power station turned-o , causing a 1,100 people blackout in the City of Padang. • Many power grid network distributing 20 kilo volts fell.
Heavily injured: Aftershock 17.38.52 Magnitude: 6.2 RS • 90 persons (Padang) Depth: 110 km Mainshock 17.16.09 • 75 persons (Pariaman) Magnitude: 7.6 RS Depth: 71 km Damage: • Trans Sumatra Highway linking Padang- Muaralabuh and Kerinci (Jambi) cut o . • Landslides in three di erent points in Gunung Talang Subdistrict. Fresh water/swamp • Twenty houses destroyed in Solok District. Forest Garden/Plantation • Minangkabau International Airport temporarily Settlement Paddy eld closed. Dry- eld/bare-land Earthquake Intensity Sumatra Tectonic Zone
Earthquake tremors felt in Singapore and Malaysia
Picture 12. Information on Padang Earthquake Intensity Scale (Source: Kompas, 2009) barely felt weak light moderate strong very strong violent very violent extreme (Source: Kompas R&D/GIS: Slamet JP, data compiled from BMKG, USGS, Bakosurtanal, Lapan)
Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment was core conservation area as well as the area’s bu er conducted by BPPI together with its heritage zone, including heritage buildings in the City of organisations partners from 10 to 15 October Padang such as museum and library and heritage 2009. DHRA covered Padang Old Town Quarter’s buildings around the city.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 13 Picture 13 Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment Mapping in the City of Padang (Source: BPPI, 2009)
For Padang Old Quarter, DHRA covered with the local government and National Agency heritage buildings inscribed on the list of for Disaster Management is important to discuss Evaluation on Conservation Area Boundaries the guidelines for rehabilitation that is in line with and Heritage Conservation Buildings in Padang heritage conservation principles. City established by the Municipal Government of As the outcome of the Damaged Heritage Padang-Agency for Urban Development (2006) Rapid Assessment, taking into consideration that listed 257 buildings. e total number of of their signi cant values, there are 7 priority buildings assessed in the City of Padang and buildings proposed to be rehabilitated: around was 274 buildings where as 129 heavily 1) Padang City Hall damaged, 77 moderately damaged, 51 slightly 2) Wisma Sukma Indah damaged dan 17 buildings in safe conditions/no 3) St. Leo Monastery damages (see Table 2). 4) Ganting Grand Mosque Planning and designing initial recovery 5) PT Kerta Niaga Warehouse (Formerly for heritage conservation is urgently needed Escompto Maatschappij O ce) before reconstruction of such buildings without 6) Shophouses corridor on Jl. Niaga considering conservation principles. Coordination 7) Bola Dunia Taylor on Jl. Pondok
14 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 14. Priority Buildings to be Conserved based on Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2009)
Ganting Grand Mosque Padang City Hall
Bola Dunia Taylor Jl. Pondok; Shophouses’ orridor Jl. Niaga
St. Leo Monastery
Koridor ruko di Jl. Niaga
Wisma Sukma Indah
PT Kerta Niaga Warehouse (Formerly Guidelines for ManagingEscompto Post-Disaster Maatschappij Conservation Office) of Heritage Buildings 15 Table 2. Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment in Padang City (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2009)
CITY OF PADANG Heavy Moderate Minor Safe Total Places of Worship 10 3 1 1 Residential 42 19 13 1 Shophouse 16 11 3 5 Station 5 0 6 1 Hotel 3 3 1 0 Commercial Building 2 6 4 2 School Building 8 7 4 0 Office Building 4 3 4 2 Warehouse 22 11 3 1 Military Building 1 7 2 0 Cultural Sites 1 2 0 1 Hospital 0 0 1 0 114 72 42 14 242
SURROUNDING OF PADANG Heavy Moderate Minor Safe Total Places of Worship 2 Residential 2 School Building 1 Cultural Building 1 1 2 3 0 6
PARIAMAN Heavy Moderate Minor Safe Total Places of Worship 4 1 1 Residential 5 1 1 Shophouses 1 Station 2 Hotel 1 1 Commercial Building 2 1 School Building 1 1 Office Buiding 1 2 14 3 6 3 26 274
16 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
I.1. Why It is Important to Conserve Heritage? for the conservation of Indonesian heritage As heritage is the witness of history and is under the umbrella of Indonesian Network for Heritage Conservation (JPPI) in collaboration valuable asset of important resource for future with Indonesian International Council on generations, thus conservation of heritage is Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and State important. Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia jointly declared Indonesian Charter for Heritage Conservation 2003. e Charter I.1.1. De nitions of Heritage and Conservation is the rst agreement/shared understanding to I.1.1.1. Heritage follow ethic and moral of heritage conservation Heritage de nition, initially understood solely in Indonesia. as artefact, has developed greatly over the last e agreements/shared understanding are as two decades to even broader and across borders. follows: Heritage is not only natural and cultural but also a. e Heritage of Indonesia is natural, the mixture of them and its interactions with time cultural, and Saujana (cultural landscape). and space. Heritage is not only tangible but also Natural heritage is exceptional formation of intangible. nature. Cultural heritage is manifestation erefore, heritage issues should be a part of creation, aesthetic feeling, work and of life and not be separated from everyday life, masterpieces of 500 ethnic groups in Indonesia, managements of culture and arts, city, village as individually, or of the Indonesian nation’s as well as region. a whole, and of its interactions with other In order to enhance understanding on culture over time. Saujana is the inextricable heritage signi cance, practitioners and advocates unity between nature and manmade heritage
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 17 in space and time. Cultural heritage consists c. Conservation as the management of change of tangible and intangible heritage. (Ashworth, 1991);
I.1.1.2. Conservation d. Conservation in the urban context also means preservation of speci c parts of the Heritage Conservation is not merely memory heritage by giving not only sustainability of of the past but we can use as we build a future its existence but also usefulness for the future life incorporating the best of what we have (Burke, 1976 in Ashworth, 1991) learned from the past. Conservation is sometimes misunderstood to be just preserving without e variety of heritage and conservation change. purposes call for involvement from many, It is true to say that preservation without any including education sector, teachers and students, changes, as a part of conservation e orts, is suitable to protect, conserve, implement conservation for a particular heritage. But, for other heritage activities and disseminate information on the changes by adding or replacing are necessary for importance of heritage conservation. the sustainability of the heritage itself. For further details, de nition of conservation is I.1.2. Conservation Development at the International elaborated as follow: and National Levels a. Heritage management e orts by conducting Over the last decades, there is rapid development activities of research, planning, protection, concerning paradigm shift and understanding maintenance, utilisation, monitoring, and/ towards heritage and conservation. e following or development in a selective manner in are examples which represent development of order to maintain its sustainability, harmony, heritage conservation in Indonesia and the world. and carrying capacity to response to current dynamics to develop a better quality nation (Indonesian Charter for Heritage I.1.2.1. Global Development Conservation 2003); Since 1994, UNESCO mentioned one more b. Primary concept of conservation is category for World Heritage which is cultural sustainability that accept changes, a landscape or mixed category. Before there were de nition di erent from preservation. e only Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage. consequence is that the intended change Cultural Landscape embraces a diversity of does not happen drastically but naturally and selectively (Adhisakti, 1997); manifestation of interactions between works of man and of nature (UNESCO, 1994). According
18 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings to Platcer and Rossler (1995), cultural landscape c. Cultural landscape is a complex phenomena reects: with tangible and intangible identities. e a. Interaction between man and its natural intangible components grow from ideas and environment without space and time interactions that has impact on perceptions limitations. Nature in this context serves and formed a cultural landscape, such as as partner to society, both in dynamic sacred beliefs, has long been associated with conditions formed a cultural landscape. cultural landscape and this has been going on for a long time. b. In several countries, cultural landscape is used as model of interaction among man, d. Cultural landscape is a reection of culture their social system and how they arrange which the local community’s created. space.
Picture 15. West Sumatra Cultural Landscape (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2010)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 19 In year 2004, UNESCO promoted paradigm charter or declaration. e Manifesto of the Society shift in heritage conservation. Initially, heritage for Protection on Ancient Buildings (SPAB) of conservation gave priority to cultural resources 1877 is the world rst declared agreement by made and de ned by 3P, they are Princes, Priests, practitioners and advocates of heritage. e point and Politicians. Now it has changed or added with of the SPAB until today is to save old buildings People and become 4P. from decay, demolition and damage. e paradigm shift in managing heritage can Global society movement among others be described in following table: was pioneered in an international conference organised by Professional Architect Conference
Table 3. on Monument Conservation in Athens, Greek. UNESCO Paradigm Shift in Heritage e outcome to the conference is Athens Conservation 2004 (Source: Engelhardt, Richard in World Heritage Regime: Trend Charter, prepared by Le Corbusier, one of the and Realities in the Asia Pacific Region, 2006) leading exponents of the modern movement in architecture. e Charter aside from giving OLD NEW its attention to historic monuments restoration Monuments of the kings, + Public venue and artwork ulemas, priests and space also introduced, for the rst time in history, the politicians concept of international heritage. Non-living, physical sites + Community sustainability Physical components + Living traditions and Awareness for the importance of heritage practices conservation escalated in 1960s. UNESCO as a Managed by central + Management is administration decentralised to the world organisation consecutively came up with people several recommendations in that era, as followings: Utilisation for the elites + Popular utilisation (for (recreational purpose) development) 1. Recommendations on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations, 1956;
Another conservation movement indicator is 2. Recommendation Concerning International a growing concern for conservation morals and Competitions in Architecture and Town ethics. e ethics is developed by conservation Planning, 1956; advocates, practitioners, and community and 3. Recommendations Concerning the then declared publicly although without signed Safeguarding of the Beauty and Character of into law. is form of ethical agreement is called a Landscapes and Sites, 1962;
20 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings e Second International Congress of materials in many charters and resolutions, among Architects and Technicians of Historic others: Monuments, took place in Venice, Italy, adopted 13 resolutions. e rst congress adopted the a. Charter for the Preservation of Quebec (1982); Athens Charter. e second one, being know as b. Tlaxcala Declaration on the Revitalisation of the Venice Charter provided for the creation of Small Settlements (1982); the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). c. Appleton Charter for the Protection and In 1970s Europe, aside from issues on Enhancement of the Built Environment archaeological heritage protection and trade (1983); in heritage objects, architectural heritage d. Washington Charter on the Conservation of conservation issues gained attention through Historic Towns and Urban Areas (1987); socialization. Among others, through Amsterdam Declaration adopted by Congress on the European e. Fez Charter on world heritage cities and cooperation for the welfare of the citizens Architectural Heritage year 1975 which a rms of World Heritage Cities, through research, that architectural heritage is an integral part of training and exchange (1993); cultural heritage. On that same year, a European Charter of the Architectural Heritage was adopted. f. Bregen Protocol on Communication and Meanwhile, in 1972 the General Conference of Relations among Cities of the Organisation of UNESCO adopted the Convention concerning World Heritage Cities (1995). the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Charters concerning speci c places are: Heritage. a. e Burra Charter for the Conservation of e development of ethics was focusing on a Places of Cultural Signi cance (1979); variety of issues. Ethics with a focus on a speci c form of heritage conservation, as well as on a b. e Florence Charter on Historic Gardens speci c country. For an example, concerning (1982). heritage cities, the discussion was started in 1975 e ethics speci ed by or for a particular and resulted in Resolution on the Conservation country, among others are: of Smaller Historic Towns. From then on issues a. Rome Declaration concerning integration of concerning heritage areas and cities became the national conservation in Italy (1983);
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 21 b. Oaxaca Declaration concerning Natural e point is, general public has the rights to Conservation in Mexico (1993); participate in the development of an agreement for conservation ethics in national or global level. c. Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Even in the local level a charter can be declared Sites in China (2002); and hoped to be able to inuence nationally as d. Indonesian Charter for Heritage Conservation well as globally. (2003); I.1.2.2. Development in Indonesia e. INTACH Charter for the Conservation of Unprotected Architectural Heritage and Heritage conservation in Indonesia’s traditional Sites in India (2004). society has long been known and a part of the society’s life. In many areas of Indonesia any ere are many charters still not elaborated valuable objects older than 50 years is a heritage or mentioned here such as charters for to be conserved and pass on to future generations. archaeological heritage, illegal trade in heritage Scienti cally. Heritage conservation started objects, underwater heritage, cultural heritage, authenticity, and many more. its development in archaeological eld in the
Picture 16. Heritage area of the City of Padang (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2010)
22 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings archipelago in 1903. e Netherlands Indies which ruled in 1933 issued a law on archaeological objects which is the foundation of Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 year 1992 concerning Cultural Heritage Objects. In its development, heritage in Indonesia is known as warisan or cagar whether it’s cultural or natural. In early 1990s, the time of issuance of the Law No. 5 concerning Cultural Heritage Objects the scope of heritage conservation in Indonesia solely focused on artefact. But at the end of 1990s, Picture 17. conservation for heritage area and heritage cities e Indonesian Wayang inscribed on UNESCO’s started to develop. Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity st In early 21 Century, intangible cultural (Source: JHS-BPPI, 2009) heritage de nition started to sound. Although heritage objects such as traditions, keris, etc., Since year 2000, there have been many heritage are widely known, but this category of cultural organisations established in Sumatra, Java, Bali as heritage is not yet recognised by general public. well as Eastern Indonesia. In early 2008, Ternate In 2003 wayang was inscribed on UNESCO’s Heritage Society declared its establishment. Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage Activities of inter-regional heritage of Humanity and followed by Keris in 2005. organisations such as Jogja Forum, short version Over the past two decades the number of of Jogja Forum for Culture Environment community heritage organisations established in Conservation, organised regularly in Yogyakarta. many cities are growing. e number is considered e forum has 20 organisations that care about as small if compared with the 200 million culture environment conservation as members. In population in Indonesia. Bandung Heritage Sumatra, inter heritage conservation organisations Society was founded in 1987 which marked the network was established and called Pan-Sumatra grow of heritage organisations in Indonesia. Network (PanSumnet). e Network organised More and more organisations founded in other activities together regularly. regions such as Jogja Heritage Society in 1991, In 2000, conservation practitioners and Jogja Heritage Trust in 1992, Sumatra Heritage advocates founded Indonesian Network for Trust (1998), West Sumatra Heritage Trust (1999). Heritage Conservation (JPPI), a media of inter-
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 23 member communications. e Network primary c. e formulation was coincide with Indonesia means of communication among members is via Heritage Year 2003. e-mailing list. In year 2003, Indonesian Network for Heritage In order to assist and escort the implementation Conservation (JPPI) in collaboration with of the charter and the development of heritage International Council on Monuments and Sites conservation in Indonesia, the Indonesian (ICOMOS) in Indonesia and Ministry of Culture Network for Heritage Conservation legally and Tourism organised Indonesia Heritage Year founded Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI/Badan 2003. Pelestarian Pusa Indonesia) with its o ce in Jakarta Several ethics formulations concerning heritage in 2004. conservation in the form of declaration, charter, or e BPPI vision is to escort heritage convention is an indicator of heritage conservation conservation in Indonesia. e BPPI missions are: development. Up until today Indonesia only has a. To prepare for inputs for conservation policies, one conservation charter which is Indonesian strategies, programmes, guidelines and Charter for Heritage Conservation formulated in mechanisms; 2003. e objectives of the charter are: b. To assist in capacity enhancement and a. To a rm the nation’s identity in the world’s conservation movement promotion, in diverse and dynamic community, collaboration with many institutions, b. Enhancing the quality of life of the people, and communities and private sectors through technical assistance, education and trainings, c. To ensure the nation’s valuable contribution to workshop, seminar, database and website the world. development, publication and promotion;
is formulation of the Indonesian Charter c. To develop funding system for conservation for Heritage Conservation is a historic event for of Indonesian heritage in collaboration with Indonesia, because: national and international organisations, a. Up until 2003 Indonesia did not have any business world and community, proposing for charters as guidelines for the conservation incentives, tax reduction, and supports from ethics and morals; various institutions. b. e charter was formulated by many parties of Although conservation for heritage area and inter-discipline, inter-profession, inter-sector heritage cities have been established since late and inter-region; 1990s, but the development is still limited. In
24 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 18. Picture 19. Indonesian Network for Heritage Conservation (JPPI/ Establishment of Indonesian Heritage Cities Jaringan Pelestarian Pusaka) Network (JKPI/Jaringan Kota Pusaka Indonesia) (Source: BPPI, 2003) (Source: BPPI, 2003) order for better development through involvement b. Keep the site clean, maintain its existence and of many authorities such as local government, sustainability; Indonesian Heritage Trust pioneered the birth of c. Show appreciation to the cultural heritage, Indonesian Heritage Cities Network (JKPI) in 2008. JKPI memberships consist of mayors and tangible and intangible; regent of heritage cities and regencies in Indonesia. d. Have a sense of ownership towards heritage around you. I.1.3. Heritage Conservation Activities and Forms I.1.3.1. Heritage Conservation Activities Whatever the format, heritage conservation is More Advance Activities an e ort to safeguard heritage from abandonment, a. Inventory and Documentation deterioration and extinction. It supports for future Make a list of various heritage such as natural, valuable heritage. E orts can be implemented cultural (tangible and intangible) and cultural from the simplest way for children to the way that landscape for inventory and documentation high skills is required, as followings: in a way that is in order and easily accessed. Simple Activities is documentation needs regular updates. a. Does not destruct, litter, vandalise or any actions Outcome of the documentation will be useful that will cause damage to heritage;
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 25 for various conservation acts as well as for a d. Management publication. Managing a particular heritage, from planning, b. Research implementing, management activities to Conduct indepth study to nd solution to a marketing (i.e., management of museum) certain issue. e scope for the research is very e. Implementation broad. Implementing heritage activities. c. Planning f. Community Advocacy Formulate a conservation plan whether it’s in Becoming public mediator in transforming a micro scale for conserving cultural heritage conservation ideas into actions for a certain components, design engineering for heritage period of time. architecture, or micro planning for area g. Advocacy conservation. e planning needs to be started Giving assistance to a particular party in facing with formulation of Conservation Master Plan heritage conservation issues. as the foundation for further detailed plans. h. Education One of detailed plans is a formulation of Providing formal heritage conservation conservation guidelines or manual. education via school or higher education
Picture 20. Example of Heritage Area HERITAGE CONSERVATION PLANNING Conservation Plan (Source: BPPI, 2009) (Ashworth, GJ, 1991)
26 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings or informally including, public education (Ontario Ministry of Municipal through campaign, seminar, discussion, A airs and Housing, Canada, 1982). workshop as well as heritage trail. b. To bring the building up to higher i. Publication standards, with respect particularly Publishing various conservation acts in formats to energy e ciency, security, re such as printed, audio-visual as well as website. protection and modern amenities. j. Heritage Disaster Risks Management (MRBP) (James G. Ripley, Editorial in MRBP consists of preparedness when facing Canadian Building, April 1978). disasters and mitigation, rapid and proper 3. Preservation emergency response actions as well as a long Maintaining the fabric of a place in its agenda for post-disaster heritage recovery. existing state and retarding deterioration (Burra Charter, Australia, 1979) I.1.3.2. Forms of Heritage Conservation Actions 4. Rehabilitation 1. Revitalisation a. e process of returning a property a. e process of economic, social and to a state of utility, through repair cultural redevelopment of an area. or alteration, which makes possible Often the buildings in these areas an e cient contemporary use are of heritage merit despite their while preserving those portions state of neglect prior to revitalisation and features of the property which (Heritage Canada Foundation, are signi cant to its historic, 1983) architectural, and cultural values b. Heritage revitalisation through ( e USA Secretary of the Interior’s restoration, adaptive reuse as well Standards for Rehabilitation). as implanting new components in b. Usually carried out in order to order to improve the quality of life extend a building’s life and/or its of the people and to adjust to the economic viability. It may involve current dynamics. more adaptation than conservation, 2. Retro t but will still preserve the building’s a. To update the components of an original features. It may involve existing building to meet the code upgrading, some modi cation, or other regulatory requirements remodelling, rebuilding or
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 27 retro tting, and some repairs. It may evidence, a replica of the original be done to the exterior as well as the is built using both modern and/or interior of the building (National traditional methods of construction Research Council of Canada, 1982) (Heritage Canada Foundation, c. Repairing and recovering all aspects 1983) of public or community services to c. e process of reproducing by new an adequate level at Post-Disaster construction the exact form and areas particularly to normalize or detail of the vanished building, recover all aspects of government structure, or object, or a part thereof, administration and community as it appeared at a speci c period of life at Post-Disaster areas (Law time (USA Secretary of the Interior’s No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster Standards for Historic Preservation Management, Article 1. Paragraph 1979) 11). d. Rebuilding of all facilities and 5. Restoration infrastructure, institutions at Post- Returning the existing fabric of a place Disaster areas, at government and to a known earlier state by removing community levels particularly to accretions or by reassembling existing enable growth in economic, social components without the introduction of and cultural activities, to enforce new material (Burra Charter, Australia). law and order, and revive public 6. Reconstruction participation in all aspects of a. Returning a place to a known earlier community life at Post-Disaster state and is distinguished from areas (Law No. 24/2007 concerning restoration by the introduction of Disaster Management, Article 1, new material into the fabric (Burra Paragraph 12) Charter, Australia). 7. Adaptive Reuse b. e recreation of a non-existent a. Collectively conducting adaptive building on its original site. Based reuse of heritage buildings by upon historical, literary, graphic and preserving particular components/ pictorial as well as archaeological parts and by lling in with new
28 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings components in line with the building’s new uses or activities. b. Modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use (Burra Charter, Australia) c. e recycling of an older structure often for a new function. Extensive restoration or rehabilitation of both the interior and exterior is usually involved (Heritage Canada Foundation, 1983) 8. Disaster Mitigation A series of e orts to reduce disaster risk, through physical development as well as awareness and improved capacity to face disaster threat (Law No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster Mitigation, Article 1,
Paragraph 9) Picture 21. Example of Heritage Buildings Adaptive Reuse in the City of Padang 2009 Authority and Law and Regulation (Source: BPPI, 2009) Currently in Indonesia there is Law No. 11 year 2010 concerning Items of Cultural Property which protects cultural heritage including heritage As previously explained, at the global level buildings. ere isn’t any law to protect intangible there are international conventions concerning cultural heritage, such as music, literature, dance, natural conservation, conservations of monument theatre or tradition. and historical objects, as well local traditions and As for natural conservation there is Law on indigenous culture. Living Environment. In regional level there is Several global organisations relevant with regional laws and other regulation which govern heritage conservation, among others are: the implementation of the protection.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 29 a. UNESCO: United Nations I.2. Why Do We Have to Prepare for Managing Post- Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? Organisation, based in Paris, France. We have to be ready to managing Post-Disaster UNESCO has a eld o ce in conservation for heritage buildings because our Jakarta. country is located in a disaster-prone area. us, b. WHC: World Heritage Centre, tools for managing damaged valuable heritage based in UNESCO, Paris, France. assets need to be in place. c. ICOMOS: International Council on Monuments and Sites, based in Paris, France. ICOMOS Indonesia’s I.2.1 What is Disaster? Secretariat is in Bandung. I.2.1.1. With at least 129 active volcanoes, d. ICCROM: International Centre for including those under the water, disaster the Study of the Preservation and is almost certain to happen for Indonesia. Restoration of Cultural Property, Indonesia lies on the ring of re or based in Rome, Italy. coincides with the edges of the world’s e. WMF: World Monument Fund, main tectonic plates as well as between based in New York, USA. dozens of active tectonic plates. I.2.1.2. Disaster shall mean an event or a series At the national level, the authority responsible of events threatening and disturbing the for items of cultural property is the Ministry community life and livelihood, caused of Culture and Tourism, while for natural by natural and/or non-natural as well conservation is the Ministry of Environment. As as human factors resulting in human for issues relevant to the World Heritage is under fatalities, environmental damage, loss of the coordination of the Coordinating Ministry material possessions, and psychological for People’s Welfare. ere are community/grass- impact (Law No. 24/2007 concerning root organisations such as Indonesian Heritage Disaster Management, Article 1, Trust (BPPI) which aimed to give assistance Paragraph 1). and advocacy concerning natural and cultural I.2.1.3. Natural disaster shall mean an event or a conservations and WALHI which gives assistance series of events caused by nature such as and advocacy concerning natural conservation. earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, ood, drought, typhoon, and landslide
30 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings (Law No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster I.1.2. What is the Impact of Disaster on Heritage Management, Article 1, Paragraph 2). Buildings? I.2.2.1. e impact of disaster on heritage building I.2.1.4. Non-natural disaster means a non- is due to disaster threat and vulnerability. natural event or a series of non-natural I.2.2.2. e vulnerability of heritage is due to events such as technological failure, disaster-prone location of the heritage, modernisation failure, epidemic and heritage building materials, building plaque (Law No. 24/2007 concerning technology, tools and infrastructure as Disaster Management, Article 1, well as human resources for managing Paragraph 3). conservation of heritage buildings.
Case Study 1. Impact of Earthquake on Heritage Buildings (Source: BPPI, 2006)
Earthquake which hit West Sumatra in 2007 had caused severe damages to heritage buildings and cultural artefacts, such as the Grand Clock Tower (Jam Gadang) in the town of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 31 I.2.2.3. Due to urgent needs, the above I.2.3.3. Often times, rehabilitation and mentioned have called for awareness reconstruction measures destroy instead raising, knowledge enhancement and of protect the heritage. training among stakeholders in order to I.2.3.4. After the earthquake on September 2009 meet heritage needs during the time of that hit the City of Padang, collections of disasters. ceramics of Adityawarman Museum and collections of archives of Archive Building I.2.2.4. erefore, preparation shall involves: severely damaged due to non existent - Environmental management for rapid emergency response. the recognition and mitigation of disaster threats; Case Study 2. - Mitigation of risks when changing Emergency Response Phase Does Not the condition of heritage buildings as Include Heritage Rescue well as museum collections through (Source: BPPI, 2009) physical interventions; - Community members, living in the area within range of the heritage buildings, who are ready to go through trainings and awareness raising.
I.2.3. Why is Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Important? Damage to heritage buildings is not only give risk to I.2.3.1. Management of Post-Disaster the lost of physical buildings, but also the significant conservation of heritage will extend the aspect such as historical and cultural values which is inseparable parts. age of heritage buildings for sustainable use by community A sample is damaged Archive Building in the City of Padang. The building stored a collection of hundreds I.2.3.2. It will help to maintain heritage assets and of valuable manuscripts. There was not any rescue identities of a community/area/region/ measures taken to save those collections until they were damaged due to exposures to rain and heat from national. the sun.
32 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings I.2.4. Why Do We Need Guidelines for Managing Post- c. Mitigating risks when changing the Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? present conditions of heritage buildings I.2.4.1. e guidelines serves as a reference for and museum collections through physical building owners to understand process intervention. of vulnerability, acts of preparing for d. Measures to meet the needs during and mitigating impacts from disaster to Post-Disaster conservation of heritage heritage buildings. buildings through awareness raising, I.2.4.2. e guidelines serves as a reference for knowledge enhancement of stakeholders. building owners to prepare for risks when managing Post-Disaster conservation of heritage buildings which shall involved: I.2.5. Background information on the Establishment of a. Community members who are ready Heritage Emergency Response to join training and awareness raising I.2.5.1. Law No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster activities; Management does not mention measures b. Environmental management in order for managing Post-Disaster conservation to prevent natural destruction; of heritage buildings
Table 4. Law No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster Management (Source: Law No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster Management)
No. Aspect Content 1 Objective Disaster management shall aim to respect local culture 2 Disaster Management Implementation Disaster management shall take account of 4 (four) aspects: a. social, economic, and cultural lives; b. environmental conservation; c. bene t and e ectiveness; and d. scope of territory. 3 Phases of Post-Disaster Disaster management at Post-Disaster phase shall include rehabilitation and reconstruction through following activities:
- socioeconomic and cultural recovery; - revival of life; and - improvement to social, economic, and cultural conditions
Further provisions concerning reconstruction and rehabilitation shall be governed by a Government Regulation
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 33 Table 5. Law No. 10/2011 concerning Post-Disaster Conservation Management of Heritage Buildings (Source: Law No. 11/2010 concerning Items of Cultural Property)
No Aspect Content 1 Protection Items of Cultural Property Rescue is conducted to prevent damages due to human and/or natural factors that cause alteration of authenticity and values of the items; and
Rescue is conducted in emergency and normal situations.
Rescue actions can be done through e orts such as: a. reporting missing or damaged Items of Cultural Property to the authorities responsible for Conservation, National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, and/or relevant government institutions; b. removal of Items of Cultural Property, Buildings of Cultural Property, and Structure of Cultural Property which existence are threatened, due to factors of natural, human disturbance, as well as development plan on the Site of Cultural Property or Area of Cultural Property including its environment.
I.2.5.2. Heritage Emergency Response Team was I.3.2. What is the Objectives of the Guidelines? established at the initiative of BPPI in I.3.2.1. is guidelines serves as a reference for managing Post-Disaster conservation for citizens who wants to know the steps for managing Post-Disaster conservation of heritage buildings. heritage buildings. I.3.2.2. is guidelines give information to I.3. How to Use the Guidelines for Managing Post- citizens on conservation do’s and don’t’s Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? for managing Post-Disaster conservation I.3.1. Who is the Target Reader for the Guidelines? of heritage buildings e target for this guidelines is relevant parties involved in heritage conservation, I.3.3. What is the Scope of the Guidelines? such as government and the owners of Heritage buildings shall be taken to mean any structures of human settlement, heritage buildings commercial, o ce, public and social facility as well as physical element.
34 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings I.3.4. What are the Guidelines’ Legal and Normative e. Kobe-Tokyo Declaration on Risk References? Preparedness for Cultural Properties, I.3.4.1. Conservation management refers to the (1997); existing regulations and policies, as follow: f. Assisi Declaration on Risk a. Law No. 11 year 2010 concerning Preparedness (1998); Items of Cultural Property; g. Risk Preparedness: A Management b. Law No. 24 year 2007 concerning Manual for World Cultural Heritage Disaster Management; (ICCROM, 1998); c. Law No. 26 year 2007 concerning I. Wooden Structures Conservation Spatial Planning; Principles (ICOMOS, 1999); d. Law No. 28 year 2002 concerning j. Indonesian Charter for Heritage Building Construction, jo Conservation (MoCT, JPPI, Government Regulation (PP) No. ICOMOS, 2003); 36 year 2005 concerning Regulation k. Principles for the Analysis, for the Implementation of Law No. Conservation, and Restoration of 28/2002. Structures if Architectural Heritage (ICOMOS, 2003) I.3.4.2. Charters, conventions, normative l. Kyoto Declaration on the Protection standards, and technical conservation of Cultural Properties, Historic guidelines, as follow: Areas and their Settings from Loss in a. Charter for the Conservation of Disasters (2005); Places of Cultural Signi cance m. Technical Guidelines for the (Burra Charter, ICOMOS, 1982); Preservation of Wooden Cultural b. Nara Document on Authenticity Heritage (MoCT, 2006) (ICOMOS, 1994); n. Rehabilitation Standards for c. Recording Structures and Sites with Historical Buildings (Nunus Measured Drawings (HABS/HAER, Supardi, 2003) 1993); o. World Heritage Resource Manual d. Principles for the Recording of on Managing Disaster Risks for Monuments, Groups of Buildings, World Heritage (UNESCO, World and Sites (ICOMOS, 1996) Heritage Convention, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN, 2010).
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 35 I.4. Managing Folk Heritage in Post-Disaster Situations Moreover, after the disaster, there were many I.4.1. What is Folk Heritage? sudden changes. Reconstruction into prior original Refers to cultural heritage which was the work conditions is already too di cult. Although there of indigenous community aside from heritage of are regulations and ethics to protect heritage the kings, ulemas which is known as monuments. values that cannot be altered or changed and has e folk heritage came in the forms of vernacular to remain the same. houses, speci ed environment, performing arts, Meanwhile, eld experience tells that a series handicrafts, and other heritage as part of the daily of e orts to conserve the physical structure of life of the community. heritage buildings need to be done parallel with Indonesian heritage as inscribed on the conservation of intangible cultural heritage of Indonesian Charter for Heritage Conservation the people that can enhance life quality and 2003 consist of natural heritage, cultural heritage economically bene ting them. (tangible and intangible), and saujana/cultural Based on our experience in Yogyakarta and landscape (the mixture of natural and cultural). other disaster striken regions, such as Aceh and Nias, BPPI established Heritage Emergency Response Team in collaboration with University I.4.2. Safeguarding Folk Heritage in Post-Disaster of Bung Hatta, Centre for Architectural Heritage Situations Conservation (Pusaka), Centre for Heritage Conservation of heritage architecture is Conservation (CHC), Department of Architecture, developing. Initially it was only focuses on individual Faculty of Engineering, University of Gadjah building and it evolves to include management of Mada, Jogja Heritage Society (JHS), Indonesian heritage building complex and even broader to Architect Association (IAI) of West Sumatra, Aceh management of heritage area. e interrelations of Heritage Community (AHC), Indonesian Green buildings in a heritage area is now being utilise and Map (PHI), Archaeological Conservation O ce adaptively use to meet the needs of residents and (BP3) of Batusangkar, supported by Prince Claus modern activities while remain protecting the visual Fund (PCF) and International National Trusts appearance and the exceptional values and feels of Organisation (INTO) to conduct rescue activities the historic place. Here we try to build the future and rehabilitation of heritage in Padang damaged with the sense of past and current development by the earthquake in 30 September 2009. selectively mix into one.
36 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Technical Guidelines for • Formulate a Managing Conservation in the conservation plan City of Padang • Manage conservation of heritage buildings
• Establish a society for heritage management
Disaster preparedness recovery • Prepare and train the Heritage Emergency Response Team • Formulate or renew/update emergency heritage buildings inventory response • Reinforced structures thus create disaster resistant buildings • Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA) and Action Plan
• Rescue and protect heritage components
Picture 22. Technical Guidelines Position in the Phases of Heritage Buildings Conservation Management Cycle in Post-Disaster Situation (Source: Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage, 1998; modi ed)
Heritage Emergency Response volunteers for • Yudis Ericka Putra (University of Bung Hatta) Padang 2009 are: • Rini Afrimayetti (Pusaka) • Punto Wijayanto (Jogja Heritage Society) • Ariyati (University of Bung Hatta) • Dyah Arnawati (University of Gadjah Mada) • Andika Nopriadi (Pusaka) • Qurratul Aini (Aceh Heritage Community) • Faizful Ramdan (IAI Sumatra Barat) • Nurul Fajriati (Aceh Heritage Community) • M. Yusuf (BP3 Batusangkar) • Jonny Wongso (Pusaka) • Hendra Bahar (BP3 Batusangkar) • Peri Kurnia (University of Bung Hatta) • Aldevitra (University of Bung Hatta) • Elanto Wijoyono (Indonesian Green Map)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 37 I.4.3. Why Do We Need Technical Guidelines for for rehabilitation is also a challenge for Post- Conservation? Disaster conservation of buildings. High historical and cultural values of a heritage Technical Guidelines for Conservation for area reected on the architecture of its settlements Heritage Home Owners contain several phases and the community’s social life. Aside from them, recommended, as follow: the settlement’s structures are in harmony with 1. Understanding conservation principles the surrounding environment. 2. Understanding the structure of the Over time, an area overcame changes that building which will undergo conservation vanished many of the heritage area’s authentic 3. Implementing conservation characters. ere are two things which inuence the changes, they are: changes in life-style of the e technical guidelines is made particularly building user and impact of disaster. for heritage building owners in the City of Padang, e needs to cater modern life style demand conservation architects, contractors, planners for changes in buildings’ lay-out and design. and government o cials involve in restoration, us, vernacular houses partially or fully alter into renovation, and maintenance of heritage modern houses. buildings. e technical guidelines is made with Many houses destroyed and damaged when the objectives: disasters such as earthquake hit thus immediate 1. To help owners of heritage buildings rehabilitation or redevelopment has to take place. to understand ways to implement Rehabilitation and redevelopment which mainly conservation activities. use new material and techniques compare to 2. To assist owners of heritage buildings the use of authentic traditional material and to understand Conservation Plan and technique will cause changes on the heritage area’s communicate it with designer and characters. Non-existing reference and inventory contractor of the conservation work.
38 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings CHAPTER 2
GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS
II.1. What are the Phases for Managing Post- II.3. What is Emergency Response Phase? Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings? II.3.1. Emergency response shall mean a series Disaster management consists of three phases, of measures conducted immediately which are disaster preparedness, emergency after disaster hit to handle emergency response and recovery. situations. II.3.2. e objective is to mitigate the impact of disaster on heritage buildings to become II.2. What is Preparedness Phase? worst. II.2.1. Preparedness shall mean a series of II.3.3. Example of emergency response activities preparation e orts to face emergency are Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment situations such as when a disaster strike and temporary structural reinforcements and understand how to deal with cultural to safeguard the heritage. heritage conservation during that time. II.2.2. e objective is to provide protection for II.4. What is Recovery Phase? the community against disaster threat. II.4.1. Recovery is a series of e orts to rehabilitate II.2.3. Example of disaster preparedness activities and reconstruct heritage buildings. are establishment of Heritage Emergency II.4.2. e objective is to restore an existing Response Team and Trainings to conduct heritage building to its previous good state regular inventory on heritage conditions. before disaster hit or to a better condition.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 39 II.4.3. Example of recovery activities are utilisation of a damaged heritage building rehabilitation, maintenance as well as post rehabilitation.
Picture 23. Phases of Heritage Buildings Conservation Management Cycle in Post-Disaster Situation
• Prepare and train the Heritage • Formulate a conservation Emergency Response Team plan • Formulate or renew/update • Manage conservation of heritage buildings inventory heritage buildings • Reinforced structures thus • Establish a society for heritage create disaster resistant management buildings DISASTER EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE
RECOVERY
• Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA) and Action Plan • Rescue and protect heritage components
Source: Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage (1998); modi ed
40 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings CHAPTER 3 PROCEDURES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS DURING PREPAREDNESS PHASE
III.1. What are the Necessary Preparations during area, possible disaster and human the Preparedness Phase? resource availability. III.1.1. Establishment of Heritage Emergency Response III.1.1.5. When necessary, HER can work together Team with the support of professionals. III.1.1.1. Establishment and preparation of III.1.2. Preparing Training Modules for Heritage Heritage Emergency Response Team Emergency Response Team (HER) which consist of community III.1.2.1. Human resource development for HER members that care for managing Post- is conducted through trainings. Disaster conservation of heritage III.1.2.2. Preparing modules for trainings by buildings. taking into consideration the scope of III.1.1.2. A group or individuals are able to disaster threat. establish Heritage Emergency Response III.1.3. Fund Raising Team and the team can be founded III.1.3.1. Recognising sources for support/ based on mutual agreements. funding, they are (1) government; (2) III.1.1.3. e role of HER is to assist community individuals; and (3) o cial support/ during in the implementation of disaster funding organisation. preparedness, emergency response and III.1.3.2. Fund seeking can be done through recovery. proposal on disaster preparedness III.1.1.4. HER decides on human resource for the activities for managing Post-Disaster implementation of emergency response conservation. by taking into consideration the scope of
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 41 III.2. What are the Programmes of Emergency III.2.2. Inventory Update Response Team during Preparedness Phase? III.2.2.1. Collecting various inventory or research/ III.2.1. Training study on heritage buildings conducted by III.2.1.1. Implementation of trainings for human group or institution, such as: resource development can be done in a. List or inventory of heritage buildings. collaboration with relevant institutions. b. Picture/map that are old and current III.2.1.2. At least two types of trainings need to be prepared, they are: which shows the existing heritage a. Organisational training and location. coordination with other relevant institutions; and b. Managing Post-Disaster conservation Case study 4. for heritage buildings training with Needs and Criteria of Required Maps an objective to enhance capacity in (Source: BPPI, 2009) conservation techniques. Map that we need consists of areal map and site plan, such as: Case Study 3. • Areal map A line map at 1:5000 scale serves as base map Establishment of Heritage Emergency to get data on land use, road network and areal Response Team use as base map for plan drawing. A line map can (Source: BPPI, 2009) be accompanied by an aerial map which can be The September 2009 earthquake caused damaged downloaded from GoogleEarth heritage buildings and cultural artefacts in Padang. - Site plan BPPI established HER which consists of architect A map at 1:1000 scale or 1:500 scale or bigger students from University of Bung Hatta (UBH), Centre for Architectural Conservation (Pusaka), IAI West Sumatra, BP3 Batusangkar, and other volunteers from BPPI, and was supported by Prince Claus Fund (PCF) and International National Trusts Organisation (INTO)
42 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings III.2.2.2. Inventory making by doing initial b. Heritage building’s social and cultural use inventory as well as updating existing relevant to training on arts, handicraft as documents. well as social activities.
III.2.2.3. Data collecting is: a. Elaboration on heritage building, such as architectural information as well as Case Study 6. non-architectural, latest condition and Documenting by Writing and Drawing vulnerability against disaster strike. (Source: BPPI, 2009) History of St. Leo Monastery
Case Study 5. St. Leo Monastery was founded in 1903. The building Documenting Original Structural represents a Gothic architecture in the City of Padang. Drawings of Heritage Buildings The monastery is a part of a convent of SCMM (Sororum (Source: BPPI, 2009) Caritatis a nostra Domina Matre Misericordia) complex.
It is recommended to have information about the condition of heritage building from its initial development aside from architectural and non-architectural information of the building. Old technical documents from design and development stage of the heritage building is one of the resource document we can get such information from. Generally, building designed in Dutch era has series of complete technical documents.
c. Information on disaster threat, consists of disaster-prone map and documents on the history of disasters and the impacts of the disasters.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 43 Case Study 7. III.3. What are the Preparations by Owners during Heritage Buildings Maintenance Preparedness Phase? (Source: BPPI, 2009) III.3.1. Heritage Building Assessment Traditional preservatives for wood is a mixture of Assessment on heritage building tobacco, skin of banana trunk and cloves. Regular conditions is to see for any structural preservation using the preservatives is very useful to prevent microbes from growing and to enhance damages that will makes it vulnerable to authentic wooden textures. disaster impact (see table 2).
III.3.2. Heritage Buildings Maintenance Regular maintenance aims at taking care of building’s materials to prevent structure deterioration and lengthen the age of the building thus stands strong against disaster, such as the earthquake.
Wooden structure of Rao Rao Mosque
Table 6. Heritage Buildings Maintenance (Source: BP3 DIY, 2010)
Type of Wood Decay and Deterioration • Mechanism damages such as cracking, breaking, arching and slanting even collapsing. • Regular cause by earthquakes. • Physical and chemical decays causing splits, changing of colours, rotting. • Regular cause by factors such as climate and changing of chemical elements of the wood • Biological decay • Regular cause by living organisms (termites, wood-boring insects, rots, ants, bees) or microorganisms (fungi, mold) • Damages by human such as sharp object scratches, gravities, stains, dirt.
44 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Type of Damage in Brick • Mechanical damages such as cracking on walls, breaking, arching, slanting and collapsing.
• Regular cause by earthquakes, cold lava runs down from volcanic eruption or tsunami.
III.3.3.3Heritage Buildings’ Structure Enhancement (If Necessary) Enhancement is done immediately after we nd a certain heritage building’s condition that can weaken the structure of the heritage building.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 45
CHAPTER 4 PROCEDURES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS DURING EMERGENCY RESPONSE
IV.1. Necessary Preparation during Emergency Response Phase? Case Study 8. IV.1.1 Fund Raising Heritage Emergency Response Coordination Post in Padang Fund raising is conducted through (Source: BPPI, 2009) proposal writing, which contain information on disaster and its impact on heritage and plan for emergency response The office of Bank of Indonesia in Padang which was a activities. former de javasche Bank is one of the buildings in saved condition after the September 2009 earthquake. The IV.1.2. Heritage Emergency Response Team Mobilization bank provides a room to use for coordination post inside it. It is located in Batang Arau Quarter and strategically and Information Dissemination on its Activities located as a starting point when conducting observation IV.1.2.1. Establishment of HER coordination and assessment around this heritage quarter. post that serves as emergency response activities information centre. IV.1.2.2. Information dissemination to relevant institution such as government, university and conservation organisation, as well as community, concerning the emergency response for heritage building programme being implemented in the area that’s su ered from the impact of the earthquake.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 47 DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION
III. COLUMN 1. Ornament/Column Capital a. Crack b. Broken c. Cracked Plaster d. Peeled Paint e. Shifted f. Destroyed 2. Column Shaft a. Crack b. Split c. Cracked Plaster d. Peeled Plaster e. Broken f. Shifted g. New Plaster 3. Column Base a. Crack b. Broken c. Cracked Plaster d. Peeled Plaster e. Shifted f. New Plaster 4. Splitting Column and Wall 5. Destroyed 6. New 7. New Plaster TITLE
IDENTIFIED BY
PAGE NO. TOTAL
Picture 24. Documentation on Damaged Heritage Buildings (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2009)
IV.2. What are the Activities of Heritage Emergency b. Scope of information refers to level Response Team during Emergency Response Phase? of damage (visually) and emergency IV.2.1. Developing Document on Damaged Heritage response needs (risks of collapsing, Rapid Assessment (DHRA) potential harm) IV.2.1.1. Activity De nition c. e objectives: a. e activity refers to and comprises i. To identify immediate actions of collecting eld information that necessary to rescue damaged describe heritage building’s condition heritage building during emergency immediately after disaster. response phase.
48 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings ii. To identify more needs for managing i. Field survey through mapping, conservation follow up activities assessment, measuring, recording IV.2.1.2. Developing Action Plan Document for physical conditions, visual mapping such as photograph taking and audio-visual Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of recording. Heritage Buildings ii. Interview with community and resource persons such as a structural expert. IV.2.1.2. Scope of Activity iii. Technical survey, refers to rapid damage identi cation and assessment on heritage a. Data collection covers the following building which can be categorized into activities: heavy, moderate and minor categories (see annexes).
Case Study 9. Map of Heritage Buildings Distribution in Padang Old Town Quarter (Source: Workshop-BPPI, 2010)
This map is an outcome of the workshop organised by Faculty of Architecture, University of Bung Hatta in collaboration with BPPI and a team of experts from the Heritage Agency, Ministry of Culture and Education Netherlands. Heritage buildings situated in Batang Arau Quarter have been comprehensively recorded and used as the basis for damaged heritage mapping.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 49 Table 7. Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA) (Source: DHRA-BPPI, 2009)
A9.1. Balai Kota Padang (Padang City Hall), known as Kantor Gementee Padang (Padang Gemeente Office), was built in 1938 by a Dutch architect, Thomas Karsten.
DAMAGE: Minor - Cracked walls, peeled plaster especially along the wall which connect to the building’s tower
ACTION - Detail assessments on damaged and measurement - Detail engineering design - Rehabilitation of walls
A9.1.2. Mesjid Raya Ganting (Ganting Grand Mosque), was founded circa 1700AD, stands on religious endowment land from seven ethnic groups which was handed over via Governor General Ragen Bakh.
DAMAGE: Heavy - Walls, ornaments and columns are collapsed, cracked and partly destroyed.
ACTION - Detail assessment on damages and measurement - Original design redraw - Detail engineering design - Reconstruction
50 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings IV.2.2. Formulation of Action Plan Document concerning IV.2.2.2. e objective is to identify any needs Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage for managing conservation of heritage Buildings buildings. IV.2.2.1 Heritage Emergency Response Team IV.2.2.3. Outcome documents are written and (HER) met with building owners or pictorial/drawing documents consist of community groups that own a heritage existing drawings such as lay-out, facade, building to make an agreement on priority partial which include the following data: heritage buildings for conservation. a. Architectural Data Case Study 10. Data on architectural conditions of the Physical Condition of St. Leo Monastery Building in Padang Old Town Quarter building relevant to components of (Source: BPPI, 2009) the building by taking into account authenticity, changes or alteration ever Documentation through photograph taking with result made. of photographs of shape and structural condition of the buildings. In order to be able to differentiate types and b. Data on Damages scopes of damage as well as authenticity of building’s elements, we can consult an expert while taking Data on building damages by taking into photograph of all elements. account factors that causing damage to the building
c. Areal Data Data on land conditions surrounding the building by taking into account location or position, land use, status of ownership and vegetation that may be su ered from disaster.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 51 Case Study 11. Preliminary Measurement of St. Leo Monastery (Source: BPPI, 2009)
Preliminary measurement of St. Leo Monastery in the City of Padang, consists of lay-out and three facade drawings.
52 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings IV.3. What are the Activities of Citizens during IV.3.3. The Salvage of Building Architectural Emergency Response Phase? Components IV.3.1. Inventory and Identi cation of Building Rescue of building components or Components elements by rst conducting precise Identi cation of building components recording and marking on speci c that have been moved from its original components. position, i.e., collapsed because of earthquakes. Case Study 13. Storage of Building Architectural IV.3.2. Cleaning the Building Components Building cleaning from debris and securing (Source: BPPI, 2009) the building to prevent the building from In order to maintain authenticity of the building’s shape, potentially harming people around it. therefore an organised rescue and store of building components and elements is necessary. First a precise recording and marking on specific components needs Case Study 12. to be done. In this example, we can see that roof tiles Building Cleaning Process of Padang Cathedral that can be reuse are stored and stacked organisely in a safe place. (Source: BPPI, 2009)
After Padang earthquake, residents living in Padang Old Town Quarter clean debris from their houses together.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 53 IV.3.4. Temporary Structural Stabilization Case Study 14. IV.3.4.1. Stabilization on damaged building Reinforced with Temporary Structure structures. (Source: BPPI, 2010) IV.3.4.2. e objective is to mitigate or prevent Manager of Wisma Sukma Indah in the City further building deterioration. of Padang put up a temporary structural IV.3.4.3. e need to identify factors that cause stabilization to support the building. the damages as well as potential damage in order for proper measure of temporary
structural stabilization.
IV.3.5. Action Plan Development IV.3.5.1. Together with Heritage Emergency Response Team, building owner or community group makes proposal for managing conservation of heritage buildings. IV.3.5.2. Community can propose criteria for a heritage building that need urgent conservation based on conditions found in the eld.
IV.4. What is a Way Forward after We Have the Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment and Action Plan Documents? IV.4.1. Dissemination of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA) document and action plan to become part of data collection own and manage by National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB), Regional Agency for Disaster
54 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Management (BPDB) and community IV.4.4. Institutions to inform and that can be group of heritage conservator and requested for technical expertise relevant manager. to managing Post-Disaster conservation IV.4.2. Publicly disseminate the outcome of of heritage buildings, among others are: DHRA through meeting forum, website a. Archaeological Conservation O ces development as well as e-mail/registered (BP3) in respective regions. e-mail to wider public, resources and b. Borobudur Conservation O ce observers (individual or organisation) for c. Indonesian Heritage Trust and its further input. heritage organisation partners in respective regions.
Case Study 15. Information dissemination on the Outcome of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (Source: BPPI, 2009)
Dissemination activity can be trough organising events such as exhibition, discussion/workshop on outcome of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment (DHRA). After DHRA activity in West Sumatra, Indonesian Heritage Trust organised an exhibition at HER.it.AGE Gallery, Griya BPPI on Jl. Veteran I No. 27, Jakarta. The exhibition which was organised from 13 to 30 November 2009 was inaugurated by Deputy V Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia. Among the audience are Minang community leaders such as Datuk Mangguang nan Sati and Officials from Municipal Government of the City of Padang.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 55
CHAPTER 5 PROCEDURES FOR POST-DISASTER RESTORATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS
V.1. Necessary Preparation during Recovery Phase V.2.1. Compiling Documentation on Heritage V.1.1. Fund Raising Buildings Development (History of Heritage Buildings) Seek for fund can be done through V.2.1.1. History of heritage building and historical proposal writing with information on aspects such as important event and cost and budget for heritage buildings happenings, and connection with an conservation written in it. important person in history. V.2.1.2. e objective is to explain history and historical signi cance as reference for V.1.2. Mobilization of Heritage Emergency Response construction technique of the heritage Team and Conservation Experts and Other Relevant building. Experts
Heritage Emergency Response Team and community contact and involve an expert V.2.2. Technical Document Writing or institution with expertise in heritage V.2.2.1. Measuring heritage building and its lay- conservation as a resource and eld advisor out to produce existing technical measured during recovery phase. drawings of building with information on damages (see annexes). V.2.2.2. In this drawing, notation and termi- V.2. Activities of Heritage Emergency Response nologies for building components shall Team during Recovery Phase use original terms.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 57 V.2.2.3. e objective of the document is V.2.3. Conservation Management Plan Document as a reference for problem analysis, Writing conservation identi cation, and V.2.3.1. Conservation management plan is conservation plan. formulated in a document on conservation plan which consist of observation on Case Study 16. Detailed Reconstruction Measuring and Case Study 17. Drawing for Jam Gadang (Grand Clock Observation of Damaged Heritage Tower) Buildings Components (Source: BPPI, 2010) (Source: BPPI, 2010)
Architectural documentation refers to ICOMOS Principles The objective of observation on heritage buildings is to (1996), while existing technical measured drawing refers collect data concerning construction, damages, factors to HABS/HAER guidelines for documentation (1993). and causes of damages. The data is compiled based on Example of field measuring and documentation activities components of building, such as floor, wall and roof and which was conducted in Jam Gadang (Grand Clock consist of type, size, type of damage and extend of damage. Tower), in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra are: studies of excavation, structural, earthquake simulation, 3D laser scanner, and other activities.
58 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 25. Technical Studies on Conservation Management Plan
Form Architectural Heritage Architectural Aspect Ornamental Building Conservation Element or Details
Heritage Conservation Building Plan
Structural Component Structural Structural Restoration/ Aspect Environment Reinforcement Rehabilitation or the land
architectural and structural aspects, damaged heritage building components. damage identi cation on forms and details, V.2.3.3. Grid system drawing to easily nd components and lay-out condition, as damages mentioned well as proposal for conservation plan. V.2.3.4. Code system in conservation document V.2.3.2. Identi cation is conducted by adding shall serves as reference Budget Plan and a check list into measured drawing Work Plan and Condition, so the three in Technical Document which shows documents can be related. For example,
DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION
III. COLUMN 1. Ornament/Column Capital a. Crack b. Broken c. Cracked Plaster d. Peeled Paint e. Moss 2. Column Shaft a. Crack b. Shatter c. Cracked Plaster d. Peeled Plaster e. Broken f. Shifted/Moved g. Broken Ceramic Tiles h. Loosen/Fall off Ceramic Tiles I. Moss 3. Column Base a. Crack b. Broken c. Cracked Plaster d. Peeled Plaster e. Shifted/Moved f. Broken Ceramic Tiles g. Loosen/Fall off Ceramic Tiles h. Moss 4. Splitting Column and Wall 5. Destroyed BUILDING NAME Picture 26. ST. LEO CHAPEL Documentation for Damaged IDENTIFIED BY: PUSAKA Heritage Building Components (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2009) PAGE NO TOTAL PG
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 59 DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION
VI. WALL 1. Crack 2. Broken 3. Destroyed 4. Peeled Plaster 5. Peeled Paint 6. Shifted/Moved 7. Moss
BUILDING NAME
ST. LEO CHAPEL Picture 27. IDENTIFIED BY:
PUSAKA Documentation for Component of Damaged PAGE NO TOTAL PG Wall (Source: Pusaka-BPPI, 2010)
in conservation document, code 1.1.1 is V.2.4. Implementation Document Writing oor work, therefore in the Budget Pland V.2.4.1. Technical Document and Work Plan and Condition the code is 1. Technical drawing of standard scale on also for oor work. minimum an A3 size paper based on the result V.2.3.5. Conservation to heritage buildings of technical calculation. pays attention to the uniqueness and 2. It shall be equipped with a standard letter authenticity of components of heritage head symbol on the right hand corner which buildings. mentions Occupation, Work Location, Date V.2.3.6. From studying and understanding of Record, Validation Signature, Drawing the heritage buildings the method of Picture and Detailed Drawing Title. conservation is decided, which is a total 3. Consist of existing condition drawing rehabilitation or only a particular part or including damaged location of building a reconstruction. components; land site; lay-out; facade; cross V.2.3.7. E orts shall be made to improve the section drawing; structural plan; structural building utilisation through adaptive reuse.
60 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Case Study 18. detail; architectural plan as well as architectural Conservation of Damaged Heritage and conservation details. Buildings Components (Source: BPPI, 2008) V.2.4.2. Calculation of Work Volume and Budget Identification of damages due to structural Plan vulnerability as impact of the earthquake. Every type of damage needs different treatment, 1. Detailed work volume according to type among others cleaning, injecting, filling, wall and component of physical work. Plan restoring, as well as preservation. Similar implementation and volume calculation into material can replace any damaged unrepairable phases. elements. 2. Budget Plan consists of the followings: a. A list of price per item and fee. b. Analysis of budget per work item (reference: SNI or BOW analysis) c. Analysis of budget plan for work consists of a total of work volume and price. d. Schedule of budget utilisation, in correlation with work schedule.
V.2.4.3. Conservation Plan Implementation Schedule
1. A comprehensive schedule is made, and shall be the reference to make Material Procurement Schedule and Human Resource Recruitment Schedule. 2. e schedule shall show physical conservation phases by taking into consideration human Rehabilitation of cracks in the wall of Jam Gadang resource limitations or structural and non- (Grand Clock Tower) 2008 by BP3 using implanted steel slink around the outer wall of level 1-2-3. structural work sequence.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 61 Picture 28. Documentation on St. Leo Monastery Conservation Management Process (Source: BPPI, 2010)
PLASTER RESTORATION
I. Plaster
Post earthquake After restoration condition
II.Grouting ROOF RESTORATION
Post earthquake condition New roof construction Condition after restoration CEILING RESTORATION
Post earthquake Ceiling restoration After restoration
62 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings V.2.5. Conservation Management Implementation V.2.6. Apply for Permits and Seek for Advise from Monitoring Relevant Authorities V.2.5.1. Heritage Emergency Response Team V.2.6.1. All building forms and shapes need involves in monitoring heritage approval for environmental development conservation and makes a monitoring harmony, including in the eld of heritage conservation. report which includes documentation of V.2.6.2. Restoration and building construction process. permits are required and issued by V.2.5.2. Refers to conservation process, Heritage municipal’s/district’s permit division. Emergency Response Team developed V.2.6.3. Advise from technical authorities such as a treatment and maintenance manual BP3 or local relevant institutions has to be which can be used by building owner after noti ed when heritage conservation takes building’s physical conservation has done. place. V.2.6.4. Consultation and permission from BP3 is mandatory to complete technical Case Study 19. and building construction permit if the Utilising Authentic or Compatible Materials heritage building is an item of cultural (Source: BPPI, 2010) property.
Optimal use of authentic materials. Should there be material replacement or addition, physical or esthetic V.3. The Role of Heritage Building Owners during characteristics shall be in harmony and compatible with Recovery Phase the authentic material. Coordinator is responsible to V.3.1. Involvement during Conservation Management make sure the use of proper material. Implementation V.3.1.1. Folk heritage conservation can be implemented by community, but has to be technically sound. V.3.1.2. Heritage buildings conservation work can be achieved though the following ways: 1. Training of building rehabilitation conservator and conservation skills for community;
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 63 2. Training of building conservator 3. Occasional maintenance depends on coordinator on knowledge and skills emergency or pressing issue being on heritage building; and faced at that time. 3. Advocacy and assistance from professionals such as Heritage V.3.3. Involvement in Heritage Buildings Utilization Emergency Response team or the V.3.3.1. Heritage building can be use as space relevant authorities. for social activities as well as economy to support maintenance of the building. V.3.2. Involvement in Maintenance V.3.3.2. Its utilisation for commercial activities, V.3.2.1. Maintenance is the responsibility of which is not threatening the conservation owner, or institution that own the building of the building, in harmony with its V.3.2.2. For heavy maintenance, skilled third surrounding. party service or assistance can be utilised. V.3.2.3. Maintenance by community shall consists of: Case Study 20. 1. Monitoring cleaning and maintenance Heritage Buildings Utilisation of heritage buildings regularly; (Source: BPPI, 2011) 2. Monitoring heritage building’s Adaptive reuse of the building, as a venue for damages; meetings and discussions, by community (Bank 3. Monitoring and maintenance of Indonesia - Muaro, Padang) heritage buildings to ensure that the building is in safe condition. V.3.2.4. Maintenance can be a routine, regular or occasional maintenance, such as: 1. Routine maintenance is conducted in regular frequency, such as daily or weekly; 2. Regular maintenance is conducted in period of monthly, trimonthly, semi- annual to yearly.
64 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings V.4. Technical Examples of Managing Post-Disaster Picture 29. Example of Damaged Bearing Wall without Reinforced Conservation of Heritage Buildings during Recovery Columns Phase (Source: BPPI, 2009) V.4.1. Structural Work Structural work of building starts with detailed identi cation of building’s structural condition in order to stabilize and rehabilitate weakened building’s structural parts that can jeopardize conservation by trying to restore it. Rehabilitation based on structural characteristics consists of the whole walls, columns and wood and steel blocks. Consultation with structural experts for wall cracks inspection and check.
V.4.1.1. Reinforcement by Concrete Houses where bearing walls don’t use reinforcement, cracks and collapse caused by structural shift due to earthquakes. In order to avoid further damages, concrete reinforcement beams shall be added in brick walls rehabilitation.
V.4.1.2. Reinforcement by Injection Injection is a way to rehabilitate brick For any cracks bigger than 3 mm, crack walls in order to rejoin splitting wall parts rehabilitation shall use modi ed cement materials due to cracks. When cracks are less than (cement and additive grouting and bonding liquid 3 mm, cracks can be xes with system of agent) using low pressure injection as well. low pressure injection of resin.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 65 Picture 30. Wall Restoration: Epoxy Injection for the Rehabilitation of St. Leo Monastery (Source: BPPI, 2010)
Picture 31. Reinforced Wall using Hexagonal Wire Mesh for the Rehabilitation of St. Leo Monastery (Source: BPPI, 2010)
66 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings V.4.1.3. Reinforcement by Wire Mesh V.4.2. Architectural Work Damaged walls but in safe conditions can e objective is to maintain authenticity be mended by installation of wire mesh. First of architectural components by maintaining the old plaster can be scraped clean followed by authentic interior and building’s elements such as installation of BRC steel wire mesh 4-5 mm with motif cement oor tiles. mesh measured 15/15 tied using U steel rod to the walls. Once reinforcement work nished, wall V.4.2.1. Floor Part shall be re-plastered as thick as the original plaster a. Earthquake motions or falling building or minimum 25 mm thick. induced cracked or lowered/raised oor.
Picture 32. Damaged Floor and its Restoration for the Rehabilitation of St. Leo Monastery (Source: BPPI, 2011)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 67 b. Floor work is xing lowered or raised oor and oor coat to maintain or restore old or similar type or size materials. c. Identify oor material and manufacture or craftsmen to produce similar replacement materials if a damaged oor restoration is necessary.
V.4.2.2. Wall Part Identify wall type. If it is a brick wall di erentiate it with walls serve as structural or bearing walls. is type of wall is thicker than current walls. Maintenance for this type of wall can be seen from structural work part. Panel walls can be found in shophouses, is another type of wall aside from the brick ones.
Picture 34. Example of Wood Wall Panels (Source: BPPI, 2010)
a. Plaster Restoration - Facade walls have been painted over and over and exposed to sun light and rain, thus if restoration is to be done to brick walls, the walls have to be scraped and peeled rst. Picture 33. Example of Floor using the Old Floor Covering Material - Prior to plaster work, plaster example should (Source: BPPI, 2011) be applied.
68 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 35. Wall Scraping and Cleaning before Painting (Source: BPPI, 2010) b. Paint Restoration restorations. As well as cracked, damaged, - Scraping away the layers to determine the moist and fungal damage parapet original colour. Original colour is reference restorations and other restorations based for the wall paint authentic/true colour. on eld observation.
- Identify important elements such as colours - Ornamental restoration, scraping and peeling and materials that brings out the unique of the wall together with the wall work. values/characters of the building by taking Documentation of ornaments as an e ort into consideration its original condition to restore it to its original forms. when rst built. - Similar to wall work, prior to plaster work, wall plaster example with a mixture of c. Ornamental Restoration proper materials shall be applied on the - Plaster work consists of wall ornament, wall. pro les, column capital and pilaster capital and main entrance stairs balustrade
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 69
Picture 36. Example of Wall Reliefs in Dutch Architectural Style (Source: BPPI, 2010)
Picture 37. A Number of Door and Window Frames Style in Chinese Shophouses (Source: BPPI, 2010)
70 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 38. Door and Window Panels Cleaning before Repainting (Source: BPPI, 2010)
V.4.2.3. Door and Window Parts be made following the originals to replace - Identify form, type, proportion and size of the damaged or missing parts. every door/window.
- Restore all the replaced door/window to its V.4.2.4. Ceiling Part original form by taking into consideration - Restoring the ceiling into its original all details of the door/window. form. - Door work consists of restoration of - Adding ceiling elements after studying wooden frame and door, repainting and the use and shall not ruin characteristics varnishing the wood, xing and repainting of aesthetic elements which is a part of the of wrought iron trellis. building’s interior character. - e objective is to maintain and restore all window and door elements, such as V.4.2.5. Frame and Roo ng Parts structure, frame, glass, eaves and roo ng which de nes the style of architecture and - Roo ng of buildings are not always the character of the building. same. Sometimes on the roof, building - One of the unique qualities is the use has uilendzolder, with a small gable (a of stained glass. Stained glass shall be gablet) above it. maintained and if necessary replica shall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 71 Picture 39. Example of Stained Glass Window (Source: BPPI, 2011)
72 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Picture 40. Wood Ceiling in Chinese Shophouses (Source: BPPI, 2011)
- Other than that, pay careful attention size, form, colour and texture point of to proper replacement of damaged roof view. shingles with material similar to the - As for roof structural frame, it is important original roof shingles from composition, to maintain original roo ng style especially if it uses timber trust roof.
Picture 41. Example of Unique Elements on the Roof (Source: BPPI, 2010)
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 73
Chapter 6
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
VI.1. What is Sustainable Heritage Building enthusiasts in respective region is a Management? guarantee for sustainable heritage building VI.1.1. Sustainable heritage building management conservation management. is a series of continuous e orts to conserve heritage buildings, activities such as VI.2.2. Enhancing Government Roles protection, utilisation and development, V.2.2.1. Government has the authority to control by taking into consideration risks factors Post-Disaster management of heritage of disasters. building in accord with conservation VI.1.2. Example of a sustainable management principles. e ort is establishment and continuing V.2.2.2. All forms of building construction capacity enhancement of community needs permission, including heritage group in each region. conservation relevant constructions. V.2.2.3. Seeking advice and expertise from relevant institutions such as local o ce of Culture VI.2. What are the Steps to Promoting Sustainable and Tourism and BP3 is necessary aside Management? from getting permits of restoration and VI.2.1. Establishment of Concerned Citizens Group building construction from permits and VI.2.1.1. Community group and advocates of licensing o ce in respective municipality/ heritage conservation consists of heritage district. building owners, handicraft development V.2.2.4. Government plays an important role and culture activists as well as conservation in providing consultation via O ce
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 75 of Public Work, O ce of Culture and Case Study 21. Tourism, BP3 and Community Group Role of Heritage Organisations of advocates and practitioners concerning (Source: BPPI, 2010) conservation management plan document in their region. BPPI and local partner organisations implemented V.2.2.5. Implementation of heritage building Rapid Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment. It is one conservation management at least shall of examples of heritage organisations involvement in conservation activities in Padang. involves the followings: 1) O ce of Public Work: to give advise on city planning and construction techniques; 2) Permits and Licensing O ce: to get a Building Construction Permit (IMB) 3) O ce of Culture and Tourism: to support with heritage studies; 4) BP3: to provide technical advise and assistance on heritage building restoration. VI.2.3.2. e heritage organisation in its practices VI.2.3. Enhancing Involvement of Heritage are truly a motor in heritage conservation Organisations e orts. VI.2.3.1. Heritage conservation activities required multidisciplinary input and expertise Sustainable management of Post-Disaster such as architect, historian, archaeologist, conservation of heritage buildings very much journalist, and others. As well as rely on local community within the heritage academicians such as students who want area. Prior to rehabilitation and reconstruction to be volunteer, or do internship during of damages due to the disasters, maintenance and heritage conservation work by heritage optimalisation of heritage buildings’ functions organisation. depended on its society. Community’s care and appreciation is shown through the existence of
76 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings management plan, division of social roles in order to enhance the capacity of this government, the utilisation of heritage buildings for public heritage conservation can be assisted via function and enhance cultural activities inside establishment of heritage management technical the buildings. Slowly the community started to capacity enhancement tools to government and move to explore heritage potentials they have community, and to provide constant advocacy into investment activities that will enhance their and assistant to motivate heritage movement economy and welfare. within community’s daily life and to provide Community based management also includes assistance in knowledge development concerning advise and direction from the government heritage activities from a variety of study subjects especially relevant institution to law and policies and professions. aspects which regulate conservation practices. In
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 77 78 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings EPILOG
very event that occurs in life, holds a purpose. particular area. e tangible heritage provides the Over the last decade, various natural disasters space for community’s to have a vibrant activities have hit Indonesia and had caused damages and potential charms for heritage investment in the andE loses due to the catastrophe. e disasters have area. When natural disasters stroke, recovery e orts given us an invaluable lesson for heritage conservation for rehabilitation and reconstruction should take into in Indonesia. Amidst limited attention given to cultural consideration the recovery of such folk heritage in a heritage conservation and diminishing practices of comprehensive manner. traditions, physical and social destruction caused A series of proper rehabilitation and reconstruction by natural disasters made us realise the importance e orts should be implemented carefully especially of comprehensive Post-Disaster recovery e orts for during restoration and rehabilitation of buildings rehabilitation and reconstruction and conservation of destroyed by the disasters. We should avoid mass heritage assets within disaster victims area. building design, commonly due to budget limitations Our community started to realise the importance and time pressure from donors, by conducting a process of socio-cultural activities in their daily life. Creative of preliminary study and assessment on traditional local industry such as arts and crafts products represent and cultural signi cance of the area and how those an important economic activity of the community. elements inuenced the atmosphere of activities and e same could be said of local tangible heritage assets spatial plan in the area. ose are inseparable factors especially vernacular houses and heritage buildings for the revitalisation of tradition and culture activities inherited from particular historical periods, as well within the context of rehabilitation and reconstruction as of other heritage assets exist in harmony within a for optimise spatial and building functions. Including
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 79 e orts to encourage and enhance capacity of Heritage Rapid Assessment conducted by volunteers, community for preparedness and readiness to face accompanied with dialogues, discussion and workshop future natural disasters. to make detail conservation plan of heritage area by the government together with community members, as well Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation as concerning individual and sporadic conservations of of Heritage Buildings is a strategic reference to assist heritage buildings and conservation conducted by the the community during implementation of the holistic government and heritage rescue assistance programme approach mentioned. Community is the subject in supported by national and international institutions. respective local rehabilitation and reconstruction e orts. e Padang experience gave an overall We are hoping that the Padang experience overview on how heritage building conservation provides a positive inspiration to those advocates and was implemented in collaboration with relevant conservators of heritage buildings in other regions stakeholders including the primary actor, community of Indonesia, and contributes a valuable insight for member. e activities was started with the Damaged global heritage movement.
Catrini P. Kubontubuh Executive Director, IHT
80 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Annex - 1
Table of Inventory and Damaged Heritage Buildings Rapid Assessment in Post-Disaster City of Padang 2009
A.1.1. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 36 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed building's rear wall
A.1.2. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Batipuah Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Tilted left-side wall • Collapsed rear wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 81 A.1.3. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 50 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed left-side wall • Collapsed second oor • Collapsed inner wall • Tilted column
A.1.4. Warehouse and Residential Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 64 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed rear wall • Collapsed roof bearing wall • Cracked wall
A.1.5. Residential Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 64 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • The threat of collapse left-side wall
82 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.1.6. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 66, 68 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed facade and roof Collapsed wall • Tilted column • Damaged building ornaments
A.1.7. Residential Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 76 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Peeled and cracked wall plastered • Broken window glasses
A.1.8. Residential Jl. Pasar Batipuah No. 90 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed right-side roof bearing wall • Broken roofing
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 83 A.1.9. CV Surya Bhakti Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuah Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Collapsed roof bearing wall • Damaged roofing • Broken window glasses
A.1.10a. Residential Jl. Pasar Malintang Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building's rear side
A.1.10. Residential Jl. Pasar Malintang Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed building's rear (leaving only the facade)
84 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.1.11. Motorcycle Workshop Jl. Pasar Malintang Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed rear wall
A.2.1. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Borong III Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Tilted structure
A.2.2. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Borong III Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Tilted structure • Lowered floor • Broken upper timber frame
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 85 A.2.3. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Lowered floor • Cracked wall
A.2.4. Muhammadan Mosque Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 328/BCB/ - TB/SMB This mosque is known as Keling Mosque, due to its location in Kampung Keling. The building has undergone several changes of room addition. The only original parts kept are the front verandah and main praying room for the men. Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked wall • Timber inner wall fell off and lots of cracks • Cracked column • Broken upper timber • Cracked minaret and damaged top
86 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.2.5. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Broken column • Broken window glasses • Collapsed inner wall • Broken wall and column
A.2.6. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: Minor Damage • Collapsed and cracked wall • Damaged floor tiles
A.2.7. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Broken wooden panels • Collapsed inner brick wall • Collapsed floor • Damaged ornaments
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 87 A.2.8. Gazaira Printing Jl. Pasar Batipuh No. 43 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Collapsed left and right bearing walls • Collapsed floor • Collapsed rear roof • Cracked floor
A.2.9. House of Ashes Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed side walls
A.2.10. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh No. 41 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed side walls • Collapsed roof • Cracked in some walls
88 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.2.11. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed wall • Collapsed roof • Cracked in some walls
A.2.12. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Tilted building (structural damage) • Cracked wall • Lowered floor
A.2.13. Residential Jl. Pasar Batipuh Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked column • Collapsed building's rear Follow up actions: • Assessment and detailed damage measurement • Survey and record of old material, classification and measurement • Rehabilitation
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 89 A.2.14. Residential Jl. Pasar Batipuh No. 65 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed wall • Broken column (arched)
A.3.1. Residential (Asbon Family) Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 48/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage (No. 2) • Broken facade of building No. 2 • Destroyed roof of building No. 2, 4, 6 and gable No. 2 • Collapsed inner building and second floor
A.3.2. Cement distributor warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 24, 26, 28 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 49/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage (No. 24) • Facade is in good condition, but cracked upper facade • Collapsed roof of building No. 24 • Destroyed gable of building No. 28 and covered by corrugated iron shingle • Collapsed inner part and second floor of building No. 24
90 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.3.3. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 30 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Facade is in good condition, but with broken front column • Collapsed rear roof of the building • Damaged right-side gable of the building • Damaged building interior
A.3.4. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 36, 38, 40 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Good condition building facade • Damaged building interior • Collapsed rear roof
A.3.5. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Good condition building facade • Damaged building interior • Collapsed rear roof • Collapsed inter-blocks connecting gable
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 91 A.3.6. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 74-78 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Hilir, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Facade is in good condition, split column to wall connection • Damaged interior • Collapsed rear roof • Destroyed right gable and covered by corrugated iron shingle (building No. 74)
A.3.7. Co ee Shop (Bulek House) Jl. Pasar Hilir Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: No damage
A.4.1. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 1, 3, 5 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Renovated middle building with style change (No. 3) • Collapsed interior of building No. 1 and 5 and second floor
92 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.4.2. Residential Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 7 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Identifiable facade • Collapsed roof • Destroyed gable • Destroyed interior
A.4.3. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed facade • Collapsed roof • Destroyed gable
A.4.4. Residential Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 19 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Destroyed gable • Heavily damaged interior • Collapsed walls
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 93 A.4.5. Residential Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 21, 23 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Good condition facade • Collapsed left side gable • Cracked in most walls
A.4.6 CV Apache Jaya Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 39 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Hilir, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Good condition facade • Collapsed left side gable • Collapsed roof and second floor
A.4.7. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 41 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Good condition facade • Destroyed left and right sides gables
94 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.4.8. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 43, 45 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Good condition facade • Damaged left side gable • Collapsed roof and second floor • Few broken window glasses
A.4.9. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 41, 43 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Stand up facade, collapsed roof and rear
A.4.10. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Hilir No. 41, 43 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Stand up facade, heavily damage interior
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 95 A.5.1. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 4, 6, 8 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed rear roof and second floor • Broken and split gable • Damaged interior • Good condition facade of building No. 4 and 6
A.5.2. Shophouse and Residential Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 12 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged rear roof and floor tiles • Broken gable • Cracked wall • Destroyed interior wall
A.5.3. Residential Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 14, 16, 18 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked second floor wall • Broken gable
96 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.5.4. Hotel Nagara Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 20, 22, 24 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 51/BCB-TB/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged inter-building connecting gable • Damaged roof and interior
A.5.5. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 26 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed inter-building connecting gable • Damaged roof and interior
A.5.6. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Hilir, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed inter-building connecting gable • Damaged roof and interior • Collapsed rear wall and second floor
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 97 A.5.7. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 40, 42, 44, 46 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged inter-building connecting gable • Damaged roof and interior • Few broken window glasses
A.5.8. Gedung Juang '45 IHT Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 50 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 07/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially damaged building condition • Damaged ceiling • Split column and wall connection • Damaged and tilted to the left stairs
98 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.5.9. Residential and Warehouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 66 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof (No. 52) • Cracked wall, tilted left column (No. 54) • Renovated building (No. 56) • Collapsed roof and second floor (No. 58) • Good condition building, minor damaged roof (No. 60) • Collapsed roof and second floor (No. 62) • Collapsed roof, liveable first floor (No. 64) • Heavily damaged inter-block connecting gable (No. 66)
A.5.10. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 68, 70, 72 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Good condition facade, damaged rear roof and second floor. • Collapsed right wall No. 72 • Few broken window glasses
A.5.11. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 74 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed second floor walls
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 99 A.5.12. Padang Vernacular House Jl. Ranah Binuang No. 21 Kel. Ranah Parak Rumbio, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 73/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Moderate Damage • Damaged front stairs of verandah/terrace • Collapsed eaves of verandah/terrace • Damaged and irreparable wooden floor
A.6.1. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Mudik No. 4, 7 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Intact facade of building No. 7, destroyed second floor wall, cracked rst oor wall, and collapsed gable • Intact facade No. 4, damaged and cracked interior wall, collapsed roof
A.6.2. Residential and warehouse Jl. Pasar mudik No. 23, 27 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Intact facade No. 23, destroyed right wall, and cracked column • Intact facade No. 27, destroyed and cracked wall, destroyed interior
100 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.6.3. Residential and warehouse Jl. Pasar mudik No. 33, 35 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Intact facade of building No. 33, destroyed right wall • Damaged gable • partially damaged interior
A.6.4. Residential and Shop Jl. Pasar mudik No. 37, 39 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: No Damage • Cracked and crumbled wall of building No. 37 • Hair line cracked in wall of building No. 39
A.7.1. Train Station Jl. Pulau Air Kel. Palinggam, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 390/BCB-TB/SMB Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked and fallen wall • Fallen column and wall • Lowered floor
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 101 A.7.2. Train Station I (Support) Jl. Pulau Air Kel. Palinggam, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed middle bearing wall • Collapsed roof • Broken and collapsed column
A.7.3. Station Kereta Api (Support) Jl. Pulau Air Kel. Palinggam, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed middle bearing wall • Cracked wall • Collapsed roof • Broken column
A.8.1. M. Yatim Family Home Jl. Pasar Malintang No. 2-10 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 46/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed facade • Collapsed arcade • Destroyed roof and gable • Lowered floor
102 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings A.8.2. H. Sutan Zainuddin Residential Jl. Pasar Malintang No. 20 Kel. Pasar Gadang, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 47/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Collapsed right wall
B.1.1. O ce of Road Infrastructure, Spatial Plan and Settlement Jl. Batang Arau No. 82, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked wall • Crack plaster • Broken truss • Partially damaged roof
B.1.2. O ce of Hiswana Oil & Gas/Pertamina Jl. Batang Arau No. 78, Padang. Inventory No.: 41/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked facade • Cracked interior wall plaster • Fallen roof tiles • Collapsed left fence • Damaged ceiling • Lowered floor • Cracked floor • Broken timber
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 103 B.1.3. O ce of Army Logistics Jl. Batang Arau No. 76, Padang. Inventory No.: 22/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged facade • Broken column of the facade • Damaged exterior wall • Damaged column • Collapsed interior wall
B.1.4. Church Jl. Batang Arau No. 74, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked facade • Cracked plaster • Collapsed left-right wall • Destroyed ceiling • Lowered truss
B.1.5. Shop of PT Amindo Corporation Jl. Batang Arau No. 73, Padang. Inventory No.: 39/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Minor cracked facade • Damaged ceiling • Hair line cracked wall
104 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings B.1.6. Bank of Indonesia Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: 38/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: No Damage • Collapsed rear fence
B.2.1 Warehouse Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapse damage • Cracked left and right wall • Lowered truss • Heavily damaged interior wall • Cracked column • Tilted left wall
B.2.2. Warehouse of PT Panca Niaga Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: 21/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Lowered floor • Shifted and broken roof
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 105 B.2.3. Warehouse of PT Darma Niaga Jl. Batang Arau, Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: • Collapsed wall • Collapsed roof • Peeled plaster
B.2.4. Warehouse of PT Minang Caissa Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Damaged wall (hair line cracked, cracked and peeled plaster) • Totally damaged roof • Damaged ceiling
B.2.5. Warehouse of PT Tirta Niaga Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Hair line cracked wall • Collapsed ceiling • Cracked floor • Broken window frame • Broken window glasses • Cracked column plastered
106 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings B.2.6. Kerta Niaga Building Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: 37/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Hair line cracked and collapsed wall • Peeled plaster • Damaged ornaments • Collapsed truss and windows
B.2.7. Bank Mandiri Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: 17/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked wall
B.2.8. Building of PT Deli Agung Patria Perkasa Jl. Batang Arau, Padang Inventory No.: 36/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Moderate Damage • Hair line cracked and collapsed wall • Cracked column • Peeled plaster • Collapsed second floor • Collapsed second floor fence • Cracked ornaments
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 107 B.2.9. Shop and Travel Agent Jl. Batang Arau No. 24, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed, cracked and hair line cracked wall • Broken window glasses and door • Damaged ornaments • Partially collapsed second floor railing • Partially collapsed second floor • Collapsed ceiling
B.2.10. Pertamina Gas Warehouse Jl. Batang Arau, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Peeled corrugated iron roof • Partially collapsed second floor
B.3.1. Batang Arau Hotel Jl. Batang Arau, Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Hair line cracked and damaged wall • Cracked and broken ornaments • Broken and hair line cracked floor • Tilted and broken column
108 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings B.3.2. PT Perusahaan Perdagangan Indonesia Jl. Arau No. 23 RT 03 RW 01, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed wall of verandah/terrace • Damaged cantilever • Destroyed whole second floor
B.3.3. Societa Commissionaria Jl. Arau No. 21 RT 03 RW 01 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed second level floor
B.3.4. Warehouse Jl. Arau No. 19 RT 03 RW 01 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially collapsed second level floor • Cracked first level • Collapsed upper left side wall • Cracked walls
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 109 B.3.5. Residential Jl. Arau No. 17 RT 03 RW 01 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall-to-timber joints • Collapsed column has been replaced with new one • Collapsed right side wall
B.3.6. Warehouse Jl. Arau No. 9 RT 03 RW 01 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked and collapsed right, middle, left, and front columns • Cracked left side wall • Cracked and bended timber
B.3.7. Residential Jl. Arau No. 03 RT 03 RW 01 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed upper wall and ceiling • Cracked stairs • Cracked right & front walls • Cracked right & left column • Destroyed floor • Cracked interior columns
110 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings B.4.1. PT Buana Andalas (Buana Andalas Limited Company) Jl. Arau No. 20 Padang Inventory No: 34/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Hair lines cracked wall • Cracked floor • Peeled plaster • Broken ornaments • Broken window • Broken window glasses
B.4.2. Hong Jang Hoo Building Jl. Arau No. 14 RT 14 RW 3, Padang. Inventory No.: 14/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed front facade • Collapsed wall • Broken truss • Damaged column • Damaged second floor (small holes)
B.4.3. Warehouse Jl. Aray No. 12 RT 3 RW 1, Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked floor • Damaged stairs • Tilted second floor facade • Broken window frame • Collapsed column • Collapsed truss • Collapsed second floor wall • Peeled plaster • Damaged ornaments
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 111 B.4.4. Warehouse of PT Cipta Niaga Jl. Kelenteng No. 17 RT 03 RW 01, Padang Inventory No.: 15/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged second floor wall • Broken truss • Peeled plaster • Damaged ornaments • Hair line cracked and damaged facade
B.4.5. Warehouse Jl. Kelenteng No. 18 RT 03 RW 01, Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked wall • Hair line cracked facade • Detached water tower • Damaged roof
B.4.6. Residential Jl. Kelenteng No, 19 RT 03 RW 01, Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked floor • Hair line cracked and damaged wall • Cracked plaster of column • Tilted window
112 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings C.1.1a. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 343 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Stand up facade, 3-10 cm cracked wall • Collapsed roof, second floor, side wall
C.1.1b. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 341 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed left side wall • Partially collapsed second floor • Intact facade, cracked walls
C.1.2. Futsal Court Jl. Kelenteng II No. 335 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Intact facade, cracked wall • Cracked column base • Collapsed second floor and wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 113 C.1.4. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 333 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked wall
C.1.5. Himpunan Tjinta Teman Jl. Kelenteng II No. 331 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 44/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall, peeled plaster • Cracked column
C.1.6. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 330 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked wall • Visually liveable
114 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings C.1.7. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No 325 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Intact facade, cracked wall, peeled plaster • Destroyed roof and rear wall Follow-up action: • Survey and record of old materials, classification and measurement • Redraw original design • Reconstruct Restoration budget estimate:
C.1.8. Residential Jl. Kelentenf II No. 323 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Total damage, intact facade with cracked walls
C.1.9. See Hing Kiong Temple Jl. Kelenteng No. 321 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: 06/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Peeled and fell off plaster • Collapsed wall ornaments • Collapsed left and right interior wall • Broken roof tiles and ceiling • Collapsed and broken wall ornaments
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 115 C.1.10. Residential Jl. Kelenteng No. 313 Kel.. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked wall
C.1.11. Residential Jl. Kelenteng No. 305 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • No visible damage to the exterior
C.1.12. Residential Jl. Kelenteng No. 301 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed roof • Cracked wall • Peeled plaster
116 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings C.2.1. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 244 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Totally collapsed
C.2.2. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 282 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Structural cracked in facade wall • Collapsed right side wall • Damaged floor
C.2.3. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 278 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked wall and detached wall joints • Destroyed interior estimated • Peeled plaster • Cracked column
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 117 C.2.4. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 276 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked wall and column
C.2.5. Residential Jl. Kelenteng II No. 268 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked facade wall • Peeled plaster • Detached wall about 5cm cracked • Collapsed truss • Collapsed timber wall • Cracked column
C.2.6. Warehouse and swi et house Jl. Kelenteng II No. 330 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Destroyed second floor wall • Tilted first floor wall • Broken window glass
118 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings C.2.7. Residential (NEW) Jl. Kelenteng I No. 2 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Toppled timber frame • Detached timber and party-wall • Peeled plaster
C.2.8. PO Travel and TOP Express and Residential Jl. Kelenteng I No. 8 Kel. Batang Arau. Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially collapsed wall • Cracked wall • Peeled column plaster
C.2.9. Warehouse Jl. Kelenteng I No. 17 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Peeled plaster • Partially collapsed party-wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 119 C.3.1. Shophouse Jl. Kelenteng Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building except for the facade
C.3.2. HBT Mortuary Jl. Kelenteng Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building except for the facade
C.3.3. Shophouse Jl. Pasar Borong III Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked wall with more or less 3 cm split gap • Partially collapsed ceiling and roof • Collapsed second floor wall
120 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings C.3.4. Warehouse Jl. Pasar Borong III No. 4 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building except for the facade
C.3.5. Shophouse (NEW) Jl. Pasar Borong III No. 14 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed rear building except for the facade • Cracked column of the facade • Tilted facade • Detached party-wall
C.3.6a. Residential (NEW) Jl. Pasar Borong III No. 22 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed side wall except for the facade • Collapsed second floor • Partially collapsed roof
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 121 C.3.6b. Residential & Workshop (NEW) Jl. Pasar Borong III No. 20 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Intact facade • Cracked column and wall • Broken window and glass
C.3.6c. Residential (NEW) Jl. Pasar Borong III No. 20 Kel. Batang Arau, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked party-wall • Cracked facade column • Relatively intact facade • Damaged wooden panel and facade window
D.1.1. Karya Theatre and Shop Jl. Pondok Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Tilted minaret • Tilted facade wall • Cracked and split wall Follow-up action: • Detailed damaged assessment and measurement • Old material survey and record, classification and measurement • Rehabilitation • Restoration budget estimate:
122 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings D.1.2. Residential Jl. Pondok Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially collapsed truss and roof • Collapsed rear wall • Detached ornament
D.1.3. Shophouse Jl. Thamrin Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: Damage: No Damage
D.2.1. Row shop Jl. Pondok Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Destroyed facade and facade (c, d, e) • Collapsed second floor facade wall and roof • Cracked wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 123 D.3.1. Kinol Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage (Building is in good condition, but the minaret is missing) • Cracked wall
D.3.2. Shop Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok. Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: Damage: Heavy Damage • Tilted column • Broken timber • Collapsed facade wall • Damaged wall ornament
D.3.3. Shop Jl. Niaga Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Collapsed rear wall
124 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings D.3.4. Shop Jl. Niaga Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: No Damage
D.4.1 Atlas Shop Jl. Pondok Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed walls • Damaged roof
D.4.2. Row Shop (Pagi Sore Restaurant) Jl. Pondok Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed wall • Collapsed second floor • Damaged roof
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 125 D.4.3 and D.4.4 Row Shophouses Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage
D.4.5. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: No Damage
D.4.6. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed second floor wall
126 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings D.4.7. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked wall
D.4.8. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: No Damage
D.4.9. Warehouse Jl. HOS Cokrodinoto Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: No Damage • Hair line cracked wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 127 D.5.1. Warehouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - We can see from the picture that there is new building structure. Damage: No Damage
D.5.2. Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially collapsed roof • Collapsed second floor wall
D.5.2a. Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: No Damage
128 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings D.5.3. Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed upper front wall • Cracked wall • Missing ornaments
D.5.4., D.5.5., D.5.6. Row Shop Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Collapsed gable • Cracked floor
D.5.7. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed 6 shophouses
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 129 D.5.8. Row Shophouses Jl. AR Hakim Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed roof • Collapsed second roof
D.6.1. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Lowered floor • Cracked wall-to-column joint
D.6.2. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed facade and arcade • Collapsed roof • Destroyed second floor wall
130 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings D.6.3., D.6.4. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang. Inventory No.: - Damage: destroyed 4 shophouses, minor damaged 2 shophouses • Cracked wall • Partially destroyed roof • Cracked floor • Destroyed arcade and facade
D.6.5. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavily damaged 2 shophouses, 3 shophouses are in safe conditions • Destroyed 2 shophouses • Partially collapsed left side wall • Partially collapsed second floor
D.6.6. Row Shophouse Jl. Niaga Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed two buildings
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 131 D.7.1. Residential (Government) Jl. AR. Hakim Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked walls • Detached right rear column
D.7.2. SMK (School) Jl. AR. Hakim Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang No. Inventory: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked and damaged gable • Detached right rear column
E.1. Padang City Hall Jl. Prof. M. Yamin, SH No. 70 Kec. Padang Barat. Padang Inventory No.: 09/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked and damaged wall • Peeled wall plaster
132 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings E.2. KODIM Jl. Thamrin No. 5 Kec. Padang Barat. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Collapsed front ceiling • Peeled and hair line cracked left wall plaster • Hair line cracked and tilted left and rear walls
E.3. Merah Putih Monument (Tugu Merah Putih) Jl. Prof. M. Yamin, SH No. 70 Kec. Padang Barat. Padang Inventory No.: 01/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked floor
F.1. Hotel Ambacang Jl. Bunda Kandung No. 7 Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: 67/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 133 F.2. Bank Danamon Jl. Bunda Kandung Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Damaged front walls • Hair line cracked in walls • Broken front building glass • Peeled wall and column plaster
F.3. Hotel Macudum Jl. Hiligoo No. 45 Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially collapsed second floor front and rear walls • Hair line cracked wall • Peeled wall plaster
F.4. Hotel Macudum Jl. Hiligoo No. 43 Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially broken and hair line cracked front and right side walls • Peeled wall plaster
134 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings F.5. Shophouse Jl. Hiligoo No. 47, 51, 53 Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed front facade of shophouse No. 47 and 49 • Hair line cracked in walls of shophouse No. 47 and 49 • Broken right side timber of shophouse No. 47
F.6. Shophouse Jl. Hiligoo No. 55, 57, 59 Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Partially damaged roof of shophouse No. 59 • Hair line cracked wall of shophouse No. 55 and 59 • Peeled wall plaster of shophouse No. 55 and 59
F.7. Shophouse Jl. Hiligoo No. 61 and 63 Kel. Kampung Pondok, Kec. Padang Selatan. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Hair line cracked wall • Peeled wall plaster • Tilted upper front wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 135 I.1. Ganting Grand Mosque Jl. Ganting No. 10. Padang Inventory No.: 05/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed and cracked front wall and ornaments • Damaged left and right walls • Cracked right column • Partially destroyed wall and rear • Damaged mihrab • Cracked in most of the columns • Cracked right side wall • Broken roof structure • Cracked floor
J.1.1. Indonesian Armed Forces Barack Jl. Dr. Wahidin (Blok K) Padang Inventory No.: Damage: Heavy Damage • Partially detached truss • Cracked terrace column • Rear wall collapsed onto the roof
J.1.2. Indonesian Armed Forces Barack Jl. Dr. Wahidin (Blok D) Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Hair line cracked
136 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings J.1.3. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Blok A Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Collapsed walls in almost all the blocks • Damaged and broken roof tiles • Cracked wall
J.1.4. Residential Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged building and cannot be used anymore
J.1.5. Sasana Ria (Function Hall) Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Partially damaged wall and truss
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 137 J.1.6. Residential Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building and can not be used anymore • Cracked wall
J.1.8. Indonesian Armed Forces Barack Jl. Dr. Wahidin (Blok D). Padang Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Collapsed ceiling and roof
J.1.9. Indonesian Armed Forces Barack Jl. Dr. Wahidin (Blok E). Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed building
138 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings J.1.10. Indonesian Armed Forces Barack Jl. Dr. Wahidin (Blok G). Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Partially collapsed wall
J.1.12. Indonesian Armed Forces Barack Jl. Dr. Wahidin (Blok O) Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Damaged wall • Detached roof and truss • Cracked terrace column
J.2.2. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 45 and 43 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Rear wall collapsed onto the roof
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 139 J.2.3. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 39 and 41 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Rear wall collapsed onto the roof
J.2.4. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 35 and 37 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Total damage
J.2.5. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 23 and 25 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked front wall • Rear wall collapsed onto the roof
140 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings J.2.6. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 19 and 21 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Total damage
J.2.7. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 17 and 15 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Total damage
J.2.8. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 13 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Total damage
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 141 J.2.9. Indonesian Armed Forces Housing Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 3 Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Heavily damaged left side
K.3. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru No. 4 C. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Partially collapsed listplank
K.4. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Collapsed ceiling
142 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings K.5. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall • Collapsed ceiling
K.6. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed wall • Partially damaged floor
K.7. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked, collapsed wall and collapsed ceiling
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 143 K.8. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked, collapsed wall and collapsed ceiling
K.9. SMP/SMU/SMEA (Secondary and High Schools) Jl. Simpang Haru. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Cracked wall
L.1. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Collapsed wall • Collapsed roof • Partially cracked wall
144 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings L.2. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked rear wall • Back in function
L.3. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked rear wall
L.4. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Tilted and cracked front wall • Hair line cracked front wall
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 145 L.5. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked interior wall
L.6. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Building in good condition with damaged function room/ lobby
L.7. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • 90 % collapsed building
146 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings L.8. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No. 1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Building in good condition, detached water gutter
L.9. O ce of West Sumatra Regional II Division of Indonesian Train Company (Signal and communication resort) Jl. Stasiun No.1. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed wall • Collapsed roof
M.1. Residential Jl. H. Agus Salim No. 14. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Tilted front roof • Minor cracked rear roof
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 147 M.2. Anonim Jl. Terandam No. 36 Kel. Terandam, Kec. Padang Timur. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Partially collapsed column • Partially collapsed wall
N.1. Governor Residence (O cial Residence of the Governor) Jl. Sudirman No. 30 Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: 32/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Minor Damage • Minor cracked rear wall • Damaged right gable
N.2. Residential Jl. Sudirman No. 45 Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: - Damage: Heavy Damage • Destroyed main terrace • Partially collapsed main roof • Minor peeled right wall • Broken glass in main building • Minor peel and damage in wall • Broken pole • Destroyed tower
148 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings N.3. Ema Idham Home Jl. Ahmad Yani. Padang Inventory No.: 33/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: No Damage • No visual damage
N.4. Residential Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Broken column • Detached corrugated iron roof • Hair line cracked and damaged wall
N.5. Mahkamah Militer 1-03 (Military Court) Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Hair line cracked wall • Cracked column • Peeled wall and column plaster • Broken roof tiles
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 149 N.6. Mahkamah Militer 1-03 (Military Court) Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed front roof • Broken window glass • Hair line cracked and damaged wall • Peeled wall and column plaster • Damaged ceiling
N.7. Mahkamah Militer 1-03 (Military Court) Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed wall, roof, column, ceiling dan terrace column
N.8. Building of SLTP 1 Padang (Secondary school) Jl. Sudirman No. 2 Kel. Kampung Jao, Kec. Padang Timur Inventory No.: 11/BCB-TB/A/01/207 Damage: Heavy Damage • Cracked, damaged and destroyed wall • Collapsed wall of school principal office • 20% ceiling of school principal office collapsed • Broken columns
150 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings N.9. Building of SMU 1 Padang (High school) Jl. Sudirman No. 1 Kel. Kampung Jao, Kec. Padang Timur Inventory No.: 10/BC-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Heavy Damage • Broken column of building A, B and C • Broken front and rear roof tiles • Collapsed roof of Building B • Cracked function wall • Damaged wall of Building A & B
N.10. GPIB Church Jl. Bagindo Azis Chan No. 19. Padang Inventory No.: 27/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: No Damage • No visual damage
N.11. Hotel Padang Jl. Bagindo Aziz Chan No. 28 Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: 28/BCB-TB/A/01/2007 Damage: Moderate Damage • Peeled plaster • Hair line cracked wall and floor
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 151 N.12. Rumah Makan Simpang Raya (Simpang Raya Restaurant) Jl. Bagindo Aziz Chan No. 24 Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked window glass • Hair line cracked wall
N.13. Indonesian Airforce Housing Jl. Bagindo Aziz Chan Kel. Padang Pasir, Kec. Padang Barat Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked floor • Damaged roof • Broken window glass
Ikur Koto Grand Mosque Jl. Tabing Lubuk Minturun Kel. Koto Panjang Ikur Koto, Kec. Koto Tangah. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Damaged terrace • Cracked and peeled wall
152 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Bungo Pasang Mosque Jl. Tabing Lubuk Minturun Kel. Bungo Pasang, Kec. Koto Tangah. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Moderate Damage • Collapsed wall truss • Collapsed side wall
Padang vernacular house (Yohannes Sebastian Family Home) RT 01/RK 01 No. 20 Kel. Koto Panjang, Kec. Koto Tangah. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked Kitchen wall • Cracked terrace/verandah column
Rumah Gadang Bawah Mangga (Dahniar Family Home) RT 01/RW 01 Kel. Koto Pulai, Kec. Koto Tangah. Padang Inventory No.: - Damage: Minor Damage • Cracked terrace/verandah column
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 153 Annex - 2
Reference Matrix of Damaged Heritage Rapid Assessment
Damage Categories Damage Characteristics Assessment Action Minor Damage - Hair line cracks in plaster Livable - minor architectural repair; - Flaking plaster - Utilisation continue - Scope of damage is limited to carvings, door-window ornaments, cables - Main structure such as load bearing wall and timber construction are not a ected
Moderate Damage - Minor cracks in walls Unlivable - Identi cation and - Flaking plaster classi cation of kept old - Damaged structural element, materials; such as cracked wall which in - adaptive reuse & in ll long term can be worst due to design; its load bearing function - Formulation of - Structural damage and weaken Technical Document and ability of structure to tie which Conservation Plantation; cause tilting wall or column - Restoration and reinforcement.
Heavy Damage - Collapsed building Unlivable - Identi cation and - Load bearing wall split and classi cation of kept old collapsed materials; - Building split and collapsed Adaptive reused & in ll due to tie element failure design; - Most of primary components - Formulation of Technical either damaged or no longer Document and intact Conservation Plan; Restoration and reinforcement.
Note: The matrix refers to impact of damages caused by Padang earthquake in 2009
154 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Annex – 3
Technical Guidelines for Measurement and Drawing of Heritage Buildings1
A. PRELIMINARY DRAWING 5. Each architectural element drawing such A.1. Drawing/Sketching as door, window, column or timber Drafter will convert ( eld) sketches to CAD accompanied by visual sketch, horizontal (computer aided drawing). erefore, in and vertical cross sections and pro le preliminary sketching, pay attention to the detail. followings: A.2. Structural measurement 1. In order to ease the converting process a. Measuring body structure needs honesty, which from sketching into CAD, the sketch has means all architectural elements has to be measured to be as informative as possible. correctly and not just base on assumption.
2. e sketch doesn’t need to be beautiful, it b. If measuring is not possible, assumption has has to be as clear as possible,. to be approved and agreed by supervisor and coordinator. 3. When it’s necessary to thicken the sketch, try by thickening only the outlines to B. CAD Drawing speed sketch. B.1. Lay-out
4. Building materials should be written on a. Brick wall is notated by shadow and double the sketch as clear as possible. lines to de ne wall thickness b. Mark standard notation for window, door and write down frame thickness to show wall 1 Developed by Indonesian Centre for Architecture Documentation (PDA) proportion respective to the wall (if any).
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 155 e. Measurement is taken 1 m from the oor/ land, as straight as possible (if condition allows)
f. Measurement precise result is up to 1 digit behind a coma
B.2. Visual and cross section a. Similar elements such as door, window, column or pilaster detail sketch is done once, while its repetition is a simple sketch with notes that the sketch is similar.
b. Structural measurement doesn’t include non-
Floor plan of St. Leo Monastery structural elements, such as water gutter or (Source: Pusaka, 2009) anthena.
c. Wall measurement is conducted from wall to wall as if it’s done twice ( rst length and width and then second length and width of the opposite wall), except if one of the walls is covered by a furniture, then we can measure the lay out by measuring the uncovered wall.
d. Measure and notate in detail the frame, thickness of the frame, width of door/ window, etc. and do the same activity for the next wall.
156 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings c. Measurement notation is better taken from f. Notate the oor height relatives to corridor, similar surface, for example column with the a terrace or verandah closest to the room or wall behind it, a separate small structure with absolute (compare height using main level a land to measure. measurement as +/-0.00), as well as other part of the rooms with di erent level of height. d. Notate vertical measurement on location g. Pilaster/column/wall cross section sketching is by taking into consideration opportunity to shown and shadowed. measure other building’s elements such as h. Floor drawing notating tilt and height water gutter or window and where crane is di erence. possible to install. i. Floor pattern shall be based on the original e. Enlarge location/parts drawing on another room plan (bordered with walls), so if there is paper so notation will not look complicated. partition/s, the partition will not be sketched. Except if the partitioned room has di erent f. eodolit measurement tool can help in oor patterns, the patterns shall be sketched measuring the building’s height including the borders. j. For a carpeted oor, drawing needs to note the types of carpet and tile, (if the digit behind a B.3. Floor plan coma can help to nd where the tile begins, a. Identify reference location of main level +/- 0.00 then do/use it.) b. Note on type of material, the colour and oor patter if any. c. Finding installment core, which is a room / B.4. Ceiling plan point where installment begin and sketch that a. Notate ceiling height, “CH +...” and noted on particular tile. It is not necessary to sketch the highest ceiling. all tiles. We only need to record total tiles by b. For the cross section drawing, we need to width and length of the room. make sure that cross section drawing is done d. If the room follows a particular pattern, draw horizontally for timbers which are considered the whole level and take note of the tile type. important for the ceiling. e. If a tile in the room is a replacement to the broken one, and it is di erent, then the area c. Column/pilaster should be cross section has to be sketched as explained in b and c. sketched in a way that is clear and shadowed
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 157 d. For the cross section drawing, whole wall b. Full window drawing which lls one paper sketch is not necessary, just half of height (cross section drawing can be on separate would su ce. paper) e. Draw points of lighting or other electrical c. Enlarge details which you think is too small to elements attached to the ceiling, and take note measure/notate. of the type of the light/electrical elements. d. Opening & closing direction of door/window f. If electrical elements distance is asymmetrical plus cross section drawing. or not in the centre respective to the room, a notation shall mention the cable point location. e. Notate thickness of frame and door/window and their dimension. g. It is not necessary to notate size of electrical element/lighting f. If there are more than 1 door/window or iron trellis each has to be sketched (not piled in one visual sketch) and explained which one is the B.5. Roof plan most outer part (shown in cross section). a. Notate timber sizes only, such as timber 10/15. 2. Stairs b. Notate distance between truss. a. Always notate nished oor level (peil) of each c. For angle of truss can be notate by drawing a staircase and the mid/centre part as well as 90 degree triangle on the corner/angle drawing ascending direction of stairs. so it can be measured by a ruler (free length) and will be converted to CAD by the use of b. Drawing/sketch shall be in formats of lay- phytagoras theorem. out, visual, vertical cross section (stretched alongside the stairs)
B.6. Elements C. COMPLETENESS OF DRAWING 1. Door and window 1.1. Drawing notations a. Plan and vertical cross section drawings Notations for the person responsible for measuring (horizontal and vertical cross sections). Cross the drawing is in numerical order. Another sheet section is shadowed. for the assistant is in measurement order.
158 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 1.2. Size
Notations is coloured and sized not more than 200 and the rest uses di erent colours and starts from 1.
1.3. Coding a. Grid drawing order to ease in nding damage location which has been speci cally coded. b. Code system in conservation document will be used as reference for Budget Plan (RAB) and Work Plan and Conditions (RKS), thus the three documents are closely related. For example, in conservation document, code 1.1.1 is oor work, thus code 1.1.1 in RAB and RKS refers to oor work as well.
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 159 Annex – 4
Format for Basic Data of Heritage Buildings2
Basic Data of Heritage Physical Objects Village/District:
Object Identity Code No. Object name Address/Location Administration Owner Manager Function/utilisation Land and building status History & background Founding father Designer/Architect Developer/Builder Background/reasons behind
Year of development Built Inaugurated
History of important physical maintenance & form Year Changes, additions, restorations, of changes renovation, etc History of utilisation/activity Year Utilisation/activity History of important event & relevant prominent Year Event gure Architecture Physical dimension & measurement Land Building Complete infrastructure (electricity, clean water, sanitation, drainage, etc) Structure & infrastructure Structure & Construction Conditions & completeness Conditions
Damaged parts
Missing parts Object value The role of history, social, cultural, spiritual/ religious, scienti c, beauty, etc.
2 Adopted from Conservation Guidelines for Heritage Buildings published by Rekompak JRF
160 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings Annex – 5
Indonesia Charter for Heritage Conservation
Preamble between nature and manmade heritage in We, the advocates and practitioners for the space and time. conservation of Indonesian heritage, praise God 2. Cultural heritage includes both tangible and Almighty that Indonesia, the world’s largest intangible legacies; archipelago, is endowed with the diversity 3. Heritage, bequeathed from the generations and abundance of extraordinary nature and that precede us, is the a vital foundation and cultures that provide divinely inspired creativity, initial capital for the development of the imagination, and vitality. Awareness, concern, Indonesian nation in the future, and for these and e orts for conservation have begun and reasons, must be conserved and passed along need to be strengthened and continued. In the to the next generation in good condition, framework of Indonesia Heritage Year 2003, we without loss of value, and if possible with have composed this charter a rming e orts for an enhanced value, to form heritage for the heritage conservation in Indonesia. future. 4. Heritage conservation is the management Understanding of heritage through research, planning, We share the understanding that: preservation, maintenance, reuse, protection, 1. e heritage of Indonesia is the legacy of and/or selected development, to maintain nature, culture, and saujana, the weave of sustainability, harmony, and the capacity to the two. Natural heritage is the construct of respond to the dynamics of the age to develop nature. Manmade heritage is the legacy of a better quality of life. thought, emotion, intentions, and works that spring from over 500 ethnic groups in Tanah Concern Air Indonesia, singularly, and together as one We share concern that: nation, and from the interactions with other 1. Much irreplaceable Indonesian heritage cultures throughout its length of history. is degraded, damaged, destroyed, lost, Saujana heritage is the inextricable unity or threatened due to neglect, ignorance,
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 161 incompetence, and mismanagement, for conservation through fair, democratic, and short-term gain, and by special interest groups; harmonious processes and mechanisms supported 2. ere have been trivialization and by clear and consistent laws. impoverishment of culture and the weakening We appeal to all parties to: of creativity, initiative, and self-con dence 1. Take up an active role in heritage conservation urgently needed to face turbulent global through preservation, restoration, change as well as to independently de ne the reconstruction, revitalization, adaptive reuse, future of the nation; or selected development. 3. ere remain many social, political, economic, 2. Take immediate measures to save endangered and resource allocation imbalances and a lack heritage from damage, ruin and extinction; of clear frameworks. is is not favorable for 3. Improve the capacity, principles, processes, heritage conservation e orts in Indonesia. and techniques of conservation in systematic, 4. Opportunities within local, national, and global comprehensive ways appropriate to the dynamics are not well recognized and utilized Indonesian context; for social and economic transformations to 4. Raise the awareness of all parties (government, enhance national development and heritage professional, private sector, and community, conservation in Indonesia; including youth) on the importance of heritage 5. Traditional ethnic groups, minorities, and conservation, through education (both formal certain communities are marginalized due to and non-formal), training, public campaign, lack of understanding and appreciation of and other pursuasive approaches; diversity, and the importance of weaving the 5. Raise institutional capacity, develop diverse resources into symbiotic interactions management systems, as well as role-sharing of brotherhood. and responsibilty that are fair and inclusive of all people, so that conservation e orts can be carried out e ectively with synergy. Action 6. Expand networks of cooperation and develop We, the advocates and practitioners of resources including means of funding to Indonesian heritage conservation, are determined support heritage conservation. to work hard together in healthy partnerships for 7. Reinforce legal oversight, control, and a holistic, systematic, and sustainable heritage enforcement through the development of regulations, the legal system, mechanisms that
162 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings are clear, fair, consistent, and the strengthening completed soon with a clear plan for realization. of social control; We believe that heritage conservation in 8. Understand and recognize the rights and Indonesia will help to a rm the nation’s potentials of marginalized people as well as to identity in the world’s very diverse and dynamic assist and re-empower the community in the community, enhancing the quality of life, and conservation and stewardship of their heritage to provide valuable contribution to the world for sustained prosperity. community. We pray that our Creator will shower an abundance of strength, ability, and wisdom Close upon our nation and its leaders so we can achieve is charter is the result of discussions amongst these goals. heritage conservation organizations from various We, the signatories below, are of one accord on regions, universities, bureaucrats, professionals in the Indonesian Charter for Heritage Conservation heritage conservation, and representatives from and are determined to carry out together the the community at large. e charter will be Action Plan in the Indonesia Heritage Decade 2004-2013.
Indonesia Heritage Year 2003 Ciloto, 13 December 2003
Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings 163 SAFEGUARDING INDONESIAN HERITAGE
SAFEGUARDING INDONESIAN HERITAGE Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI/Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia) is non pro t organisation. BPPI members, spread across the Indonesian archipelago and continents, are heritage practitioners and advocates. BPPI scope of activities and programmes are vast which makes BPPI rich with member of various academic background such as architecture, city/ regional planning, environment, archaeology, sociology, anthropology, economy, law, history, literature, theatre and many more.
PARTNERSHIP Currently, BPPI is in close partnership with 50 local partners BPPI spread over various regions in Indonesia along with international partners from Australia, Netherlands, Lebanon, etc. BPPI is a member of International National Trusts Organisation (INTO), an international network of heritage national trusts with its headquarter in London.
BPPI BOARD OF DIRECTORS 20102013 1. I Gede Ardika (Chairman) 10. Hasti Tarekat (member) 2. Dorodjatun Kuntjoro Jakti (Deputy Chairman I) 11. Heri Akhmadi (member) 3. Pia Alisjahbana (Deputy Chairman II) 12. Laretna T. Adishakti (member) 4. Hasjim Djojohadikusumo (Deputy Chairman III) 13. Luluk Sumiarso (member) 5. Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh (Executive Director) 14. Ning Purnomohadi (member) 6. Amran Nur (member) 15. Rudy J. Pesik (member) 7. Arya Abieta (member) 16. Setyanto P. Santosa (member) 8. Dedy Gumelar (member) 17. Soehardi Hartono (member) 9. Hardini Sumono (member)
BPPI BOARD OF EXPERTS BPPI is supported by a group of individuals of various expertise. ey formed a working group for each eld of expertise. ree main elds of expertise as focus of attention are natural heritage, cultural heritage (tangible and intangible), and saujana (cultural landscape), the inextricable unity between nature and manmade heritage in space and time.
BPPI SECRETARIAT 1. Aristia Kusuma (Coordinator) 2. Hannisya Subana (Internal A airs) 3. Patricia Manangkot (External Relations) 4. Suci Rifani (Administration Sta ) 5. Leni Marlina (Supporting Sta ) BPPI is also supported by dedicated heritage volunteers
FOR MORE INFORMATION: Griya BPPI: Jl. Veteran I No. 27, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia T/F: +62 (0)21 35 111 27 BPPI account: Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia Permata Bank, Jl. Sudirman Kav. 27, Jakarta 10110 No.: 070 162 16 62 (Rupiah) / 090 450 40 41 (Euro)
164 Guidelines for Managing Post-Disaster Conservation of Heritage Buildings
GUIDELINES FOR MANAGINGFOR POST-DISASTER Case Study: Padang, West Sumatra Case Study: Padang, West CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION
GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING POST-DISASTER CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS CER Indonesia Indonesia lies on the ring of fire. This has called Conservation Post-Disaster Managing for Guidelines for strengthened preparedness when faced with various disasters such as tsunami earthquake, volcanic and eruptions, other mitigation natural efforts, ranging from disasters. strengthening disaster preparedness, emergency Numerous response activities, to post- rehabilitation disaster and recovery, reconstruction have been conducted. of Heritage Buildings is a strategic reference to assist the community during implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction of its heritage buildings. experience Padang provides a positive advocates inspiration and to conservators those of heritage buildings other regions in of Indonesia, and contributes a valuable insight for global heritage movement. ISBN 978-602-8756-19-8