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Developing Web-Based and Mobile-Based GIS for Places of Worship Information to Support Halal Tourism: a Case Study in Bukittinggi, Indonesia

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Developing Web-Based and Mobile-Based GIS for Places of Worship Information to Support Halal Tourism: a Case Study in Bukittinggi, Indonesia International Journal of Geo-Information Case Report Developing Web-Based and Mobile-Based GIS for Places of Worship Information to Support Halal Tourism: A Case Study in Bukittinggi, Indonesia Surya Afnarius * , Fajril Akbar and Fitri Yuliani Department of Information System, Andalas University, Padang 25166, Indonesia; [email protected] (F.A.); [email protected] (F.Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +62-896-1486-6918 Received: 23 November 2019; Accepted: 13 January 2020; Published: 16 January 2020 Abstract: Indonesia is an archipelago country in which the tourism sector plays a role as an economic locomotive. In 2016, Indonesia joined the World Halal Tourism Award (WHTA) and won 12 awards, three of which were won by West Sumatra. Bukittinggi is the principal city of tourism in West Sumatra. There are many halal hotels and restaurants and 190 mosques available in the city. Unfortunately, the information regarding the mosque locations is still inadequate. For this reason, this research was conducted in order to develop a web-based and mobile-based geographic information system (GIS) for places of worship information (GPWI) to make it easier for Muslim tourists to find mosques, and other tourism objects and facilities. This paper reports on the development of the GPWI. The development of the GPWI employed the waterfall method. The GPWI allowed tourists to find mosques based on specific criteria, whose output showed them the location, information, route, and local transportation available to get to the mosques as well as other tourism objects and facilities around the mosque. The GPWI was developed using Free Open Source Software (FOSS) PostgreSQL/PostGIS, PHP, JavaScript, and Basic4Android. The spatial-based database and programs that were used to develop this GPWI are the main contributions of this study. Based on the product evaluation, the GPWI successfully met the needs of Muslim tourists in finding mosques during their visits to Bukittinggi. Keywords: FOSS; halal tourism; mosque; muslim tourists; places of worship; web-based and mobile-based GIS 1. Introduction Indonesia is an archipelago located in Southeast Asia, with a total population of 238.5 million. The majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim, making it the largest Muslim country in the world [1–3]. Indonesia is also among ten countries with the most robust economy in the world, and also has a high tourism industry potential [2]. The natural and cultural potentials have made the tourism sector an economic locomotive with the most significant multiplier effect for the country [4]. President Joko Widodo stated that the development of the tourism industry could encourage the advancement of small and medium enterprises and even the creative industries, which would lead to better employment [5]. Therefore, the Government has set a target of 30 million international tourist visits by 2024 [4]. Efforts have been carried out by the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia including promoting Indonesia as a halal tourism destination. Halal tourism upholds Islamic values in the form of sharia-compliant products and services [6–9]. The term halal tourism is also known as Islamic Tourism or Sharia Tourism [1,7]. This type of tourism is not exclusive tourism for Muslims as non-Muslim tourists can also enjoy these services [1]. There are some requirements for halal tourism including ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9, 52; doi:10.3390/ijgi9010052 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijgi ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 18 ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9, 52 2 of 18 Muslim tourists can also enjoy these services [1]. There are some requirements for halal tourism including the provision of prayer facilities and halal food [1,3,7,10], and both are included as the Need tothe Have provision facilities of prayer [11]. Other facilities categories and halal of foodhalal [ 1tourism,3,7,10], andneeds both include are included Good to as Have the Need and toNice Have to Have,facilities which [11]. can Other be seen categories in Figure of halal1. The tourism places of needs worship include should Good provide to Have enough and Nice water to for Have, ablution, which andcan bewomen’s seen in Figureand men’s1. The prayer places ofclothing, worship namely should providemukena enough and sarong. water for A ablution,place of andworship women’s for Muslimsand men’s called prayer the clothing, Mosque/Mushalla namely mukena is also and a significant sarong. A element place of in worship Islamic for tourism Muslims as calledwell as the a symbolMosque of/Mushalla Islam [12,13], is also whereas a significant [2,10] element state that in Islamic the availability tourism as of well mosques as a symbol is a critical of Islam factor [12,13 in], supportingwhereas [2, 10halal] state tourism. that the availability of mosques is a critical factor in supporting halal tourism. FigureFigure 1. 1. TheThe needs needs categorization categorization of of halal halal tourism tourism [11]. [11]. HalalHalal tourism tourism is is a apotential potential resource resource for for the the glob globalal economy economy since since the thenumber number of Muslims of Muslims in the in worldthe world is quite is quite high. high. In 2010, In 2010, the the world’s world’s Muslim Muslim community-ranked community-ranked second second after after Christianity, Christianity, amountingamounting to to approximately approximately 1.6 1.6 billion billion people people [3,14] [3,14] and and is is estimated estimated that that in in 2050, 2050, the the Muslim Muslim populationpopulation will will reach reach 2.8 2.8 billion billion people people [14]. [14]. This This high high number number has has attracted attracted many many countries countries to to developdevelop halal halal tourism tourism including including countries countries with with minority minority Muslim Muslim populations populations such such as as South South Korea. Korea. Therefore,Therefore, Indonesia Indonesia needs needs to to improve improve its its level level of of competition by by promoting through e-marketing andand e-commerce e-commerce [15]. [15]. Countries Countries with with large large Muslim Muslim populations populations such such as as Saudi Saudi Arabia, Arabia, United United Arab Arab EmiratesEmirates (UAE), (UAE), Pakistan, Pakistan, Qatar, Qatar, Kuwait, Kuwait, and and Mala Malaysiaysia are are the the target target of of Indonesian Indonesian halal halal tourism tourism throughthrough digital digital marketing marketing [2]. [2]. In In addition addition to to th thee large large Muslim Muslim population, population, many many companies companies have have developeddeveloped halal halal products products and and services services with with a a market market value value reaching reaching up up to to USD$2 USD$2 trillion trillion [16], [16], which which alsoalso adds adds up up to to the the potential potential of of Indo Indonesia’snesia’s tourism tourism industry development. IndonesiaIndonesia participated inin the the 2016 2016 WHTA WHTA held held on on 24–25 24–25 October October in Abu in Abu Dhabi, Dhabi, UAE UAE [1]. The [1]. event The eventallowed allowed Indonesia Indonesia to make to make an introduction an introduction as a majoras a major halal halal tourist tourist destination destination in the in world.the world. At theAt theevent, event, Indonesia Indonesia won won 12 out12 out ofthe of the 16 awards16 awards contested. contested. According According to [to1], [1], “Indonesia “Indonesia has has become become the thecenter center for halalfor halal tourism”. tourism”. In fact, In fact, in 2019, in 2019, Indonesia Indonesia and Malaysia and Malaysia became became the world’s the world’s best halal best tourism halal tourismdestination destination based on based the Global on the MuslimGlobal Muslim Travel IndexTravel (GMTI) Index (GMTI) [17]. Three [17]. outThree of out the of 12 the awards 12 awards at the at2016 the WHTA 2016 WHTA obtained obtained by Indonesia by Indonesia were won were by West won Sumatra by West [1 ,Sumatra3,10]. However, [1,3,10]. West However, Sumatra West had Sumatranot yet developed had not yet an developed English halal an tourismEnglish halal website tourism to promote website its to tourism promote potentials its tourism and potentials the online andpromotion the online of halalpromotion tourism of washalal still tourism limited, was while still limited, it is essential while it to is promote essential it to through promote websites it through [2]. websitesThe authors [2]. inThe [15 ]authors suggested in that[15] Indonesiasuggested shouldthat Indonesia immediately should increase immediately its competitiveness increase its in competitivenessdigital marketing. in digital marketing. TheThe main main city city in in West West Sumatra set as the tourism destination is Bukittinggi. The The city city has has cold cold weather,weather, withwith aa total total population population of 128,783of 128,783 people peop [18le]. The[18]. city The has city many has tourist many attractions tourist attractions including includingcultural, historical, cultural, historical, and natural and attractions natural attractions [19]. Nasi Kapau,[19]. Nasi Ngarai Kapau, Sianok, Ngarai Jam Sianok, Gadang, Jam Goa Gadang, Japang, GoaBenteng Japang, de Cock,Benteng and de Museum Cock, and Bung Museum Hatta are Bung the mainHatta attractionsare the main that attractions entice tourists that entice to visit tourists the city toof visit Bukittinggi. the city Theof Bukittinggi. number
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