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HE 26 2019.Indd DOI: 10.4467/25438700SM.19.008.10796 MAREK POCZĄTKO* W labiryncie struktury In the maze of structure Streszczenie Logika przestrzeni mieszkaniowej zmienia się. Podobnie struktura domu, którego rola we współczesnym mieście komplikuje się. Artykuł zawiera analizę wybranych najnowszych realizacji architektonicznych będącą podstawą do rozważań na temat struk- tury architektury mieszkaniowej i jej zmianom. Swą skalą obejmuje budynki w gęstej zabudowie miejskiej. Zestawienie odmiennych przykładów pod względem logiki struktury i jej czytelności pozwala postawić pytania: czy zmiana formy i wewnętrznej logiki domu ma wpływ na miasta? Jaka jest rola nietypowych struktur w ich przestrzeni? il. 1. Monika Sosnowska, Stairway, 2010, źródło: https://www.themoderninstitute.com/artists/monika-sosnowska (odsłona z dnia 15.04.2019) Abstract ill. 1. Monika Sosnowska, Stairway, 2010, source: https://www.themoderninstitute.com/artists/monika-sosnowska (access on 15.04.2019) The logic of living space is changing. Likewise, the structure of a house, whose role in the contemporary city is becoming il. 2. Bjarke Ingels Group, VIA 57 West, Nowy Jork, 2016, foto: Kristen Bucher, źródło: https://www.archdaily.com/798590/bigs-via-57-west-wins- increasingly complicated. -the-2016-international-highrise-award (odsłona z dnia 04.05.2019) The paper presents an analysis of selected architectural works in the 20th century and the latest ones, constituting the basis ill. 2. Bjarke Ingels Group, VIA 57 West, Nowy Jork, 2016, foto: Kristen Bucher, source: https://www.archdaily.com/798590/bigs-via-57-west-wins- -the-2016-international-highrise-award (access on 04.05.2019) for considerations on the structure of residential architecture and its changes. Its scale encompasses buildings in densely built-up urban areas. The juxtaposition of different examples in terms of the logic of the structure and its legibility allows one to ask the following questions: does the change in the form and internal logic of the house affect the cities? What is the role of unusual structures ty. To jakby transformacja elementów architektonicznych time it is a game with an observer, creating an illusion, in their space? do nowych form, jednocześnie jest to zabawa z widzem, an unfamiliar perception, a distorted proportion and tworzenie iluzji, nieznanej percepcji, zaburzenia proporcji scale. What is important, Sosnowska’s art does not Słowa kluczowe: zabudowa mieszkaniowa, struktura, dom w mieście Keywords: housing development, structure, house in the city i skali. Co ważne, nie brak w twórczości Sosnowskiej od- lack references to the political system in which she niesień do ustroju politycznego w którym dorastała- epo- grew up – the era of poor quality architecture, materi- ki słabej jakości architektury, zubożałych materialnie wizji ally impoverished visions and utopias of modernism. i utopii modernizmu. The structure of the artist’s sculptures is built from Współczesne miasta będące w ciągłym rozwoju często są Being in constant development, contemporary cities Struktura rzeźb artystki budowana jest z elementów elements known from everyday life, elements of resi- przeciążone, skomplikowane a nawarstwienie różnorod- are often overloaded, complicated, and the accumu- znanych z życia codziennego, elementów budynków dential buildings – sometimes structural steel beams, nej zabudowy i podążającego za nią układu komunikacji lation of various buildings and the resulting traffic mieszkaniowych- raz są to belki stalowe konstrukcyjne, elements of steel railings, balconies, window grills kołowej prowadzi do trudnych sytuacji przestrzennych. system leads to difficult spatial situations. The maze elementy barierek stalowych, balkonów, krat okiennych, and external stairs, metal nets, and sometimes inte- of their structure can be intricate. The shape, size and Labirynt ich struktury bywa zawiły. Kształt, wielkość i kon- rior elements – walls, doors, multiplied in surprising structure of the city is constantly being transformed, schodów zewnętrznych, siatki metalowe, a czasem ele- figuracja miasta ciągle ulega przekształceniom, nawet combinations and proportions. [il.1] Architecture, or while it may be stable in general outlines for some menty wnętrz- ściany, drzwi, zwielokrotniane w zaska- będąc przez pewien czas w ogólnych zarysach stabilne, rather residential construction, gives the artist a raw time, it is ever changing in detail.1 Therefore, we are kujących zestawieniach i proporcjach. [il.1] Architektura w szczegółach stale podlega zmianom.1 To dlatego nie material, components for the creation of art. Devoid not able to clearly define the direction of its devel- a raczej budownictwo mieszkaniowe daje artystce su- jest się w stanie określić jednoznacznie kierunku jego of their original function, the elements are shaped opment, to properly program its architecture and rowiec, komponenty do tworzenia sztuki. Elementy po- rozwoju, dobrze zaprogramować jego architektury i funk- into sculptures that are to affect the observer in the functionality. The construction of the city has no final zbawione swej pierwotniej funkcji zostają kształtowane cjonalności. Budowa miasta nie ma efektu finalnego, jest aesthetic sphere. The shapes of some of them can result, only a continuous succession of phases.2 w rzeźby, które mają oddziaływać na widza w sferze este- tylko ciągła sukcesja etapów.2 be compared to what happened during the con- tycznej. Kształty części z nich można porównywać z tym structivist period. Building structures are ordered by Does the continuous urban development have an im- co miało miejsce w okresie konstruktywizmu. Struktury Czy ciągły rozwój miast ma wpływ na architekturę? Za- a certain geometry, balancing between vertical, hori- pact on architecture? It probably shapes most of its budowlane podporządkowane są pewnej geometrii, ba- pewne kształtuje większość jego elementów, w tym bu- zontal and plane. Despite their abstract and seem- elements, including housing. Its complex structure pro- lansującej pomiędzy pionem, poziomem i płaszczyzną. downictwo mieszkaniowe. Jego rozbudowana dyspo- ingly complicated forms, they have a relatively clear vokes not only urban planners and architects or resi- Pomimo swych abstrakcyjnych i z pozoru skomplikowa- zycja prowokuje nie tylko urbanistów i architektów czy and transparent openwork structure. The colour of dents, but also artists in their activities. They are seek- nych form posiadają dość jasną i transparentną ażurową mieszkańców ale również artystów w ich działaniach. these elements is important – usually limited to 2-3 ing a new context for the house and living in the city. konstrukcję. Kolor tych elementów jest ważny- zazwy- Poszukują nowego kontekstu dla domu i zamieszkiwania contrasting colours. The spaces created are also In this way of analyzing the problem of referring the czaj ograniczony do 2-3 kontrastujących barw. Tworzo- w mieście. subordinated to the idea and distorted logic of the structure of architecture to art, we can find works by ne przestrzenie również podporządkowane są idei i za- W tym sposobie analizy problemu odniesienia struktury structure. Their formal concept is coherent, based on Monika Sosnowska, an artist who creates architectural burzonej logice struktury. Ich koncepcja formalna jest architektury do sztuki odnajdujemy prace artystki Moni- installations from building elements, combining them massive planes that determine individual segments spójna, opiera się na masywnych płaszczyznach wy- ki Sosnowskiej, która tworzy architektoniczne instalacje into new solids of simple geometric form. She also ar- of the structure and communication routes. Howev- znaczających poszczególne segmenty struktury i szlaki z elementów budowlanych łącząc je w nowe bryły o pro- ranges the interiors of the exhibition galleries, enclos- er, it is the cohesion of the maze, upon entering it, komunikacyjne. Jednak jest to spójność labiryntu, po stej geometrycznej formie. Aranżuje również wnętrza es the space with walls that form various corridors, a person loses orientation and has only a fragmen- wejściu do którego człowiek traci orientację i ma tylko 3 galerii wystawowych, obudowuje przestrzeń za pomocą cramped rooms, resembling rooms from large panel tary insight into his inner arrangement. fragmentaryczny wgląd w jego wewnętrzny układ.3 ścian tworzących różne korytarze, ciasne pomieszczenia, residential buildings. It is a kind of transformation of Sosnowska shows a new field of the exploitation of Sosnowska pokazuje nowe pole eksploatacji architek- niczym pokoje z budynków mieszkaniowych z wielkiej pły- architectural elements into new forms, at the same architecture, she observes the durability and density tury, poddaje obserwacji trwałość i gęstość materiałów of building materials.4 Through the elementary com- * Dr inż. arch. Marek Początko, Instytut Projektowania Architektonicznego, Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska / Marek Począt- ko, PhD Arch., Institute of Architectural Design, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, e-mail: [email protected], 52 ORCID: 0000-0002-8907-289X 53 budowlanych.4 Poprzez elementarne składowe budowni- ponents of residential construction, she conveys the Struktura architektury i jej logika odnajduje odzwierciedle- sometimes it is also the reason for creating a new ctwa mieszkaniowego, przekazuje odczucia, które doty- feelings that affect every inhabitant. nie w sztuce. Daje możliwość tworzenia nowych elemen- typology of buildings. This is the case with the con- czą każdego mieszkańca.
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