062 MODULØR Magazin 2016 Nº8 ARCHITEKTUR VIA 57 WEST, New York, USA ARCHITEKTEN Bjarke Ingels Group

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062 MODULØR Magazin 2016 Nº8 ARCHITEKTUR VIA 57 WEST, New York, USA ARCHITEKTEN Bjarke Ingels Group ARCHITEKTUR MODULØR 2016 VIA 57 WEST, New York, USA Magazin Nº8 ARCHITEKTEN Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), Dänemark www.big.dk BAUHERR The Durst Organization BAUINGENIEUR Structural Engineering Thornton Tomasetti, New York MEP ENGINEERS Dagher Engineering BAUUNTERNEHMEN Hunter Roberts Construction Group, New York LANDSCHAFTSARCHITEKTUR Starr Whitehouse, New York PLANUNGS- UND BAUZEIT 2011–2016 062 062-069_Mod_Arch_BIG_0816.indd 62 25.11.16 15:18 BIG IN NY 063 062-069_Mod_Arch_BIG_0816.indd 63 25.11.16 15:18 ARCHITEKTUR MODULØR 2016 Hof-Hochhaus von BIG, New York Magazin Nº8 von Katharina Marchal (Text) und Iwan Baan (Fotos) Das Gebäude wächst von einem Geschoss am West Side Highway bis zu einem Turm von 250 m heran. New York boomt der Bau Für Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) ist VIA an der West von spektakulären Wolkenkratzern; besonders im 57th Street in New York das erste Projekt in USA, ENERGIE- Wohnungsbau entstanden in den letzten Jahren doch es werden noch weitere folgen. Im Vergleich zu UND RES- In SOURCEN- Hochhäuser, die nicht alleine durch ihre ausserge- den vorangegangenen Beispielen ging dieser Woh- wöhnliche Bauweise, sondern vor allem durch exor- nungsbau am Hudson River ganz eigene Wege. SCHONENDES GEBÄUDE bitante Mieten auffallen. Das hybride Gebäude am Der Besitzer von The Durst Organization – einem Hudson River verweigert sich der Maxime «Immer der ältesten Immobilienunternehmen New Yorks, Regenwasser wird höher und immer teurer». Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) das auch das One World Trade Center (1 WTC) ver- gesammelt und bleibt seiner dänischen Philosophie treu und über- marktet – lud Bjarke Ingels ein, für das problemati- wiederverwendet, zeugt die New Yorker Skyline mit einem Apartment- sche Grundstück an der West 57th Street ein Wohn- verbrauchtes Was- ser recycelt, Strom haus, das Gemeinschaft fördert, dem Ort gerecht ge- bauprojekt zu entwerfen. Seit Jahren verhandelte durch energiespa- staltet ist und ausserdem einen gewissen Anteil an Douglas Durst mit der Stadt, ohne Erfolg. Die Vorga- rende Massnah- kostengünstigen Wohnungen anbietet. ben der Behörden waren nicht mit einer zufrieden- men gespart, viel An bekannten Namen fehlt es nicht: Zaha Hadid, stellenden Rendite vereinbar. Das Grundstück be- natürliches Licht in Norman Foster, Jean Nouvel – kaum ein Architekt findet sich im Stadtviertel Hell’s Kitchen, das in den den Wohnungen von Weltruf hat in den letzten Jahren (noch) kein letzten Jahrzehnten bereits von Hochhäusern über- verringert den Verbrauch von Wohnhochhaus in der Metropole New Yorks ge- sät wurde. Deshalb lag es nahe, den Standort direkt künstlichem Licht, baut. In Lower Manhattan hat Herzog & de Meuron neben dem West Side Highway und dem angren- Balkone animieren vor kurzem das 60-stöckige Hochhaus an der Leo- zenden Hudson River nicht durch einen weiteren zu Frischluftzufuhr, nard Street fertiggestellt; Glasquader stapeln sich Wolkenkratzer zu verbauen. Beat Schenk, Partner Wahl der Mate- zu einem 250 m hohen Turm mit Wohnungen in bei BIG und Projektarchitekt, stellt ihre Vorgehens- rialien garantiert bessere Luftqualität, gehobenem Standard. An der Park Avenue besticht weise in dieser verkorksten Situation wie folgt dar: grüne Oase im seit 2015 der extrem schlanke Wohnturm (425 m) «Wir sollten uns an der mittleren Gebäudehöhe ori- Innenhof ermöglicht von Rafael Viñoly Architects nicht nur durch sei- entieren, hiess 75 bis 80 Fuss (rund 24 m). Der erste natürliche Luftrei- ne Eleganz, sondern vor allem durch die enormen Konzeptvorschlag kam bei der Stadt gut an, und wir nigung, rostfreie Wohnungspreise; die noch verfügbaren Wohnun- begannen zu planen.» Doch im Laufe der Planung Stahlfassade ist 100 Prozent wiederver- gen kosten 17 bis 81 Millionen Dollar! Und bereits stellte The Durst Organization fest, dass sich die wertbar, Verwen- ein nächstes Grossprojekt ist in Planung: Bis 2025 Kosten für dieses Projekt nicht rechnen würden. dung von nach- sollen am 15 Hudson Yards diverse Wolkenkratzer Der Bauherr gab BIG den Auftrag, erneut ein Hoch- haltigen Hölzern, entstehen. Mit insgesamt 1,6 Millionen m2 Nutz- und haus zu entwerfen, mit dem Risiko, dass die Behör- Bewohner werden Wohnfläche wird es bis dato der grösste private Im- den das Projekt ablehnen würden. «Wir entwarfen zum Recyceln ihres Abfalls angehalten. mobilienkomplex Amerikas. dann diese Mischform aus Hochhaus und Hofhaus», 064 062-069_Mod_Arch_BIG_0816.indd 64 25.11.16 15:18 MODULØR 2016 Magazin Nº8 Aus dem Blickwinkel der 58th Street verwandelt sich der Entwurf von BIG in eine gläserne Turmspitze. 065 062-069_Mod_Arch_BIG_0816.indd 65 25.11.16 15:18 ARCHITEKTUR MODULØR 2016 Hof-Hochhaus von BIG, New York Magazin Nº8 definiert es Schenk. Technisch betrachtet ist jedes Gebäude über 75 Fuss ein Hochhaus, obwohl VIA auf der einen Seite auf wenige Geschosse abfällt. IN DER «Zum Glück akzeptierte die Stadt das angepasste TRADITION Projekt», berichtet der Projektleiter. VON FRITZ Nach dieser Hürde wurden die dänischen Architek- HANSEN ten bis zur Umsetzung vor weitere Herausforderun- gen gestellt. Zuerst musste das Grundstück von der Dieser Clubsessel vom dänischen gewerblichen in eine Wohnzone umgewandelt wer- Architekten Bjarke den. Als Nächstes gab das ambitionierte Programm Ingels und der des Ex-Bürgermeisters Michael Bloomberg sowie dänischen Design- seines Nachfolgers Bill de Blasio vor, einen gewissen gruppe Kibisi ist, Anteil an preiswerten, subventionierten Wohnungen wie viele andere Grundriss: Rund 60 Möbelstücke in der zu integrieren: 20 Prozent der Studios in VIA durften Prozent der Wohnungen Geschichte von nicht mehr als 800 Dollar Miete kosten. Marktübli- sind Einzimmerapart- Fritz Hansen, für che Mieten für Studios in New York liegen bei 4000 ments mit einer Grösse einen bestimmten bis 5000 Dollar. Alleine durch den direkten Bezug ab 70 m². Standort gestaltet zum Hudson River ist das Gebäude ein enormer Ge- – das VIA-57-West- Gebäude in New winn, andererseits schränkt die schlechte Erreichbar- York City. Der Sessel keit von öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln die Bewohner- Apartmenthochhäuser in New York Balkone oder besteht aus einem gruppe ein. Im Vergleich zu anderen Grundstücken Terrassen besitzen, waren wir positiv überrascht, Stahlrahmen, der in Manhattan liegen die Zugänge zu den öffentlichen dass der Bauherr sich offen für diese Gestaltung in weichem PU- Verkehrsmitteln bei dem VIA-Projekt relativ weit zeigte», erklärt Schenk; diese privaten Aussenräu- Schaum eingebettet ist. Zwei verschiede- weg, deshalb bevorzugten die Projektentwickler ei- me hätten bei den Immobilienfirmen einen schlech- ne Dichten sorgen nen hohen Anteil an kleineren Einheiten. Rund 60 ten Ruf, weil die Bewohner sie als Abstellräume für weichen und Prozent der Wohnungen sind Einzimmerapartments missbrauchten und die Ansicht vom Gebäude ver- dennoch festen mit einer Grösse ab 70 m²; 25 Prozent der Einheiten unstalteten. Rund 70 Prozent der Apartments im Komfort. Die dicken sind Studios – das heisst ein Raum mit integrierter VIA haben einen Balkon. Das führe zu einer hohen Sitzpolster sind komfortabel, ohne Küchenzeile und offenem Schlafraum –, welche zwi- Vermietungszahl. optische Eleganz zu schen 60 und 70 m² gross sind. «Die Apartments in verlieren, während NY sind im Verhältnis zu Europa sehr klein», be- VORBILD 8 HOUSE IN ORESTAD die abgerundete merkt Beat Schenk. Aus diesem Grund steht den Rückseite und die Bewohnern der 709 Wohnungen eine Vielfalt an Ein- Bjarke Ingels Group revolutionierte 2006 mit einem Rohrleitungen auf die Meisterkollektion richtungen zur Verfügung wie Gemeinschaftsräume, aussergewöhnlichen Projekt den Wohnungsbau: von Fritz Hansen ein Schwimmbad, Spielräume, eine Bibliothek oder 8 House im dänischen Orestad ahmt, wie der Name verweisen. Die sogar ein kleiner Filmvorführraum und eine Basket- sagt, eine Acht nach. Die Form bildet zwei Innen- Holzbeine erzeugen ballhalle. Mit einem privaten Bustransfer erreichen höfe mit unterschiedlich hohen und tiefen Rändern. ein elegantes Finish die Bewohner von VIA jeweils am Morgen und am Beat Schenk äussert sich zum Vergleich: «Ja, es zum Boden hin und lassen den Sessel Abend die Subway-Stationen. gibt viele Parallelen zwischen den Gebäuden. VIA fast im Raum schwe- «Wir wollten räumliche Qualitäten wie in dänischen ist eine Art Fortsetzung des 8 House – inhaltlich, ben. Die Kollektion Wohnungsbauten erreichen», hebt der Architekt konzeptuell wie auch in Bezug auf die Gestaltung besteht aus einem hervor und weist darauf hin: «Halbprivate Aussen- und die Verwendung der Materialien. Beide fördern Element, das sich räume sind in den New Yorker Wohnbauten eher die Gemeinschaft.» Viele Hochhäuser haben seiner vielseitig einsetzen lässt. Der Sessel selten, in Kopenhagen beinahe die Regel.» VIA hebt Meinung nach den Nachteil, dass sie Anonymität kann individuell sich durch die grüne Oase, den Innenhof, Balkon- ausstrahlen. Ausser in den Liften gebe es weni- positioniert werden, ne und Terrassen von dem New Yorker Wohnungs- ge Treffpunkte für die Bewohner. Im VIA und im oder er lässt sich in standard ab. Zusätzlich übernimmt der speziell 8 House sind die Balkone in die schräge Dachfläche Sofa-ähnlichen For- gestaltete Innenhof eine akustische Funktion. Er eingeschnitten. Es ermöglicht die Privatsphäre, aber mationen anordnen. schirmt die Wohnungen vor dem Strassenlärm des auch den Kontakt mit dem Nachbarn. www.fritzhansen.com West Side Highway ab. Die Erker, die aus den Fas- Der Hybrid zwischen der europäischen Blockrand- saden herausstehen, brechen den Schall. «Da wenige bebauung und einem traditionellen
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