METALS IN PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK AND THE ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK SPRING 17

7 LINE STATION AT 34TH STREET/HUDSON YARDS / 10 HUDSON YARDS / POLICE ACADEMY / VIA 57 WEST / WORLD TRADE CENTER TRANSPORTATION HUB / CAPITAL ONE / P.S. 62 / PRISM TOWER CONTENTS SPRING 17 Realizing the ’s vision

1 THE PROJECTS FEATURED in that productivity and work quality this magazine usually focus 2 on design challenges and the safety. This relies on each 7 LINE STATION AT innovative and being a team member always 34TH STREET/HUDSON YARDS materials used to overcome performing at his or her best. It takes dedication, knowledge, 8 but central to these stories, is good mental attitude, and not 10 HUDSON YARDS the role of the highly trained, least, the ability to function in 14 highly skilled union demanding physical, often brutal NEW YORK CITY who build them. The training, environments—especially when POLICE ACADEMY discipline, and dedication instilled working at heights of several hundred feet exposed to frigid 20 them a productive workforce winter winds. Yet for the men VIA 57 WEST that helps insure the success and women who are ironworkers, 26 of every project in which they completing a job under these WORLD TRADE CENTER are involved. So I am using this conditions makes the work even TRANSPORTATION HUB space to acknowledge this role, more satisfying. So, when you and the preparation it requires. read the articles in this issue 32 Ironworkers begin their careers and marvel at the design and CAPITAL ONE with a three-year apprenticeship, planning that went into them, 38 attending regular nighttime keep in mind that it was the P.S. 62 ironworkers’ dedication that academies while employed played a key role in realizing the 44 full-time on construction designer’s objectives. Whether it PRISM TOWER projects to meet on-the-job is the skillful installation of a new 50 training requirements. At the sculpture at Capital One or the NEWS AND EVENTS academies, they learn, among highly technical erection of Ten other things, to read construction Bryant Park’s multi-faceted curtain 52 documents, weld and cut steel, wall, the projects featured in this INFORMATION signal cranes and rig pieces for issue showcase the talents of lifting. Most importantly, they the ironworkers and of the Steel learn to work safely in dangerous and Ornamental Metal institutes’ environments. They hone contractor members who employ these skills on the job and gain them. Together they represent a experience in surmounting the vital asset within New York City’s unique challenges that come community. with building skyscrapers and . After completing this highly competitive and rigorous apprenticeship, they become journeymen. But the training does not end here. Neither does the rigor of their apprenticeship. As journeymen, they have the opportunity to acquire advanced employers. On a typical day, ironworkers arrive at the job site prior to an often 6 or 7 a.m. start of their shift in order to prepare for the day’s assignments. The Gary Higbee, AIA, Editor work is fast-paced, with every [email protected]/ task and movement planned so [email protected] Copyright ©2017 by The Steel Institute The information contained in this magazine is merely general and illustrative in nature. The Institutes Above elements of the of New York and The Ornamental Metal Institute assume no responsibility for either the design or actual cost of any resulting from the use of World Trade Center Transportation Hub of New York the information contained herein, nor should anything herein be construed as either an endorsement or under construction. disapproval of any systems or designs indicated. Anyone relying upon or making use of this information Cover The eight-story staircase at Published by The Steel Institute of New York does so at his or her own risk and assumes any and all liability or consequences resulting therefrom. and The Ornamental Metal Institute of New York the New York City Police Academy, designed by Perkins + Will. James Ewing/OTTO; cover: Eric Laignel

Metals in Construction Spring 2017 1 7 Line Station at 34th Street/ Hudson Yards

The and surfaces of the The MTA rarely adds stations. The system’s MTA’s new Hudson Yards subway budgetary and operational challenges are well-known terminal make the most of steel’s causes of complaint among New Yorkers (especially strength, elegance, and durability. those who forget what a rare privilege it is to have 24-hour transit available at all); just keeping the Designed around deep, challenging site system running in its current state is a stretch, and conditions and built to accommodate the addition of the Second Avenue line, planned the area’s dramatic expansion, the since the 1920s, has taxed the authority’s resources 7 line’s westernmost station is the new station built since 1989 and “the largest single- line station in the system” according to Dattner ’ principal-in-charge Beth Greenberg is an DESCENDING 125 FEET FROM STREET LEVEL to reach ambitious work of infrastructure, a potent catalyst the platform at the new 34th Street/Hudson Yards for the Hudson Yards mixed-use development. Its station on the Metropolitan Transportation Authority reliance on structural and helps it (MTA)’s 7 line, a rider has a choice. To the right, the overcome substantial site challenges and makes it major segment of the trip (from the upper to lower of the subway system’s most forward-looking compo- two mezzanine levels) takes some 50 seconds on an nent. At $2.4 billion, the project is not cheap, yet its escalator, the New York transit system’s longest; to design/construction team brought it in on budget and the left, it’s about two minutes in an inclined eleva- by multiple civic agencies in a better-quality transit experience, implying a new system-wide sense of would logically head for the escalator. what MTA passengers deserve. The angled promote both rider convenience and construction Still, some pick the anyway. It may be The new station extends the IRT 7 line from te closest thing the MTA has to a carnival ride. Its Flushing westward into this up-and-coming neigh- tors which went straight down from shiny glass cars in large, well-lit , a refresh- borhood. Since the 7 crosses all major north-south this entrance,” says Richard Dattner, ing contrast to claustrophobic counterparts at lines in the system, its extension past “that would have been half a block makes the West Side accessible throughout the away from the station, and you would have had to go through a long, creepy, descent. Riders on ascending and descending cars MTA’s service region, usually with only a single trans- potentially dangerous-feeling . sometimes wave to each other as they pass. Close fer. The station provides access to the High Line area Putting the inclined elevators right next observers may notice the border between cut-and- cover construction and the long cavern mined Convention Center reachable on foot at last, and from visibility, so everybody feels safe. That was a very important consid- brings riders within a few steps of Hudson Boulevard, eration. Plus, it saved an incredible ment of childlike discovery brightens the everyday the new four-acre angled greenway by Michael amount of tunneling through rock." activity of getting around New York. van Valkenburgh Associates bisecting the blocks

2 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 7 Line Station at 34th Street/Hudson Yards 3 at 41st and Dyer Avenue, 36th and 11th, and 26th and 11th assist with heat exhaust; the station has the largest tunnel-ventilation fans in the entire subway system. The extension to 34th/Hudson Yards can more accurately be termed a complex of distributed components than a single station. 33RD ST.

Dattner describes the station as “a hole in the 34TH ST.

rock with a lining, but inside there, there’s 35TH ST. steel armature that really makes the tunnel, be- 36TH ST. cause all these things that you see there are hung tunnel and escalator/elevator complex are sup- ported by a large steel- understructure, and the facing of the lower mezzanine and platform is a system of porcelain panels supported by steel girts following the contours of the cavern. For the are L5x5x¾ at 5 feet on center (OC); the center top of running the length of the tunnels is a WT8x20; arches are tied back to the cavern at approximately 10 feet OC by three sets of two L3xL3x½. The truss structure in the inclined eleva- tors (the E1 tunnel) at top and bottom uses a truss width 7 feet, 4.58 inches and height 5 feet, 6.93 inches, a 140x140x8mm , an HLS 300 runway 11.02 inches deep, and runway beam/rail support at approximately 19 feet, 6 inch intervals over a length of 181 feet. The high-rise escalators’ HSS4x2x¼ top chord and truss support at ap- proximately 17-foot intervals. The 15-foot modules of tripartite panels between steel bands allude to the distance between steel found in many older stations, suggesting systemic continuity with- out actual columns interrupting the space.

between 10th and 11th Avenues from 33rd to 39th Authority terminal. Within this dense transit nexus, the Clockwise from above Steel girts streets. The station opened in 2015, well ahead of Dattner team’s initial design allowed for two stations, following the contours of the tunnel the ridership surge that will justify its size and relative one at 10th Avenue and 41st Street (proposed but support a system of porcelain panels. Diagrams of the station’s opulence (carrying an estimated 30,000 to 35,000 deferred, depending on future funding) and the 34th/ angled elevator and escalator passengers during daily peak hours); it is designed Hudson Yards terminal station that opened in 2015. entrances. The entrance escalators optimistically for the future. The total rock excavation for the project by tunnel- of the station’s upper mezzanine. In the works for some 15 years since the boring machines came to 326,700 cubic yards. Department of City Planning (DCP)’s Far West Approaching such a deep platform beneath 11th Midtown master plan under Mayors Giuliani and Avenue, and mining through an ancient stream bed at 10th under the Lincoln and Amtrak tunnels, the multiple stages of scenario planning. “In the original station as built includes two intermediate levels, early phases of the design,” Greenberg recalls, “we were also planning for a stadium [and thus] a stadium of inclined elevators. An upper mezzanine 27.5 feet below street level, reachable by four low-rise keystone of New York’s bid for the 2012 Olympics, escalators, two staircases, and an ADA-accessible elevator from the external park, houses the fairway community and political resistance. Collaboration and steel-and-glass “station service center” compris- among DCP, the Hudson Yards Development ing the MetroCard/information booth and safety Corporation, the MTA, and New York City Transit was systems; a lower mezzanine 109 feet below street “one of the really unsung miracles, in a way, of this level leads to eight staircases and an ADA elevator station,” she continues. descending the last 16 feet to the platform. There are Subterranean conditions were complicated interlockings (signaling systems) north and south of enough to make realization of the design even more the station, facilitating the increased number of trains miraculous. “Even though on the surface we were and improved service that this extension provides. A dealing with [a] vastly underutilized urban area,” separate north entrance in Hudson Boulevard Park Greenberg says, “underground we were dealing with with four additional escalators is still under con- a very dense built-up infrastructure” that included struction at this writing, with a structural shear wall Amtrak’s Albany line and current Hudson tunnels plus between elevator banks for the Yards’ overbuild in-

the Lincoln Tunnel with its bus ramps into the Port tegrated into the tunnel. Additional system All photos © David Sundberg/Esto; diagram: Dattner Architects

4 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 7 Line Station at 34th Street/Hudson Yards 5 7 LINE STATION AT 34TH STREET/HUDSON YARDS

Location: 34th Street/Hudson Yards Station, New York, NY Owner/Developer: MTA Capital Construction, New York, NY Funding Partner: Hudson Yards Development Corporation, New York, NY Architect: Dattner Architects (Richard Dattner, FAIA; Beth Greenberg, FAIA), New York, NY Structural, Civil, MEP & Lead Designer: , New York, NY Consultant : HLH7 (joint venture of Hill International; LiRo , Lemley International, and Henningson Durham & Richardson and Engineering), New York, NY Heavy Construction of Running Tunnels and Station Structures: S3 II Tunnel Constructors (joint venture of Shea Construction, Skanska Construction, and Schiavone Construction), New York, NY Station and Systems Buildings Fit-Out Construction: Skanska/Railworks, JV (joint venture of Skanska Construction, Inc. & Railworks Transit, Inc.), New York, NY Inclined and Connector Tunnels Heavy Construction and 33rd Street System Building Core and Shell: Yonkers Contracting Company, Inc., Yonkers, NY Structural Steel Erector: Skanska Koch, Carteret, NJ Exterior Wall Systems/Cladding Erector: Jordan Panel Systems Corp., East Northport, NY Entrance Canopy Erector: Enclos, New York, NY

Since the MTA’s performance requirements Above The station’s stainless steel and zanine on the west side allows for future expan- glass entrance canopy was designed by maintenance labor, Greenberg notes, the station’s Toshiko Mori. Facing Xenobia Bailey's Funktional interior uses a palette of three basic materials: granite to add another circulation element,” Greenberg Vibrations (2014) hovers above the en- says, “either elevator or escalator or some combi- trance escalators and upper mezzanine. for the upper walls and ceilings, and porcelain tile nation, there is the potential for connecting directly and stainless steel for the lower walls (textured stain- into the station.” less steel panels in between portal ribs, 14 gauge line of the London Underground, the connector to ish as supplied by the manufacturer; panels at ribs, once-remote Canary Wharf, as a prototype for 34th/ fascia panels 16 gauge 316 stainless steel, polish Hudson Yards. “I think we got from that, ideas of #4; at the portal entry, ¼-inch-thick 316 stainless steel (shop-fabricated), polish #4; and between the he says. “We’re using bright materials, good lighting, lower-level mezzanine and platform, 14 gauge 316L stainless steel). The number and size of the perfora- steel framing. “We looked to modern prototypes tions, she adds, were “carefully calibrated between rather than to the historic New York City stations.” the lighting requirements and the acoustic require- Transition portals between the mezzanines and ments”; the station is noticeably quieter than others escalator/elevator banks use a common language of in the system, owing to both the paneling and the steel arches with rhythmic ribs, organically suggest- use of resilient neoprene-padded rails, which mini- mize friction, heat, noise, and steel-dust generation For such an advanced station to appear at a site by train wheels. The complex includes approximately that looks peripheral on the subway map may strike 30,000 feet of running rail, and the station cavern some observers as disproportionate. Another way (lower mezzanine and platform public areas) contains to look at 34th/Hudson Yards, however, is to invoke approximately 41,000 square feet of ceiling panels Berthold Lubetkin’s maxim that “nothing is too good (stainless steel and porcelain enamel over steel com- for ordinary people,” a principle that should arguably bined), 6,500 square feet of stainless wall cladding, enjoy wider application in a democracy. The station’s 6,000 linear feet of stainless trim of various heights function and aesthetics both rely not on glitz but on (12 inches or less), and 2,000 linear feet of stainless the sturdiness of steel. As the West Side sprouts railings, including about 1,000 feet with stainless more residences, workplaces, and cultural magnets, New York’s center of gravity is shifting; this attractive Another advantage of extensive panelization new gateway will help the whole region discover the is that it facilitates access for upkeep and future city’s promising western frontier.

6 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 7 10 Hudson Yards

Line, and the building’s main developments on lobby entrances to the west ’s west side, are directly accessible from the a striking high-rise elevated park. This unique siting made the features an expertly creation of the lobby’s 82-foot- crafted curtain wall tall cable wall façade and a system held together trapezoidal 207-foot-tall Coach by high-tensile cables. Atrium cable wall, which spans THE HUDSON YARDS PROJECT HAS designers and its installers. been described as constructing Thornton an entire neighborhood from Tomasetti, who provided struc- - tural and façade consulting ser- opment’s 16 planned skyscrapers vices for the project, conducted (and the only one not supported a study of the atrium aimed at by two giant platforms over the understanding the structural East and West Rail Yards), 10 implications and façade issues Hudson Yards showcases the involved in building a multistory beauty, engineering precision, atrium. The study led to the and craftsmanship possible with design of a one-way vertical today’s cutting-edge curtainwall cable system with intermediate technologies. Designed by Kohn beams supporting laminated Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF), glass panels through glass the 52-story building—anchored by the luxury fashion company system optimizes the façade’s Coach, Inc., features a multi-fac- transparency, and provides the The 895-foot-tall 10 Hudson Yards, eted shape and several intersect- airy, open experience the design ing curtain wall sytems. team desired for their tenants. reshaping Manhattan’s West Side, The southern façade of 10 “In retail venues, the tension features an 82-foot-tall cable wall lobby façade and a trapezoidal Hudson Yards over façade maximizes the avail- 207-foot cable wall. the 30th Street spur of the High

8 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 10 Hudson Yards 9 Top on which cable wall glass is set. The tension cable—with such a large glass load, stainless steel cable was not an option due to limitations in stainless cable diameter and strength. Center Glass was not drilled to create is clamped in place at the corners to rotation in the patch, allowing glass lites spans between structural members. Bottom Tensioned cables support the Coach lobby façade, which runs along a section of the High Line.

and services on display, while public spaces, the lack of deep vertical mullions means easier and better circulation behind the façade,” explains Michael Awad, an engineer for atrium and lobby curtain wall installer W&W Glass. Analagous to stringing a tennis racket, the tensioning process involved imposing tens to hundreds of thousands of pounds on the surrounding struc- ture, with large steel truss beams at the head of the opening and large reinforced embed plates at the sill. In spite of the additional steel and concrete required for Left A view of one of the building’s the cable center,” explains made from wire that is drawn diameters and cable end reac- this design, early planning for entrances beneath the High Line from Awad. “This distance was in a “Z” shape rather than a tions to economical levels on and coordination of the design the upper lobby. important to both the macro cylindrical section, according the structure, per Thornton Right Exterior of the lobby cable wall among the entire project team that wraps underneath the tower at analy- to Awad. “These ‘Z’-shaped Tomasetti. helped control costs. the southwest corner, connecting with sis and the detailed analysis wires are wound together in the In order to support the For the Coach wall, this the High Line and the shingled exterior of the hardware that joins the stranding process in such a way façade’s gravity loads from the design helped to cut down on façade above. glass to the cable. Thus, it was that the exterior of the stranded 52-story tower, anchors embed- the overall loading that otherwise critical to balance the size and wire is extremely smooth, in ded in the slab at the top of would have been required at the spacing of the hardware that contrast to typical wire rope and each unitized system unit carry head and sill of the 200-foot-tall joins the cables to the building strand made from round wires.” the load back to the primary wall by bracing the wall at every superstructure with the size and The architects opted to structure. clamp the glass in place at the “Wind loads on glass panels would have required larger end that controls the glass to cable corners to provide a level of are transferred through the split reactions and cable diameters. relationship.” mullions to the top and bot- At the same time, designing, Due to the tension façade’s tom of the unitized panel,” says fabricating, and installing the heavy loads, stainless steel cable Zach Wiegand, an associate tension façade system involved was not an option as it is not avail- the cable over the spans be- with . “The intensive , per- able in the diameter and strength tween structural members. top wind load is transferred formed by Thornton Tomasetti, levels required. So, as an alterna- As for the Coach Atrium wall, directly to the slabs through the taking into account details that tive, the team selected a Galfan kickers back every vertical anchors, and the bottom wind are generally not critical in link-locked galvanized cable, cable to horizontal steel beams load is transferred to the unit standard curtain wall design. which has an extremely high load- - below via a splice plate, and For this project, “there were carrying capacity, for the Coach mately every 27 feet. The kicker then into the slab anchor. The many space limitations that wall and the lobby walls. tieback module was driven by anchors themselves are essen- The “link-locked” cable both KPF’s desired aesthetic tially aluminum angles or hooks

the inside face of glass and W&W Glass This page and opening spread: right: W&W Glass Left: Steve Freihon; is a stranded wire material and an interest in keeping cable bolted to the top of the slab in

10 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 10 Hudson Yards 11 Left The dramatic 21-story Coach High Line and downtown Manhattan. Its units are approximately 13½ feet high by 5 feet wide. Facing The Coach Atrium is a 207- foot-tall trapezoid-shaped Pilkington Planar Optiwhite low- laminated glass tension cable façade spanning from from the High Line from the south.

recessed pockets, located spe- At the atrium cable wall, all dead load is transferred to the top through the pre-tensioned cables, he explains. Wind load is transferred equally to the top and bottom of the wall through axial tension in the supporting cables. sal curtainwall project, Wiegand suggests that detailing the unitized shingled façade was perhaps the most challenging aspect as there was no “natural” location to position the stack joint and mullion splices since adjacent units are not copla- nar. To address this, special adapters were bolted to the top of the units to transfer the loads. In addition, implementing the cable wall design was chal- lenging because cable tensions supporting primary structure. “At the lobby, the cable wall actually wraps a corner, so shear straps were integrated in the horizontal tions at the corner,” he says. Moving on to the next proj- ect, 30 Hudson Yards is rapidly rising from the ground on its way to a 90-story summit. The tower, also designed by KPF and already committed with tenants, will feature a large curtain wall system, spanning the majority of the structure. In addition, the building will show- case a dramatically cantilevered 10 HUDSON YARDS observation , accessible to “The lack of deep vertical the public. Location: 10 Hudson Yards, New York, NY While 10 Hudson Yards Owner/Developer: Related Properties, New York, NY mullions means easier and better slopes toward the river, 30 Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, New York, NY Hudson Yards will gesture Structural Engineer: Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY circulation behind the façade.” toward the city, thereby creating Mechanical Engineer: Jaros Baum & Bolles Consulting Engineers, New York, NY Construction Manager: Tutor Perini Corporation, New York, NY Michael Awad, W&W Glass skyline vantage points. The two Curtain Wall Consultant: Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY buildings will join together via a Curtain Wall Fabricators: (atrium and lobby) Pilkington Planar, Hauppauge NY; occupied by shops, res- Tripyramid Structures, Westford, MA; (podium) Coordinated Metals, taurants, and a new wave of visi- Carlstadt, NJ; (tower façade) Enclos, New York, NY tors to a neighborhood like none Curtain Wall Erectors: (atrium and lobby) W&W Glass, Nanuet, NY; (podium)

Manhattan has seen before. Steve Freihon Courtesy Thornton Tomasetti Coordinated Metals, Carlstadt, NJ; (tower façade) Enclos, New York, NY

12 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 10 Hudson Yards 13 New York City Police Academy

The largest public was formally dedicated last building in New York December. In the interim it earned to achieve LEED Gold train for urban water rescue in a designated aquatic center, read consolidated police academy the nuanced body language of campus in New York history, and campus prepares robbery in a mock bank envi- its largest public building to earn recruits for success ronment, and outsmart virtual a LEED Gold rating. with considerations threats in cyber-terrorism classes. Perkins+Will senior project for optimized training manager Laurie Butler remarks conditions, quickly may encounter in her service that, to accommodate the evolving technology, to New York, she will likely academy’s diverse program, and adaptation to have confronted its simulation the designers had to tap deep expertise in educational and of- future requirements Realizing this facility required as for public safety. many structural solutions as there really well with the police to are training scenarios. develop physical training facilities. IF YOU CAN MAKE IT here, you These typologies aren’t unusual, can make it anywhere. Or so 1985, the project as it is now but the accumulation of them all should be the tagline of the New in one place is.” In turn, the team York City Police Academy’s new made sense of the various uses campus in College Point, Queens. NYPD tow pound near Flushing by distributing them into a Recruit Its 730,000-square-foot phase- Bay—a wetland landscape— Academic Building and Physical one facility triples the space of for conversion into the campus. Training Building along an east– the New York Police Department’s Shortly thereafter the city’s west axis. former Manhattan-based acad- Department of Design and Standing eight stories tall and emy, and thanks to the project’s Construction, which supervised organized around a glass-walled An eight-story stair connects the tremendous scope, “this was our redevelopment, contracted atrium, the academic building opportunity to dream big and with architect Perkins+Will with includes classrooms, a naturally and creates a sense of community. Facing The campus’s main entrance to think long-term,” says NYPD Michael Fieldman Consulting illuminated auditorium that seats

on 28th Avenue in Queens. Eric Laignel Ed Hueber Inspector Michael S. McGrath, Architects, and the academy

14 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 New York City Police Academy 15 Clockwise from top The 45,000- square-foot gymnasium spans 180 feet without interruption. A skylit cafeteria space can seat 800 cadets at once. Lit naturally, an auditorium also seats 800 students.

largely into the structural design of the utility plant and buildings, such as the requirement that it prevent as well as mock environments like the waterway, the program-led load to bedrock via deep piles. Clockwise from top left A connection progressive collapse. “In addition, that vulnerable bank. Meanwhile, organization of the campus both According to Thomas Reynolds, point for Vierendeel truss columns. the owner chose to voluntarily Installation of 60-inch-deep cellular the so-called PT building includes - an associate at Silman, the upgrade the building to a higher beams every 10 feet on center over the cafeteria, 75-foot-long pool, mizes impact on local ecology. academy stands atop more than the academy’s long-span spaces. structural occupancy category, and 45,000-square-foot gymna- The wetland landscape 3,000 of these 14-inch-diameter Ironworkers from Stonebridge Steel so the campus could function sium that spans 180 feet without did present other challenges steel piles, which were Erection move a cellular beam into as a staging area for emergency interruption. An intertidal canal to the structural engineering driven 165 feet below grade on place. Concentric braced frames visible response teams during a natural from training areas are made of divides the two volumes, while team comprising Silman, Guy - disaster,” Reynolds says. “The the wings are bridged by an artery Nordenson and Associates, and crete. In addition to the build- columns and 16½-inch-diameter braces. decision created need for a more known as : The glass- Weidlinger Associates. Prior to ings, phase one of the campus robust structural design than what enclosed circulation volume inte- serving as a tow pound, this area includes a central utility plant was required by code based on grates with the south elevation of of College Point was ostensibly located immediately to the west the academic building, emerges of the PT building. The team considered eleven from it to traverse the canal, and - While security prevents disclo- then meets the PT building at its cant settlement concerns that sure of detailed structural solu- accommodate these worst-case

eastern elevation. By straddling require transferring structural This page: Stonebridge Steel Erection This page: Eric Laignel scenarios, and ultimately chose

16 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 New York City Police Academy 17 steel frame with concrete-on- Reynolds explains; these bays comprise 66-inch-deep AESS Left A seven-story atrium marks the instance—many others are incor- coated on the production line and NEW YORK CITY POLICE ACADEMY entrance to the eight-story classroom mostly measured 60 feet by 30 cellular beams that weigh 290 porated into the experience of then anchored into the build- of the decision, “It was most pounds per foot and feature Above The main campus building at the architecture. In addition to the Location: 130-30 College Point Blvd., College Point, Queens, NY sensible in terms of progressive were framed with 60-inch-deep cambering 10 inches at the night. Due to increased structural capac- gymnasium’s mighty , special perception of local government. Owner: NYC Department of Design and Construction, New York, NY - cellular beams at 10 feet on center. center, and they are spaced 30 concentric braced frames are vis- “We’re new to the neighborhood, Architect: Perkins+Will, New York, NY entire campus could operate as a base Thirty-by-thirty-foot bays in the feet apart perpendicular to the for emergency response teams during ible immediately behind the glaz- and we didn’t want to build a Consulting Architect: Michael Fieldman Architects, New York, NY academic building feature W18x50 long span. The cellular beams are a disaster. ing of Broadway and the atrium; concrete silo that was solely Structural Engineers: Silman Associates, New York, NY; Guy Nordenson and changes.” McGrath underscores framed into W40 girders on each their 20-inch-diameter concrete- concerned with structural integrity Associates, New York, NY; Weidlinger Associates, New York, NY the latter point, observing, “Before ¾-inch-diameter headed shear end, but not before they were and counterterrorism.” Mechanical Engineer: WSP Flack + Kurtz, New York, NY 9/11, we were a traditional police studs welded 10 feet on center. spliced together on the ground in ½-inch-diameter braces feature The head of cadets adds that Construction Managers: STV Construction, New York, NY; Turner Construction, department that looked for the Preparing the NYPD for its ar- 60-foot-long sections and lifted both AESS and structural steel. the surrounding community has New York, NY bad guys. Who knows what the ray of present-day training needs into place. “The beams also had According to Reynolds, an astute responded positively to that sen- Structural Steel Fabricator: Cives Steel Company, Gouverneur, NY next change will be? We train for also meant deviating from these visitor will also sense a glaring sitivity, while envoys from other Structural Steel Erector: Stonebridge Steel Erection, all of it.” norms. Reynolds says the various composite action, with a skylight absence of posts or hangers in police departments are treating Miscellaneous Iron Fabricators and Erectors: Empire City Iron Works, In the central utility plant, bays solutions demanded that fabrica- cutting through the center of the PT building’s switchback the project as a model for emula- Long Island City, NY; Post Iron Works, Inc., Greenwich, CT averaged 20 feet by 35 feet to ac- tor Cives Steel Company produce the span,” Reynolds adds, “and stair, for which the project team tion. As for Reynolds, the New Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: J-Track LLC, College Point, NY commodate large MEP units, with this was done by welding a tube attached to cantilever York City Police Academy is a Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Gamma USA, Inc., New Rochelle, NY you roll only twice a year, some to create the impression that it is living textbook. “This project had Metal Deck Erector: Stonebridge Steel Erection, four ¾-inch-diameter shear studs types of tubes, you name it.” The every kind of structural challenge spaced 10 feet on center. Typical building uses 6,000 tons of steel concrete and studs.” remarks that putting structural you could think of,” he says. “You bays in the physical training build- in all, much of it A992 Grade 50 While the academy conceals derring–do on display, combined rarely see all this in one place, ing were much larger, to accom- structural steel. many other custom solutions— with the academy’s highly dimen- and when I work with younger en- modate -free space in In the cavernous gymnasium, Vierendeel support a sional façades (in which panelized gineers, we always go back to the

dining, aquatic, and gym spaces, for example, the 180-foot spans 90-foot-high visitor entrance, for Eric Laignel Ed Hueber Police Academy for reference.”

18 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 New York City Police Academy 19 Via 57 West

A fantastical yet by the architect and its developer, functional residential The , who building required began discussing the 709-unit, several façade systems 831,000-square-foot project with BIG in 2007. and thousands of The site did not immediately unique components, jump out as an ideal residential even borrowing laser location. Framed by a power technology from the plant, a sanitation garage, and the auto industry to achieve , the building the hyperbolic needed a sense of place and re- paraboloid form of its spite amid the city infrastructure. The courtyard, which intention- southwest face. ally has the same proportions as Frederick Law Olmsted’s design for , creates this EVEN IN A CITY THAT has seen it all, sanctuary at the center of the a new pyramid-shaped building block between West 57th and on Manhattan’s west side water- 58th streets. front is a head-turner. Designed The building’s tetrahedron by Group (BIG), Via shape, “came about from our 57 West brings a hint of its archi- conversations with Durst that tect’s home country, , to were interested in trying to ex- the city with a courtyard-centric plore a mid-rise typology for the design that gives the building a site because they actually had sail-like shape on the edge of the a rather large footprint with less Hudson River. Ingels has said the density than you might normally building was conceived out of the have in a skyscraper situation,” idea of combining the density of Ingels explains in an interview a Manhattan skyscraper with the with the Council on Tall Buildings The south façade of Via 57 West courtyard communal space tradi- and Urban Habitat. Wanting to features alternating San Francisco- style bay windows and nested tionally found in Danish residential take advantage of the low build- balconies for every apartment. buildings. The result is a new ings to the south of the site and typology called a “courtscraper” its position at one of Manhattan’s

20 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Via 57 West 21 widest points, BIG began creating Right The landscaped courtyard creates iterations of what a rectangular a sanctuary for residents among the courtyard building would look building’s industrial surroundings. Below The lobby’s grand stair (left) and like and discovered they could one of the building’s residential units achieve the desired Manhattan overlooking the courtyard. density by pulling the northeast corner into a point 470 feet in the air. The silhouette leaves water double-curved surface in more views uninterrupted for the neigh- than 1,200 unique prefabricated boring Helena Tower, also owned mega panels, each 5 feet tall by Durst. and spanning anywhere from 18 Via 57 West’s asymmetry inches to 30 feet in height. allows sunlight to enter the In order to fabricate curved courtyard and grants residents and twisted components accord- views of the river (inside, units are ing to tolerance Enclos introduced laid out in a herringbone pattern a new technology, borrowed from to orient views toward the water). the automotive industry: laser me- From the east, the building reads trology. “Through this extremely as a slender spire. Thanks to its accurate 3-dimensional scanning shape, it has no real roof, but of each component and of each instead a three-sided façade that assembled mega panels we could at its most dramatic angle, facing guarantee that all the materi- the water, warps into a hyperbolic paraboloid, a double-curvature and work together to create the that slopes toward the ground. To unique curvature of the building's the north and east, the façade is composed of an undulating ex- terior wall with high-performance is made of stainless steel with a glass and aluminum spandrel panels, which transition into a stainless steel curtain wall skin on to optimize the orientation of the the sloped portion of the façade. panels during the laser-cutting This largest face of the building process to reduce the material required complex problem solv- waste. The material was also ing from the start. Working with chosen for its soft, non glar- façade consultant Israel Berger & ing appearance in sunlight, and Associates, now part of Vidaris, its resistance to ; the BIG tapped façade engineering building’s location next to the and curtain wall design company Hudson River puts it in a coastal Enclos to provide comprehen- environment with high salinity in sive design/assist-design/build the air, and corrosive conditions services for the north elevation’s are exacerbated by pollution from the West Side Highway. Stainless system, south facing unitized steel is the ideal material to resist stainless steel sloped wall system, this aggressive environment. and the east- and west-facing Each of the several thou- custom curtain wall systems. sands of stainless steel panels required to create the megapanels with BIG for part of the project before joining Enclos to work on Via 57 West as a senior designer in the company’s Advanced Technology Studio. “There were two major challenges: waterproof- ing and fabrication,” he says. In order to optimize the cost of the project, Enclos designed completely pre-assembled systems in order to minimize the Top The building’s south façade high cost of workmanship and the mechanical level that typically tops a residential high-rise is incorporated into logistics in New York. To do so, the top of the pyramid. Façade openings they designed all the vertical that reveal terraces below become vents façades of the building as prefab- for the building’s systems at this level. ricated curtain wall systems. For Above Diagrams from an Enclos PowerPoint presentation illustrate the hyperbolic paraboloid façade installation of the south face’s vertical geometry, a similar approach was

gutters and façade megapanels. used: They subdivide the entire photograph: © Iwan Baan; drawing: BIG; this page: Enclos; facing: Baan Opening spread

22 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Via 57 West 23 VIA 57 WEST

Location: 625 West , New York, NY Owner: The Durst Organization, New York, NY Architect: , New York, NY Architect of Record: SLCE Architects, New York, NY Structural Engineer: Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Dagher Engineering, PLLC, New York, NY : Hunter Roberts Construction Group, New York, NY Façade Consultant: Israel Berger & Associates (now part of Vidaris, Inc .), New York, NY Curtain Wall Fabricator and Erector: Enclos, New York, NY

is unique. Enclos used Rhino between rafters using adjustable Above The building viewed from the and Grasshopper software to to locate any leakage during the west, across the Hudson River. The generate the panels in 3-D, then construction,” he adds. four for each panel (two dead-load building’s slope allows a transition in scale between low-rise structures automatically output fabrication With such a large surface area, anchors at the top and two wind- to the south and high-rise residential drawings for each one of them. All water management is the sloped load anchors at the bottom). towers to the north and east. the panels where fabricated and façade’s hidden talent, prevent- “The entire geometry was Facing An aerial view shows the assembled in the Enclos facility in ing leaks between the complex unusual and the approach of pre- courtyard, which was inspired by residential buildings in Copenhagen. Richmond, Virginia, and shipped geometries of the panels. There fabricating such a complex to the jobsite. Once there, each are two main lines of defense. The geometry was unique and as far panel was picked by a and outer stainless steel panels work as we know, not done before,” installed in its precise location. as a rainscreen barrier, shedding The angle of the sloping por- most of the water. Each stack a book entitled, Hot To Cold, an tion of the façade (measured to joint is protected with a gasket to odyssey of architectural adapta- the horizon) varies constantly from prevent as much water as pos- tion, presenting case studies on 0 degrees at the lowest corner to sible from getting into the inner 67 degrees at the top of the build- layer. The second line of defense, range of climatic conditions. In a ing. “Because of all the issues the network of horizontal and chapter about Via 57 West, Ingels that this constantly varying angle vertical gutters, directs additional recalls asking at would have created to a typical water to a gutter at the base of one of their earliest meetings, “If stack joint, we decided instead the sloped façade, where it is they had ever considered allowing collected and reused for irrigation. the design of the building to be di- and treat the units similarly to The water collection happens en- rectly informed by the building. In tirely on the outside of the façade, short, my question [was]: ‘Why do turally support the façade, Enclos so no drains penetrate the skin. all your buildings look like build- built a network of sloping vertical Each of the rafters were pre- ings?’” Years later, the building rafters (these also act as tracks for fabricated, shipped to the site and is a symbol of that question, and the façade maintenance program) installed using custom-designed, its answer by one architect. It’s a and horizontal gutters, which top-of-slab steel anchors capable place that mitigates the extremes receive the water not shed by the of 6 degrees of freedom to ac- of New York for its inhabitants, stainless steel panels. “This water commodate the inevitable toler- while showing how extreme management system, even if more ance of the concrete structure. architecture can advance the city’s

time consuming to install, was The panels were then installed skyline in the future. This page and facing: © Iwan Baan

24 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 25 World Trade Center Transpor tation Hub

of PATH and Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) Calatrava’s beam-sculpture may be tracks, working around operating train service, and seen as one of New York’s great public responding to midstream security mandates, the spaces, thanks to ingenious engineering. Hub’s design and construction team achieved feats improbable enough to border on miraculous. The Hub comprises three chief components: RARELY HAS A MAJOR PIECE of transit infrastructure the Connector from the Fulton Street station, the drawn as much press, before even opening, as the Oculus, and the Concourse leading to the PATH hall World Trade Center (WTC) Transportation Hub. First Place, the former World Financial Center, which revised, security-hardened, and value-engineered over a decade of design and construction work in a densely politicized atmosphere, the Hub held its Concourse, like the Oculus, features the signature “soft opening” in March 2016, with Port Authority steel ribs, painted bright white with Interchar, a Trans-Hudson (PATH) trains in service, then unveiled its retail component later in the year. International Paints, a material derived from the On one level, it’s a PATH terminal, and New aerospace industry (“it was used on the butt end of elegance that the Hub’s soaring beams, white professor of construction and facilities management at Pratt Institute, who served as for with nary a straight line in sight, can seem out- landish. On another, it’s part of the WTC complex, “Early on in the design, it was contemplated burdened with a complex history. People died that Calatrava wanted to use concrete,” reports here; anything built here, not just the Memorial and Durkin. “The steel itself is extremely complicated to Museum, should honor them. Spaces here should inspire ongoing generations to move with purpose, in the world, all foreign, could handle the job. Above- grade steel members for the Oculus were custom- easy to forget this whenever a bean-counting scribe pounces on Calatrava for indulgence, and charges that X number of dollars might have been redirected 4,700 miles from Italy to the Red Hook port, then from artistic intangibles to Y number of subway escorted to the site. Below-grade steel and some of upgrades, salaries, or potholes repaired. With those perspectives acknowledged but not New York-based Skanska fabricated and erected overemphasized, questions about how the Hub approximately 11,000 tons of structural steel, includ- ing the Hub’s portals, arches, and rafters. the elliptical transit hall named for its signature Pieces were extremely large, Durkin recalls, to feature, a 330-foot-long, 160-foot-high arching glass aperture intended to open on special occasions and challenging calculations by Vancouver-based erection temperate days, is a column-free, self-supporting engineers Buckland and Taylor ensured “extremely composition of steel ribs (reports of total tonnage tight tolerances” onsite, he reports, “about a quarter of vary from about 14,000 tons to 15,250 tons, the - tions. “It was extremely challenging to erect those it, it’s hard to envision how it holds itself up,” says tight tolerances. There’s no fake structure; there’s no covering structure between the steel and the glass. Tishman Construction and project manager on The ribs are the mullions for the glass.” Moreover, “the the Hub, “but it really is a kind of bridge.” Under the unique conditions of a site whose grade-level put together, so as you’re setting the structures, the The operable Oculus skylight will be plaza had to be completed by the 10th anniversary opened annually on September 11. of the 9/11 attacks, constrained by the position really some fantastic engineering that was done by

26 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 World Trade Center Transportation Hub 27 Vierendeel truss [that] runs down the center, was Left Construction at the Hub ca. you’re adding these 14,000 tons of steel on top of an the last piece to go in the rafters,” Howie says. February 2013. “They jacked down the structure from its tempo- Above top and bottom Connection joints for the structural steel elements of Steel overcomes its reputation as a rectilinear ma- rary shoring and placed the load on the actual the Oculus ribs. - structure, and then they took out the temporary Facing clockwise from top An aerial steel. There was another building underneath all of view looking south on the World Trade in concrete because of the shapes possible with that this; no one recognizes the complexity of building Center site. Construction of the Hub’s bonelike structure. An interior view material. But structurally those would have added this.... Although it may seem very light and open, of the WTC Transportation Hub during too much weight and been structurally unachievable. it’s actually a very complicated structural and con- construction. View from 7 WTC of Howie was initially surprised at the material choice: struction problem.” construction on the Hub, 3 WTC and “Until I got to the area above the Concourse where Not all the ribs are necessary to carry the load completed 4 WTC in the background. A crane lifts one of the 114 rafters structurally. The many changes since the initial 2004 that were installed on the Hub. gymnastics with the shapes of them. And that’s obvi- design included a doubling of the number of ribs ously why it had to be done in steel.” in response to Police Department orders regarding The roof of the Concourse had to be built from blast safety, reducing 11-foot modules (matching the top down to avoid deep excavation disturbing those of the retail areas) to 5 feet, 5 inches, “leav- Memorial Plaza construction, without columns sup- ing a glass space of 4½ feet,” Howie reports. “The porting the MTA 1 line, which runs down the middle architectural pattern of the roof is at 5½ feet. Now, no of the project. Steel “micro-piles” were driven down one has mentioned that at all, [but] that doubled the about 100 feet, Durkin reports, as the crew excavat- cost right there in the steel. Doubled the cost of erec- ed four levels in 15-foot segments, pouring concrete tion; doubled the cost of temporary structure.” The slabs at each level. “The original concept would Oculus, one of the project supervisors told Howie, have been to put a temporary structure all the way contains “52 miles of welding. In my career, I’ve down to the bottom and then build back up. That probably saved at least a year, if not more.... That Only those who saw the Hub take shape may fully appreciate its scale and sophistication. Howie time to my knowledge it was done in New York City.” recalls “a forest of columns that was supporting [the The Oculus beams needed support from portal 1 line] until they put these massive girders... 18-20 frames resting on a compression ring, with all the feet high, basically railroad bridges underground. temporary supports in place until the assembly And only when those were done could they remove

was complete. “The major structural piece, the James Ewing; This page: Steel Institute of New York Opening spread: This page, clockwise from top: Silverstein Properties (1, 2, 4); Joe Woolhead (3, 5)

28 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 World Trade Center Transportation Hub 29 The Oculus stands as both a monument on the World Trade Center site and as a functional piece of New York City transit. Facing Steel ribs reach 160 feet into the air from the main hall. They are coated coating, a material derived from the aerospace industry.

underside of the trusses, which is all-concrete; and WORLD TRADE CENTER TRANSIT HUB structural steel that you see, there are pieces of steel Location: World Trade Center, 290 Broadway, New York, NY that I have never seen in my career, 4 or 5 inches- Owner: Port Authority of New York and , New York, NY thick steel, that are part of this trusswork.” Architect and Structural Engineer: Santiago Calatrava LLC, New York, NY Architect, Structural Engineer of Record, Mechanical Engineer: The Downtown the Oculus as “a piazza for New York, the same way Design Partnership (STV/AECOM joint venture in association with Santiago the piazzas were traditionally understood in Europe: Calatrava and Parsons Transportation Group), New York, NY as a place for visiting and gathering in which the Construction Manager: Tishman Turner JV, New York, NY access to the main locations of the city are articu- Structural Steel Fabricator: Skanska Koch, Carteret, NJ Structural Steel Erector: DCM Erectors, New York, NY; Skanska Koch, has forever blurred the lines between public space, Carteret, NJ luxury shopping mall, and transit station. Skepticism follows opulence as naturally as fresh air rushes into a vacuum. And the Hub alone can’t untangle New York’s transit dilemmas. The public who ride the trains, traverse the public spaces, and try to assess what it gets for its four billion dollars—no one discussing the Hub omits experience of standing beneath the enormous ocu- lus, among New Yorkers who uncharacteristically drop their freneticism, raise their eyes, and stand as still and respectful as choristers, is a sensa- tion unlike any other in the city. Durkin reads that recurrent response in kinetic terms, generated by ribs: “If all the pieces were symmetrical, I don’t think it would have the same impact. I think that conveys motion.” “No one’s seen anything like this before,” says Howie. “It is certainly and undeniably an extrava-

gance. But it’s a pretty spectacular extravagance.” James Ewing This spread:

30 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 31 Capital One

A carefully engineered installation at a Midtown banking center brings together cutting-edge design modeling software with the age-old art of steel fabrication.

DESIGNED BY & SONS and opened in 1967, 299 is a stalwart of Midtown East. Alternating polished and matte stainless steel mullions emphasize its 42-story height, its glazing reading as almost black from the street, except at ground level. There, Capital One Financial Corp. has made its new commercial-banking headquarters known with a swooping sculpture that conveys a sense of energy to those who pass by. The piece was installed last year to mark the bank’s long-term lease of 250,000 square feet of the building, includ- ing a 5,500-square-foot, double-height retail space facing Park Avenue and 49th Street. Because the building’s North Pavilion, as it is known, sits on a podium a few steps above the street, the sculpture, which is more than 19 feet tall, almost 55 feet long and almost 17 feet wide, at just two points, the 14,000-pound piece curves lightly through the pavilion, which along with the sculpture was designed by a Gensler team led by closely with Amuneal, a Philadelphia-based fabrica- tion company awarded a design–build contract for the sculpture, to realize the installation. Though it is a sort of extrapolation of the bank’s logo, the client, “didn’t see this as a sculpture as much as a part of the architecture,” says Adam Kamens, CEO of Amuneal, who took over the family business from his parents and grew it from a technical metal of custom architectural applications. Before the team could begin to consider how to install such a massive piece within the glass- site’s constraints. The building sits over a Metro- North rail line, a factor that complicated its original engineering and also created a challenge for the sculpture’s design and fabrication. Because any reinforcements for the piece could only penetrate Thornton Tomasetti, and Amuneal’s in-house engineer worked together to develop a structural framework that would allow the sculpture to touch

32 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Capital One 33 Opening page and right Capital One’s commercial-banking headquarters, With two structural steel beams running later- designed by Gensler. The space features a 55-foot-long installation designed by ally beneath the pavilion space and tying into the the architects in collaboration with building’s existing structure, the engineers were Amuneal Manufacturing Corporation. able to stabilize the installation with two nested Facing In Amuneal’s Philadelphia facility, hollow structural sections (HSS). “Instead of having the entire sculpture was fabricated and erected to ensure tight tolerances were the anchoring points that go deep into a slab, we have anchor points that come up almost 2 feet into the sculpture,” explains Kamens. A cross-section of the sculpture would show one HSS welded to the structural member below, with another 4x4 HSS within the sculpture sliding, like a sleeve, over it. During installation, the two HSS were welded together onsite. The aluminum and steel structure of the sculpture took nearly 195 hours of engineering and modeling, 2,660 hours—over a year—of fabrication, and nearly 1,600 hours of installation time. Working from a ¼-scale wood model they milled with a 5-axis CNC machine at the project’s onset, Amuneal welded more than 2,000 square feet of steel to create the The team’s earliest design conversations focused on how to realize the Mobius-strip shape of the structure. Amuneal presented a few subtle variations of the design, each with the same footprint: one was a purely rectangular form; another had bottom plane narrower than its top plane, “so as it turned through the space it would force change in elevation and form,” says Kamens. From a fabrication standpoint, the trapezoidal form was more complex, but, “we thought it would bring more light and life to it,” he adds. The client and architects agreed. Other important conversations focused on how the structure would touch the ground. Amuneal created a full-scale, 12-foot-long section of the two anchor points that represented the permanent anchors at 299 Park, which allowed for only ¼-inch of tolerance throughout the entire sculpture. Modeling software facilitated collaboration and productive problem-solving throughout the design and fabrication phases. Working with Gensler’s Rhino model, Amuneal’s engineers created a type of translator between Rhino and their modeling soft- software package is that you can’t engineer some- thing you can’t make,” says Kamens. “In Rhino or other modeling packages you can create any shape you want, but in our package, if you can’t actually form that in metal, it won’t let you create the shape.” that can be fabricated in real life, not just onscreen. Once the design had been translated into Solid Edge, the software essentially “unfolded” its form for each to be rolled in the proper shape. The soft- ware also contemplated the entire form within a vir- tual two-story space to verify ADA compliance and mandatory distances from the pavilion walls. Putting the entire team on the same page about the forms of the installation, the software then allowed them to move on to conversations about their engineering approach. Amuneal worked with Thornton Tomasetti to determine weld conditions, material thicknesses, and the thickness of ribbed members required to

Rowland This page: Amuneal Manufacturing Corporation; all others: Garrett

34 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Capital One 35 After the mockup phase, the Amuneal team con- In turn, the ironworkers were eager to collaborate structed the entire structure at a Philadelphia ware- on a piece that would have such a public audience. house. They designed individual buck forms for each “They say they look forward to the projects that we of the negative spaces beneath the sculpture’s curves, work on because they can take friends to see it,” using the forms to ensure the entire piece was within says Kamens of the Freedom team, whose skilled the very tight tolerances. Inside the piece is a ½-inch work on other staircases, for instance, may some- - times be covered over by drywall or paneling. ture, with hundreds of ½-inch-thick carbon steel ribs of movement within the Pavilion, where seating areas sit within the curves at either end of the piece. But the an abrasive grinding and patina process using a series space doesn’t just shine during daytime meetings. A of chemical solutions to bring out various minerals light installation of hundreds of bulbs suspended on and oxides in the steel to achieve the desired color- vinyl-coated cables hangs over the piece, respond- ation. Then, each corner was burnished, and the entire ing to its negative space with its cloudlike shape and structure was dismantled for delivery to 299 Park. providing illumination that ensures the sculpture adds The installation arrived in New York in 16 pieces— its dynamism to busy street outside any time of the the size of each segment was based on the length day or night. through a single, not-so-large door, says Kamens. A crane picked up piece and got it as far as the door, then installers used a winch to pick pieces up inside CAPITAL ONE the pavilion and place them onto a trolley to move Location: Capital One North Pavilion, 299 Park Avenue, New York, NY jokes Kamens. Owner: Capital One, New York, NY The sculpture is supported by The piece was erected by Local 580 ironwork- Developer: Fisher Brothers, New York, NY structural steel members beneath the ers at New York-based Freedom Ironworks. “When Architect: Gensler, New York, NY we were putting together the logistics plan we met Structural Engineer: Thornton Tomasetti, New York, NY because of the Metro North train line running beneath. with them onsite and collaborated with them,” says Construction Manager: Richter + Ratner, New York, NY Facing The installation as seen from Kamens. “We like to collaborate early on in the pro- Architectural and Ornamental Metal Fabricator: Amuneal Manufacturing 49th Street. cess. We want them to inform the process and make Corporation, Philadelphia, PA sure they’re going to be comfortable with it.” Architectural Metal Erector: Freedom Ironworks, New York, NY

36 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Capital One 37 P. S . 6 2

School for Leadership and Sustainability at Sandy Ground, the steel-framed, precast panel-clad school in New York City and one of

IN OCTOBER, THE NONPROFIT New Buildings Institute released its 2016 List of Net Zero Buildings in North America, which showed a whopping 74 percent increase from 2015 of buildings that have either achieved or committed to the goal of producing as much renewable energy onsite as they consume in a year (from 191 to 332 buildings). As more cities and states take on stringent ener- gy codes, zero energy buildings are becoming an in- creasingly popular way for homeowners, businesses, and municipalities to lower environmental impacts, against power outages and natural disasters. New York City is no exception to these trends. With the city’s 1,600 public schools representing 37 percent of municipal greenhouse gas emissions, it made sense to test out a zero energy strategy, which is what the New York City School Construction Authority (SCA) did when it built the Kathleen Grimm School for Leadership and Sustainability at Sandy Ground, on Staten Island. Located on an L-shaped, 3.5-acre site in a residential neighborhood, the school is named after its location, Sandy Ground, home to one of the nation’s oldest surviving com- munities established by free blacks. Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), the 38,000-square-foot, two-story school serves around 450 students from pre-kindergarten through gy. SOM, which won the SCA’s invited competition, was asked to deviate from the authority’s design standards. “It’s a very small school, but this was the SOM’s senior design architect on the project. “They Thirty-foot-tall ribbed, precast concrete called it their ‘lab.’” A team will meet for three years panels attach to the exterior of the to review the building’s performance and incorporate interior building enclosure. Unlike a traditional brick wall with ties lessons learned into the SCA’s guidelines. puncturing the air and vapor barrier every 18 inches, this uninterrupted rain SOM, whose designers couldn’t have come up screen is free of thermal breaks. with a scheme for the building without help from sustainability and net zero consultants In:Posse and

38 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 P. S . 6 2 39 structural engineer Disimone. To begin, the team had Above In order to take advantage of to maximize daylight and passive energy strate- passive methods of energy savings, the architects shaped the interiors around daylighting, painting walls white envelope. This led to the school’s rectangular shape, and sloping the ceilings to amplify with an interior courtyard. A steel-frame structure skylights and clerestories. Below A diagram of precast façade long-span spaces that let daylight into the space. panels with a 30-foot vertical span and top and bottom support only, eliminating The typical steel dimensions within the structure puncture of the air/vapor barrier. are ASTM A992 (Fy = 50ksi) W18x35 shapes. All of the academic spaces are oriented to the north and south, where 30 percent of the façades are glazed, as opposed to the service spaces that are oriented to the east and west and are only 7 percent glazed. Top Attachment But, most striking to any visitor to P.S. 62, as the school is also known, is the 1,600 panel photovol- taic array that—like a cresting wave—begins on the south façade, where PVs are angled 70 degrees, and the north façade, shading part of a running track. Continuous Air & (The PVs were needed, in part, because the school Vapor Barrier wanted to be able to use the building at night and in the summer, doubling its energy use, says Cicconi. With the PVs, the team was able to reduce energy The cantilevered roof shades punched use by 50 percent per square foot. Energy modeling Bottom Attachment Precast Facade Panels: windows in the north-facing façade - 30’ Vertical Span shows that the array produces 658,000 kwh annu- James Ewing; diagram: SOM and opening spread: Photos this spread and part of the running track. - Top & bottom support only - No puncture of air/vapor barrier

40 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 P. S . 6 2 41 Right Sixteen hundred photovoltaic panels—treated as a single panel and spaced tightly together—wrap the south façade and the roof of the school, generating energy and simultaneously reducing the school’s energy consumption. Below A north–south section of the school.

ally, which is much more than the school consumes. Another 400 panels cloak a parking lot. For P.S. 62’s façade, SOM needed to conceive a much tighter envelope than typical brick masonry because masonry ties puncture the thermal barrier every 18 inches. Instead, the team conceived an rainscreen composed of 30-foot-tall ribbed panels; from footer to roof, nothing punctures the air and vapor barrier. The pre-cast panels are notched to sit around the triple-glazed windows. Figuring out how the façade and structural steel system would be constructed was a major chal- lenge in such an uber-sustainable project, says Desimone’s Natalie Bazile, the project engineer: “Because this was a green project and there were a stages, we decided to fully install part of the façade to test for leaks.” Doing so led the team to real- ize that they had to create a secondary structural we had to come up with the system that didn’t rely on using the beams and columns that were already PROJECT NAME there.” This separateP.S.62 system, NET ZERO made of custom box girders approximatelyENERGY 3 feet SCHOOL deep with typically HSS14x6 beams framing in between the girders, supports the PVs and allows for easy removal and replacement without disturbing the roof or . Where the PV array cantilevers, Bazile says the team tapered the girders for a more elegant DRAWING NAME wing-like aesthetic. “It’sNORTH a heavilySOUTH SECTION stressed member, so we wanted to eliminate the excess steel that isn’t

contributing to the support,”PHASE SUBMITTED she says. COMPLETED 2015 unit pavers for the parking lot, , and sidewalks P.S. 62 the most part. “It really is a sublime interior space,” says Cicconi. The architects placed classrooms release it slowly back into the ground. A custom Location: 644 Bloomingdale Road, Staten Island, NY

11 along the building’s south and north perimeters, and 1 1 1 “Building Dashboard” provides real-time feedback Owner: New York City School Construction Authority 2 LEGEND 10 brought in daylight with1 clerestoriesCLASSROOM and lower lines on the building’s energy use, providing moments to Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, New York, NY 2 GYMATORIUM 1 3 9 1 3 CAFETERIA of ribbon windows, or4 largeOFFICE windows to the north. use the building as a teaching tool. And energy hogs Structural Engineer: Desimone Consulting Engineers, New York, NY 5 STORAGE 6 SERVICE 7 RESTROOM Classrooms also have8 glazingMEP facing the double- like printers and kitchen appliances are grouped in Mechanical Engineer: AKF Group, New York, NY 9 LIBRARY 10 COURTYARD 11 GARDEN General Contractor: Leon D. DeMatteis Construction Corporation, Elmont, NY each have their own. Curtain Wall Consultant (Commissioning Agent): Heintges & Associates, New York, NY gym, Bazile designed streamlined steel trusses. “We P.S. 62 is also named after Kathleen Grimm, a Curtain Wall Erector: Jordan Panel Systems Corp., East Northport, NY tried to not to waste anything, and make things as deputy chancellor of New York City schools who simple and straightforward as possible,” she says. died of cancer at 68 in 2015. She was known as Indeed, 15 percent of the school’s materials are from smart and demanding, and a champion of students. recycled content. 0 5 10 20 40 She would probably be proud to be associated Other sustainable measures include a solar ther- with an innovative building that serves as a testing mal hot water system, geothermal wells, and energy- ground to improve the design and construction of

recovery ventilators that pre-treat the air. Permeable Photo: Stark Video Inc.; drawing: SOM future New York City schools.

42 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 P. S . 6 2 43 Prism Tower

Leave it to Christian de Portzamparc Portzamparc’s design. Occupying an L-shaped York envelope. A long process site at the corner of 28th and Park Avenue, the involving three developers and several segments, an integrated subway station and two program revisions over 14 years has become a success story on multiple After bringing oblique angles and asymme- levels, giving its neighborhood a tries to East 57th Street in the Louis Vuitton Moët strikingly complex geometry, a Hennessy tower (1999) and challenging West livable community, and a technically impressive façade. curves and pixelated, Klimt-inspired façades of (2014), he contributes a skyscraper that balances infolded volumes and aggressive acute HUGH FERRISS’S 1929 METROPOLIS OF TOMORROW angles, standing alone with no party walls and drawing series, elucidating New York’s 1916 zoning maximizing views in multiple directions through laws, remains a paradigm of aesthetic value arising oblique fenestration. Portzamparc credits zoning from civic practicality. Ferriss placed the iceberg- consultant Michael Parley for helping navigate like forms of legally allowable setbacks for light New York’s regulations, around which his design and air alongside the structures achievable with his day’s technologies, the well-known wedding-cake setbacks. Today’s parametric design tools allow the translating his conceptions into material reality. conception, modeling, and construction of angular The highly customized curtain walls, say partici- buildings closer to Ferriss’s purer abstractions. pants in the process, were hard to execute but essential to the Prism’s bracing atmosphere. 472-foot rental/condominium building northeast of “The complex geometry of the building required Madison Square, recalls those Ferriss sketches, tremendous amounts of modeling,” re- with the façade itself doing the work of the set- calls Patrick O’Neill, project manager at construc- back terraces. Its strikingly angled curtain walls tion manager Lendlease. “Everybody’s fear was the complicated three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle, plans into bright, crystalline residences. “Dare and when we cut the pieces, they all have to come not to be square,” says architect Christian de back together again at the end.” With the pur- Portzamparc, summarizing the parti behind his chase by Equity and Toll Brothers, the curtain-wall latest contribution to New York. consultant role passed from Gordon H. Smith to Portzamparc’s design features gemlike con- Israel Berger and Associates (now part of Vidaris), tours, clean yet unpredictable lines, exceptional light quality, and unparalleled views of neighboring guidelines,” O’Neill says. Sotawall fabricated icons like the Metropolitan Life Insurance and New the unitized curtain-wall panels at its facilities York Life buildings. The angles of the building’s in Brampton, Ontario, using low-iron ceramic- two main volumes and side pavilions deviate ar- fritted insulated glass from Viracon, cutting the restingly from the orthogonal norms of its neigh- extrusions, doing the joinery, and assembling the borhood. In its own way, the Prism complicates frames for shipping to the job site. O’Neill has the Manhattan grid as boldly as the Guggenheim special praise for Sotawall and installers W&W Museum did a half-century ago. Glass for handling this complicated job, a true The Prism actually predates Portzamparc’s slab-supported curtain wall, distinct from the hy- better-known residential supertall, One57, if one brid wall systems used on other projects. The Prism Tower’s unitized curtain- considers the full period of design work (it was The glass panels were typically 4 to 5 feet wide wall panels, thanks to Sotawall’s initially conceived in 2002) rather than the dates “Zero/Zero sightline” operable sashes and Viracon’s ceramic fritting, create of construction. After a change in ownership in partner of W&W Glass, varying with the geom-

Wade Zimmerman 2011, local architect of record Gary Handel made etry of the building. “There are so many corners

44 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Prism Tower 45 completely new and custom for this job,” allowing extrusion of complex shapes beyond what would have been readily available a few years ago. “The supporting hardware was all custom steel embeds that basically took a life of its own because of the complex geometry.” Coordinating the geometries of the concrete and the curtain walls, he says, with walls simultaneously sloping and changing angle in plan, was the most challenging aspect of the job. The fastening of the wall panels to the struc- tural concrete used Halfen channel inserts embedded into the top of the slabs, O’Neill says, rather than face-to-slab connections. “From those Halfen channels, aluminum anchor plates with an end hook were installed,” he reports. “When the unitized frames came, they had their associated engagement hook, which was bolted to the verti- cal mullions of the panel. Those had your typical barrel-bolt adjustments, which would deal with of the panel [in] the exact location in the y plane of the frame.” “Handel did a great job integrating Portzamparc’s concepts,” Haber recalls, produc- ing the working drawings and coordinating interior and structural elements. “With the advances of modeling that we have now, it was a little bit easier to take Portzamparc’s concept and actu- ally produce a product that mimicked [it].... You can achieve more complex shapes, now that we were able to model it in 3-D, a little bit better than we did 15 years ago.” Spandrel glass is minimal on this building, and “vision glass pretty much of natural light that was created into the build- ing is tremendous, compared to the neighboring façades.” The building uses “a custom operable window, which we call a Zero/Zero sightline window,” Haber notes. “You can’t see the operable sash from the outside or from the inside. The aluminum mullions that hold the curtain wall façade in place are actually coped and notched to receive the op- erable sash, so when that sash is closed, there’s not an extra sash line that you see. It’s basically one big piece of glass.” The outswing-awning-type operable vents are approximately 4 feet by 7 feet. “It’s a European design that we’ve brought Clockwise from top left Exterior to America,” Haber continues. “There’re not too façade inspections of the glass and many Zero/Zero sightline operable windows of joints. W&W Glass’s team sets the that magnitude in the city.” The system is not Above Christian de Portzamparc’s unitized panels from a mobile mini- design, assembling the building out of crane with winch positioned three inordinately expensive, and W&W is now using it four main volumes and optimizing elsewhere. “Everyone wants to have more views internal light penetration, means that tops of the unitized panels in of the outside as we get these buildings taller and taller; the Zero/Zero sightline basically achieves calls for extensive customization of to be set. Panels are erected by a mini- curtain-wall components. crawler crane at the building podium. that.... We’ve taken the Zero/Zero-sightline men- tality from the Prism Tower and made it a standard in our other residential wall systems for both rent- als and condos.” The result is an operable curtain wall of uncom- mon uniformity and clarity. “If you’re a bystander outside the building looking in,” O’Neill comments, “it becomes not impossible to the trained eye, but

This page: W&W Glass; facing: Wade Zimmerman This page: W&W Glass; facing: Wade for a layman’s point of view it would be virtually

46 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Prism Tower 47 impossible to know which units had operable vents.” Thermal performance is naturally critical in curtain walls with operable segments, particularly at each apex or transition point between planes; “in those areas there was a tremendous amount of aluminum,” O’Neill notes, but “there was no major issue with the thermal performance of the vents. The building’s aluminum components make key contributions to both its natural ventilation authoritative presence on the skyline. Gerald Bianco, project executive and senior of instructions and coordination among trades on this project as surprisingly smooth, despite the on/ culminating in the unusual dual-ownership ar- rangement. The building is unique in physical context as well as organizationally, he notes: “It sets back from the adjacent buildings to the south in a little bit of a canyon between the adjacent around... there is an opportunity for light to come in and showcase [Portzamparc’s] design all the way around the slab.” Design consistency extends PRISM TOWER into the corner subway entrance, where “it was Portzamparc’s desire to have the curtain wall Location: 400 Park Avenue South, New York, NY evolve into the station,” O’Neill reports. A polished Owners/Clients: Equity Residential, New York, NY; Toll Brothers City Living, stainless steel panel above the bend in the stair- Horsham, PA Architect: Atelier Christian de Portzamparc, Paris, France in and out of the station, extending the theme of Executive Architect: Gary E. Handel and Associates, New York, NY high visibility below grade. Structural Engineer: Desimone Consulting Engineers, New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Cosentini Associates, New York, NY The Prism’s angular geometries Though glazed façades on other recent high- extend to its integrated subway end residential buildings may connote a certain Construction Manager: Lendlease, New York, NY entrance. corporate blandness, the Prism’s sharp contours Curtain Wall Consultants: Gordon H. Smith Corp., New York, NY; Israel Berger Facing Sharply contoured volumes and Associates (now part of Vidaris), New York, NY contrast dramatically with er typology. Combining bold design thinking with Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: Coordinated Metals, Carlstadt, NJ neighboring buildings, making the Prism Tower a local icon and a rigorous construction procedures, Portzamparc’s Curtain Wall Erector: W&W Glass, Nanuet, NY magnet for photographers. building marks a clear distinction between mun-

This page and facing: Wade Zimmerman This page and facing: Wade dane luxury and pathbreaking architectural artistry.

48 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 Prism INSTITUTE NEWS AND EVENTS 148 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT Weight Watching: Adaptive Reuse with Structural Steel Cost savings, flexibility, and a high strength-to-weight ratio make structural steel an ideal choice Sponsored by the Steel Institute of New York | By Barbara Horwitz-Bennett

ising land costs and pressure for CONTINUING EDUCATION increasing the density of our cities have For Chicago’s tallest vertical expansion, R made it necessary to redevelop existing adding on a 25-story, 850,000-square- low-rise urban areas. The result is an increasing foot addition to the existing 33-story popularity of existing building reuse and the tower at Blue Cross Blue Shield, increasing number of projects building atop structural steel leveraged a high strength-to-weight ratio and speed existing buildings. Due to its high strength- of construction to meet the project’s to-weight ratio, recyclability, and flexibility, aggressive construction schedule. structural steel is particularly suitable for adaptive reuse and facility expansion projects. “When evaluated for ease of construction, schedule, cost, dimensional impact and architectural implications, steel framing is often found to be the optimal solution,” says Eli B. Gottlieb, P.E., senior principal at Thornton Tomasetti’s New York office. Architects have long relied on steel for projects that require design flexibility and longevity. “Steel can be removed, reworked and reused fairly easily and, in some respects,

CONTINUING EDUCATION

Varun Kohli, Sustainable Design Leader; Matt The jury sought to award designs that met EARN ONE AIA/CES HSW LEARNING UNIT (LU)

Learning Objectives Breidenthal, Regional Leader of Engineering; Nathan the mandate to fully integrate the building’s After reading this article, you should be able to: 1. Discuss aspects of the production of structural steel that make it ideal for Hoofnagle, Architect skin and structural systems to provide not building green. 2. Describe the scope of existing conditions study and/or testing involved in structural only environmental protection but also re- steel adaptive reuse. 3. List the various ways in which structural steel can be employed in the successful reuse of existing buildings. sistance to wind and seismic forces. Entries 4. Explain the benefits of utilizing structural steel based upon project costs, feasibility, and impact on construction schedule. 5. Describe the intangible and social benefits were judged on the amount of embodied of reuse projects made feasible by utilizing structural steel.

To receive AIA/CES credit, you are required energy reduced in the form of building mass, to read the entire article and pass the test. Go to ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text and to take the test for free. as well as on the overall performance of the AIA/CES #K1510H Photo courtesy of MKA integrated systems. “The competition was conceived to highlight the importance of addressing CONTINUING EDUCATION embodied energy in creating sustainable WITH ARCHITECTURAL IN-FILL-IN TEAM enclosures,” says Gary Higbee, AIA, direc- RECORD AND ARCHITECT Dimitrios Vitalis, Façade; Duc Ngo, Architecture; tor of industry development for the Steel The Steel and Ornamental Metal institutes Vicente Plaza González, Structure (Students of M.Sc. Institute of New York and editor of Metals in of New York continue their series of AIA MEET THE WINNER AND FINALISTS OF THE MAGAZINE’S Building Technology, TU Delft) Construction magazine. “Studies show that Continuing Education articles with 2017 DESIGN CHALLENGE XO SKELETON TEAM the amount of CO2 emissions embodied in EYP Architecture & Engineering: Jason Olsen AIA, producing construction materials accounts Architectural Record and Architect in 2016, Metals in Construction magazine has and Lead Designer, Principal; Rebecca Frink, Architecture; for more than 50 percent of the energy with topics ranging from responding to new a jury of architects and engineers has Tanner Halkyard, Architecture; Ivan O’Garro, consumed during a building’s lifetime. The energy goals with façade design to detailing announced the winner of its 2017 Design Architecture; James Newman, PE, High Performance goal of the design challenge is to explore structural steel buildings for optimized Challenge, a competition for architects, Design Team Leader; Eduardo Castro PE, Technical possibilities for reducing building mass, and performance. More topics are available engineers, students, designers, and others Director, Structural Engineering; Daniel Olsted PE, therefore embodied energy, by employing a onlineat continuingeducation.bnpmedia. from around the world to submit their vision Senior Structural Engineer, Principal; Mark Kanonik hybrid frame and skin structure.” com and architectmagazine.com via the for combatting global warming by reducing PE, Senior Structural Engineer; Cody Messier PE, The competition was inspired Continuing Ed tab. the embodied energy in their design for a Structural Engineer CHA: Phillip Sutter, Structural by President’s Climate Action Plan and high-rise building. Engineer; Renderers; Bluepost the Architecture 2030 Challenge. Meeting the UPCOMING EVENTS The winning entry, named Orbit Tower, is aggressive goals for energy reduction estab- Visit the Steel Institute of New York and the work of a team comprised of architects - lished by these programs will require innova- the Ornamental Metal Institute of New and engineers from ODA Architecture and tion in building design on a widespread scale. York at siny.org and ominy.org or on Werner Sobek New York. View full competi- some of the best known experts in sustain- With this in mind, architects commissioned to Facebook for the latest information on tion entries at www.metalsinconstruction.org. able design: Lise Anne Couture of Asymptote design sustainable buildings must remember Institute-sponsored events. Architecture; Michael D. Flynn, FAIA, of Pei ORBIT TOWER TEAM operation becomes, the greater the percent- Mark Bearak, Designer, ODA Architecture Thornton Tomasetti; Craig Schwitter, PE, age that embodied emissions account for in Heidi Theunissen, Designer, ODA Architecture of BuroHappold Engineering; and Marc the building’s overall energy consumption. Sonia Huang, Designer, ODA Architecture THE PEREGRINES TEAM Simmons, BArch, BES, of Front Inc. Patrice The 2016 competition was sponsored by Nofar Ashuri, Designer, ODA Architecture AECOM: Jason Vollen, High Performance Buildings; Derrington, PhD, of Columbia GSAPP and the Steel Institute of New York. Juan Roque-Urrutia, Director of Communications, Ross Wimer, Design; Rob Rothblatt, Design; Xiaofei CURE, moderated the jury’s deliberations. ODA Architecture Shen, High Performance Buildings; Aman Singhvi, High Bernhard Stocker, Project Director, ODA Architecture EMBOSS TOWER TEAM Performance Buildings; Annabell Ren, Design Eran Chen, Founder and Executive Director, ODA , Architecture; Mostafa Elmorsi, Architecture Jin Young Song, AIA, LEED (Assistant Professor, Structural Engineering; Ungelli Picardal, Structural Enrica Oliva, Director of Structures, Werner Sobek Dept. of Architecture | Project Architect); Donghun Engineering; Alastair Macgregor, High Performance New York Lee (PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civil, Structural and Buildings; Victoria Watson, High Performance Buildings; Michele Andaloro, Specialty Structures Engineer, Environmental Engineering | Structural Engineer) Amy Canova, Sustainability Werner Sobek New York Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP: Chung Yeon Won, AIA, LEED (Associate Director | Technical STRUCTURAL EXTERIOR ENCLOSURE TEAM The grand prize of $15,000 was awarded to Designer); Bonghwan Kim, PE, AIA, LEED (Associate HOK: John Neary, Senior Façade Specialist; Simon the Orbit Tower team at a half-day confer- Director | Structural Engineer); Keojin Jin (Designer); Shim, Senior Structural Engineer; Apoorv Goyal, ence at the TimesCenter in New York City on James Erickson, PhD, MSc (AA Dist.) Assoc. AIA, Sustainable Design Specialist; Zhenhuan Xu, Design February 24, 2017. The jury also recognized LEED ( Arizona State Univ. | Environmental Designer) Professional; Zifan Liu, Design Professional; Michael Correction: The Spring 2016 issue of Miller, Design Professional; Harsha Sharma, Design Metals in Construction should have entries: Professional; Mark Hendel, Senior Structural Engineer; credited Post Road Iron Works, Greenwich, CT as Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator and Erector for the National September 11 For more information about upcoming Institute-sponsored events, visit www.siny.org and www.ominy.org. Memorial Museum (page 27).

50 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 51 Lawrence Weiss, Chairman William Matre Herbert K. Koenig, Chairman Randall Ment A.J. McNulty & Co., Inc. Skanska Koch, Inc. Tower Installation LLC Ment Brothers I.W. Co. Inc. Maspeth, NY Carteret, NJ Windsor, CT New York, NY

Jake Bidosky Rich Lucas Peter Carriero Randy Rifelli Keystone Management RJL Consultants Inc. Post Road Iron Works United Iron, Inc. Association LLC Farmingdale, NY Greenwich, CT Mount Vernon, NY Mountainville, NY David Pisacrita Michael Haber Arthur Rubinstein Terry Flynn Metropolitan Walters, LLC W&W Glass Systems, Inc. Skyline Steel Corp. Tutor Perini Corporation New York, NY Nanuet, NJ Brooklyn, NY New Rochelle, NY Robert Samela Stephen Isaacson A.C. Associates SRI Consultants LLC Lyndhurst, NJ Califon, NJ

Wayne Thomas Kiewit Infrastructure Group

The labor to erect the structural steel on projects featured in this publication was provided by the The labor to erect the architectural and ornamental metals on projects featured in this publication following labor unions: was provided by the following labor union:

LOCAL UNION NO. 40 LOCAL UNION NO. 361 LOCAL UNION NO. 580 International Association of Bridge, Structural International Association of Architectural and Ornamental Ironworkers Ironworkers & Riggers Bridge, Structural Ironworkers & Riggers 501 West 451 Park Avenue South th Avenue New York, NY 10036 New York, NY 10016 Ozone Park, NY 11416 (718) 322-1016 Peter Myers Robert Walsh Matthew Chartrand Business Manager and Financial Business Manager and Business Manager and Secretary-Treasurer Financial Secretary-Treasurer Financial Secretary-Treasurer Michael Wenzel Daniel Doyle Anthony DeBlasie President President and Business Agent President and Business Agent Christopher Walsh Business Agent Recording Secretary and Business Agent Business Representative Kevin McKeon Business Agent LOCAL UNION NO. 14 LOCAL UNION NO. 15 & 15-D International Union of Operating Engineers International Union of Operating Engineers Thomas Milton 141-57 Northern Boulevard 44-40 11th Street Business Agent Flushing, NY 11354 Long Island City, NY 11101 Business Agent Edwin Christian Thomas Callahan President and Business Manager President and Business Manager

www.siny.org www.ominy.org Steel Institute of New York Ornamental Metal Institute of New York

The Steel and Ornamental Metal institutes of New York are not- • Seminars covering structural systems, economy of steel design, curtain wall systems, design, and use of alloys and surface of structural steel and architectural metals for your project by the structural steel and the architectural, ornamental, and miscel- treatments for miscellaneous iron work, and issues important laneous metal construction industries. They serve a geographical to the construction industry addressed to developers, architects, area encompassing New York City and the adjacent counties of engineers, construction managers, detailers, and fabricators 211 East 43rd Street, Suite 804 New York, NY 10017 aid architects, engineers, construction managers, and develop- • Representation before government bodies and agencies in ers in selecting structural systems and architectural metals for optimum building performance. Programs in which the institute is and the support of programs that will expand the volume of The institutes are a registered provider of the American institute of engaged include: building construction in the area Architects Continuing education system (AIA/CES).

• Consultations extending to the preparation of preliminary design • Granting of subsidies to architecture and engineering schools William Shuzman and construction cost analyses for alternative structural systems and funding of research programs related to the advancement Executive Director and growth of the industry Gary Higbee AIA Director of Industry Development and aluminum for architectural and ornamental ironwork, curtain • Publication of Metals in Construction, a magazine dedicated to wall systems, window walls, and metal windows and panels showcasing building projects in the New York area that feature innovative use of steel

52 Metals in Construction Spring 2017 PRSRT STD U.S. POSTAGE THE STEEL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK THE ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK PAID 211 EAST 43RD STREET, SUITE 804 NEW YORK NY 10017 PERMIT NO. 161 LANCASTER, PA

PUBLISHED BY THE STEEL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK AND THE ORNAMENTAL METAL INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK