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Part 2 STUDY FOR BRANTAS RIVER BASIN The Project for Assessing and Integrating Climate Change Impacts into the Water Resources Management Plans for Brantas and Musi River Basins Final Report (Water Resources Management Plan) Main Report CHAPTER 3 COLLECTION AND COMPILATION OF INFORMATION AND DATA 3.1 Natural Condition of the Project Area 3.1.1 Topography The Brantas River basin is the second largest river basin in Java Island. It is in East Java Province and lies between 110o30’ and 112o55’ eastern longitude and between 7o01’ and 8o15’southern latitude. The Brantas River stretches to about 320 km in length and has area of about 12,000 km2. The boundary and major river system within the basin are shown in the location map. The Brantas River basin is bounded by Mt. Bromo (EL. 2,392m)-Mt. Semeru (EL. 3,676m) in the east, a series of low Kidul ridges (EL. 300-500m) in the south, Mt. Willis (EL. 2,169m) and its families in the west and Kedung ridges and the Madura strait in the north. The Arjuno Mountain Complex consisting of Mt. Arjuno (EL. 3,339m), Mt. Butak (EL. 2,868m) and Mt. Kelud (EL.1,731m) are located in the center of the basin. 3.1.2 Meteorology and Hydrology (1) Present Meteorology The present climate in the basin is dominated by tropical monsoon. In a normal year, the rainy season is about six months long from November to April, and the dry season prevails from May to October. The yearly mean temperature in the basin ranges from 24.6 OC in Malang to 26.8 OC in Porong. The average annual rainfall over the basin is around 2,100 mm which is estimated from rainfall data of six PJT-I rainfall gauging stations. Variation of the annual rainfall is large; 2,250 mm in a water rich year and 1,850 mm in a drought year. The average annual rainfall in the high elevation areas is generally high around 3,000 through 4,000 mm especially in southern and western slopes of Mt. Kelud. The yearly mean relative humidity in the basin ranges from 74 % to 83 % depending on the location. (2) Future Meteorology under Climate Change Condition Expected meteorological data under climate change condition from 2046 to 2065 were obtained from the output of Component-1 prepared by the JICA Project Team 1 (Team 1). Based on these data, the JICA Project Team 2 (Team 2) summarizes the expected future meteorological condition. Under the climate change condition, the future yearly means temperature of the basin will increase to around 2.0 OC. The yearly mean temperature in the basin is estimated at 26.6 OC in Malang and 29.4 OC in Porong. In a normal year, the annual average rainfall over the basin is estimated to around 2,200mm, which is 100mm higher than the current observed average annual rainfall. Around 78% of annual rainfall will occur in the rainy season. Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. 3-1 December 2019 CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. The University of Tokyo The Project for Assessing and Integrating Climate Change Impacts into the Water Resources Management Plans for Brantas and Musi River Basins Final Report (Water Resources Management Plan) Main Report Variation of annual rainfall is estimated from 2,640 mm in a water rich year to 1,940 mm in a drought year. (3) Present Gauging Stations 1) Meteorological gauging Stations There are four meteorological gauging stations and they are operated and monitored by the Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation (PJT-I). Temperature, relative humidity, evapotranspiration, atmospheric pressure, sunshine hour and wind velocity at the gauging stations are measured on a daily basis. Table 3.1.1 shows the information of gauging stations. Table 3.1.1 Meteorological Gauging Stations in the Brantas River Basin Elevation Available Remarks No. Station Name Location (El.m) Data Period S 08o 09’ 20” Evapotranspiration is 1 Karangkates 285.0 2006 - 2011 E 112o 27’ 09” not measured. S 08o 08’ 36” 2005 - 2009, 2 Wlingi 173.8 E 101o 52’ 24” 2012 3 Wonorejo - - 2003-2012 S 07o 53’ 00” 2003 - 2005, 4 Selorejo 637.0 E 121o 21’ 00” 2007 - 2012 Source: PJT-I 2) Rainfall Gauging Stations There are forty eight (48) rainfall gauging stations including interrupted ones surrounding the Brantas River basin and they are managed by PJT-I. Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai (BBWS) Brantas owned and monitored rainfall in thirty-one (31) rainfall gauging stations and five climatology stations. The Irrigation Department of regency level (Dinas Pengairan Kota/Kabupaten: DINAS) has 359 rainfall gauging stations in/around the Brantas River basin. Figure 3.1.1 shows the list of rainfall gauging stations and recorded period that are owned by PJT-I. The location map of rainfall gauging stations owned by PJT-I is shown in Figure 3.1.2, and those owned by BBWS Brantas and DINAS are shown in Figure 3.1.3. 3) River Water Level Gauging Stations and Rating Curves between River Water Level and Discharge There are ten water level gauging stations, and they are managed by PJT-I. Figure 3.1.1 shows the water level gauging stations and recorded period. Figure 3.1.2 shows the location map of water level gauging stations. Rating curves of water level and discharge were established but these rating curves are not updated every year. Meanwhile, BBWS Brantas owned 21 water level gauging stations in the Brantas River basin. These gauging stations are placed in the tributaries of the Brantas River and no water level gauging station of BBWS Brantas is placed along the main stream of the Brantas River. (4) Tidal Water Level The Meteorological and Hydrological Agency (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika, “BMKG”) maritime meteorological station of Surabaya measures the tidal water level at a port located in Kenjeran in Surabaya City. The tidal water level is measured for maximum, and minimum on a daily basis. The maximum, average and minimum tidal water Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. 3-2 December 2019 CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. The University of Tokyo The Project for Assessing and Integrating Climate Change Impacts into the Water Resources Management Plans for Brantas and Musi River Basins Final Report (Water Resources Management Plan) Main Report level measured at Kenjeran from year 2006 to 2013 are shown in Table 3.1.2. Table 3.1.2 Tidal Level Measured at Kenjeran (Unit: cm) Maximum Average Minimum 2006 150.0 -6.4 -170.0 2007 150.0 -6.3 -170.0 2008 160.0 -5.0 -170.0 2009 150.0 -5.7 -170.0 2010 150.0 -5.5 -170.0 2011 160.0 -4.9 -170.0 2012 150.0 -4.5 -170.0 2013 150.0 -4.5 -180.0 Average 152.5 -5.4 -171.3 Source: BMKG According to the data provided by BMKG, the tidal water level varies from -180 cm to 160 cm as shown in Table 3.1.2. The daily fluctuation of sea water level is 320 cm at the maximum and 70 cm at the minimum, while the average of it is 199.8 cm. Rainfall Year Data Station Elevation Complete Data Station Name No. (El.m) Period Source 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (years) 0004 Sengguruh 296 21 PJT-1 0006 Sutami Dam 279 20 PJT-1 0009 Sumberagung 365 14 PJT-1 0013 Wlingi Dam 172 21 PJT-1 0014 Jeli 86 18 PJT-1 0015 Wates Kediri 175 21 PJT-1 0016 Wilis 805 17 PJT-1 0020 Selorejo 650 22 PJT-1 0022 Berbek 95 18 PJT-1 0023 Tampung 30 19 PJT-1 0024 Pagerwojo 420 17 PJT-1 1101 Batu 32 PJT-1 1107 Jabung 34 PJT-1 1108 Tampang 34 PJT-1 1401 Kepanjen 40 PJT-1 2102 Kediri 70 52 PJT-1 2104 Besuki 37 PJT-1 2207 Tapan 39 PJT-1 2217 Bendo 20 PJT-1 2220 Campur Darat 37 PJT-1 2225 Kampak 115 16 PJT-1 2313 Lodoyo 38 PJT-1 2410 Nganjuk 36 PJT-1 3113 Blimbing 30 PJT-1 3207 Pare 24 PJT-1 5001 Tangkil 395 53 PJT-1 5003 Poncokusumo 1,120 53 PJT-1 5009 Wagir 480 52 PJT-1 5014 Dampit 450 50 PJT-1 5021 Kayutangan 40 PJT-1 5103 Pujon 1,258 31 PJT-1 5105 Semen 625 48 PJT-1 5106 Doko 325 48 PJT-1 5112 Blitar 39 PJT-1 5116 Tunggorono 1,350 24 PJT-1 5120 Kedungrejo 13 PJT-1 5126 Birowo 195 52 PJT-1 5205 Jombang 33 PJT-1 5216 Wates Wlingi 1,125 47 PJT-1 5217 Kertosono 47 53 PJT-1 5311 Wates Sawahan 620 48 PJT-1 5407 Kalidawir 35 PJT-1 5418 Tugu 118 47 PJT-1 5501 Mojokerto 34 PJT-1 5510 Porong 33 PJT-1 9902 Waduk Pacal 102 21 PBS 9904 Sooko 445 20 PBS 9961 Tulung 92 9 PBS Remarks; : Data is complete : Data is imcomplete River Water Level Data Catchmen Year Station Complete Data Station Name t Area No. Period Source (km2) 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (years) - Gadang 0 PJT-1 - Tawangrejeni 0 PJT-1 -Jeli 1 PJT-1 -Kediri 1PJT-1 -Kertosono 2PJT-1 -Ploso 2 PJT-1 - Lengkong Widas 0PJT-1 -Porong 0PJT-1 -Perning 1 PJT-1 - Bendo 2 PJT-1 Remarks; : Data is complete : Data is imcomplete Source: JICA Project Team 2 Figure 3.1.1 Recorded Period of Daily Rainfall and Daily Water Level Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.
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  • Download Article (PDF)

    Download Article (PDF)

    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 164 International Conference on Learning Innovation (ICLI 2017) Reyog Bulkiyo as a Cultural Potential in The Natural Laboratory of Sounthern Slopes Of Kelud Volcano And its Use For Social Studies Learning Based on Environment Siti Malikhah Towaf, Sukamto Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Implementing integrated-contextual teaching and agriculture, fishery and livestock [3]. The majority of learning based on constructivistic theory is needed in Social population of the southern slopes of Kelud is Javanese people Studies Education. This study describes the importance of the who work as farmers. Although the southern slope of Kelud is Natural laboratory and its cultural potentials such as Reyog an area prone to disasters of both Kelud eruption and cold lava; Bulkiyo and how to use it in promoting an integrated contextual but based on the spreading map of the population of Blitar teaching and learning of Social Studies Education in Junior High Regency, the southern slope of Kelud inhabited by many School. A qualitative approach was used in this study. The peoples [4]. This is because people prefer to live close to the researchers carried out documentary studies, observations, agricultural land which facilitate their activities. interviews, open-ended questions, and focus group discussions. The data were analyzed inductively and comparatively. The Kelud is one of the active volcano found in East Java results show that the Natural Laboratory of the Faculty of Social Province. This volcano has recorded eruption as much as 33 Sciences as a new laboratory has a strategic role in promoting the times since 1000 BC to 2017 [5].
  • Biznet Receives Indonesia Most Innovative Business Award 2019

    Biznet Receives Indonesia Most Innovative Business Award 2019

    PRESS RELEASE Biznet Receives Indonesia Most Innovative Business Award 2019 Jakarta, Indonesia - 29th of July 2019 – Biznet continues to strengthen its position as the leading and innovative telecommunication and multimedia service provider in Indonesia, after the company recently received Indonesia Most Innovative Business Award 2019 held by Warta Ekonomi Magazine, as an Innovative Telecommunication and Multimedia Service Provide Company through The New Fiber Network, under Internet Service Provider Category. The award was given to Biznet at the awarding ceremony held on 26th of July 2019 at Balai Kartini, Jakarta, and Biznet was represented by Yudie Haryanto as the VP Marketing of Biznet and Adrianto Sulistyo as the Senior Manager Marketing of Biznet. “We are very delighted and proud to be able to receive the Indonesia Most Innovative Business Award 2019. We do hope that Biznet can continue to grow together with the people of Indonesia to create innovative products and services to provide the best telecommunication and multimedia services,” said Yudie Haryanto, VP Marketing after receiving the award. As a local company that has been around since 2000, Biznet has been growing significantly and available in more than 100 cities in Java, Bali, Sumatra and Batam. Supported by more than 2,600 employees in all Biznet offices throughout Indonesia, Biznet-owned high-tech Fiber Optic infrastructure has reached 32,000 KM in total. In line with the expansion, Biznet continues to stick to the commitment to develop new innovations, providing reliable telecommunication and multimedia services in more cities and islands in Indonesia, which has been proven by the on- going expansion and plans to be available in Bandar Lampung, Manado and Pontianak, to be followed by other cities this year.