Ye Chiu Metal

September 2005, No. 7

Recycling: the invaluable social dimension Recovering stainless steel from slag

TheThe stellarstellar riserise ofof CapricornCapricorn StainlessStainless

VIEWPOINT

A farmer’s philosophy is a monthly business magazine for Jonathan Gilles was a farmer, although he would rather the international recycling industry and is published 10 times a year. have been a philosopher. Descended from a family that had been working the land since the days Mankind had stopped Address P.O. Box 2098 hunting woolly mammoths, it was assumed by everyone that 6802 CB Arnhem he would follow the same profession. But although he felt that The Netherlands he had had no choice but to become a farmer, Jonathan had Delivery Address Jacob Marislaan 30 read many books on philosophy in his few moments of spare time and was particularly 6813 JV Arnhem interested in the philosophy of the English language. But, of course, the farm had to The Netherlands continue to produce produce. Phone +31 26 3120 994 Fax +31 26 3120 630 e-mail: [email protected] One Sunday morning, Jonathan’s wife Geraldine burger? And why is there no hint of apple or pine in Website: www.recyclinginternational.com said: ‘We must polish the Polish furniture. It’s get- a pineapple?’

Publisher & Editor ting tarnished.’ Having learned through the years Pecking at his food, Jonathan’s thoughts wan- Manfred Beck never to contradict her, he put down the latest copy dered off down other side-roads of the English lan- [email protected] of ‘Farmer & Philosophy Review’ and went to the guage. ‘In what other language do people recite at a Magazine Administrator barn to get the polish and a soft cloth. Returning to play and play at a recital? Why is it that writers Helga Fresen the house, he did not see the lawnmower in the write, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce and [email protected] semi-darkness and his shin came into violent con- hammers don’t ham? It is one goose and two geese, Editorial consultant Ian Martin tact with the knife blades. Blood gushed from his so why not one moose and two meese? If the plural [email protected] leg and made its way like a little river across the of tooth is teeth, why isn’t the plural of booth beeth?

Contributing editors barn floor. And if teachers taught, why didn’t preachers Alfred Nijkerk He fought the pain and staggered into the house. praught? If you have a bunch of odds and ends and [email protected] When his wife saw the blood-soaked leg, she went get rid of all but one of them, what do you call it? Is Pauline Meijwaard [email protected] straight for the first aid kit. She helped him into it an odd, or an end? Doesn’t it seem crazy that you

Contributing editor/Consultant technology the front room, sat him down in a chair, and then can make amends but not one amend. You can ship Prof. Ir. Wijnand Dalmijn, Technical cleaned and bandaged the wound. When she had by truck and send cargo by ship, and you can also University of Delft, The Netherlands finished, Jonathan looked down at his leg and saw have noses that run and feet that smell? How can a Contributing to this issue that the bandage was wound around the wound. slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a Poonam Hudar, Ian Martin, Alfred Nijkerk, Voermans van Bree The trouble was that he knew his insurance would wise man and a wise guy are opposites?’ Photographers not pay because it was invalid for the invalid. Another thought thrust itself upon him. ‘English

Art Direction With his leg on a stool which his wife had taken was invented by people, not computers, and it Inpladi Lay Out Studio from the bedroom, Jonathan watched the news on reflects the creativity of the human race, which, of Printing Company TV for a while. He listened to a story about a soldier course, is not a race at all. You have to marvel at the vanGrinsven drukkers Venlo bv who had decided to desert his dessert in the desert, unique lunacy of a language in which your house Advertising Sales and a report about a landfill site being so full that it can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a Jan Willem Ypma Phone: +31 343 517 488 was having to refuse refuse. form by filling it out, and in which an alarm goes off Fax: +31 343 510 253 At noon, Geraldine came in with his lunch which by going on. That is why, when the stars are out, E-mail: [email protected] she put on the side table next to his armchair. they are visible, but when the lights are out, they Subscriptions Although Jonathan did not particularly fancy the are invisible. € Subsciption rate: 149 a year chair, he did not object to the object. Without saying Jonathan, the farmer/philosopher, started to doze (excl. V.A.T.) a word, she disappeared again into the kitchen. off. However, just before he sank into a well- ISSN 1387-8700 Jonathan looked at his midday meal and was horri- deserved sleep, a final few puzzles formed in his fied by the sight of the vegetarian salad prepared mind: ‘Why does quicksand work slowly? Why are Copyright 2005 for him. ‘If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does boxing rings square? And how come a guinea pig is All rights reserved. No part of this a humanitarian eat?’ he thought to himself. ‘Why neither from Guinea nor is it a pig?’ publication may be reproduced or is there no egg in an egg-plant or ham in a ham- transmitted by any means without written permission of the publisher. Manfred Beck Member of Editor

BIR

IN THIS ISSUE

Recycling: the invaluable social dimension 22 September 2005, No. 7 As is well known, recycling offers a source of raw materials while at the same time conserving natural resources. But the beneficial impact of recycling extends much wider: for example, collection of recy-

Recycling: clables has a huge social dimension in many develop- the invaluable social dimension Recovering stainless ing countries, helping people to earn a living wage steel from slag and giving them a tremendous sense of worth. This feature provides two examples - from India and The stellar rise South Africa - of how recycling is changing lives. 18 of Capricorn Stainless

Ye Chiu Metal - a rising star of the ingot world 26 The stellar rise Founded in 1984, Ye Chiu has quickly become one of South East Asia’s largest producers of aluminium of Capricorn alloy ingots. At its production facilities in Malaysia and China, the company produces a total of 27 000 Stainless tonnes of aluminium alloy ingots and more than 3000 tonnes of zinc ingots every month, sourcing its scrap Netherlands-based Capricorn Stainless feed from around the globe. Recycling International was formed only eight years ago but is pays a visit to the company’s plant at Taicang, near Shanghai, in China. already one of the world’s top three

traders/processors of raw materials used

S3R - recovering stainless steel from slag 30 by the stainless steel industry, with a cus- Stainless steel producers’ residual slag contains a tomer list featuring major global producers. high proportion of valuable metal, recovered most commonly via a wet grinding/screening process. The company currently handles around 36 000 However, Dutch company S3R has now developed the tonnes per month of raw materials used by revolutionary ‘RecCo-Marilyn’ dry scrap recovery process for this purpose. ‘It’s basically a simple tech- stainless steel mills. Over the years, Capricorn nology using the latest screening and sensor tech- has developed a strong presence in both Western nologies. A unique feature is that it can also be used for recovery of ferro alloys such as ferro-chrome and and Eastern Europe, as well as in South Africa. ferro-manganese,’ says Ir Jan A. Groothoff, s3R’s Managing Director. More recently, the company has underlined its commitment to the important South East Asian market

DRI production achieves new record in 2004 33 by establishing offices in South Korea and China. In

Global production of direct reduced iron (DRI) grew this article, Recycling International investigates the by over 10% in 2004, with the total output of 54.6 million tonnes representing an increase of more than 5 company’s rapid rise and its latest expansion initia- million tonnes over 2003. As in the previous two tives. years, the primary source of growth was increased capacity utilisation among existing plants. The strong growth in DRI production in India has been In this issue truly remarkable - from less than 5.6 million tonnes in 2001 to nearly 9.4 million tonnes in 2004. Other Viewpoint 3 countries recording major increases in production Events Calendar 6 included Venezuela, Iran and Canada. News 8 Product news 13 Magazine Round Up 16 In the next issue 50

Markets Analysis Ferrous scrap 34 Stainless steel scrap 38 Non-ferrous scrap 40 Recovered paper 44 Textile 47 EVENTS CALENDAR

24-25 October Milan (Italy) 24-25 October Milan (Italy) Events BIR Autumn Convention BIR Autumn Round-Table and Trading Sessions Bureau of International 2005 Recycling The Autumn gathering of the BIR world recycling organisation will 21-22 September Brussels Phone: +32 2 627 5770 take place at the Milan Marriott Hotel. BIR expects to welcome some- (Belgium) Fax: +32 2 627 5773 thing in the region of 650 delegates. Electrical and Electronic Waste 2005 E-mail: [email protected] SCHEDULE OF MEETINGS WEEE 2005 Website: www.bir.org Phone: +44 1892 511 807 Sunday 23 October Fax: +44 1892 544 895 25-26 October Sheffield (UK) 14.00-18.00 Registration desk open E-mail: LARAC Conference 2005 [email protected] EMAP Conferences Monday 24 October Website: www.agra-net.com Phone: +44 845 056 5626 09.30 - Paper Round-Table Fax: +44 20 7505 6001 11.30 - Plastics Round-Table 3-5 October Brussels (Belgium) E-mail: 13.00 - Paper, Plastics, Non-Ferrous and Stainless Steel Luncheon European Paper Recycling [email protected] 14.30 - Non-Ferrous Round-Table Conference 16.30 - Stainless Steel and Special Alloys Round-Table GIE Media 26-29 October Rimini (Italy) 19.00 - Welcome Reception at the Palazzo Reale Phone: +1 216 961 4130 Ecomondo 2005 Fax: +1 216 961 0364 International trade fair on Tuesday 25 October E-mail: material & energy recovery 09.30 - Ferrous and Shredders Round-Table [email protected] and sustainable development 11.30 - International Environment Council Website: Phone: +39 0541 744 492 13.00 - Ferrous, Tyres and Textiles Luncheon www.recyclingtoday.com Fax: +39 0541 744 475 14.30 - Tyres Round-Table E-mail: [email protected] 14.30 - Media & Metal Separation Committee 3-7 Octobe S. Margherita di Pula Website: www.ecomondo.com 16.00 - Textiles Round-Table (Italy) 27-28 October Orlando (USA) Sardinia 2005 E-Scrap 2005 For more information, contact the BIR secretariat in Brussels, 10th international waste man- The North American Electronics Phone: +32 2 627 5770, Fax: +32 2 627 5773, E-mail: [email protected], agement and landfill symposium Recycling Conference Website: www.bir.org EuroWaste Resource Recycling Phone: +39 049 872 6986 Magazine 29 November-2 December 14-15 February Orlando (USA) Fax: +39 049 872 6987 Phone: +1 503 233 1305 Paris (France) Plastics Recycling 2006 Conference E-mail: E-mail: sarah@resource- Pollutec 2005 Resource Recycling [email protected] recycling.com Reed Exhibitions France Magazine Website: Fax: +44 1 4756 2120 Phone: +1 503 233 1305 www.sardiniasymposium.it 8-11 November Shanghai (China) E-mail: E-mail: sarah@resource- World Recycling Shanghai 2005 [email protected] recycling.com 11-14 October Budapest (Hungary) International conference & Website: www.pollutec.com Ökotech exhibition on cars, 15-17 March Amsterdam th 5 international trade fair for electronics & battery recycling 7-8 December Bremen (Germany) (The Netherlands) environmental protection and ICM Waste to energy 6th international automobile municipal technology Phone: +41 62 785 1000 International exhibition & recycling congress Hungexpo Fax: +41 62 785 1005 conference for energy from ICM Phone: +36 1 263 6443 E-mail: [email protected] waste and biomass Phone: +41 62 785 1000 Fax: +36 1 263 8086 Website: www.icm.ch HVG Fax: +41 62 785 1005 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 421 35050 E-mail: [email protected] Website: 17-18 November Mexico City Fax: +49 421 3505 340 Website: www.icm.ch www.okotech.hungexpo.hu (Mexico) E-mail: INARE 2005 [email protected] 28-30 March Moscow (Russia) 20-22 October London (UK) International Recycling Congress Focus on Aluminium Recycling Foundry International London 2005 E-mail: [email protected] Third international conference Exhibition 22-23 November London Gatwick (UK) 2006 and exhibition on aluminium Modern Media Designing and Recycling Electrical 18-20 January Hamburg (Germany) recycling Communications and Electronic Equipment 2005 5th international electronics Alusil Phone: +44 1273 453 033 ERA Technology recycling congress Phone: +7 095 784 7630 Fax: +44 1273 453 085 Phone: + 44 1372 367 152 ICM Fax: +7 095 785 2005 E-mail: johnclarke@ Fax: +44 1372 367 009 Phone: +41 62 785 1000 E-mail: [email protected] mmcpublications.co.uk E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 62 785 1005 Website: www.alusil.net E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.icm.ch

Recycling International • September 2005 6 Recovery of valuable materials BHS Recycling Technolgy Introducing the world’s best handheld XRF analyzers for versatile, economic, efficient identifying and sorting alloys. The recycling equipment manufactured by BHS is ideal for shredding, size reduction and disaggregation of composite materials as well as for the compaction of metals. The two BHS machines, Rotorshredder RS and Rotor Impact Mill RPMV, accomplish a targeted treatment of the raw materials without using any cutting tools. This unique technique operates continuously and it is economic, efficient and versatile. Moreover, high maintenance costs are avoided.

The new Innov-X Alpha Series: • Simple and easy to use. • Gives right answers right on the spot. • Plastics/environmental compliance – RoHS/WEEE. •Versatile PDA platform. Example: To find out more, Processing plant for WEEE contact Innov-X today.

The BHS recycling machines are suitable for processing of: • electric and electronic scrap • shredder light fractions • shredder heavy fractions TM • and other composite materials

Innovative XRF Technologies You obtain marketable secondary metals of high purity and - at the same time - you optimize your recycling rates. Innov-X Systems European Headquarters BHS - Benefit from our decades of experience in the field Helftheuvelpassage 20 of crushing technology. 5224 ‘s-Hertogenbosch The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0)73 62 72 590 Fax: +31 (0)73 62 72 599 www.Innov-Xsys.com BHS-Sonthofen GmbH Innov-X Systems, Inc., Worldwide Headquarters, USA Hans-Böckler-Str. 7 ©2005 Innov-X Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. D-87527 Sonthofen / Germany Phone +49 83 21 8 02-200 Fax +49 83 21 8 02-220 [email protected] www.bhs-sonthofen.de NEWS

Two-fold increase in UK plastic bottle recycling According to research funded by than for landfilling or for other dispos- the UK’s Waste & Resources Action al routes. This demonstrates that Programme (WRAP) and carried out plastic bottle recycling can be carried by Recoup (Recycling of Used out cost effectively in well-designed Plastics), there has been a 100% schemes, it has been suggested. increase in the country’s plastic bottle Based on current local authority recycling over the past two years. The declarations, annual collections of UK Plastic Bottle Recycling Survey plastic bottles are predicted to reach 2005 includes data submitted by all 65 703 tonnes by 2007. It has been 477 local authorities and represents estimated that plastic bottle recy- World Recycling: the most detailed source of informa- cling within kerbside collections will tion to date on UK household plastic extend to 10.9 million households Shanghai 2005 bottle collection performance. during 2006; this means 44% of all The report reveals that collections UK households will be able to recy- From November 8 to 11 this year, * latest developments within the are now reaping 48 397 tonnes of cle plastic bottles on their doorstep. Swiss congress organiser ICM is recycling industry; plastic bottles on an annual basis - In addition, 5000 bring sites are staging its first international confer- * best available technologies, plants equal to 10.5% of bottles in the expected to be operational by the ence and exhibition on car, electron- and processes; household waste stream and double end of next year. ics and battery recycling at the Hotel * collection and take-back pro- the quantity collected in 2003. The full survey is available from Shangri-La in Shanghai, China. grammes; Around two thirds are collected the WRAP and Recoup websites: During the three-day event, leading * new laws and regulations. through residential kerbside pro- www.wrap.org.uk and experts from the recycling chain - grammes and the remainder www.recoup.org including manufacturers, collectors, For further information, contact: through other methods. recyclers, steelmakers, legislators ICM AG, International Congress & Among the key findings of the and policy-makers from around the Marketing, Birrwil, Switzerland, research, it emerged that 73% of all world - will meet to discuss, among English contact: Jeanette Duttlinger/ UK local authorities now offer collec- other issues: Chinese contact: Ying Liu, tion facilities for plastic bottles. Some * car, electronics and battery man- Phone: +41 62 785 10 00, 348 local authority recycling manufacturers’ activities relating to E-mail: [email protected], agers confirmed the existence of plas- recycling; Website: www.icm.ch tic bottle collection facilities within their council area, with the number of plastic bottle collection schemes hav- Sold! ing increased by 18%. A total of 53 of the local authorities responding to the * Steinert survey indicated that there was little US metals recycler Metal Management is to install new Steinert sorting or no extra cost involved in collecting machines - eight eddy current systems and two MTE drum magnets - at its plastic bottles for recycling rather auto shredder facilities in Denver, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Tucson, Chicago and Nashville. The decision to use Steinert equipment, according to General Manager - Shredders Jim Mosebach, was based on the ‘total commitment from Steinert US and Steinert GmbH in Germany to support the state-of-the-art separation technology equipment currently proving itself in dozens of shredder facilities in North America’. www.SteinertUS.com

* Riverside Engineering Riverside Engineering Inc. of San Antonio, Texas, USA, has sold two patent-pending Riverside ‘Revolution’ rotors - both 80-104 rotor assemblies that replace existing disc rotor assemblies. The ‘Revolution’ rotor is a four-hammer pin rotor assembly that is said to offer the combined benefits of a disc and spider rotor design. The rotor uses a cast alloy disc with increased weight and more surface area, thereby increasing rotating inertia and rotor life. The ‘Revolution’ rotor is available to fit all sizes of shredders. www.rsengr.com

Recycling International • September 2005 8 NEWS

Ben Sacco’s IMO to develop new ship Joke of the Month recycling legislation The Marine Environment Choked Protection Committee (MEPC) of the A very timid little man ventured into a Hell’s Angels bar in New International Maritime Organisation York and, clearing his throat, asked: ‘Um, err, which of you gentlemen (IMO) has called for an instrument to owns the Dobermann tied to the parking meter outside?’ provide legally-binding and globally- A giant of a man in biker’s leathers with body hair forcing its way out applicable regulations covering inter- through the seams turned slowly on his stool, looked down at the quiv- national shipping and recycling facil- ering little man and said: ‘It’s my dog. Why?’ ities. ‘Well,’ squeaked the little man, obviously very nervous, ‘I believe my An MEPC meeting in July dog just killed it, sir.’ approved a draft resolution setting ‘What?’ roared the big man in disbelief. ‘What in hell kind of dog do out the organisation’s commitment to you have?’ develop this new IMO ship recycling ‘Sir,’ answered the little man, ‘it’s a four-week old puppy.’ instrument which, the committee ‘Bull!’ roared the biker. ‘How could your puppy kill my Dobermann?’ agreed, should include regulations for ‘It appears that your dog choked on him, sir.’ the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships so as to facil- Sponsored by itate safe and environmentally sound • Sierra International • Sierra Europe recycling. However, it was under- Machinery, Inc. Recycling lined that the proposed regulations www.sierra.intl.com www.sierraeurope.com should not compromise: the safety and operational efficiency of ships; the operation of ship recycling facili- MEPC further agreed that the ties in a safe and environmentally instrument should be completed in Problems with WEEE sound manner; and the establish- time for its consideration and adop- ment of an appropriate enforcement tion in the period 2008 to 2009. Directive implementation mechanism for ship recycling (certi- For more information: fication/reporting requirements). http://www.imo.org/home.asp The EU Directive on Waste within the business community about Electrical and Electronic Equipment meeting the deadline. (the WEEE Directive) officially came Jeff Cooper, the Environment into force on August 13. From that Agency’s Manager for Waste Call for papers date, the EU’s electronic and electri- Producer Responsibility, comments: 6th International Automobile Recycling Congress cal equipment producers have been ‘The Environment Agency will work financially responsible for the collec- closely with government depart- wide recycling activities; and new tion, treatment and disposal of their ments and the devolved administra- plants and recycling technologies. A end-of-life products. tions to implement the forthcoming special session will cover the topic: The WEEE Directive aims to WEEE regulations. We expect to be Carbon trade – should recyclers get address the environmental impact of able to announce arrangements for CO2 credits? In the afternoon of electrical and electronic equipment the registration of producers in the Friday March 11, optional tours to a and to promote its separate collec- early autumn, with registration shredder plant, tyre recycling plant, tion when it becomes waste. WEEE starting in January 2006.’ Swiss recycling event organiser dismantling facility or a blast fur- is a priority for the EU because of The UK is one of four EU member ICM will stage the sixth International nace have been scheduled. growing volumes in the municipal states yet to transpose the text of the Automobile Recycling Congress ICM is still looking to attract waste stream and potential hazards WEEE Directive into national law, (IARC 2005) on March 9-11 next year speeches for the congress. If you are following disposal. the European Commission revealed in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The interested in making a presentation However, regulators and business- last week. The others are Malta, congress will bring together the vari- at the IARC, you are invited to send es are still struggling with the direc- France and Poland. ous links in the end-of-life vehicle an abstract of around 400 words con- tive, it has been suggested. Notably, (ELV) recycling chain - recyclers, leg- taining the title and an outline of the the UK is putting back the date from islators, car manufacturers, shredder content of your speech to: which collection and recycling of operators and policy-makers - from International Congress & scrap electronics will be the respon- around the world. Marketing (ICM), Mrs Jeanette sibility of manufacturers and retail- Sessions will focus on: the impact Duttlinger, Birrwil, Switzerland, ers from January 2006 to June 2006. of China on world ELV recycling Phone +41 62 785 10 00, The government decided to postpone markets, how car manufacturers Fax +41 62 785 10 05, implementation to allow more prepa- and the industry close the recycling E-mail: [email protected] ration time amid continuing concerns loop; country reports covering world- www.icm.ch

Recycling International • September 2005 9

NEWS

Ametek acquires Business News Spectro * NITON Thermo Electron Corporation’s family of NITON X-ray Fluorescence Germany-based Spectro Analytical sis of liquids, thereby opening up (XRF) analysers has been awarded a Gold IDEA (Industrial Design Instruments, a leading provider of new measurement opportunities for Excellence Award) in the Medical & Scientific Products category. The IDEA optical emission and XRF spectrome- Ametek, particularly in the field of awards are dedicated to fostering business and public understanding of the ters, has been acquired by US compa- environmental testing. In addition, importance of industrial design excellence to quality of life and the economy. ny Ametek, a global manufacturer of Spectro’s ED-XRF-based products NITON XRF analysers are used worldwide for a variety of non-destructive electronic instruments and electric complement those manufactured by testing applications including RoHS and WEEE compliance, metal alloy motors. Spectro, which has annual Ametek’s EDAX business, enabling sorting, positive material inspection and precious metals analysis. sales of approximately € 85 million it to supply a broader range of prod- www.niton.com (US$ 104 million), was bought from ucts to this attractive market. an investor group led by German www.spectro.com * Granutech-Saturn Equity Partners for approximately € Granutech-Saturn Systems of Grand Prairie, Texas, USA, has 80 million (US$ 98 million). appointed René Slangen of Netherlands-based Total Recycling Solutions Spectro has delivered more than (TRS) as its sales representative for much of Europe. TRS will represent 22 000 instruments to customers Granutech-Saturn Systems throughout Europe with the exception of the throughout the world and specialis- UK, Ireland and the Scandinavian region. es in advanced products backed by a Granutech-Saturn Systems manufactures size reduction and process- strong support infrastructure. A ing equipment and systems for use in a range of applications including market leader in metal analysers the processing of plastics, scrap tyres/rubber, solid waste, hazardous using arc/spark optical emission waste, in-plant waste, and also ferrous and non-ferrous metals. spectrometry, Spectro’s inductively www.granutech.com and www.recyclingsolutions.info/nl coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometers permit the analy- No EU packaging waste mountain in view

Packaging use is growing by less 44%. Slow-starting countries have than 1% per annum while EU mem- made impressive progress since 1998 ber states appear to be on track to whereas the performance of high- achieve the 2008 Packaging and achieving countries has levelled out Packaging Waste Directive targets, over the same period, resulting in a according to an ASSURRE analysis narrowing of the gap between the of official packaging and packaging highest and the lowest recyclers from waste statistics from 2002. 52% in 1998 to 30% in 2002. ASSURRE’s latest report covers Since 1998, the volumes of waste recovery and recycling rates in 12 recovered (+21%) and of material member states which have to com- recycled (+20%) have both grown ply with the 2008 deadlines of the faster than packaging use. These pos- Packaging and Packaging Waste itive developments have meant reduc- Directive, as well as key perfor- ing reliance on landfill across the 12 mance trends for the period 1998- states - from 45% of packaging put on 2002. While changing lifestyles, the market in 1998 to 37% in 2002. increases in single person house- ‘This is a striking example of where holds and a growing, more mobile producers, local authorities and the population are influencing consump- waste management industry are real- tion patterns, and therefore packag- ly delivering against the objectives of ing use, growth in packaging put the Directive and have succeeded in into the marketplace was below 1% decoupling the environmental impact per annum in the period 2000-2002. of waste from economic growth and The results of the analysis show product use,’ observes ASSURRE’s that, as an average, the 12 member Managing Director Bill Duncan. states are achieving the 2008 overall For a copy of the full report, go to: recycling target of 55%, with the UK http://www.assurre.org/news.aspx and Spain bringing up the rear on ?ID=624

Recycling International • September 2005 11 6th International Automobile Recycling Congress March 15 – 17, 2006 Amsterdam, Netherlands Call for papers

From 15 – 17 March 2006 the leading experts in the field of automobile recycling will meet in Amsterdam and discuss about:

– The consequences of the China impact – Keynote Speakers from authorities and industry – Worldwide country reports on recycling activities – How do car manufacturers and the industry close the recycling loop? – New plants and recycling technologies – How to reach the 85% recycling target in 2007?

– Carbon trade – should recyclers get CO2 credits?

The organisers have launched a call for papers and invite interested authors to submit their proposal before the end of September 2005.

For further information, please contact: ICM AG, International Congress& Marketing Schwaderhof 524, 5708 Birrwil, Switzerland Phone: +41 62 785 10 00, Fax: +41 62 785 10 05 [email protected], www.icm.ch PRODUCT NEWS

Niton’s XLt 800 SY alloy analyser

Niton, the US producer of portable known source of problems in nuclear vention when inspecting for FAC to more than eight hours. Little or no X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology, and fossil-fuel power plants, FAC is monitor closely the trace alloy con- sample preparation is needed while has hailed its new XLt 800 SY alloy the process by which carbon steel tent; by identifying components and data provision is instantaneous. analyser as ‘a breakthrough in trace piping and components degrade in piping containing sufficient chromi- element analysis in alloys’. the presence of flowing water or um levels, a more efficient FAC in- Niton LLC, Billerica, The device features improved, steam water with low dissolved oxy- spection protocol can be developed as Massachussetts, USA, targeted X-ray tube excitation com- gen: as the water flows against the these components require less fre- Phone: +1 978-670-7460, bined with a newly-developed Super carbon steel, the stable surface oxide quent inspection. The composition E-mail: [email protected] PiN detector - considerably improv- layer (typically Fe3O4) is dissolved data are also entered into the Niton Europe, Munich, ing minimum detectable limits for into the flowing stream, thereby CHECKWORKS software program Germany, Phone +49 89 3681 380, chromium, copper, nickel, molybde- thinning the pipe walls over time to improve the facility’s FAC data E-mail: europe@niton num and other trace elements in al- and leading to catastrophic failure model. www.niton.com loy materials. due to rupturing. Research has According to Niton, the new XLt These new capabilities now enable shown that trace amounts of alloying 800 SY features exceptional repeata- portable XRF to be used as part of elements - particularly chromium - bility and accuracy for chromium in the FAC (Flow Accelerated Corro- greatly reduce the rate of FAC. As a carbon steels in the range of 0.02% to sion) inspection protocol. A well- result, it has become industry con- 0.1%, making it an ideal complement to the standard FAC inspection protocol, according to Niton. Requiring no CentriCut 44 PET bottle granulator technical expertise to operate, the device weighs approximately 3.0 lb (1.4 Nuga, the Swiss manufacturer of eliminates the tendency of light- kg) and operates on battery power for granulators and accessories for weight PET bottles to ‘dance’ on the granulating plastics, has developed rotor or the ejection of partially-shred- a new series of the CentriCut 44 ded material which occurs with con- Caterpillar’s 904B Wheel Loader which is specifically designed to ventional granulators. grind PET bottles. The rotor and stator blades can be Auxiliary hydraulic flow of 22 During the process, bottles are di- rapidly replaced; no adjustment of gpm (83 lpm) enables the loader to rected into the CentriCut granulator the gap between cutters is required operate productively with hydro-me- by way of a conveyor belt. These can as blade clearance is constant over chanical work tools such as tillers, comprise: whole bottles in bulk; bot- the entire length if one excludes ad- trenchers, snow-blowers and cold tles released from bales in perforated, justment errors. planers. The auxiliary hydraulic cir- compressed form; or individual bri- The bottles are reduced to a flake cuit is fitted as standard and is posi- quettes. Via a horizontally arranged material which is rapidly extracted tioned so as to help avoid damage. screw conveyor, material is forced axi- through the large, non-rust screen The Z-bar linkage gives the 904B ally on to the rotor from inside; the ro- surrounding the cutting chamber by The new Caterpillar 904B Com- excellent digging capability while tor is open, with three or five rows of means of a powerful, integrated vac- pact Wheel Loader offers the versa- breakout force is 8010 lb (35.6 Kn), rotor blades around the circumfer- uum extraction system. tility of a skid-steer loader and the according to the manufacturer. The ence. The centrifugal force generated With its drive power of 30-55 kW, power, comfort and fuel economy of a linkage, bodywork and cab design by the turning rotor throws the mate- the throughput capacity of the Cen- wheel loader, according to the manu- afford the operator a full view of the rial through the open rotor onto the triCut 44 is 1000-2000 kg per hour facturer. The 904B features a skid- work area, with the short back-end granulator compartment wall consist- depending on the condition of the steer loader quick-coupler, high-flow providing a clear view to the rear of ing of a screen and stator blades, PET bottles as well as the size of the hydraulics and powerful Z-bar link- the machine. Large, floor-length which surrounds the fully-enclosed rotor and the screens. According to age. The compact unit has a height windows and a compact dash pro- granulating compartment. Here, ma- Nuga, a rotor diameter of 440 mm of only 7 feet 10 inches (2.4 metres) vide a clear line of sight to the work terial is ground between the rotor and and a depth of 270 or 480 mm provide and uses a bucket less than 6 feet tool. The joystick implement control stator blades into cleanly-cut, almost for an exceptionally compact design. (1.8 metres) wide. uses low-effort pilot hydraulics while dust-free granulate. This approach Weighing around 2.5 tonnes, the ma- The new loader replaces the Cat the moulded-in forward/neutral/re- chine features a housing 902 and offers 52 net horsepower (39 verse switch is intuitive to use. The mounted on castors for kW) - equivalent to some 15% more auxiliary circuit uses a proportional mobility and flexibility. power than the previous model. Op- electro-hydraulic system for precise erating weight is 9810 pounds (4450 control. Nuga AG, Balgach, kg) while standard bucket capacity Switzerland, Phone: is 0.78 cubic yards (0.60 cubic me- Caterpillar Information Centre, +41 71 720 00 40, tres). The 904B can use a mechani- Bracknell, UK, Fax: +41 71 720 00 45, cal or hydraulic quick-coupler to Phone +44 7000 222 846, E-mail: handle a wide range of Caterpillar Fax +44 1344 488 045, [email protected] skid-steer loader work tools as well E-mail: [email protected] www.centricut.ch as compact wheel loader work tools. www.caterpillar.com

Recycling International • September 2005 13 Make the wright choice and do it the wright way

PN2700 Baler Depollution Systems Super Stripper 170

T-REX 500 Demolition Shears Reel splitter

• CABLE STRIPPERS • MOBILE OR STATIC SHEAR BALERS • ELV STATIONS • SPARES AND SERVICE BACK UP • USED MACHINERY BOUGHT AND SOLD

CONTACT GRAHAM +44 (0)7966 027038 OR OUR OFFICE +44 (0)1943 875104 WRIGHT ENGINEERS MACHINERY NETHERMOOR WORKS • OTLEY ROAD • GUISELEY • LEEDS LS20 8BT • UNITED KINGDOM TEL: +44 (0)1943 875104 • FAX: +44 (0)1943 870961 [email protected] • www.wrightengineers.info PRODUCT NEWS

Third generation Spectrotest

Spectro of Kleve in Germany has unveiled the third generation of its Spectrotest mobile metal analyser which, says the company, is faster, more accurate and more flexible.

Spectro’s new mobile analyser of- readout system, which is a duplicate fers higher measurement accuracy of that used in our stationary labora- for arc excitation analyses via its tory instruments. Together with the new “fingerprint” method, the man- proven optic, covering the entire rel- ufacturer claims. Analysis has been evant wavelength range, it makes improved thanks to a new readout an unbeatable team. These advances system, a proven special optic and have markedly improved the accura- its ICAL logic system. Several new cy and reduced the duration of an technologies and applications have analysis.’ been added to this latest version of the Spectrotest to create a flexible Fingerprint method instrument for all types of on-site When analysing via arc excita- The new Spectrotest offers higher measurement accuracy for arc excitation analyses via its new metal identification and metal tion, the third generation Spec- “fingerprint” method. analysis, according to Spectro. ‘It trotest uses the “fingerprint” method was our goal to make the classic which is based on the ICAL logic sys- adopts the now-familiar automatic trotest mobile metal analyser was in- Spectrotest more precise and quick- tem. At the beginning of the mea- program finding (APF Plus) route. troduced in 1979. At that time, the er,’ explains the company’s Product surement process, the measured At the beginning of the analysis instrument set new standards for on- Manager for mobile metal analysers spectrum is compared with spectra process, APF Plus determines the site metals analysis and even earned Marcus Freit. ‘To do this, we stored for reference samples. The basic contents of the sample and an entry in specialist analytical ref- equipped the instrument with a new comparison can be selected for the then automatically sets the Spec- erence books. The second generation iron, aluminium, copper, nickel, trotest to the most suitable analyti- of the Spectrotest was developed in cobalt and titanium matrices. Using cal program. 2002 and reflected the technological this automatically selected reference developments of the previous 23 method, extremely exact measure- Improvement in detail years; the newer models were much ment parameters are available to Many details on the third genera- lighter and more manoeuvrable than the Spectrotest for the duration Spectrotest have been im- their predecessors. More than 500 tion of the measure- proved, according to the manufac- second generation Spectrotests have ment. The con- turer. Its new ergonomic design is been sold over the last three years. centrations of the said to ensure straight-forward han- Spectro designs, manufactures unknown sample dling and fatigue-free operation, and services a broad array of the are calculated with while a software assistant leads the atomic spectroscopic instrumenta- the stored calibration user through the development of in- tion used to analyse the elemental data. According to dividual sorting programs, including composition of solids and liquids. Spectro, common er- the setting of tolerance values. A Using optical emission or energy dis- rors resulting from in- data manager has also been inte- persive X-ray fluorescence (ED- correct evaluation of grated to help laboratories with or- XRF) measurement techniques, the material can be ganising and documenting stored Spectro’s instruments address the avoided using the “fin- measurement results. analysis requirements of a variety of gerprint” method while ‘The Spectrotest has become even end markets including: metal pro- ICAL eliminates the more flexible in the third genera- duction and processing; the environ- need for time-consum- tion,’ says Mr Freit. Its range ex- mental sector; hydrocarbon processing recalibration of the tends from battery operation in ing; aerospace; food processing; and Spectrotest required by hard-to-reach places to the examina- pharmaceuticals. changes in location and tion of small fragments or curved temperature. surfaces either in steel mills or dur- Spectro Analytical Instruments, For spark excitation, ing sorting in scrap yards. ‘It is suit- Kleve, Germany, the Spectrotest ed to just about every task in the Marie-Chantal Stucki, metal industry,’ he declares. Phone: +49 2821 892-2102, Fax: +49 2821 892-2202, The third generation Proven technology E-mail: [email protected]. Spectrotest has become even more flexible. The first generation of the Spec- www.spectro.com

Recycling International • September 2005 15 ROUND UP Magazine Round Up

A magazine for the recycling industry is published in application period began on August 1. to initiatives such as the recycling many countries. Although these publications mainly According to the US Institute of partnership between the Aluminum cover news of the domestic markets, many of them also Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), Association and Habitat for Human- signal international trends. Recycling International applications may be sent by mail, ity, plus a joint public service cam- rounds-up items from these magazines which are of courier or delivered in person to paign with the Nickelodeon cable TV interest to the international recycling industry. AQSIQ, which is the only body autho- channel using the animated charac- rised to issue a registration number. ter Jimmy Neutron to promote can The magazines we co-operate with in publishing Applications must be submitted ei- recycling. extracts from their editorial pages are: ther in Chinese or in both Chinese However, the Arlington-based • Scrap (USA) and English; in the case of the latter, Container Recycling Institute (CRI) • Recycling Today (USA) the application must include com- has challenged the aluminium indus- • Recycling magazin (Germany) plete responses in Chinese. There are try’s upbeat report. According to • Magazine Recycling Benelux (The Netherlands/Belgium) no registration or application fees. CRI’s calculations, which exclude im- Parties interested in applying for a ported scrap cans, the actual recy- licence are required to look out the fol- cling rate rose from 44.3% to 45.1% 300 electronics processors capable of lowing form: ‘List of Application Ma- last year - an increase equivalent to handling the enormous volumes go- terials of Registration of An Overseas just three cans for every American. ing to landfill. ISRI explained that Supplier Enterprise of Importing CRI also pointed out that the alu- commodity markets are governed by Scrap Materials’ (to be downloaded minium industry’s own 2004 figures the laws of supply and demand and from ‘Concerns for Hot Spots’ on the show a decline of 17 percentage http://www.scrap.org that artificial subsidies can interfere website http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn) points from the peak recycling rate of with the long-term flow of recycled More application information 68% recorded by the Aluminum As- scrap materials. However, financial may be obtained by contacting ISRI sociation in 1992. ‘The 12-year trend ISRI explains drivers may be necessary for elec- at www.isri.org of declining aluminium can recycling electronics tronics recycling, it acknowledged, shows no significant signs of revers- until end-use markets are economi- ing,’ the institute observed. recycling policy cally viable and the recycling infra- CRI has repeated its call for de- structure can sustain itself. Increased UBC posit systems as ‘the only pro- ISRI officials have outlined their Harris explained that the key to recycling in the gramme proven to recycle 70-90% of organisation’s new electronics recy- making electronics recycling eco- the cans sold in any given market.’ cling policy to the Federal Electron- nomically viable and ending artificial USA ics Stewardship Working Group. drivers is to invest in research and The group represents 12 federal development in end-use consumer US citizens recycled 51.5 billion agencies which have signed a memo- markets. ISRI has long advocated aluminium cans last year to give a randum of understanding to ‘pro- Design For Recycling, a programme UBC recycling rate of 51.2% - up 1.2 mote and develop common strategies that seeks to establish a national pol- percentage points from 2003 and the www.mrb-uitgevers.nl for using environmentally sustain- icy to promote the design and manu- first increase since 1997, reports the able technologies and practices to im- facture of goods that can be recycled Aluminum Association, the Can prove the quality, performance, and safely and efficiently when they Manufacturers Institute and the In- Booming environmental management of Fed- reach the end of their useful lives. stitute of Scrap Recycling Industries. eral electronic assets throughout ISRI’s recently-adopted policy on In 2003, the USA had collected 49.9 Dutch battery their life cycle.’ The agencies include: electronics recycling can be viewed at billion cans to achieve a 50% recy- collection the Executive Office of the President; www.isri.org cling rate, the organisations noted. the Departments of Agriculture, De- According to the latest data, the Collection of spent household bat- fense, Energy, Health and Human number of cans per pound of alumini- teries is booming in The Nether- Services, Homeland Security, Interi- um increased from 33.72 in 2003 to lands, according to latest figures or, Justice, Transportation and Vet- AQSIQ accepts 33.92 in 2004. The amount of alu- from the Dutch battery foundation erans Affairs; as well as the Environ- new applications minium collected also showed an in- Stibat. Last year, 80% of all batter- mental Protection Agency and the crease - from 1.48 billion pounds in ies was collected compared to 74% in General Services Administration. China’s State General Administra- 2003 to 1.52 billion last year. These the previous year. ISRI’s Director of Governmental tion for Quality Supervision, Inspec- numbers reflect the number of UBCs Stibat also notes that the percent- Affairs Eric Harris encouraged the tion and Quarantine (AQSIQ) has melted by US facilities plus exports age of batteries in The Netherlands’ agencies to take advantage of the re- confirmed that it is now prepared to of can scrap and imports of UBC household waste has reached an all- cycling infrastructure that institute accept new applications from compa- scrap melted in the USA. time low of 0.0178%, mainly as a re- members have built over the past nies interested in obtaining licences Aluminium industry officials at- sult of an increase in the number of century. ISRI now encompasses some to ship recyclables to China. The new tributed the recycling rate increase spent battery collection points in su-

Recycling International • September 2005 16 ROUND UP

permarkets, elementary schools, do- be correct, the current period of over- ment covering 2005-2006 trade in it-yourself stores and other retail out- supply and falling prices could well certain steel items, according to a re- lets to 11 000. In addition, Stibat has be shorter than economic downcy- port by a Ukrainian news agency. intensified its pro-recycling publicity cles of the past. The agreement provides for an in- campaign via television commercials. Prices are continuing to fall at crease in the Ukraine’s quota for ex- In 2004, a total of 2489 tonnes of present due to over-production and ports to the EU of flat-rolled and as- spent batteries was collected in The to the fact that warehouses are al- sorted rolled steel items from 730 000 Netherlands - an average of 153 ready packed to the roof. Indeed, tonnes to 980 000 tonnes this year grams per inhabitant. flat-rolled steel prices have been and to slightly more than one million All collected batteries go to the na- dropping for the last four months. tonnes next year - given that the tional sorting centre operated by Van In contrast to production cutbacks Ukraine’s export duty on ferrous Peperzeel in Ermelo where they are in Europe and the USA, new steel scrap does not exceed € 30/US$ 36.5 sorted into ten separate flows accord- capacity has come on stream in Chi- per tonne. ing to type and chemical composi- na, MEPS reports. The agreement also specifies that tion. The batteries are then trans- the Ukraine’s steps to lower the duty ported to specialist processing plants levied on ferrous scrap exports will in The Netherlands, Belgium, be followed by the EU’s moves to in- France, Germany and Switzerland crease the Ukraine’s quota. Further- for environmentally-friendly recy- more, if the Ukraine cancels the ex- cling. Recovered metals include nick- port duty, its quota will be increased el, zinc, cadmium and manganese. www.recyclingtoday.com by 43%. In turn, the Ukrainian government has undertaken not to in- Japan to offer troduce additional restrictions on exports of ferrous scrap. The agree- ferrous scrap ment also envisages increases in the futures trading Ukrainian quota as the country’s op- www.recyclingmagazin.de erators open new servicing centres The Central Japan Commodity in EU member states. Exchange has announced a world Japan considers first in that it will begin futures trading in iron scrap from October sanctions 11 this year. With the contract size Noranda against US steel set at 20 tonnes, scrap companies, expands elec- trading houses and other market products participants will be able to buy and tronic recycling sell scrap produced, for example, at Japan is considering sanctions stamping works in automobile facto- business into against US steel products amount- ries, explains the C-COM exchange. Asia ing to up to 5.7 billion yen (US$ 51/ According to C-COM, it decided to € 41.6 million), according to a spokes- list iron scrap in response to grow- Noranda Inc., one of the world’s woman for the Japanese Ministry of ing calls for a mechanism to stabilise largest electronics recyclers, has ex- Trade. Press reports in Japan sug- the price given that China’s rapid panded with the opening of a new gest the country may impose a 15% economic growth may send it soar- subsidiary, Noranda Recycling Inc. levy on 10 steel products in response ing. The exchange said it plans to (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. to the USA having imposed levies on convert from a membership organi- The company already has four imports of Japanese steel products. sation to a stock company system to plants in the USA and one in streamline operations. Brampton, Ontario, Canada, which In 2003, C-COM was ranked as are dedicated to electronics recy- the second largest commodity ex- cling. Located in Penang, Noranda Better times change in Japan and the seventh Recycling Malaysia has been created ahead for steel? largest in the world in terms of an- to provide an enhanced local service nual volume of contracts traded. to existing Noranda customers and Analysts at London-based MEPS to strengthen the company’s global International are forecasting an im- service to original equipment manu- provement in the steel industry’s facturers in the electronics industry fortunes. Although prices of flat- EU and Ukraine which are looking for worldwide re- rolled and long products are expect- sign steel deal cycling solutions. ed to suffer further falls in 2005, the The Malaysia office will source sector could see an upturn as early An agreement has been signed in copper and precious metal-bearing as the start of the second quarter of Brussels between the European scrap from electronics manufactur- next year. If this forecast proves to Union and the Ukrainian govern- ers in Asia.

Recycling International • September 2005 17 STAINLESS The stellar rise of Capricorn Stainless

Capricorn Stainless was formed only eight years ago but is already one of the world’s top three traders/processors of raw materials used by the stainless steel industry, with a customer list featuring some of the world’s best-known and largest producers. In this article, Recycling International investigates the company’s rapid rise and its latest expansion initiatives.

apricorn Stainless, part of Dutch-based Fondel CCommodities BV, has enjoyed a rapid rise to prominence within the global stainless steel industry. Formed in 1997, the company initially handled around 1000 tonnes per month of raw materials used by stainless steel mills; only eight years later, that figure has risen to around 36 000 tonnes per month. Over those years, the company has developed a strong presence in both Western and Eastern Europe, as well as in South Africa. More recently, the company has underlined its commitment to the important South East Asian market by establishing offices in South Korea and China. Fondel was formed in 1992 although its metal

Michael Pawlowski, one of Capricorns three trading roots can be traced back more than four directors. decades. Its three directors - Michael Pawlowski, Austin van ‘t Wout and Ewout Slooff - have substantial experience of the stainless steel business:

Mr Pawlowski was previously with Kreissel Metal The company’s headquarters and yard in Dordrecht, Recycling GmbH (KMR) of Germany, while both of about 30 km from Rotterdam, offers all-important water access. his co-directors were with ELG Jewometaal. Capricorn Stainless was formed because it was perceived to be ‘the right time to start an alterna- from Rotterdam, which offer all-important water tive type of A-list stainless steel trading company’, access. Mr Pawlowski explains: ‘This meant we could according to Mr Pawlowski. The company blends load and send ships, but also receive scrap by boat - material at its yards in Dordrecht and Germany so it gives us more options.’ The 30,000 m2 yard, with the aim of supplying its customers with ‘a tai- which comprises 8000 m2 of covered storage area, lor-made product’; it also runs yards in Poland, receives material from all over the world. Lithuania and Russia, as well as commercial offices Mr Pawlowski identified two other major mile- in Denmark, Estonia and South Africa. stones in the relatively brief history of Capricorn Stainless. In 1999, it set up a yard at Klaipeda in Small beginnings Lithuania which serves as a main collection hub for The company started out at a small rented yard countries in Eastern Europe (with the exception of in Rotterdam but, following rapid growth, moved to Russia). With shipments from the 20 000 m2 Klaipeda By Ian Martin its current headquarters in Dordrecht, about 30 km yard to Dordrecht taking place bi-weekly, Capricorn

Recycling International • September 2005 18 STAINLESS

Pre-blended product The focus of the company’s activities is on nickel, stainless steel scrap, ferro-chrome and ferro-molybdenum. Employing well over 200 people, the company currently handles some 430 000 tonnes of 18/8 stainless steel scrap each year (with a nickel content of around 40 000 tonnes), as well as 15 000 tonnes of primary nickel. Upwards of 40% of its incoming material is bought in Western Europe and the remainder from the rest of the world, including

North America, South America and South Africa. Radiation detection controls at the gate of the Material is processed at company yards using yard. shears and presses, then converted into a pre-blended, analysis-guaranteed product. ‘We do not believe in a standard product for the stainless steel industry,’ proclaims the company’s website. ‘Our aim is to produce a tailor-made product, accurately optimised for each specific stainless steel mill we serve, depending on both the technical requirements as well as the specific physical raw material situation.’ It contends that homogeneously blended stainless steel scrap offers: better nickel and chrome unit valuation; higher density; shorter Formed in 1997, Capricorn Stainless has melting times; and lower impurity levels. rapidly become one of the world’s top three stainless steel scrap traders and processors. Close working relationships Mr Pawlowski attributes the company’s rapid growth to the fact that, while many other leading stainless scrap specialists operate large trading teams, Capricorn Stainless has just five - including the company’s three principals. ‘We believe in a very close relationship with our many suppliers and with our customers, all of whom value our atten- tiveness,’ he says. Those major customers include a clutch of interna- tionally-renowned stainless steel producers. According to Mr Pawlowski, Capricorn Stainless supplies approximately 75-80% of the stainless steel scrap needs of giant Spanish producer Acerinox and is the major European supplier to Posco in South Korea. Other leading customers include: Outokumpu claims to be the largest exporter of stainless steel- in Finland and Sweden; and Arcelor/ALZ in Belgium. related scrap from most CIS countries. Capricorn Stainless contends that increasing Another key event in the development of consolidation within the customer base will require Capricorn Stainless took place in March last year the company to become an ever more global player. when it acquired KMR of Germany, a company Mr Pawlowski stresses: ‘In our business, you which handles around 120 000 tonnes of stainless always have to be looking for expansion. You can scrap per year. As with the Lithuanian yard, this never stop looking for new customers.’ facility comprises latest technical/analytical and radiation detection equipment to ensure the safety Presence in China and quality controls ‘that are the trademark of To underline this philosophy, Capricorn Stainless Capricorn Stainless’. Mr Pawlowski notes: ‘The opened an office in the Chinese capital of Beijing ear- acquisition was a big step forward for us and we lier this summer and, more recently, sent its first tri- Capricorn’s focus is on nickel, stainless steel have an excellent young team there.’ al lot to the country. Furthermore, the Dutch firm is scrap, ferro-chrome and ferro-molybdenum.

Recycling International • September 2005 19

STAINLESS

earlier this year in the South Korean capital of Seoul. Meanwhile, the company boasts an established presence in South Africa: its office in Cape Town is managed by Mark Sellier, a board member of the Non-Ferrous Metals Division of the world recycling body BIR.

Unusual coincidence Commenting on current market conditions, Mr Pawlowski points to the recent, unusual coincidence of rising nickel prices at a time of significant production cutbacks among some of the major stainless steel mills. He says: ‘Nickel price elevation has nothing to do with the metal’s fundamentals - the price should be much lower now.’ Of late, there have been signs of recovery among the major stainless producers, he Capricorn handles around 36 000 tonnes of stainless steel scrap per month. adds, although the situation differs from mill to mill. Despite the recent blip in stainless steel’s fortunes, currently conducting negotiations with a view to it remains ‘a metal for the future’, according to Mr establishing a yard of its own in China, again with Pawlowski. ‘You have only to see that the growing water access. ‘In any emerging market, you need to economies of China and India have a combined popu- have people at the local level - the key is finding the lation of approaching 2.5 billion to see that stainless right partner,’ comments Mr Pawlowski. Capricorn steel has a bright future.’ Of course, increased domes- Torch cutting of large pieces of material. Stainless is currently working through a period of tic production among rapidly-growing nations such assimilation with Chinese contacts more accustomed as China presents a potential threat – ‘but that to receiving unblended rather than blended scrap. applies to virtually every industry and not just stain- Still in Asia, Capricorn Stainless set up an office less steel,’ observes Mr Pawlowski.

Generator -Technik Schwäbisch Gmünd

intelligent current generation Highest flexibility and adaptability

Intelligent alternators and controls for lifting magnets

u Modular concept

u Plug & Play installation

u Selfprotecting electronic system

Demagnetisation

Precise force development Dump for an effective job Lift up

Fast magnetisation with impact excitation

Automatic degaussing systems with follow-up pulsation traditional systems Your material handling machine + = highest efficiency for material handling

Ziegelfeldstraße 18 n D-73563 Mögglingen n Telefon: +49 (0) 7174 8 98 00-0 n www.gts-generator.com ‘SOCIAL’ RECYCLING Recycling: the invaluable social d

As is well known, recycling offers a source of raw materials while at the same time conserving natural resources. But the beneficial impact of recycling extends much wider: for example, collection of recyclables has a huge social dimension in many developing countries, helping people to earn a living wage and giving them a tremendous sense of worth. This feature provides two examples - from India and South Africa - of how recycling is changing lives.

he recycling industry in Mumbai is vast and

T built on several levels. Throughout India as a Mama She’s has a workforce of well over 400 permanent and casual employees. whole, recovered paper, plastics and glass are regarded as resources that are not to be discarded or middlemen known as ‘kattawalas’ (the one who lightly, and so these provide the basis for a huge, weighs). Furthermore, since the recycling chain is and largely hidden, economy. Segregation, proper vast and involves illiterate and uninformed rag processing and recycling can generate a good pickers, the sale of recyclables for proper reuse and income for a large number of people while also ben- recycling remains unchecked, and so sometimes

In Mumbai, a city of 16 million inhabitants, rag picking efitting the environment by avoiding the immense these materials are reused in a form that can create is a key source of income for tens or even hundreds of thousands of people, often young children. problems caused by improper and unnecessary hazardous results. Another persistent problem is a dumping. A large portion of the materials can be general lack of public awareness about refuse dis- recycled while some can also be converted into com- posal and the benefits of recycling. post, leaving only a small percentage to be dumped. The Forum of Recyclers Communities and At the bottom of the waste pyramid are poorly- Environment (FORCE), a non-governmental organ- paid rag pickers. In Mumbai, a city of 16 million isation registered with the charity commission of inhabitants, rag picking is a key source of income for Mumbai in October 2000, has been working to regu- tens or even hundreds of thousands of people. The larise the recycling chain and to make citizens, rag city’s so-called ‘unorganised’ sector is made up of pickers and municipal authorities aware of the approximately 35 000 rag pickers - including men, importance of materials segregation and its benefit

In cooperation with the Mumbai city council, Force has women and children - who go through refuse bins to to the recycling industry. The organisation has nine set up dry waste segregation centres in the city. salvage valuable raw materials. Rag picking is con- trustees within its regulating body, two of whom sidered the most menial of activities undertaken by manage FORCE itself - namely Poonam Hudar and people who have no alternative form of employment. Prakash Sonawane. They recognise that, in order Despite the efforts of the Municipal Corporation to gain increasing benefits from recycling, system- of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), there is still a need for atic methods of refuse disposal are required in these rag pickers in a city which generates nearly Mumbai and throughout India. 7000 tonnes of refuse every day. Not officially employed for this purpose, these people represent a Identity cards focal point for recycling since, despite all the dangers In 2001, MCGM provided the organisation with facing them, they relentlessly pick through refuse three pieces of ground, including sheds to house dry FORCE has trained upwards of 50 rag pickers in vermi- composting and these people are officially employed bins in their search for recyclables that can be sold on waste segregation activities. The authorities have by the different residential areas to manage their com- to wholesalers and retailers, for sale in turn to indus- also provided three ‘tempos’ - small vehicles used posting pits. tries which utilise them as raw materials. for carrying goods in general, but now co-ordinated by FORCE for dry garbage collection. Segregation of Potential for exploitation refuse at source appears to be the best option: However, this is where exploitation can occur as through a new scheme, FORCE encourages citizens the rag pickers are illiterate and poor, and are often to separate their household waste into different cat- paid far less than they should be by these retailers egories, such as wet and dry refuse. The public can

Recycling International • September 2005 22 ‘SOCIAL’ RECYCLING

dential area is being encouraged to build composting pits in their locality; these occupy a very small area ll dimensiondimension where wet waste - consisting of left-over food, veg- etable peelings, etc - can be turned into manure through vermi-composting. FORCE has trained upwards of 50 rag pickers in vermi-composting and these people are officially employed by the different residential areas to manage their composting pits. In terms of dry waste segregation and wet waste During its Spring Convention in Barcelona in May, the BIR world recycling organisation awarded a BIR Gold composting activities, FORCE currently operates in Medal to Darren Pillai, General Manager of Mama She’s Waste Recyclers in South Africa. four MCGM wards in Mumbai. In co-operation with the municipal authority, the organisation has also undertaken various composting projects involving, for example, the organic waste left after festivals.

Growing public interest Following on from FORCE’s major environmental and social contribution of the last five years, the municipal authorities have started encouraging give the bags of dry waste to rag pickers who have community schemes to separate waste and to com- The Mumbai authorities have provided three ‘tempos’ - been issued with FORCE identity cards. post organic material since the problem of over- small vehicles used for carrying goods in general, but FORCE has organised nearly 2000 rag pickers in flowing dumping grounds has become alarming. now co-ordinated by FORCE for dry garbage collection. different pockets of the city by giving them train- There is also growing public interest in the welfare ing and building their recycling awareness. These of rag pickers and in the workings of the recycling pickers have been provided with the special identity chain, particularly among the middle classes. cards so that they gain the respect of both the Despite their vital recycling role, rag pickers have municipal authorities and of Mumbai’s citizens been earning on average less than US$ 1 a day and when they enter residential and other premises to have faced constant discrimination and harassment collect the dry waste. Collected material is taken to by the public. However, following the introduction of the segregation sheds provided by MCGM where this new system, this discrimination has been turn- other rag pickers carry out further segregation and ing to respect and co-operation, while daily average create large packets of material. earnings can reach US$ 3-4 dollars a day for those On average, rag pickers in India earn less the one dollar a day. Soft drinks giant Coca-Cola has provided FORCE pickers working in conjunction with FORCE. with a machine for granulating PET bottles, thus The system achieves a three-fold target of regu- eliminating the sometimes exploitative middlemen. larising the recycling industry, of safeguarding the Other machines operating in Mumbai and else- environment, and of giving rag pickers a more dig- where in India process collected recyclables such as nified status within society. Given support in the plastics, paper, metals and wood. By acquiring pro- form of research and finance, FORCE would be cessing equipment, a direct link is established keen to see the establishment of similar systems in between the recycling industry and the rag pickers. almost every city and village in India.

Providing a dignified living Mama She’s in South Africa Last year, Mama She’s processed a total of 50 000 FORCE’s vision is to acquire more machines and The positive social impact of the Mama She’s tonnes of paper, plastics and glass. gradually to hand over their operation and manage- Waste Recyclers initiative in South Africa has ment to the rag pickers. The organisation believes already earned international recognition. Its this approach will not only regularise the recycling founder and General Manager Darren Pillai industry but also safeguard the environment, while received a rarely-awarded Gold Medal from world at the same time providing rag pickers with a digni- recycling organisation BIR at the body’s Spring fied, more highly respected and profitable living. Convention in Barcelona earlier this year. In mak- Door-to-door collection of segregated refuse pro- ing the award, BIR Paper Division President vides the recycling industry with more optimised Dominique Maguin of France-based Soulier praised raw materials, thereby facilitating their further Mama She’s for helping ‘marginalised’ people in an processing. area of high unemployment to gain dignity and Mama She’s also carries out on-site waste manage- As for wet waste, each housing society and resi- respect through recycling. ment at sports events.

Recycling International • September 2005 23 All we need is soft scrap lead!

Our group is situated in several countries in the western part of Europe. The recyclers, which are active in recycling soft scrap lead and remelted ingots of minimum 99,9 % lead, are represented in Ireland and the Netherlands. Working together in the Calder Group for a clean environment. Visit our website www.caldergroup.co.uk for details. recyclingrecycling

Call the Calder Group

MP (Metal Processors Limited) Uzimet BV Station Road, Clondakin, DUBLIN 22, Ireland Delftweg 62, 2289 BA RIJSWIJK, the Netherlands Contactperson: Michael O’Hanlon Contactperson: Patrick van Ruyven Tel: +353 1 457 3240 - Fax: +353 1 457 3253 Tel: +31 70 319 2288 - Fax: +31 70 319 2143 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ‘SOCIAL’ RECYCLING

ment at sports events. In addition, Mama She’s recovers high- and low- density polyethylene from shopping centres, supermarkets and various other sources. The organisation processes some 3000 tonnes of plastic per annum using granulators, extruders, wash plants and pellitisers. ‘Granulate is sold to irrigation pipe companies and film blowing businesses,’ it is pointed out. The organisation does not receive any subsidies but is a commercial project run on true supply and demand principles. And despite the use of the word ‘waste’ in the organisation’s title, Mr Pillai gladly Mama She’s processes some 3000 tonnes of plastic per annum using granulators, extruders, wash plants and pellitisers. insists: ‘We don’t deal with waste, but with valuable secondary raw materials.’ Indeed, proof that Mr Pillai earned his living from the liquor and the organisation is subject to normal commercial beef business before setting up Mama She’s in the rules comes with Mr Pillai’s observation that falling year 2000, since when its operations have been raw material prices can have an adverse impact on Stock receiving at the production centre in Elandsfontein, South Africa. growing at a rate of 150% per annum. The organi- the incomes of people who supply material to Mama sation bases its activities around the collection, pro- She’s. But as he pointed out in receiving the BIR cessing and sale of plastics, glass, cans and paper Gold Medal earlier this year, Mama She’s is gener- from household refuse, and commands a fleet of 72 ally able to offer its employees - some of society’s vehicles plus an array of tractors, forklifts, sorting poorest people - ‘a very stable source of income’. facilities and baling presses. The material is brought to Mama She’s by an army Expansion plans of so-called ‘scavengers’ whose individual details are The BIR award has generated plenty of welcome lodged in the organisation’s computer system. At the interest and media coverage back home in South privately-owned landfill near the Johannesburg Africa. Mr Pillai comments: ‘Mama She’s is basical- Mama She’s can provide trolleys to help people with their street collections. townships, some 150 people sort recyclable material ly a Johannesburg-based economic model. We want from general waste. ‘Each person has an individual to expand our concept to other South African towns, account number which they produce when handing for instance, to Durban.’ The country-wide recovery in their recyclables,’ the organisation explains. rate for paper is 40%, for glass 10% and for plastics ‘Mama She’s then pays these people on a commission 5%; last year alone, Mama She’s processed a total of basis directly into their bank accounts.’ 50 000 tonnes of these three materials. At some In addition, other collectors bring in material future point, Mr Pillai hopes Mama She’s will be in they have accumulated on the streets and from else- a position to export material by producing more of where, for which they get paid in cash. Mama She’s these secondary raw materials than South Africa is can provide them with trolleys to help them with able to consume. Sorting and grading recyclables for sale into the their street collections, through which they can Indeed, Mr Pillai’s ambitions for the Mama She’s domestic South Africa market. then make about € 10 per day. ‘This level of income concept are clearly not limited to his homeland. ‘We is slightly lower than the middle-income group,’ are trying to develop a social fund with other coun- The feature on the new explains Mama She’s. tries such as India and South America and to export recycling system in Mumbai is the idea to other countries where people can set up an edited version of an article Major employment boost domestic refuse sorting plants,’ he says. and additional information With its head office and main production centre at The BIR Gold Medal recognised Mama She’s as provided by Poonam Hudar, Elandsfontein, Mama She’s has a compliment of well ‘an exceptional initiative which uses recycling as a a trustee of Forum of over 400 permanent and casual employees. Having means of enhancing social promotion and human Recyclers Communities and received recyclable materials from this array of col- dignity’. This social dimension is also reflected in Environment (FORCE). lectors, the workforce sorts and grades these ready Mama She’s mission statement, which talks not only She can be reached at: for sale into the domestic South Africa market. about protecting the environment through recycling [email protected]. Among its other activities, Mama She’s under- but also about ‘creating empowerment through busi- For more information on takes the destruction of confidential documents and ness with small entrepreneurs’. Indeed, a number of Mama She’s Waste Recyclers, the removal of building rubble. It holds waste man- reclaimers have developed these business links to a please contact Darren Pillai at: agement contracts for such illustrious companies as point where they have been in a position to employ [email protected] Cadbury’s, and carries out on-site waste manage- their own people, equipment and vehicles.

Recycling International • September 2005 25 One of Ye Chiu’s continuous casting machines. Founded in 1984, Ye Chiu has quickly become one of South East Asia’s largest producers of aluminium alloy ingots. At its production facilities in Malaysia and China, the company produces a total of 27 000 tonnes of aluminium alloy ingots and more than 3000 tons of zinc ingots every month, sourcing its scrap feed from around the globe. Recycling International pays a visit to the company’s plant at Taicang, near Shanghai, in China.

By Manfred Beck

uang Chung Sheng started Ye Chiu in the ear- H ly 1980s in his native Taiwan, at a time when Ye Chiu Metal - the Taiwanese economy was booming in comparison to the rest of South East Asia. Given the exten- sive and fierce competition within the Taiwanese a rising star of secondary aluminium business, Mr Huang decided to look elsewhere for a place to base his company. In 1984, he moved from Taiwan to Malaysia and made the ingot world a fresh start with Ye Chiu Metal Smelting Berhad. ‘In Malaysia, I started from scratch again,’ recalls Mr Huang. ‘I rented a small factory which could produce 200 to 300 tonnes of secondary aluminium alloy ingot per month. During the next 12 years, we grew slowly until we reached a production of around 800 tonnes a month. Then, in 1993, we moved to a new factory in Malaysia which currently produces about 6000 tonnes of aluminium alloy ingot per month.’ Wishing to expand his business, Mr Huang

Ye Chiu’s owner and Managing Director Huang Chung Sheng. Kenny Liew, Head of Purchasing of Ye Chiu Taicang. bought approximately 100 acres of land in the industrial area of Taicang, near Shanghai, some four years ago. Here, he built a new factory which began production in June 2003. He says of his rea- sons for choosing China: ‘The industrial zone near Shanghai is the fastest growing in China. As a result, there is much need for semi-finished products such as the aluminium ingots and aluminium/zinc alloy ingots that we produce in Taicang.’ The proximity of the port facilities at Shanghai was also an important factor behind the decision to settle in Taicang. Scrap is still being trucked around 80 km from Shanghai to the Ye Chiu yard.

26 COMPANY PROFILE

However, in a few years time, Taicang will have completed the construction of its port facilities which will give Ye Chiu access to an international port within minutes from its yard.

Raw materials To satisfy a combined production of around 12 000 tonnes per month in Malaysia and China, Ye Chiu requires some 15 000 tonnes of raw materials each month, or 180 000 tonnes on an annual basis. These raw materials are sourced from all over the world - principally from North America and Europe, but also from Australia, South America, the Middle East and Asia. The company’s scrap purchases regularly try to work the problem out with them. Sometimes The end product: aluminium alloy ingots. include various grades of shredded residue, Tense, we ask an independent third party for an extra Taint\Tabor, aluminium radiators, aluminium/cop- inspection of the material. In almost every case, we per radiators, sport rims and pistons. In addition, arrive at a settlement with our suppliers.’ the company also purchases various grades of copper, brass and zinc scrap, including electric On-the-job training wire/cable and motors. Once incoming scrap is approved, it is mechani- To assist in sourcing scrap from North America, cally sorted into different sizes to ease further sort- Ye Chiu set up a Los Angeles-based trading compa- ing. It the goes into a hand sorting stage where the ny - known as America Metal Export - in 2003. This material is ‘sorted to the bone’. This work is carried operation is headed by senior trader Mimi Lai. out at a large number of sorting tables which line the huge hall in Taicang. The 500 sorters are main- Total quality control ly women as they are said to be more accurate than Based around the concept of total quality control, men. They get paid mainly by the weight of the Ye Chiu has developed strict standards for every material they sort, thus ensuring that the compa- stage of production, including raw material sorting, ny’s sorting costs are variable, according to the melting, refining, casting and packing. The quality of amounts of scrap processed. purchased scrap is very important to Ye Chiu and New employees receive in-house training through thus also the choice of suppliers. ‘We are very careful which they learn to recognise and sort the different from whom we buy our scrap. Therefore we have long- metals such as Taint, Tabor, brass, zinc and cop- This picture of the French emperor Napoleon lasting relations with our suppliers,’ says Mr Huang. per. On completing this education process, they features in the entrance to Ye Chiu’s offices. Beneath it in Chinese characters is the proverb: To ensure its quality, scrap is inspected in the should be able to recognise some 30 different met- ‘You’ve got to be brave to solve all problems.’ country of shipping by the official Chinese inspection company CCIC, and then again at the Chinese The Ye Chiu Group port of arrival. Once at Ye Chiu’s plant, all material The Ye Chiu Group is listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange in Malaysia. undergoes yet another thorough check. Mr Huang The company has been a long standing member of the BIR world recycling organisation observes: ‘In the rare case of discovering off-spec and of the US Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI). Since 1995, it has also material, we immediately contact the supplier and been a member of the London Metal Exchange (LME), with it’s ingot brand registered at the LME as “Ye Chiu”. The group is a holding company with three subsidiaries: * Ye Chiu Metal Smelting Berhad in Malaysia was founded in 1984 and has a workforce of 200. Monthly production capacity is 6000 tonnes of aluminium alloy ingots. * Ye Chiu Metal (Taicang) Co. Ltd of Taicang, JiangSu, near Shanghai started production in 2001. This company has 700 employees and a monthly production capacity of 20 000 tonnes of aluminium alloy ingots and 3000 tonnes of zinc alloy ingots. * Los Angeles-based America Metal Export, Inc., which is managed by senior trader Mimi Lai, is Ye Chiu’s raw material and scrap procurement arm. In addition, Joulder Precision Industry (Kunshan) Co., Ltd of China manufactures precision moulds for die-casting, for example, car and computer parts. For more information: http://www.yechiu.com.my Shoes in scrap.

Recycling International • September 2005 27

COMPANY PROFILE

als. After three months, they are subjected to a Markets practical exam and, if they pass, they can proceed to Buyers of Ye Chiu’s aluminium alloy ingots join Ye Chiu’s sorting team. include manufacturers of domestic electrical appliances, furniture, sports equipment, building mate- Alloy ingot production rials, computers and medical apparatus, as well as Ye Chiu has modern processing and casting tech- the car, aircraft and shipbuilding industries. Its nology at its disposal in Taicang. The professional customer list features such illustrious names as smelting plant boasts two refractory furnaces with Philips and Nissan. capacities of 45 tonnes and 25 tonnes per hour Until 2004, Ye Chiu sold around 50% of its prod- which produce a combined 6000 tonnes of ingots per ucts domestically, with the remainder being export- month. For the casting of the ingots, the company ed. However, since the Chinese government’s deci- operates four continuous casting machines with sion to impose a 5% export tax on exports of alu- automated stacking systems, as well as several minium ingots on January 1 2005, Ye Chiu Taicang dross coolers. The dross, which is raked from the has sold its products almost exclusively into the molten aluminium, is sold to specialised processors home market. Fortunately, this represents no prob- while a dust collection system nullifies air emis- lem, as Mr Huang explains: ‘China is a big country sions. with a huge market. Compared with Western coun- During the entire production process from melt- tries, consumption is in its infancy and is still growing to casting, quality checks are carried out by two ing. But our prices have to be very competitive monitoring divisions working in parallel: Quality because there are a few hundred large, medium-size Control for day-to-day monitoring of the production and small producers of aluminium alloy ingots process; and Quality Assistance for tracking down within the Chinese market. We have to control our defective products via rigid sampling and testing at costs to make a profit here.’ various stages of production. Using advanced analy- Recently, the Chinese government has lifted the sers, every batch is checked not only for chemical 5% export tax on exports of aluminium ingots and composition but also for grain size, dross content, this has once again opened up the international Ye Chiu’s 700 employees at Taicang live in gas content and physical strength. market for Ye Chiu. apartment houses on the company’s premises.

World Recycling · Shanghai ’05

November 8 – 11, 2005 · Hotel Shangri-La, Pudong International Conference & Exhibition on Car, Electronics & Battery Recycling

Leading experts from the field of recycling technology, waste collection, manufacturing, steelmaking, legislation and policy-making will meet at WORLD RECYCLING · SHANGHAI ’05 to discuss a range of key topics, including: • car, electronics & battery manufacturers’ recycling activities • latest developments within the recycling industry • best available technologies, plants and processes • collection and take-back programmes • the outlook for new laws and regulations

The conference represents an opportunity to exchange information, meet new business partners and gain easy access to potential new clients in a country which is having a massive impact on the global recycling industry. You will also have a chance to visit manufacturing and recycling companies.

Don’t miss this unique international world recycling congress and register now at www.icm.ch

For further information, please contact: ICM AG, International Congress & Marketing, Switzerland Phone: +41 62 785 10 00, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.icm.ch STAINLESS FROM SLAG S3R - recovering stainless steel f

Stainless steel producers’ mong stainless steel producers, the most com- proved the recovered stainless steel scrap was suffi- mon method of recovering metal from residual ciently clean to meet Krupp’s specifications. residual slag contains a A slag is through wet grinding/screening. During this During the stainless steel-making process, every high proportion of process, material is broken down to dust by crush- tonne of raw material generates between 300 and ers, overflow ball mills and rod mills; water is then 400 kg of slag. ‘With the RecCo-Marilyn process, it valuable metal, recovered added to create a slurry from which the metals are is possible to extract on average about 7% of stain- most commonly via a wet screened out. less steel scrap from the residual slag,’ S#R Director Ir Jan A. Groothoff, Managing Director of Stainless Jan Hooiveld. The process uses standard crushing grinding/screening Steel Scrap Recovery (S3R), has plenty of experience techniques (impactor) to liberate metal pieces, and process. However, Dutch of this wet process and believes it presents several a unique combination of metal sensor/magnet spe- disadvantages. ‘The wet process consumes lots of cial dry milling recovery techniques to recover met- company S3R has now energy and is very capital-intensive,’ he says. ‘The al pieces measuring from 1 mm to 250 mm. The developed the revolution- residual slag product has to be treated again using fraction smaller than 15 mm is processed in a spe- sieve screens. Furthermore, the remaining slurry has cial dry-milling vertical impactor, after which clean ary ‘RecCo-Marilyn’ dry to be landfilled, often at huge cost.’ metal in the 1-55 mm band is recovered through scrap recovery process As an alternative, S3R has developed the patent high-tech screening. pending RecCo-Marilyn dry recovery process. Mr The three-step RecCo-Marilyn approach consists for this purpose. Groothoff explains: ‘It’s basically a simple technolo- of separate modules and allows clients to choose the gy using the latest screening, milling and sensor desired degree of metal recovery. At the start of the By Manfred Beck technologies. A unique feature is that it can also be sensor process, metal-containing slag of defined size used for recovery of ferro alloys such as ferro- distribution is screened and then routed onto a con- chrome and ferro-manganese.’ veyor belt moving at 3-5 metres per second. Near And he adds: ‘It’s also an environmental friendly the end of this conveyor, a sensor defines the damp- process. We add 2% ferro-sulphate to convert ening of the induction value of the passing material. Chrome-6 into harmless Chrome-3. The remaining Material to be recovered is detected by the sensor: a product is a clean residual slag fraction of 0-10 mm, signal is sent to the processing unit which activates 10-35 mm and 35-80 mm which is ready for re-use sequenced air valves which blow out the pieces of in civil applications and, when mixed with carbon metal. steel slag, as a road-base material.’ These sensor-based recovery machines have been substantially enhanced of late, with s3R modifying RecCo-Marilyn process the approach to suit this particular application. ‘By Last year, S3R fine-tuned the RecCo-Marilyn varying certain critical parameters, we can either process at a 600-tonne pilot plant for Krupp Thyssen retrieve both free, clean metal and metal-bearing S3R’s Director Jan Hooiveld (left) and Managing Director Ir Jan Groothoff. Nerosta of Bochum, Germany. The pilot project slag - in the so-called high-sensitivity mode - or

The pilot plant in Germany.

Recycling International • September 2005 30 STAINLESS FROM SLAG from slag

retrieve only pure metal pieces, whereby metal-bearing slag is then re-circulated to liberate more metal,’ explains Mr Groothoff. With a capacity of up to 20- 30 tonnes per hour, the S3R system has achieved a purity level greater than 80-90% when recovering metal fragments from 150 mm down to 15 mm.

Advantages of a dry process The recovery rate and quality of recovered scrap are equal to those obtained via wet milling; the rate varies from 8 to 12% of the total input given that pieces of scrap larger than 250 mm will have already been recovered by the steel mill. But according to S3R, its RecCo-Marilyn process has several advantages over wet techniques. ‘Capital expenditure is substantially lower than that required for the wet milling route,’ says Mr Hooiveld. ‘There is no slag disposal problem because the process produces 0-10 mm, 10-35 mm and 35-80 mm dry slag which can be re-used in civil construction applications. In addition, tests have truck-mounted demonstration sensor sorting unit proved that our system uses far less energy and is with a capacity of 20-35 tonnes per hour, which can more efficient because it does not grind slag any fur- be hired to test the effective recovery of austenitic ther if no significant metal pieces remain.’ The stainless steel. After an initial site visit by S3R and RecCo-Marilyn plant can be permanent or semi- some laboratory testing, the company will present mobile; rather than using concrete foundations, clients with a basic engineering concept including simple concrete platforms support the various items details of the layout and capital expenditure impli- of plant built in modules on subframes. cations. Payback on the RecCo-Marilyn concept is According to Mr Hooiveld, S3R can deliver all the between one and two years, S3R estimates. necessary processing components within 16-24 weeks Late August, the first RecCo-Marilyn with basic This mobile sensor unit can process up to of design approval. And he adds: ‘No water treatment equipment for a 75 tonne per hour fixed plant was 20-35 tonnes of stainless steel scrap per hour. installation is needed because there is no risk of cont- sold to a customer in Taiwan and this will be com- aminated water entering the environment. missioned in December 2005. Furthermore, our plant is dust-free because we have fitted it with special dust treatment technology.’ S3R - a three-way partnership Mobile demonstration unit Three leading non-ferrous recovery companies (listed below) have Two plants are available from S3R: a semi-mobile formed a strategic alliance under the S3R banner to provide the stain- unit built which can process 100 tonnes of slag per less steel industry with turnkey solutions for dry recovery of stain- hour; and a fixed plant capable of 150 tonnes per less steel scrap from residual slag via the RecCo-Marilyn concept. hour. Processing costs per tonne of slag depend * RNS (Recovery of Non-Ferrous Scrap) of Harderwijk in The largely on electricity and landfilling charges. ‘But Netherlands is s3R’s major shareholder. A specialist in the refin- we are convinced that the costs of our process are ing of non-ferrous metal and stainless steel into saleable base about 40% lower than those of a wet process,’ says metals for secondary smelters, the company is also a market Mr Groothoff. leader in the production and development of mobile eddy cur- Initially at least, S3R believes the most promis- rent and sensor equipment for recovering non-ferrous metals ing outlets for the RecCo-Marilyn process may lie in from waste flows. Eastern Europe and the Far East where there are * RecCo (Recycling Consultancy), also of Harderwijk, offers spe- large deposits of stainless steel slag. For marketing cialist know-how in the engineering and management of non-fer- purposes, the company has developed a fully-mobile rous and ferrous metals recovery from slag. * SSE (Separation System Engineering) of Wedel in Germany is a world leader in sensor-based non-ferrous sorting equipment. For more information: wwwS3R.nl

Recycling International • September 2005 31 BIR Autumn Round-Table Sessions Milan (23) 24-25 October 2005 Marriott Hotel

The international recycling community will next be gathering in Milan.

The Bureau of International Recycling is expect- Each Commodity Division and Committee (fer- ing over 600 participants from its 60 member rous, non ferrous, stainless steel & special alloys, countries for open discussions on the situation on paper, textiles, plastics and tyres) is in the the international markets, with obviously a spe- process of selecting guest speakers who will cial focus on China and its 'supply enterprise' comment on topical issues and explore subjects registration procedure. of interest for our members' businesses.

YES, we are interested in attending the BIR 2005 Round-Table Sessions:

Company ......

Name ...... Position ......

Address ......

......

Tel ...... Fax ......

E-mail ......

Please send or fax this coupon to the BIR Secretariat, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 24, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Tel: +32 2 627 57 70, Fax: +32 2 627 57 73, E-mail: [email protected] DRI/HBI

In 2004, global production of DRI production achieves HBI and DRI grew to nearly 55 million gross new record in 2004 tones.

Global production of direct reduced iron (DRI) grew by over 10% in 2004, with the total output of 54.6 million tonnes representing an increase of more than 5 million tonnes over 2003. As in the previous two years, the primary source of growth was increased capacity utilisation among existing plants.

Direct reduced iron (DRI) is a The remaining 3% was contributed ly remarkable. The country’s annual Driving force high-quality metallic product by other gas-based processes. production of DRI was lower than The driving force behind these gleaned from iron ore that is used as As in the previous two years, the 5.6 million tonnes as recently as production gains was a dramatic in- a feedstock in electric arc furnaces, primary source of growth was in- 2001 but the total sky-rocketed to crease in the value and price of blast furnaces, and other iron and creased capacity utilisation among nearly 9.4 million tonnes in 2004 - metallic iron, especially iron that is steelmaking applications. Hot bri- existing plants. For example, the an increase of 68% in only three low in residual metals such as cop- quetted iron (HBI) is a compacted Midrex plant at Qatar Steel was years. Compared to 2003, last year’s per, tin, nickel and molybdenum. In form of DRI designed for ease of built in 1978 as a 400 000 tonnes- production showed an increase of 1.7 early December 2001, the price quot- shipping, handling and storage. per-annum facility and yet produced million tonnes or 22%. ed by American Metal Market for No For the twenty-sixth consecutive over 830 000 tonnes in 2004. The Other countries recording strong 1 Factory Bundles in Pittsburgh was year, Midrex direct reduction plants only country in which new capacity increases were: Venezuela, which pro- as low as US$ 92.50 per gross tonne represented a large proportion - 35 was brought on stream was India, duced 7.8 million tonnes or 900 000 delivered; some 35 months later in million tonnes or 64% - of world out- where a gas-based Midrex plant was tonnes more than in 2003; Iran, whose November 2004, that price had risen put; from another perspective, this commissioned by Essar Steel and production grew by 800 000 tonnes to five-fold to US$ 463 per gross tonne. was equivalent to 73% of all gas- where numerous small coal-based 6.4 million tonnes; and Canada, whose These phenomenally higher prices based DRI. HyL processes made up plants also began operation. output jumped by more than 500 000 provided a powerful incentive for all nearly 21% of world production while tonnes as the Ispat Sidbec I Midrex existing iron-making facilities to op- various coal-based processes came Strong growth in India Module was returned to operation. erate at absolute maximum rates and next with a combined share of 12%. The growth in India has been tru- Other countries whose production also prompted new capacity to be con- leapt by over 200 000 tonnes last year tracted for additional iron making. include Indonesia, Russia and Libya. For the first time in over five years, a 2004 World DRI Production by Region (Mt) 19.01 The only country to experience a sig- significant number of orders have 2003 2004 nificant decline in output was Aus- been placed for new direct reduction 15.25 Latin America 17.02 19.01 tralia where the BHP Billiton Finmet plants which are expected to be com- 13.68 (including Mexico) Middle East/North Africa 13.89 15.25 Plant at Port Hedland ceased opera- missioned between 2006 and 2008 Asia/Oceania 12.80 13.68 Former USSR/Eastern Europe 2.91 3.14 tion in May to cut the country’s DRI and which should allow for continued Sub-Saharan Africa 1.54 1.63 production from 1.95 million tonnes in rapid increases in DRI production North America 0.71 1.27 (US & Canada) 2003 to only 693 000 tonnes in 2004. over the next few years. Western Europe 0.59 0.61 Source: Midrex Technologies, Inc. 3.14 ‘2004 World Direct Reduction Statistics’ is compiled by Midrex 1.63 1.27 0.61 Technologies, Inc. of Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. The company Latin Middle Asia/ Former USSR/ Sub- Western North compiles world DRI production data on an annual basis as a service to America East/ Oceania Eastern Saharan Europe America industry. (including Mexico) N. Africa Europe Africa (US & Canada) Midrex Technologies is an international process engineering and technology company that provides global process technology solutions to various industries and is principally known for the Midrex Direct World DRI Production by Year (Mt) 54.6 Mt Reduction Process that converts iron ore into a high-purity DRI or HBI Year Total Year Total Year Total Year Total for use in steelmaking, iron-making and foundry applications. 1970 0.79 1980 7.14 1990 17.68 2000 43.78 '71 0.95 '81 7.92 '91 19.32 '01 40.32 '72 1.39 '82 7.28 '92 20.51 '02 45.08 For more information or general comments, e-mail: [email protected] '73 1.90 '83 7.90 '93 23.65 '03 49.45 '74 2.72 '84 9.34 '94 27.37 '04 54.60 The complete text can be downloaded from Midrex’s website at: '75 2.81 '85 11.17 '95 30.67 '76 3.02 '86 12.53 '96 33.30 www.midrex.com '77 3.52 '87 13.52 '97 36.19 '78 5.00 '88 14.09 '98 36.96 '79 6.64 '89 15.63 '99 38.60 Source: Midrex Technologies, Inc.

0.8 Mt '70 '04

33 MARKET ANALYSIS

Ferrous

Closed: September 5 2005

By Alfred Nijkerk

The market takes off again, but for how long? US$ 250 per tonne fob East Coast amid stronger signs of a supply shortage in both the East Coast and Mid Panic buying by mills in Europe and the USA - although not in the Far East - has driven up West areas. Parcels of 80/20 scrap prices to levels not too far short of the November 2004 peaks. Although in the interests of have been sold to Turkey for US$ 280 per tonne cfr - not too far short of the neither the steel producers nor, in the longer term, the scrap trade, mills have been falling peak prices of US$ 290-300 per tonne cfr witnessed in November 2004. over each other to obtain scrap in order to replenish their stocks. Ocean freight rates had Unusually, roughly the same fallen markedly in July but are now rising rapidly again in the run-up to the grain season. In amount - but no more - can be obtained on the US West Coast for de- early September, fob Rotterdam prices stood at US$ 250 per tonne for 80/20 HMS I/II, liveries to South Korea, with a similar ocean freight rate of a meagre US$ 255 for shredded and US$ 240 for the 60/40 mix. US$ 40 per tonne. The same country was paying a delivered price of US$ To date, the buoyant scrap mar- gust shipment and to US$ 295 for of all grades of scrap. In effect, deliv- 230-260 for 80/20 scrap in August ket conditions of August have shown September. ered US mill prices are heading to- and may increase the level to US$ no signs of letting up against a back- Since mid-August, high grades of wards US$ 300 per tonne for heavy 250-280 in September. drop of supply tightness. The US scrap have sold at ever-increasing scrap grades such as plate and struc- Large and rapid price increases Composite Price - the average week- prices, as if serving as an advance tural, No 1 bundles and bushelings. are unnecessary and will inevitably ly quotation of No 1 scrap prices de- indicator for the whole ferrous scrap Mittal Steel and Nucor already ap- lead to a price collapse in the fourth livered Chicago, Philadelphia and market. The main explanation is pear committed to paying close to quarter resembling the one experi- Pittsburgh - rose from US$ 157.67 at firming deep-sea trade, largely due US$ 300 per tonne for assured scrap enced in the early part of 2005. the end of July to over US$ 190 by to Turkish buyers who have been supplies when faced with pig iron mid-August, before ending the booking cargoes from European and price increases of some US$ 40-50 per Rising freight rates month at US$ 199.33. In early Sep- US ports since early July, a move tonne. All this will undoubtedly lead Ocean freight rates suffered a tember, the Composite Price stood at said to be due in part to unreliable to renewed raw material surcharge marked decline in July to around US$ 203.17. Black Sea deliveries. The USA has systems for new steel; Mittal has al- US$ 10 per tonne below those pre- The domestic US ferrous scrap even resumed importing scrap, ready announced that a US$ 97 per vailing in the second quarter. They market made substantial gains after Most market sources expect Sep- short ton surcharge will take effect fell to as much as US$ 30 per tonne release prices of auto factory bun- tember to produce an upswing of at from this month. for US West Coast to Asia, and to dles surged to over US$ 200 for Au- least US$ 40 per tonne in sales prices US export prices have moved to US$ 20-25 per tonne for US East

Recycling International • September 2005 34 MARKET ANALYSIS

Coast to Turkey and Southern Competing commodities Europe. Pig and sponge iron prices are However, freight rates have quick- heading north again after spending ly gathered upward momentum nearly two quarters at lower levels, since early August with the predict- although pig iron recovered some- ed autumn upturn arriving earlier what earlier than HBI and DRI. Pig than expected. The Baltic freight in- iron prices had been hovering below dex jumped by no less than 46% last the US$ 230 mark for some months, month due to the approach of the but a sudden surge sees them now at Northern hemisphere grain harvest US$ 245 and above fob Brazil and which traditionally bolsters demand other exporting countries. Last for ships in September. Once again, month, for example, Posco of South the effect has been felt earlier than Korea bought pig iron for September anticipated this year. Indeed, scrap delivery at US$ 270 cfr. HBI prices exporters will have to battle to obtain as low as US$ 155 per tonne fob were ships during the forthcoming grain still prevailing in July but these have refused to drop their pig iron prices 3.1% over the same period, CIS out- season, which will affect exports not since recovered to around US$ 215 any further and even idled their fur- put dipped 1.9%, and North Ameri- only of grain but also of scrap, for in- from Venezuela and other countries. naces on the grounds that sales can production fell by 3.6%, includ- stance, from Russia and the Ukraine However, DRI remains weak and is around or below US$ 200 fob would ing a decrease of 4.7% in the USA. to ports on the Mediterranean. hovering around US$ 200. only lose them money. They pointed Widespread fears of over-produc- Prior to the first week of August, Importing mini-mills in the USA to historically-high iron ore prices tion have been exacerbated by the exporters from Rotterdam, Antwerp, are unlikely to repeat their mistake which have risen 71% this year - a 28.1% growth seen in China during Northern Germany and ports in the of 2004 when they waited too long situation exacerbated by sky-high the first seven months of 2005. UK saw freight rates to Turkey fall and finally had to buy large ton- coking coal and oil prices. Crude steel capacity in this country well below the previous rate of US$ nages of pig iron at US$ 300 cfr New Strangely enough, many mini- currently stands at 419 million 20 per tonne; a few ships were Orleans. They are still trying to get mills did not appreciate in good time tonnes per annum but may soon ap- booked at US$ 17-18 per tonne for rid of those high-priced stocks by that pig iron prices had bottomed proach 500 million tonnes. Spain, Italy and even Turkey. How- mixing them with cheaper pig out. Given that many did not jump At least the trend in the world ever, rates are expected to rebound bought earlier this year. However, into the market at that point, one steel market remains positive. For for September to the earlier level of some mini-mills never seem to learn might question whether mini-mills the first time in a year, China was between US$ 20 and 25 per tonne. lessons from the past and were have the right advisors (or read this once again a net importer of steel in High and rising freight rates tradi- again too late in replenishing their magazine!). Then, perhaps, they July - albeit by a meagre 600 000 tionally influence shipbreaking activi- stocks in the second quarter of this would not have been so surprised. tonnes. This, combined with the ties; this year to date, only one super- year when the price had dropped by Many steel mills contended that weak global economy, is seen as the tanker (VLCC) has been scrapped, nearly US$ 100 per tonne. Clearly, this year’s 71% iron ore price in- main reason behind the unexpected whereas forthcoming measures to ban they were gambling that the pig crease was far too steep and that collapse of new steel prices in the all single-hull tankers will necessitate price would fall further. some sort of reaction would not be first two quarters of this year, which increased demolition. In July/August, Brazilian mills long in coming. In fact, prices for in turn dragged down scrap prices. spot material (most iron ore is However, this year’s fall in steel bought on one-year contracts) prices may have come to an end, ac- dropped in June to US$ 55-57 per cording to steel mills and stockhold- tonne for delivery to China. But in ers. Sheet prices in North America August, spot prices for the Indian appear to have gone up by US$ 20- 63% Fe quality improved again to 60 per short ton for September de- more than US$ 70 per tonne. liveries depending on the mill and the product, and these are predicted Steel to rise again in October. A draw- Figures from the International down in inventories supported these Iron and Steel Institute show an in- increases, even though pricing crease in global crude steel produc- trends for the fourth quarter are tion of 6.9% in the first seven weak or, at best, flat. months of this year. The statistics In the USA, hot rolled sheet also confirm that this growth de- prices are now between US$ 500 and pended entirely on China: the coun- 550 per tonne for September deliv- try’s production reached 194 million eries, up from as little as US$ 470- tonnes in January-July this year, an 505 per tonne for August. Fob cold increase of 42 million tonnes, where- rolled coil prices are also rising on as the worldwide total advanced by the back of renewed raw material just 41 million tonnes to 636 million surcharges prompted by the recent tonnes. Steel production in the en- increase in scrap prices. In the USA, larged EU of 25 nations declined by these surcharges were skipped for

Recycling International • September 2005 35 The Art of Compacting

Z.I. de Kerpont - B.P. 328 - 56603 LANESTER CEDEX - FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0) 2 97 76 26 44 - Fax: +33 (0) 2 97 76 34 12 - E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.copex.fr MARKET ANALYSIS

July and August deliveries but are may provide a boost. Nucor effective- Meanwhile, Turkey’s construction portunity to build up winter stocks. now back in play as inventories ap- ly raised merchant bar prices by sector is booming with help from There are also worries that Russian pear to be at their lowest levels since US$ 50 per tonne for deliveries from favourable interest rates, resulting and Ukrainian exports will not pick January. September 1. Competing mini-mills in a reduction in long steel exports. up in the short term due to improved The long steel market has the were quick to follow this industry domestic demand and a lack of ships most influence on scrap prices but leader as there is the possibility of a Conclusions given the arrival of the grain season. this is still showing few signs of re- further scrap-based increase for Oc- The scrap market is currently Nevertheless, the current high covery. Merchant bar and beam tober shipments. strong with 80/20 prices standing at prices for scrap are very real when prices are expected to remain at cur- In Belgium, export prices US$ 250 fob Rotterdam in the early seen in the context of improved levels rent levels given that there has been strengthened somewhat during Au- days of September. There is con- for pig iron and HBI. There are other no obvious increase in either supply gust despite the holiday season. Op- cern, however, that current price positive signs too, such as a possible or demand. timistic traders regarded as a posi- levels are supported only by a tem- reversal of the downward trend in The US merchant bar market is tive sign the fact that rebar and de- porary shortage, created by steel steel prices, rising ocean freight rates rather flat but higher raw material bar prices increased by around US$ mills fearing even higher prices and and more optimistic views on global costs and lower import penetration 10 per tonne in China last month. not wanting to miss out on the op- economic prospects.

Ferrous Scrap Prices (Reference date: August 31, 2005)

260 270 252.83 265 250 249.17 260 250 240 242.33 250 240 Highest price 230 240 250 225.83 235 225 240 220 230 214.50 235 210 220 220 209.50 210 210 225 199.9 200 193.17 210 205 205 205 200.50 197.35 200 190 195.33 200 200 200 200 200 195 180 190 195 Lowest price 170 180 168.33

160 157.67 170 165

150 160 150 155 140 150 USA Domestic Scrap Prices (US$/GRT) 130 140 145 HMS 1 heavy steel scrap (1/4 Inch) Fob Rotterdam Export Prices (US$/t) 120 composite price delivered at mills 130 HMS 80/20 heavy steel scrap 120 110 120 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Aug Sep NovOct Dec Jan Feb AprMar May Jun July Aug

270 271.8 270 270 270 270.8 260 260 Fob West 257.4 250 Coast price 253.4 250 255 255 250 257.1 255 239.6 240 240 244.6 235 235 230 235 230 230 230 230 230 220 220 220 214.3 220 210 210 205 185 207.4 200 205 205 200 200 200 200 190 190 184.3 180 Fob East 190 180 Coast price

170 170 169.2

160 160 159 160 160 150 150

140 140 USA Export Prices (US$/GRT) 140 * Average German Scrap Prices (€/t) 130 HMS 1, heavy steel scrap (1/4 Inch) 130 S2 / E2, steel scrap (3 mm) Delivered at mills 127,7 120 120 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Aug Sep NovOct Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug

Recycling International • September 2005 37 MARKET ANALYSIS

Nickel & Stainless

Closed: September 1 2005

By Alfred Nijkerk et al

Contrasting fortunes

‘Dull but not dead’ is how one leading producer described US$ 2080. The ferritic 430 (17% Cr) traders, European demand was weak price was around US$ 320 per tonne in August both for primary nickel and the stainless steel market this month. Falling prices have – down US$ 90 compared to May – for alloyed scrap, thus leaving the impacted on the scrap sector although merchants have while 409 (13% Cr) was around US$ market in balance despite scrap re- 280. maining in short supply. been reluctant to part with their stocks at these low levels. Special alloys However, early September scrap prices were already up Somewhat surprisingly, most of again by US$ 100 per tonne when compared to August. In the noble metals - including molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten - contrast, special alloy prices have risen during August. posted price increases during the second half of August. Ferro-molyb- During the third quarter of 2005, currently worse and merchants are denum prices rose to US$ 77 per kg nickel prices have fluctuated between clearly unwilling to dispose of their while ferro-titanium reached US$ US$ 14 000 and US$ 15 000 per tonne stainless steel scrap stocks at the late- 24-25 per kg for the first time in al- whereas stainless steel prices have August price level of below US$ 1400 most six months. In January, prices suffered dramatic falls. This is a sur- per tonne. Leading traders such as had been at US$ 14 per kg. Mean- prising development given that in- the ‘big three’ in Europe – ELG, while, ferro-tungsten is yielding be- warehouse nickel stocks have dipped Cronimet/Cronifer and Capricorn – tween US$ 25 and US$ 30 per kg and to around 8000 tonnes; that said, have experienced quiet conditions this cobalt prices had risen to US$ 17 per Russian stocks undoubtedly exceed summer. Their only hope is for a pick- lb by the end of August. Titanium this figure by some margin, but the up in the last quarter once everybody scrap prices were at US$ 4.50 per lb country’s producers prefer to keep the has returned from their summer holi- delivered and high speed 6/5/2 scrap actual numbers to themselves. days which, during a poor market, solids jumped above US$ 3 per kg. Within the European Union, flat can often be extended. rolled stainless steel mills are hop- On September 5, the Rotterdam Europe ing that base prices will fall no fur- 18/8 (304) scrap price stood at a still ther, with one mill describing the meagre US$ 1420 per tonne, US$ 200 After a dip in the nickel market market as ‘dull but not dead’. lower than the May level. Mean- during the early summer, prices have The position of the scrap market is while, the 316 (18/10/2) price was at firmed again of late. According to

Recycling International • September 2005 38 MARKET ANALYSIS

In Germany, nickel cathode prices have risen by around US$ 300 to trade recently at US$ 14 984 whereas alloyed scrap prices have suffered a slight fall. In France, INOX 18/8 nickel scrap was recently yielding around US$ 1400 and INOX 316 scrap some US$ 1940.

Asia & Pacific Rim An increase in LME nickel prices during the last weeks of August boosted stainless steel scrap prices throughout the region. Additionally, lower inventories and better market conditions have improved prices in Europe, and this development is sup- porting prices in Asia too. There has been an increase in Sabot (17/7 stainless steel scrap) prices in the Far East and, while prices in India are lagging a little way behind, the market in China has picked up of late. that US stainless steel scrap exports shipments to Finland, Taiwan and from 827 553 tonnes to a shade un- were 16% higher in the first half of China recorded increases. It should der 1.062 million tonnes. this year compared to the corre- be noted that the US Institute of The International Nickel Study North America sponding period of 2004, with the to- Scrap Recycling Industries has Group has pointed to a global nickel The domestic stainless steel mar- tal increasing from 255 893 tonnes queried the official stainless steel market surplus of around 10 000 ket has witnessed few major to 296 431 tonnes. US scrap exports scrap export figure to Mexico. Also tonnes in the first half of 2005. How- changes over recent weeks. On the to Korea were lower than in the cor- in the first half of 2005, US alloy ever, August ended with talk of pos- export front, latest figures suggest responding period last year, but steel shipments increased by 28% sible strike action at Inco.

Industrias Hidráulicas s.a.

High Density Baling Press GC-S-800 Polígono Malpica, c/ E, 54-55 Guillotine Scrap Shears up to P.O. Box 662 50.080 ZARAGOZA (Spain) 2000 Tons cutting force Tel. + 34 - 976 - 57 34 10 Pre-Compression versions: Fax. + 34 - 976 - 57 23 54 - Tuck and Fold E-mail:[email protected] - Parallel Side Compression - Angle adjustable Side Compression Solutions for all your specific needs

Shear-Balers, two and three- compression scrap balers, High production and high density balers Mobile and Portable balers, Loggers, Mobile and Portable Shear-Balers Alligator shears, Waste paper balers and Shredders. Mobile Scrap Shear-Baler H-S-630-A MARKET ANALYSIS

Lead & Zinc Non-Ferrous Lead prices remained at high levels last month with the LME three- month quotation rising from US$ 832 to US$ 873. In Europe, the metal remains in short supply and processors have been barely able to benefit from the worldwide increase in stocks. Since the situation remains uncertain, many lead smelters have been ordering solely for the short term. One major lead smelter has said that he does not expect lead prices to fall but, by the same token, he is anticipating no substantial increase before the end of the year. In Germany, lead prices have been fluctuating within a narrow band. Recently, new soft lead prices rose slightly to US$ 1099 while soft lead scrap (Paket) edged lower to High prices impact on buying patterns US$ 745. In the UK, soft lead scrap was recently trading at US$ 507- In Europe, the metal markets have continued to mirror the um scrap has been trading at around 525; meanwhile in France, old lead US$ 1918 of late and first-quality scrap has been yielding US$ 688 and general raw materials boom such that processors have old rolled at US$ 1218. soft lead scrap US$ 706. ordered only against their immediate needs. The summer Zinc prices have shown consider- Copper able improvement of late with LME lull in North America has been punctuated by the industrial The red metal has continued to three-month prices advancing from dispute at Teck Cominco’s lead and zinc smelter in British surprise observers by posting fur- US$ 1207 to US$ 1363. Meanwhile, ther record-high levels on the LME. stocks in LME licensed warehouse Columbia, and by news that the Chinese have re-opened According to traders, the recent rise have continued to fall. licence application procedures for prospective overseas in LME stocks was partly responsi- Given these rising prices, Eu- ble for halting copper’s upward rope’s zinc processors have been suppliers of scrap and other recyclables. trend - at least temporarily. That playing a wait-and-see game and said, prices remain at high levels. have ordered only against their im- Market experts disagree as to mediate needs. The fundamentals of Closed: September 1 2005 whether the current high price lev- the zinc market are generally rated els are a consequence of sound mar- as positive: according to one Euro- Europe ket fundamentals or of speculative pean trader, zinc has been underval- hedge fund activity. While demand ued in the past few years and prices Processors continue to toil for copper cathodes remains strong, are likely to rise during the remain- the copper scrap market has been der of 2005 when consumption Aluminium takeover of the operation. largely quiet. Copper granules have would appear set to strengthen. Aluminium demand has re- German aluminium prices have been in short supply and, as a result, Zinc scrap remained in short sup- mained stable, scrap continues to be followed the upward trend estab- smelters are being forced to use ply during last month. The closure in short supply, and processing in- lished on the LME. Primary alu- cathodes rather than granules in of German secondary zinc smelter dustries are witnessing an on-going minium 99.7 has risen from US$ their production. Duisburger Zinkhütte Sudamin deterioration in business conditions, 1992 to US$ 2016, while aluminium In Germany, prices of bright wire MHD has so far had no impact on not least because of rising energy wire scrap (Achse) has gone up by scrap (Kabul) have risen from US$ the market - an indication, perhaps, and crude oil prices. Indeed, several some US$ 100 to US$ 1813. Alu- 3289 to US$ 3510, while copper that there are sufficient alternative aluminium producers are said to be minium turnings (Autor) have been granules 1a (Kasus) have jumped sources of material. facing bankruptcy. stable at around US$ 1190. In the more than US$ 200 to trade recently In Germany, high-grade zinc prices However, there appears to be some UK, commercial pure cuttings were at US$ 3571. In the UK, No 1 Bright have risen of late from US$ 1334 to renewed hope for the Hamburger recently yielding US$ 1340-1412, Wire (ordinary) stood recently at US$ 1471, while old zinc scrap was re- Aluminium Werke smelter in Ger- while mixed alloy/old rolled cuttings US$ 2431-2485 and copper granules cently trading at US$ 891 - some US$ many which had been on the verge of were trading recently at US$ 996- 98% at US$ 3096-3186. In France, 100 higher than four weeks earlier. In closing down: Norway’s Norsk Hydro 1032 and commercial turnings at bright wire scrap prices were recent- France, old zinc alloyed scrap was re- has announced that, given certain US$ 887-896. Prices have also been ly at US$ 3532 and mixed scrap at cently fetching US$ 865 and hard conditions, it is prepared to consider a solid in France: new pure alumini- US$ 3136. spelter zinc US$ 895.

Recycling International • September 2005 40 MARKET ANALYSIS

Asia & Pacific Rim for lead and zinc concentrates re- zinc posted a year-on-year increase of main high. around 40% to give a total of 142 000 Renewed copper purchasing While Chinese imports of lead con- tonnes. Demand for zinc alloys such centrates increased by more than 20% as Zamac has also been very strong Aluminium given customers sufficient confi- during the first half of 2005, exports of throughout the region and premiums During the first half of 2005, Chi- dence to resume their purchasing ac- refined lead increased by only 1.4% for these grades have increased by na’s electrolytic aluminium produc- tivities. With copper trading at his- over the same period. Also in January- around US$ 30-50 per tonne during tion reached 3.69 million tonnes - an toric highs, spreads for high-grade June 2005, Chinese imports of refined the course of the last month. increase of around 16.6% compared copper scrap have widened signifi- to the same period last year. High cantly and current discounts for spot Copper LME and international primary alu- sales have increased to more than 500 3800 minium prices have kept refined US$ 100 per tonne below cash LME Chinese exports at elevated levels levels. Fundamentals remain rea- despite recent duty changes. sonably sound and new demand for 400 3600 In June this year, refined alumini- high-grade scrap has been noted um exports reached 121 000 tonnes from non-traditional markets. 300 3400 to take the first-half total to some Discounts for Birch/Cliff and oth- 708 000 tonnes, equivalent to a year- er forms of No 2 copper scrap, on the on-year increase of around 40%. At other hand, have remained stable at 200 3200 the same time, scrap imports into between 85 and 90% to cash LME. x 1000 metric tonnes) China have also remained very Southern China has been the largest strong. During June 2005, alumini- importer of No 2 copper scrap due to 100 3000 LME stocks ( um scrap imports into China were advantageous duties, although there LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) around 156 000 tonnes, taking the has also been good demand from oth- 0 2800 first-half 2005 total to some 769 000 er parts of China. Demand is reason- AUGSEPTOCT NOV DEC JAN FEBRAPR JUNE AUG SEPT tonnes - a year-on-year increase of able elsewhere in the region, but at 82%. lower prices. These imports have centred Although brass scrap prices ap- Nickel around grades such as floated alu- peared to hit a ceiling a few weeks 50 17.000 minium and Zorba, destined mainly ago, demand in eastern China has for South China where prices and de- increased sharply and prices have 40 16.000 mand remain strong. Of late, demand rebounded strongly. Demand for for other forms of higher-grade alu- other grades of brass scrap such as minium scrap and extrusions has Night has also been steady in the 30 15.000 changed little in China and else- Far East but prices have been more where in Asia, although discounts realistic than the Honey prices pre- 20 14.000 have widened to reflect higher LME vailing in China. x 1000 metric tonnes) prices. Prices and demand for sec- Following a quiet period, demand ondary grade aluminium scrap have and prices for brass scrap in India 10 13.000 remained sluggish due to lower prices have been bolstered by the confi- LME stocks ( LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) for secondary aluminium ingots both dence that has come from renewed in the domestic and export markets. buying in China. During the first 0 12.000 half of 2005, Chinese copper produc- AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEBR APR JUNE AUG SEPT Copper tion increased by some 21% to Sustained high copper prices on around 1.2 million tonnes, while cop- Lead the terminal markets appear to have per scrap imports increased by 34% 120 1100 during the first six months of the year to around 2.3 million tonnes. 100 1000 Lead & Zinc

In most parts of South East and 80 900 South Asia, demand for secondary lead has picked up strongly and premiums have increased by some US$ 60 800 x 1000 metric tonnes) 20-30 per tonne over the last month. Battery manufacturers seem to be enjoying good demand from the re- 40 700 LME stocks ( placement market as well as from LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) new vehicle production in some 20 600 countries. On-going production dis- AUGSEPTOCT NOV DEC JAN FEBRAPR JUNE AUG SEPT ruptions have ensured that prices

Recycling International • September 2005 41

Elretur is a non-profit-company which has been responsible for the returning system of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Norway since 1999. Elretur (owned by the national Trade Associations for household appliances and electronics) takes care of the logistics, treatment, information and management services on behalf of the owners.

Elretur operates a nation-wide collection, transportation and recycling system approved by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority within the frame of the national regulation of WEEE. The system provides a high level of service by collecting WEEE directly from distributors and municipalities. Consequently, in 2004 the system collected 56.875 tons, in average 12,2 kilos pr. capita, whereof 41.808 tons (76 %) as recycling and 5.589 tons (10 %) as energy recovery. In total Elretur reached a recovery rate of 86 %, and 11.386 tons (20 %) of hazardous waste and components were separated and treated by approved plants.

WEEE - COLLECTION AND TREATMENT SERVICES EXPRESSION OF INTEREST

Elretur hereby invites WEEE recycling companies to submit Expression of Interest for the following services/operations:

(1) Nation-wide transportation system collecting WEEE directly from distributors and municipalities (2) Treatment and recycling operations based on best available technology and local conditions (3) Handling/sales of hazardous waste/recovered fractions

The assignment also includes management and reporting into “Innstat”, which is Elreturs web-based reporting and monitoring system for types and amount of collected WEEE, output of material fractions and hazardous waste.

The nation-wide – covering contracts will be split by geographic regions, each comprising one or more main groups of WEEE. Bidders can bid for all or one specific region, but Elretur reserves its exclusive right to award the contracts as a package comprising all main groups for one or several regions. Bidders should also be aware that all services/operation listed in (1), (2) and (3) will always be a collective package of each contract.

All documents, including tendering and final contracts, will be written in Norwegian language.

The contract period will be 3 years with the options of 1+1 -year extensions. The contract will commence 01.07.2006.

All Expression of Interest must as a minimum include:

• Company Profile. Description of Company, ownership- and organizational structure • Financial statements. Annual reports for 2003, 2004 and the half-year report of 2005 • Professional capability and experience. Specific description of core business, competence, experiences and similar assignments • Resources and capacity. Available resources, operational staff and own equipment and technology for the assignment and potential co-operation with Norwegian partners • Project strategy and quality insurance. Overall plan for the project management and implementation. Description of controlling, operation and reporting routines and procedures

The Expression of Interest for the above assignment must be submitted in a sealed envelope clearly marked “Expression of Interest Elretur” before 26th September 2005 to:

Norsas AS, Grensevn. 88, P.O. Box 6412 Etterstad, N-0605 OSLO, Norway Attention: Mr. Harald A. Damhaug

Tel. No.: +47 21 00 92 70, email:[email protected]

MARKET ANALYSIS

North America got exports jumping 20% to 14 190 markets. As reported last month, the tonnes and UBCs by an astonishing strike has the potential to remove On-going strike action 288% to 6565 tonnes. from the marketplace a monthly tally of 25 000 tonnes of zinc and 7000 Aluminium UBCs were being quoted at 66.50 Copper tonnes of lead, although the compa- The summer months have been cents for September delivery. Worldwide, stocks of copper are ny said that it expected to maintain characterised by a decent availability Latest US statistics confirm a still considered to be at a critically supplies of both metals to customers of both primary metal and scrap. At massive increase in aluminium scrap low level despite recent deliveries throughout August. Domestic premi- the end of last month, secondary exports in the first half of this year. into LME, Comex and Shanghai ums have not altered of late but ob- smelters were eyeing delivered prices The shipment total of 504 893 tonnes warehouses, with analysts also servers suspect that a prolongation of of 53 cents for old sheet and 54 cents for the January-June period was a claiming that there is no evidence of the dispute will push up special high for cast, while both turnings and sid- full 68% higher than the 300 246 a build-up of unreported copper grade prices. ing were at 56 cents. MLCs were hov- tonnes recorded in the first six stocks. However, the recent invento- Looking long term, analysts at ering around the 60 cents mark while months of 2004, with remelt scrap in- ry increases were sufficient to push Macquarie Research suggest that a the copper market lower during the lack of new mining projects could last full week of August. push the cash price of zinc far closer Aluminium Leading copper producer Phelps to 70 cents per pound by the latter 1300 1900 Dodge has suggested that the mar- stages of next year. By contrast, a ket will post a deficit of 150 000 number of leading analysts believe

1100 1800 tonnes for 2005 as a whole, thereby that lead prices may come under sig- prompting the company to predict a nificant pressure before too long on cash price average of at least US$ the back of an anticipated refined 900 1700 1.55 per lb for the third quarter of metal surplus in the second half of 2005. According to latest figures 2005. from the International Copper Study 700 1600 x 1000 metric tonnes) Group, the global red metal market was some 165 000 tonnes in deficit

500 1500 over the first five months of this LME stocks ( LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) year. Worldwide consumption of the metal was 2.9% lower than in Janu- 300 1400 ary-May 2004: the US total showed AUGSEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEBR APR JUNE AUG SEPT a decrease of 11.7% while consumption in China and Russia leapt by, Zinc respectively, 8.8% and 17.1%. Re- 1000 1400 duced offtake and consumer de- stocking have continued to be major factors in the domestic market. 900 1300 Meanwhile, the summer months have brought on-going supply tight-

800 1200 ness for both copper and brass scrap. On the export front, latest figures show that US exports of copper 700 1100 scrap fell by 8% in the first half of x 1000 metric tonnes) the year to 319 824 tonnes. Traders report that demand from the all-im- 1000 600 portant Chinese market has been LME stocks ( LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) Contributing to the somewhat more mooted over recent Non-Ferrous weeks. In this context, it has been 500 900 Metals Market Analysis: AUGSEPTOCT NOV DEC JAN FEBRAPR JUNE AUG SEPT announced that China’s State Gen- eral Administration for Quality Su- * Ralf Schmitz, German pervision, Inspection and Quaran- non-ferrous trade association tine (AQSIQ) is now accepting fresh VDM (Europe) applications for import licences from * Kumar Radhakrishnan, would-be overseas suppliers of non- General Manager, ferrous scrap and other recyclables. International Division of ■ Non-ferrous metal scrap, stainless, nickel scraps… Simsmetal Ltd, ■ Telecom relay, military and meter scraps Lead & Zinc ■ Cable, motors, transformer core, mixed metal scraps Australia (Asia & Pacific Rim) ■ HRC, CRG, GI/GL, PPGI, EG, CRGO, tinplate The industrial dispute at Teck * Ian Martin, Recycling ■ Dismantled silicon steel, secondary grade steel coil, offcut steel, reusable rail Cominco’s Trail smelter in British International’s Editorial ■ PET, HDPET, LDPET, PS, PVC, Nylon, ABS… Columbia, which began on July 19, is Consultant (North America) a key factor within the lead and zinc

43 MARKET ANALYSIS

Paper & Pulp

Closed: September 1 2005

Steady re-start after the holiday season

European consumers have been prepared to pay more for able from both Europe and the Far North America East. Stable prices for all grades the lower grades of recovered paper although they have Following a now-familiar trend, A quiet US market has witnessed faced competition from hungry Asian buyers. The US market increasing volumes of middle grades few major changes in recent weeks; are heading out to Far and Middle indeed, prices have remained largely appears to have achieved a reasonable balance with mills East destinations, and to India in unaltered throughout the summer particular. Demand from European months. Any incoming material is apparently content to buy insubstantial volumes. Meanwhile, mills has been relatively good, and finding a ready market, especially as imports into Indonesia, Thailand and Taiwan have been cut in from India very good. Market prices kerbside and other collection have been stable although genera- schemes have met with a seasonal response to high inventories of finished products and high tion of recycled fibre dipped during lull in volumes. The market has ar- the holiday season, leading to rived at some sort of balance; in gen- stocks of recovered paper. slightly higher prices for some eral, US mills are not actively pursu- grades. ing substantial tonnage, while some Europe from various Asian countries has A stable higher grades market on the West Coast have taken mar- Mills raise prices been good despite the high cost of has been characterised by lower vol- ket- or machine-related downtime. Although volumes of lower grades fuel and other charges. The US dol- umes entering merchant processors’ Stability is also apparent among have remained very low, there has lar was stable at a good level in Au- yards and, as a result, stock levels the woodfree de-inking grades and been a slow improvement in econom- gust. have sustained marked falls. Al- prices have remained largely static ic activity after the summer holiday Export prices for the de-inking though demand appears to have in- over recent weeks. period. European mills have raised grades of recovered paper have not creased in certain areas of the mar- Among the export markets, Chi- their prices significantly in order to slavishly followed European levels, ket, no price improvements have na is buying lower volumes than ear- attract sufficient material. Demand although demand has been reason- been noted as yet. lier this year. The Asian giant is still

Recycling International • September 2005 44 MARKET ANALYSIS

experiencing an over-supply of liner- Asia Pulp Market Trends board, although the larger mills Over-supply and high stocks have the ability and the money to Demand has been relatively good No pressure on spot levels withstand these poor business con- in South East Asia but countries like In Europe, spot prices of northern US$ 20 per tonne increase in China ditions. The global linerboard sector Indonesia, Thailand and Taiwan bleached softwood kraft pulp remain with effect from September 1. A remains in the doldrums and no im- have reduced their imports in re- unchanged at US$ 480-500 per tonne. range of prices has existed between provement is envisaged for some sponse to high inventories of finished Suppliers are reporting little activity the company’s acacia pulp and mixed months to come, especially in the products and high stocks of recov- in the market as most of their south- Indonesian hardwood. brown linerboard sector. ered paper. However, an increase in ern European customers took off the Global producer pulp deliveries In general, export markets have Chinese imports has filled the gap. month of August. There is no pres- plunged 9.3% from 3.162 million been stable and there have been no The middle and high grades of re- sure for spot levels to decrease de- tonnes in June to 2.867 million price changes for corrugated or news. covered paper have remained un- spite transaction prices having fallen tonnes in July. Shipments were down The Indian market has remained changed in price terms. from US$ 590-600 per tonne to US$ 1.3% from the year-earlier period. strong although freight rates repre- 580-590 per tonne at the end of July. Meanwhile, bleached softwood kraft sent a potential problem; these rates Suppliers believe the market may pulp shipments plummeted 12.4% Contributing to the were expected to rise by perhaps US$ have bottomed out, with some even month-on-month to 1.496 million Recovered Paper Market 70 to US$ 100 with effect from early suggesting that prices could increase tonnes, with northern bleached soft- Analysis: September. Furthermore, container within the next couple of months giv- wood kraft pulp down 8.6% to 892 000 availability remains very tight for In- * Dick de Groot (Van Gelder en an anticipated pick-up in paper tonnes. Bleached hardwood kraft dia and this shortage is not expected Recycling, The Netherlands) demand. pulp deliveries dropped 3.2% to 1.219 to ease in the near future. * Marielle Gommans The coated woodfree and mechani- million tonnes in July, with eucalyp- Based on current market condi- (Bel Fibres, Belgium) cal papers market is entering its tus falling 7.4% to 687 000 tonnes. tions, the last four months of 2005 * Steve Vento (Tidewater Fibre strongest time of the year, which Global producer pulp inventories are unlikely to provide much excite- Corp., USA) means a likely improvement in soft- shot up to 38 days’ supply in July ment in North America’s recovered * Dante Weyerman (CNC wood pulp consumption. Mechanical from 33 days in June, although the paper sector unless mill production Company, The Netherlands) grades are performing very well be- latest figure was identical to that sustains a significant improvement. cause the pipeline was almost emp- recorded in July 2004. Meanwhile, tied by the recent strike in Finland. from the month-on-month perspec- In Asia, several producers of tive, the shipment-to-capacity ratio northern bleached softwood kraft dived from 95% to 83%. pulp informed customers in the re- In sliding 7.3% in July, stocks of gion that they were planning to raise wood pulp at European ports prices with effect from September 1 dropped for the fourth consecutive until further notice. month. Inventories fell from 1.369 Pope & Talbot, Mercer Interna- million tonnes in June to 1.268 mil- tional and Parsons & Whittemore lion tonnes the following month to separately proposed US$ 20 per stand at their lowest level since April tonne increases for NBSK to China. 2003 when stocks were at 1.246 mil- All companies slated prices at lion tonnes. US$ 510 per tonne net CIF. The lat- Inventories declined at all of the est price increases follow an an- European ports surveyed in July: nouncement by Canfor of Canada of once again, the largest decrease in a US$ 20 per tonne increase through- percentage terms was seen in out Asia from September 1. Switzerland where stocks plunged by Mercer International, which has 44.3%, although this amounted to two NBSK mills in Germany, is now just 5435 tonnes in tonnage terms. marketing pulp from the former Cel- gar facility at Castlegar in British European paper mill order Columbia, which has a capacity of books for July: 430 000 tonnes per year. This acqui- Coated woodfree 12-15 days sition makes Mercer one of the Uncoated woodfree 9-14 days largest producers of NBSK pulp with Woodcontaining papers 7-17 days annual capacity of approximately 1.3 million tonnes. European pulp prices as from Demand in Asia increased during August 1 (per admt CIF): August, according to market experts, NBSK US$ 620 but contacts in China have cast doubt SBSK US$ 590 on whether a US$ 20 per tonne in- Radiata US$ 600 crease will be implemented in full. SMHW US$ 580 In the hardwood kraft sector, con- NMHW US$ 590 tacts suggest APRIL has slated a BEK US$ 600

Recycling International • September 2005 45 Specialists z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z Complete lineincludes: The pyrolysisprocessallowssignificantrecoveryofmate- For details onthissaleandallothercurrentsalespleasevisit Complete PyrolysisMetal Recycling Plant, 2000

FOR SALE rial fromshreddedresidueproducinglargequantitiesof Demineralisation wastertreatmentplant - RAFchimney - Servomexgasanalyser - Dahlmandustfilter - Stordy Flare Flare andFilters - RAFgasdryer - Askove gaswasher - RAFQuencher - Hobregasanalyser - Gasifier RAF gastreatment Idex delaquringrotary kiln,capacity 1200Kg/h BC BerlinPyrolysesDrum,capacity 650Kg/h 7 x125m3holdingsilos Rijn bulkcontainer unloadingstation www.goindustry.com By orderof Alcoa ofassets nolongerrequiredintheir For furtherinformationpleasecontact Andrew Molloy: Address: ferrous andnon-ferrousmaterialforrecycling Email: [email protected] our website:www.goindustry.com Location of Assets: Drunen,Holland On View: By Appointment ONLY YNEGOTIATED SALE BY eea: +31715160051 Telefax: +31 715160050 Telephone: 2311 GDLeiden,TheNetherlands Rapenburg 9, -al [email protected] W E-mail: who canmakethedifferenceforyou. world centerswithspecialisedpeople We have23associatedofﬁcesinkey unbleached pulp. and testlinerboard,bleached and woodcontainingpaper,kraft provides theindustrywithwoodfree New York,U.S.A.ourcompany Gottesman Inc.Established1886, associates CentralNational- In cooperationwithourAmerican Company B.V. Central National in pulpandpaper Tel bie www.cenaco.nl ebsite: : +44(0)2070983788, ongoing business Email: [email protected] Fax:+ 44(0)2070983795 T el: +44(0)2070983700 MARKET ANALYSIS

Textiles

Closed: September 1 2005

European warehouses start to fill

A piling-up of original material in European sorters’ ware- Europe many sorters can no longer cope with the country’s very high produc- houses over the last few weeks has coincided with an Following the end of the summer tion costs. As a result, it is often improvement in export orders from both Eastern Europe and holiday season in Europe, charitable more profitable for them to export and commercial collectors of used unsorted material from collections Africa. Europe’s textile recyclers are now hoping that there textiles are pinning their hopes on a direct to Africa rather than sorting recovery in demand for original ma- them first. However, this might lead will be a similar improvement in customers’ cash flow. terial because the latter weeks of to a situation whereby customers August brought a huge build-up of wanting sorted used clothing will material in sorters’ warehouses, look to suppliers elsewhere in Eu- thereby putting their operations un- rope for these grades. der increasing financial pressure. Prices of wiping cloths have been From the beginning of September, stable and supply/demand appears sorting companies will be striving to to be in balance, a situation which keep their operations running at full also applies to the recycling grades. capacity because of an anticipated Meanwhile, bed feathers are still en- boom in the coming weeks. joying very strong demand. Eastern European countries have begun to order large volumes of well- sorted, high-quality winter clothing. Demand from Africa has also shown signs of improvement with the start of the ‘high season’ for clothing sales. Young but experienced specialists in Demand is expected to increase still further in the coming weeks. Collecting and recycling of In general, market experts consider current market conditions for • Paper sorted used clothing as ‘better than last year’. • Board The industry is hoping that, given • Plastics this increasing demand, there will also be an improvement in cus- • Archives destruction tomers’ cash flow situation, notably among the key African countries. Contributing to the Used clothing from the UK has al- Textiles Market Analysis: ways attracted strong demand from * Günther Krippendorf, Bel Fibres SA Africa but supply has become very FWS/Alta West, Germany Rue de Monte en Peine 2 Phone (+32) 65.760.960 short during recent months because 7022 HYON Fax (+32) 65.760.965 Belgium E-mail belﬁ[email protected]

47 CLASSIFIED ADS

equipment

Own reparation workshop

round magnet drum magnet headroll magnet rectangular magnet overband magnet Guarantee: 24 months Ruhrorter Strasse 112, D-45478 Mülheim-Ruhr. Postfach 100837, D-45408 Mülheim-Ruhr, Tel. +49 208 423020 Fax +49 208 423780

Ask us when you look for: New (1992) Lefort Car Baler - portable Used machines: • Mobile, portable and stationary guillotine • Guillotine shear with 500 tons and 6 meter box, shears 420-1000 tonnes generator. Excellent! • Mobile car-, steel and metal scrap balers (1997) Bonfiglioli Car Baler - portable • Guillotine Lindemann 500 in good working condition. 60 x 80/50 x 25/60 x 30/40 x 40/30 x 30 bales • Lid baler, MBH, bale 30 x 30 cm. Box 1600 x 1000 mm. • Alligator shears 400 / 500 / 600 / 750 /mm blades (1998) Lefort 750T Shear - diesel • Lid balers, MBH, bales 40 x 40, 30 x 30 cm. • Cable strippers for plastic and armoured cable Box 1600 x 1000 mm. • Car flatteners, cable granulation plants (1999) Taurus TS652P Shear - static • Lid baler MOROS GCF/J 40, bale 40 x 40 cm. • Roll splitters for paper and aluminium • Metal baler JMCIntyre type 2035 NEW Akros 600T Shear - portable • MBH car flatteners with Deutz diesel engine • MBH hydr. alligators with 900 mm blades BJD 668 Hammermill & Spares • Lefort hydr. alligator C 750 with 750 mm blades • Cable granulation plants, 400 – 850 kg/h input • Cable strippers for pvc cable ELV DEPOLLUTION EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE NOW • Eldan super chopper • Eldan rasper 1200 MANY MORE MACHINES ON WEBSITE • Eldan cable granulation plant • UNTHA (960 x 700 mm) rotary shear with conveyor Tel: +44 (0) 8700 100 097 MBH Bronneberg & Jegerings BV • Vertical paper balers for stores etc. Fax: +44 (0) 121 313 2600 Phone: +31 492 591 900 [email protected] All machines in good condition!! Fax: +31 492 543 045 www.adrecyclingsolutions.com From stock NEW MBH CABLE STRIPPERS / Email: [email protected] MBH ALLIGATORS 400 – 500 - 600 Website: www.bronneberg.nl

SECOND-HAND MACHINERY FOR SALE Alan Ross Machinery Corp GRANULATORS FOR SALE North America’s largest inventory of used equipment for recycling and scrap processing. new and second hand, refurbished Balers, shredders, automobile shredders, magnets, eddy-current separators and more. drive motors 55 to 300 kw We buy used equipment worldwide. What surplus equipment do you have for sale? contact: via mail: [email protected]

Web: www.rossmach.com Email: [email protected] • Phone: +1 847.480.8900 (USA) via telephone: + 49 6226 932-130

REGULATOR - CETRISA Regulación de Motores, S.A.

YOUR BETTER CHOICE

Eddy Currents Separators Cans-Bricks Separators Stainless Steel Separators Overbelt Separators Drums Separators Rollers Separators

Ignacio Iglesias 117 - 119 TFN: +34 93 370 58 00 08820 EL PRAT DE LLOBREGAT FAX: +34 93 370 12 00 BARCELONA [email protected] SPAIN www.regulator-cetrisa.com

Recycling International • September 2005 48 CLASSIFIED ADS

machinery SPECIALIST INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING AND TRANSPORT MACHINERY AND PLANT UK EUROPE WORLDWIDE

TEL +44 (0)1206 501688 www.fastshipuk.com FAX +44 (0)1206 863432 [email protected]

For sale: ☞ original clothing ☞ sorted secondhand clothing ☞ original shoes ☞ also all grades of uncut wiping rags

Carl-Benz-Str. 24 – 77871 Renchen – Germany Phone: +49 7843 / 99169-20 Fax: +49 7843 / 99169-23 eMail: [email protected] Homepage: www.terec.de

Advertiser Index

A1 Specialized Services & Supplies 4 ISS 12 ATM Maschinenbau 8 JMC Recycling Systems 36 Bel Fibres 47 KIC International 45 BHS Sonthofen 7 Lefort 20 BIR 32 Ludlum Measurements 28 Calder Group 24 Metso Lindemann 52 C&G Taurus 51 Moros (Industrias Hidráulicas) 39 For advertisements Cheng Ho Hsing 10 MRS Greifer 28 please contact: Jan Willem Ypma CNC Network 46 Pollutec 2005 50 (Sales Manager) COPEX 36 Radcomm Europe 39 Deltax/Gensco 28 RecycleNet 46 P.O. Box 2098 Duesmann 14 RIISA 11 6802 CB Arnhem Elretur 42 SET International 43 The Netherlands Phone: +31 343.517.488 GoIndustry 46 SGM Gantry 14+36 Fax: +31 343.510.253 GTS 21 Sierra Europe Recycling 2 E-mail: ICM 12+29 Wright Engineers 14 [email protected] Innov-X 7

Recycling International • September 2005 49 The October issue of Recycling International will feature:

* Company profile - Sigma Metals Shanghai * Review of the UK’s RWM recycling exhibition IN THE * Supplier profile - Liebherr

Editorial closing date: * Tyres - the success story at Granuband NEXTSeptember ISSUE 23 2005 Contact Manfred Beck * Interview: BIR President Fernando Duranti phone: +31 26 3120-994 * SGM’s new generation of eddy current separators fax: +31 26 3120-630 * SGM’s new generation of eddy current separators e-mail: * Auto catalyst recycling in Europe [email protected] Extra Advertisement closing date: Additionalcirculation! copies of the October issue September 26 2005 And, of course, our regulars: Contact Jan-Willem Ypma of Recycling International will be * News * Product News phone: +31 343 517-488 * News * Product News on display at the: fax: +31 343 510-253 Autumn Round-Table Sessions * Magazine Round Up of the BIR world recycling organisation e-mail: [email protected] October 24-25, Marriott Hotel in Milan, Italy * In-depth Market Analyses covering If you want to get your World Recycling Shanghai 2005 - message across to more than ferrousferrous andand non-ferrousnon-ferrous metals,metals, International conference & exhibition 6000 leading recycling on cars, electronics & battery recycling paper and textiles * Viewpoint * companies in 110 countries paper and textiles * Viewpoint * November 8-11, Shanghai, China worldwide, then call/fax/ e-mail us about editorial features or advertising in the October 2005 issue of Recycling International.

29 NOVEMBER - 2 DECEMBER 2005 st INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EQUIPMENT, 21 TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES PARIS-NORD VILLEPINTE - FRANCE

Environment capital

: Le Cocotier Bleu. Combine development and the environment All you want to know about the show (electronic Located at the heart of France’s leading economic badge request, exhibitor list, conference region, the 21st Pollutec will attract over 40,000 programme, events, useful information,…), on managers and specifiers from industry and local www.pollutec.com authorities and those involved in the protection of the environment and sustainable development. Over 4 days, 1,400 eco exhibitors will present a unique international array of techniques and services for the prevention and treatment of pollution of all kinds. In association with : associés - +33 (0)1 41 38 85 53 01/05 1619 Crédit photo aressy

Lindemann www.metsominerals.com e-mail:[email protected] • fax:+49 (0)211 2105 - 376 • phone:+49- 0 (0)211 2105 •

hen the hen hen the hen D-40231 Düsseldorf,Germany

blade... blade...

W krather Straße 401 • Straße krather W Er •

takes to the takes takes to the takes

ade by Metso Lindemann. ade by

Lindemann LIS Lindemann Lindemann LIS Lindemann M Lindemann LIS Scrap Shears Lindemann LIS Scrap the new scrap shear series,the new scrap medium amounts, of small to the processing designed for pre-programmed into cut the scrap to of shearing force 630 tons on up to can rely sizes, piece. by piece per hour. 20 tons uniquely guided blade can handle up to The Metso Lindemann GmbH