SOCIALISM AND WAR SOCIALISM AND WAR
BY G. ZINOVIEV and V. I. LENIN
INmRNATIONAt PuBmHEIH NEW YO= 5 0. ~PAam~~ ..A b i'PamBrwa~l~f0~0F1905 7. Bs.smlr 8. -rao~hAm k ~T*sraoa.ra~Fnmm~~mO~~rmou 10. T# dP1Dr. CON-= IL Taa; THUEL~~~CAT AS^ rn How To FbeElr h ES wu.rae Bwrawns hm STAYS Po-? IS.OlrmcEvsoF~ 14 ST- llrtr Rmo~trmo~ I5.~~~arsrsTmorcAPm~
In Prcp~& w CQ~:Aw IIIrAnTm Dm- EmmIclb hmm- -O=K Am THE R~~EADxmU%SKf WoTA~CB OF TEE ~.DEHoQ~~~m PB]L Dzuommc Rmotrno~ TgC Nm*c Qumzon mFmmF~m-~ . , p. . ~S~~MP.* . .
OF 3WUBM Am TBS WM OP l$U&lP% ;, OfSocialitato~W~ . . 9 ~ofWarkh~ofMod!mt~.. '3 .. U 'Writ mmng dm S1awBoIdem fa&e Wm . ~and~of~verp,18 --,?ai b Folh camthd olh (k,PdIs1 .- Mem$* ...... f4 .~e.of~.1.. . l5 .*..l5 r -Whtlehid-Chatl~*l,, . • - 16 '-lmsBasr~Mdf~. , . . , a. 11 A FdseRefmm~ta+db*.. ..17 1 &~pof~~~d.. l9 - phion...... I9 ~whhtbOppo~banAn~$dfhp Wdmwith %la'NatfaPal Bourguo* d clam...... m . .$antd+l...... 2l IhSIogan of Mmxb ,bdm Slogan of hlfgnm- aryQd-]Dam~ ...... 2# ~1eufF~in~~.. rn ~ofnr~~.6 . . 33
war ..**.****. H< 1 ~~~F~SI~..... *, s . ~PfNakteW~.... .S -- 3-- - 7-&----<.- - 4 n. ~~~cDP~W~. . . .na ThaBoqdhandthaWtrr...... 27 %Working Clam adthe War . . . . 2B % ksia~~Sd-Watio Wu1: Fraction in h Imperial Duma and the War . . . . . 30 TkB -uCTIOH OF THE ?~TIOBU. MktW of tha Social-Chrtu* and of the "Cmtre'' 34 strta of Mhin the OppoAtion . . . . 36 The RWSdl-Demdc Uour Party and tho Third International ...... S¶
Hummy OF TEE SPLIT,MD THE PB&SEHT Com~rnoa OF So~Drn~~m Russu . . . .4I# Tha Ecot~omistaand the Old Isha (18941903) . . 41 Memsheviam and Bolahevim (1903-1908) , . . 42 bbxh and Liquidationism (19081914) . . . 43 Bdarxiam and hiitl-~~(1914-1915) . . 44 'Ws Present State of Maha in Rdan I)amocracy...... 45 ThofOur Paay ...... 47 L FOREWORD TO FIRST FOREIGN mmoa *warhanbtmgoiqgonforaywu. hpartyddbm af the Cantral Committae written in SeptembrI 1914 d db ittothe~aICommittee~luldths~~ of our party in Rush, and obtaining thsir it, November 1,1914, in No. 33 of the Cdxd OEgas of b pay, dm S&Demok* k,in No. 40 (Mntob 2% @h3) there wem pubWd the ddonsof tke Berne War- &kwhich q- mom prddyow prindplee and our -** ' 'Ihasla.tp~edemtiuRnuL.agmriDgmlutiomry~ mnongthe-. faothercom~~maFso~of fienomanon, notwithding tba of the rn tendmck of ths proletariat by a majority of tbs &&I parh, which hsva taken the side of their gamm. ~agddreibowgeoiakThisatatsof&aira~itpartictE -t to publish a pmphht Plrhieh Sd- ~atictmctiminmIationtothswar. XnxspriDtinghfuli~ partyd~~~hswempplied~withJmM mREwORD TO SECOND mmON
fIHE pamphlet was written in the nummm of I915 an the ~svsofh7' Id Conference. It also appeared in Ger- m and French, end waa rcprintd in full in the No- w in tbe orgm of the Norwegian Social-Democratic Youth. Ths German edition of the pamphlet waa illegally transpoxted into Gsrmarry, to Berlin, hip*, B- and other cities, where it wan dbibed by the 8dhuents of ?he bmerwald L$t and Kad Liebkmh'a group. The French edition' was illegally printed in Paria and distributed there by the French ZhnurwaIdieEe. Tha Rnmb edition reached Russia in a very limitad nuder of copies, and waa handsopied by Moscow workas. We now reprint the pamphlet in full, aar a document The reader mnut remember that the pamphlet waa written in August, 1915. It is particularly ~eceaearyto remembm thie in connection with the paamp dealing with Russia. Ruasia hm was still tsarist, Roma- nov R&.* Thi* Fodwma written for tha &rat h& edition of the pmpblct pwb- lzlaba in W in 191s by ths P& hk-E& SOCUlWSBd Am WAR - CwPTERI ~~OFSO~ANDTIIEWAROFf91Q191J
A-E A-E OF BQCUUSm TOW- WI1I
dmya mndemd warn bwma popk rr nD Our attitwb to4war, hmwr, diBq
hbtq whkh, mmihtmw all &a hmmm, d- and~i~&t&1~~01~1eEaad~e~ry~,hd
to rsmwe ths matbarbarous deapothm m Eq(tbat of
inthahistoryofmnnlcindwasopmedbytb~ h~,~mgdfarnatid~W.InDthsrw* tbsmatn~dtha~ri~~osofthowwarncon. rirosdinovdmwhgabso1handf~atleastin&- thog idmima, or m oasting d the yob of fore@ tianr. Momtbw wara ean be mmihd pgrdve. When dt wmmm waged, all hone& revolutionary democrats M wII m Sd&b dwayn oympathiaed with that dde (ie, with that hmgdde) wbii helpad to &W or leaat to m&& II# mmt dnqmotfe foundations of feudalism and abmlutimn, or to ambet the opprdon of foreign popla. For instance, the fanda. dhistoric dg&eanee of ths molntionary warn of France, mtwibhnding the tendency to plunder and oonqtm foreign Ian& on dm part of the Fd,con& in tbe fact that they &wk and hyedfeudalism and ~Iu~in the whole of old Emope hi&erto bad on d labour. In the Franco-Pmarsian War, Gar- many certainly robbed France; thi however, does not change the fundamad hidorit: aiigdicance of that war M haviag fd of millions of the &man people from feudal deomtralktion and from ihe oppression of two dmpota, the Tsar and Napoleon ItlI.
The Hod betwmm 1789 and 187l left dep trmw and rswrlu- donary reminkemas. Before ths werthrow of feudal&, absolnm and fordgn opprweion, there could bs no tho* of develop hg &e proleadm -11 for SaciaIh Wh,in spesldng of tha warn of d Mods, the Sociab alwayn recogniead tha jtuh of a on war, they had in view tha sbwe aims, namely, a revohion againat msdievalism end d labur. Under a ''Man- dvs" war the SociaIista always rmdemtood a Hjud' war ia Wa parddm senme, (Wilhelm Lidhmht ones erpdhimsslf in tlit pmg way.) Only in this MXWB did the SocW addo muph at presmt, &a legitkwy, pmgressiviem, and jm W of ''deiedng tha fatherland* 'or of a "dsf-I' war. For htmqif Mar- wmto &dare wax agdd Pram to-morrow, orId8~Eagl~d,orPersisorchinaagaitrstR~stc., tharo warn would be "jmt," ndeb~nwars, no mattm which om wa~tlm hut to atbk Every SoeiaIiat wouid then wi& the victory of ths oppdd-t, nonsovereign stat- agah op ~opof* It~srfdarttb.t~orpph~~~&.q km HMemdwmwar or Ob tb ft&a&d#*'dl*
TmE~W&Rfsm~mwAu
bprogmh msans fQr natiod katiop. Im* b~etaguinthededopmentdcs~orme~has ~onlyinthehpentieph~.Caphlhwto ~~~#wi~thealdnathdstata,wfthoatthsformadoa it wdd not &ow hd&m Caphhaa br- Edx sconodc concmtraiim that dmbradm of in- ~"ajthafintheformofcolonh,orthroaghtHs~
~tradesndmmqdhhavshm~by~- $br towar& mmopoly, mwdsafxan, of Idafor rtdtiinpiml,forthserportofratrp~& Ca@* L~alibamtorof~bm,kbh~~ OPT of Fo-1~ P- &kmm a mmtionary for- -It hm Moped ths prodaPPivs torrrehancrteatthatbmnanhgmR8teitller~Over~ orfwysarsnay,~witnssld~oftha ' &mnhmaforandihial of asp* by - ~~h~~sU-of-0~ h h
U.
and '$war-ripan caphka, ths oh majority of the papalatia~and & &
qmeLiIomttrw,ie,aterritorytwoanda~
Wpe. Thedxnari~hotd~d~~'- (5~,000,000) of OO~OI&I~PI- For fa~' tJmCL$ma"nati~k~h~f W ooI& EyqWy hem &at the mldm WUH - r4dbybandg~l0rd,thsfth8coIonialpopnlad~ats~ 6 fashion, that they are erploited in a tho4warn b ao qortation of cap&& ~onqm, deqtka in dbq ' " @* to the kuthoritIes of the %dingn math& kwan,andaof& ThAngI8dFrmchb~L~,,, p~pIewhmitsm~fhstitwagmwarfortbs~of~ . MingBcIgiam; ioreality,it~Warf~ttb~of~
warn, *, fdwith. nrars tbs Wwl
ofdle~.;tnet;nrrih8&~h bywaronthsEontinant. From&
~could~y~a Francs, bsFauw % b k pare oppmabg mars n&om thaa Gerraarly, and W &ikits a,Austria, ths oppdSIam aw aajoping bfmdomthanh~R~WMIsuphttbs 'wths kidhte ma htof dl tell tha people the trud, dY,that &a wmr ia in three wllses a war of dae-holders for the af the worst kind of slavery. It k a war, first, for thm -dng of wlonid alavary by m~anrof a mom "equitab1on dhkh of the colonies and mom %am work" in their exploitation; h Is, dy,a war for the stmngthming of the opp-ion of dnority do~Iitieshide the "great" nations, ainm Anatria and Rh(Rda much more and in a much wow manner than Aus- tria) am badon such opprdon which b stmgthmed by tbs war; fhird, it ia a war for the Wening and prolongation of wage hmy, the prohrht being divided aud dudwhile tbe capital- b am gaining through wsr profits, through fanning national prejadicss, and deepening the reaction which has raised ib had in dl oounbb, evem m the freest and republican countries.
%m IS WUTICScorrnrme~ BY OTHER (ie., FORCIBLE) ms"
Thim famom dhm be1ong~to one of the profoundwt writers on miIharp questions, Clausewit&. Rightly, the Mahhave always dderad this axiom as the theoreticaI foundation for their under- &ding of the meaning of avery war. It is from thh very etand. point that Marx and EnpL warded wara AppIy this idea to the preaent war. You will hdthat for hdm, for ah& half a century, tba gowmmmts and the raling chm of England, France, Germany, Italy, Auetria and RUB&, conducted a policy of coloniaI robbery, of supprahg labour movements, of opp- foreign nations Such a policy, and no other om, ia b&g pareued also in tba present war. Notably in Austria and in R- the POI^^ of both =a Wati- consists in tha en- dmmat oE nations, not L their btion. On the contrary, in China, Psraia, hdia and other dependent ndom we now in &e
last dacada a -policy - of national a*, teae and handrads of dmof people strivhg to liberata themSe1- from rrnder the yolm of tEM donary "pat'' nations. War growing ont of tb ~ha&,evmatthep~ttimqcmbeofabourgeoispr~ p&e mtmz, a war for national libemtian Chis glance ut the present war, comeid as a conthation of tha polby of the ugrat" =ti- and thsir fundamental &om 14 pkullil~dfcltldd.NoWhEmintbsmrldi#tbw nrohano- of~majoritgafoft~s~~popuIatimau dlwef inAmia:ths~-~formonIy43par~tofths1 ppddan,i s,lawthsnhalf; thsrmtbrrvsno righ aa beloqhg b otbm: ddith Oplt of IM,000,000of tbs population of Rda, ab~lIKI,&M?m are oppdand without rights The bwist gmammmt wag- war for ths wigmrs of Galii and the hal duoding of tbs freedom of the llkmhim for ttra uhm of hnda, Cmehntinople, etc. Tsarism wm in this war a mew to &tract tba amtian from dm growing &mat wit& the camtry md to the growing mlutionarg movement. For every two GrenbRmshs in p-t-day Rda, them are between two and "diem" without rights. Itl waging thh war EBarism to ths number of nations oppdby Rtda, to peqetuaaa their oppression and submpcntIy to uadermine the atruggle tor I hedm of the Great-Rwians themtw.1- Tbs opportunity of mp d xobbhg foreign wplm rpelIar economic stagnation, sbm it often rmbstic~tessemi-fendal exploitation of the ''aIiensV aa a mum of homefor the development of productive foroea It i for thiil rawon that, as far aa Russia b concerned, the war b doubly donary and hdto national liberation.
Sddcha- is adhemwe to the idus of "ddending tbs hherland'' in the pmtmt war. From idea follows repudiation ob the chstruggle in war time, voting for militarg appropriations, & In practioe the aocial&winiate conduct an anti-prolamian huge& policy, beeam in pradice they hist not on the U& b of the faPmland" in the aenae of 6ghti.g against the opp- rim of s foreign ndon, but upon the "rightn of one or the dm of &a "gmakn nations to rob the colonkt and oppresli other pp1ea Ths d.Chawi&s follow the bourgmieie in dewhhg the people by mying that ths war ia conducted for the defanw of the fraadom mddled5tmwof thbnatim; &wthepputtbdvGB on tlrs mda Of the bourgeoisie against the proletariat To the social- ahmdnb Mong th- who justify and ideal& the governments and the bourgeoisie of one of the hlligtrcmt group of nations, as wuil as thw who, Iih Kaatsky, mgnh the equal right of the of dl Mligma nariona to "deftmd the fathsxlandw 18 I
/ ~atcmd~f&hdinussof~rara~~~~.nd~..naa I hiid Finally, tb SUM&- of the ICa* tppa, wi&- hg ta judy and doninternatioml chadniq quote bottt I k d who, while denouncing warn, alwayn add witb. ons or ha other of the belligerent gopcnmmts, omtha wsr had -1y brhout, t~ wu the cw h 18541855, 1870-18n tmd 1876-1871. MI thm ref- are an aboddIe &oxtion of Mads and wiewa, made in favour of the bourgmjsie and the opporta- jw na ths P*ritiaga of the Anadhb, GuiUaume and 6a, distort ths vima af Mmx and Engals for the jddonof Am h Tha war of 1870.187l was historically progrweivs on Get- mmy'8 & up to the defeat of Napoleon III, humboth b and the Tsar had long oppreseed Germany, bphg it in rt stab of hdd d~tr~n.As Boon tie tha war turned into a pf& of EE.anes (amexation of h and hrmins), Mtlrx and Engula biddycondamnad the Germana. Even at the kg-6 of ths wm of 18'H).X87l Mmx and *Is apprd of Bebel's and Li& Mt'a rafd to vats for military npprop~ons;they &id the ~l-~tunot to margs with'tha bourgeoisie, bat to Msnd ihm Indephclwhtemt14 of the pmldt. To apply the dmmctmisatim of ths FranmPndi War, which WM of a bowgeoim pmgrdve nature and fought for national libertp, to tho prsaent impdiet war, is to mack at history. The mm is evm mbrstrue~tthuwarof1859.1855 dallothw wmof the b fssnth cmtarp, t. s., a tims when there wano modem ime AO rip^ objeets*ue mnitih~~for S&dbm, no maj~ S& h dl the kU&ewn$ countries, i e., whun there wem none of ihcm cadficmfrom which the Basla Manifcsto deduced the tactim of a uprol&aa mohti0pn in tha cam of a war's arising among ths 6~& fllltima
a mod wha the bo1vgcoinie wan progrcdh, forgetling WI 4&at Utha worksla have no fathahd," worde wbich derto a psriodor;rRar~bowgQoisisis-aRdh#BMf, tothepridof~mIatiom,i~l~y~rthgMarx -msM Is OPWBTtmSM =OUGHT TO CO~O~
boppw- Inamrimof this lips (bgland, Italy, Holld,
thn mass of the~ppmmd I ~ninntesnthosntlrrpwm that they dmqthemed opportrmiam, tumlng the uw of lsepl pomnith into dewdp of Iegdh, cmathq of burtaucracy and docracy k the working partim-ypttp 'Yellow travellm~~
19 #apb:dlb~dam~laysrofp&lqdmrkum d boqphie whe are dsfmdhg their privileged positions, ~~to~dofprofits~eh~nationaIbonr-. ~muhmfromrobbingotlmrna~,fromtheadvarrtagesof; h au a great nation. 'JSw i&l+d and political contmte of opportnnism and do Awlnbia thb mum: clw collabwation hdof clan4 utruggle; mwddon of revoIlltimary meana of mle;aiding "one'en om 7in ita dihulties instead of taking advantage of its &. to notfor nsolotioa II - UL~.II E~~~ CD~Wi aa a whole, if we look not at individual: pmmm (howwer authori- ] tatns), it appears that the oppomiet ideology haa become the maimtap of amiaI&awinh, wherean from the camp of the revolu- ti& we hear almost ~verywherumore or lms codstmt prom against it. If we take, for hatanat, the divhh of opinion d- fated u the Stuttgart hmatio~lSodalist Con- of 1907, ns i ] hdthat intemationd Marxiam wae against imperidiam while b 1 national opportaniem was even then already for it. ! i UHMT WITH T3E OPWRTUHBTS IS AH AUUMCE OF THE ! WORKKRS WITH UTXEIR'' BATIONAL BOURCEOLSE AMD I: SPLIT IN THE mATIOIrlbt BEVOLUROHAUY WO-G CUSS
hhgthe period that preadad the war, opportrmiem wag of- ' ddeda legitimate component part of a Social-Democratic party, though udmhtbgn and "extreme" The war hm prom he idmbibility of thh combination in the future. Opportunism ha ridit has brought to completion its role of aa dmary of tlie bourgeoisie within the labom movement. Unity with the oppor. tmhb has became nothi but hypocrisy, aa evidenced by the ax- I ampla of the German Social-Democratic Party, On all important dona(a at the voting of Auguat 4) ?he opportanisb confront the pa- with their altimntmn. the amqhme of which ia d i through their numaow connections wi& the bowgeoiaie, through birmajoritiis on the dvacob of the Iabour dons, etc. Tohwp~withopp~attbapreseslttimemaanepnw myto subjugata the working class to UibLbtugeoiaio, to make m allianw with it for fb8 op@m of OShm natiom and for ths 'so Reformist Socialism is dying; regenerating revolutionary, non~ompromisiag, ~1liotm,"
KIUJTSKPISM
L*, tha grmst& authority of the Second Intanatimal, mpm t typical and strikiag example of how lip mrvica to in reality led to ita trsnsfo~tioninto LYS&uveismn a Marexample. Thow by~ofobvioasmpb . of its revolutionary living d;they xecognim in Madm emcpt ravolutionay mema of Emggla, emept th6 ad- , and the preparation for, d mggle, and ths ddop
the fundamental idea of wchl&awiniam, the def~neeof 8hamdontoths roprktia, verbal ex- 3909 wrote a hook * id and dimdng
worEng elass c8mot raatiee itm mlutionary rob, w&h tr ,
of principlm, thin erapinsneas, this Do m-pled tbeodvtllgmhtion a8 WmP '! ------? - -3 7
dhdm W htmmtionel which wmbinsd faith- Maar Do Madm h woda with wbddo11 to opporimhm k- h wqmmtry t& fmdammtaI falsehad of Kaubkyhu a+ forma In Holland, Roland-Hotat, though rejechg1 : ~~obdsEamceofthefathtrld,iswpprtingunitywiLhtha; prrtp 4 tha In Rad& Tho*, appardy rcpadiat- : d& idea, dm @te for unity with the opporbist and &an- a ppN& Zqa In Rumania, Rakowky, declaring wux ! @ oppommism which he bbfor the collapee of the k- aadonal,hatthasametimereadytor~k&elegitimaepoE ths ldsa of tba defenee of the fatherland. Thwe are maniim3tatiom of the evil which the Dutch Md8ta Gorter and Pannekd have 4 radic81hnn and which reduw itself to &tuting dcctuxm. . for revolutionary Marxiam in theory and to sladumn ! or hpotance in the faco of opporhlnism in practice.
T3E SmGM OF URXHTLI 19 THE SLmAH 08 ICEVOLZmOHmT 80QhGD~OCBACP
The war has undonbtdy created the atmaeat miah and hm in. credibly intmded the d-e of the masse& 'I0s reactionary dmacm of thin war, the mhadmu lie of the burgeoiaie of dl oormtrim which oovers ita predatory aim with "national" ideology, alt this hmiEltb1y cream, on the baais of an objective mvo1ation- ary situation, revolutionary amtimenb in the masses. Our duty f to help msLe thea aedmmta dous,to deepen them and give them fona The only correct axpmwio~of thb task b the dogam "rum tha hprialbt war into civil war." All consistaDt clam struggle m hof war, all %ma actions" meetly conducted must inevitably laadtathia We~othowwhethc~inthefi~orhthawcond imperialist war hemthe great patiow whetbm during or afkm h, a &ong revolutionary movement wifl h up. Whatewr tha may be, it ie our ~IUMduty ~~s-11~ and -17 io work in that particular direction. The Bade Manifesto didprefm to the u~mpIeof the Paria thmmq L e., to torning a war betwen gowmmmta into civil war. Half a centary ago, the proletariat was too weak; objdm cdhione for Socialimn had not ripd yet; a cos~eionand 8s webringtlpadofthiscriminal,~ war and the orgladmtfon of a mlatiomuy htm
IMWRTdaCE OF -TIOMS
ppomnh, the ma &ant An- of the world ~Ivminthiswarwiththe~ofd~- ths upirit of Pldrhanov and Kau&aky. Ow of ib dal undoubtedly k the death of both op-
dMing to tab advantage of the @ility fox dm orgalidon of tha maswr and of Smidh, mnst do swap with a derHibuk
inref~to&ilwar,~wttbnsesrhp as for~tadehlsgaliryujkithslh~M&~Ibythabomgeohia 'IhQ haa ohom thnt ahs ~~ i doking legality in ewry wrrmtrp, Wdhg thr fmand that it h im@le to lad dm -tod rapolation withoat ersating an illegal organiM" tton fw pmdkg, dhdng, ad*, preparing m0Iutiwarp ef In Germany, for bw,a11 honut,activitim of dra Sdabta art Wiag conducted against abject opportunism and h-al *ICant&yhn,'' and oond~ilIegally. In England, men are being ~entencedto hard labour for appeals to abstain from fofnkrg the army. To think that mmbedip in a Social-Democratic party is com- padbIa with repudiation of illegal me&& of propaganda and the ridicule of them in the legal preae is to betray Socialiem.
The advocatw of victory of Uonda own" govmment in the pm mu, an we11 as the advocata of the dogan "Neither victory not &f&,- prdequalIy from tha &andpoint of d+* A rcm~lutio~vpclw in a reaedonary war cannot help whbg the defeat of its government, h cannot fail to BW the mm&n bctwuen go~ernrnent'~military revem.s and the hereased opportanitp I for werthrowing it. Only a bourgeois who belis~csthat the war stat.aed by the gov-~ will ndIyend as a war bsrwesn gommments, and who wihit to be so, finds "ridiculoa~~or "I& d"the idea that tba Sdalbta of dl the belligerent countria &odd apms their wish that aU "their" governmen@ ba defdahd. On the contrary, sach axprwim would coincide with the hidden I thocrghts of every cla~+cdoaaworker, and would lie dong the has of our activity which tw& to turn the imperiaIist war into \ EmiI m. An eamwt anti-war propaganda by a neetion of the IEngIish, Gwman and Russian S&h would undoubtedly %& the military strengh" of the reepeetme government4 but an& propa- ganda would be to the credit of the Sociabta The Social- must -lain to the maasa that there is no salvation for them oataide of u moladoasry ovsxthrow of '~"govmmenb and that tha , -1tiea of tho- gowmmmta in ths pmmt war must be t&em htagaof for just thia pmposa ! -- y PAcmsxAmTmE~mEm 'mm -:La- maSarntimeatf~~aftm~~~e&*~ anfn~onanda~afdm~onary~'- m. Itiathadntyofall Social-Dmmambbfi~ sentimmt. ~hcyrill PL. the ardent pn in mq ij eament and in every demonatdon made- am &im ha& but: thq 4 1 not Mvethe people by ~asmnhgthat in the abwof a lutiomxy movememt it is podIe to have paaeb without amem- without the oppreseion of natiollq without robbery, widiaat the d of new ware among &a p-t g- and xulii ch.Smh deception would only play into tha hmdn tbe met dipIomacy of the belligerent CO& and tbsit revolutionary plu Whoever *ear a durable and b peace muat be for civil war against the govemmma and
BICaT OF HATIOM TO SELP.DETmmHATIOR
The most widmpmad decepfion of the people by &a 6 ar cmhts m biding its predatory aim
tional liberation," The English promise + 1 to Poland, etc. h we have aeetl, rdty a war of the oppmworn of the majority of the natiom of world for the deepening and widming of ouch oppdon. The SoeiaIbta cannot reach heir great aim without figh- every form of national oppdon. They mwt thwdora dlydctrsand that ha Sacid-Democrate of the opprm'ng (of the sodled "great" nations in particular) &odd and defend the right of the oppressed nations to ddtht- in the political sense of tbe word, i e., the right to politid a A Socialist of a great nation or a nation psmhgoob whodoearnotdetendthierighabachawinist. end thie right dam in no way mean to eneomaga dm of small eta- but on the contraxy it Ieads to a freer, 1- 1- and thedore wider and more rmid foanation
tager,~for tha maamw and more ia mrdwith
&e other hand, the Sociab of tha crpprd natiolu s8 1-lly fight for oomplste dtyof the loorha of both dm OHadths ownatidties (which atso memii organ- idad*). % idea of s lawfnl aeparatim between OM na- tioarlitf and b adwr (tha dIed'bntiod cultural autonomy" ofBmtmadhmer) isareactharpidea. bpddism b the puriod of an hreaaing oppdon of tha don^ of dm whole world by a handful of "great'' nations; tha struggle for a %&t hkmationd revolution ag- imperialkm ir Momh@le without the mcqnition of the right of dam b aslEd&mmbdon. "No people oppressing other peopk can bs h" (Marx and EngeIs).* No proIstariat -miling hlf to dm hutviolation by "itsn nation of the rights of other nationu oan be Smiaw awmn -
CtdWES AM) PARTIES IN EUSSfb
'PLfE BO- AHD THE WAR :mermpattheRudmgo~didnotfaU~ ~psrmcod*: like them, momnda A j&anW mombun appama bg fdwidtma t~asput to work in Rdto infect &l*c &l*c to wests the L "jdwar, that it ~~y rs clasu of landowners and the upper atma of ths idtwdd mmmmdd boargeoisie have ardentIy suppod the miIttrrp of obe Tm's govm They judp & sial advmagm and la Turkish and m heaIready taken stock of ~phtaaftmnvictolrpof mariw understand very well that if anything can stU pdpmm ; Fall of the Romanov mod? and fumtall a new revoldom ] bawar won by rheTmr. rge eats of the "middleH city h&&ii of the Jmqph lig4artsfa, of the mmhu of balprofdm e,hnm ab infeotedbycha~at~rttthebsginnimgoftbswar. party of the Rw&m kalbow@&, the CodtatEd- mrats, haa givttl full and unconditional mpport to &a taa& - b tha fidd of foreign poIiw the Cab haw loag a gowmmea party, Pdavism, by means of which the Tmr's $1 maq more tbonce -mp~it. pow .; foggings,has~&e~ideologpofthaCadatab &dim has ~aatdinto &mi kalim. B riw .&a Bladr Hundred in Upatriotism''; it in alwap willing to v&u milkim, navalh, *. In dm camp of Rassiam lbelh, , wms phmomenon
The only danm in Rdwhich tha government and &s bo gaoMe have not mcceeded in indating with the plague* chadniiq is ?he proleta* SporaJic excamii at the of the war attracted only the most backward strata of th The participation of tha work in tha mdghtly Moacow &mt the C;ermane hm hem greatly exaggtrated. By and I ths working daw of Ruwia has proven immune agb&a Ths axphiation lifirst, in &a revo1utionary dUon estimate, a mikand
q the opponsnee of Liquidationiam. Tbm cbh
d dadth-& upon tb~uMndsof advaucd work4 of om ill+ Rudan Sd.-th Labotrr P-. tog&mwithtBaintrodsetiom,ofmdallm thsclolingdownofaurpapm,d~a,bar~ -- - -.- -
,m>- IaPctrogradourparty~~aa piBpwh&&u#bGob [P* V&]. hhk from ths btral Orgsn, the S-Dmoht, in Petrogtad and amt to $ pr&dd tauma Illegal &&matiom are publiehed, and thsp ma 'T - alw dhhted in the barracku. Illegal gatherings of woth ars I ' bhgplace d&of tha city in variom met pbBdy, .I larga atrih of metal wokstwkd in Petrograd. In camdon with thedkm our Peograd committee hm bed eavcaal appd to ths worker&
Xa 1913, the Social-X)emocratic Deph of the Impsrial Dnm rplit. On one #ids there appearsd m adherma of opporhrnigll dmthe ~cad~pof CWdzu lCBeg bad baea eIectad in swa nw1-pro1~prom wh them wcm only 214,000 wo- On the other side &era were dx Deptdb, all from the workera' elso tom& afectad in the indnstrial centres of Ruaaia, where the numbw of mrkm wae 1,008,000. The msia pint of controversy WM the hctb of revolntionarg Marim va the tach of oppdreformism In practice, the dhgmunmt dd hlf largely in the realm of extra-parha work among tha mama. In Rdthia work had to Im dm ilkally if thoae who did f wiahd to remain on revolutionq ground. Chkheidze'e fraction prod a loyal ally of the Liquidaton who rupudiated illegal work; it defended them in every dieadon with dm workem, in every gatharing. Hmca the ~pk,after whieh & Ihquties farmed the RS.-DU. Fraction. A year of work prodbeyond dispute that bebind thia gmpaaood an overwhdmiq majoritg of the RMan workera With the begidq of tha war, &a MmbenPeen the pow d the group made itself manifeat with extraordinary clarity, CWmidee'~group confined iW to the parhenby &Id. Ii did not vote appropriatiom, ahit would have roda storm of indiption among the workem. (We have men th, in Rue& pettybotlrpin Tmdddid not vote for tha appmpriatim ) Nsithor did it prom agaiast d- 80 Iancs in Siberia. In b b on ths armt of our comrade, tha U
,-1 . 1' of Social-hocrptic societies wbca&hh aimed at hkhg th ofRudabym~ofprop.~~hmr,b~~af' ppsalr .nd 0.1 P~W which he a&& tha Ytsmpo-
Gntral Committee, gave a nagah reply. Ths ldhg caw tbe Liquidatoxe agdwith Veldtand officially Warad
The Gmmn SociaI-Dem(~c~ats,"he maid, 'boted for military
Social-Dcmacrats adad, but d& is not how the Don the Russian Sd-lhnmraq acted. . . . The W-
took their pleoae nuder the -'' Quite diffemtt our of the mdnm of the RS.-DLP. Fraction dich under the &dons of the Cantrd Codof the m, e ml ImfoIdcd an imprde picture of a wihpdillegal -war propagadis oonductd by our party among the mum of proMt. Naturally, the Tsar's court din "rmm Bl Bmt ths part that wan re~wlcdindicated how hsdbsaDd~inthsbrisfrpawaf~almontha Ill+ appsals of our pupa und cornmi- agahthe fsr Modtach were made public at the tria2. From Momworkerr of a11 Rdfeelem were m&iq out &a msmbers of the RS.-DLP. Fraction and the latter uWxd all .f~to hdp the worh the war from the standpo
Comrade Muranov, a Deputy of !ha workera of the provinca of Kharkov, said at the trial: "Knowbg that I had baGn mt by the people to the Imperial DPma not to wear out the Dnma &air, I travelled over the proh to get acquainted with the wntimmts of the working dass." Ha alm admitted at the trial that ha had taken upon himaelf ths ftum tiona of an illegal agitator of ow party, that in the Ural he orgm ised a workers' committee in the VerWmektak plant and in oh plaesa The trial proved that after the begidng of the war the mdma of the R.5.-D.L.P. Fraction had traveIled aver ahst all of Rdfor the sake of propagmda; that Muranw, Petrody, 3adayw and others had organid numerous work' meetitlgs wh rtsolutions agkthe war wets adopted, etc. Ths teariet government threatened the defendanb with capid P mhhwnt In view of this, at the biaI itself, not a11 of thrm atd up aa courageously as did Camsada Muranov. They Plriahad tc make it =cult for the Tw'a attomcya to convict them. Tht ia now being UMby the Rud~.ohaw~ in an an. worthy manner to becloud the s&tsnm of ths question as to wrhal kind of parIiarnentarism+tneeded for the working clase. Parho tarism is being recrrgnised by Siidehm and Heine, by Sembat and Vaillant, by Biasohti and Mwwolini, by Chkheidxs and Pl&umov, Parliamentmiam ia also being recoguhd by our comrades ol thu &S.-DLP. Fracdon; it ia being recopid by the Bulgarian d Italian mmrdwho ha lit from tha Thm im pwl and parliammtarism Some utilisa the par- arena to curry favour with their gwemmmt or, at beto Prrteh thai~ hanL of cvarytbing, an did dideidxe's group. Menutilii pda to main revoIntioniets to the very aad, to fulfil thej~ duty as S&& and -timala avea, uabths W WN hard THE ~STB~OAW 'PHE INTERNATIONAL
% ths adaldtauduh of a11 Eonntrier are great ah"! Stnastbs~ofthswnc,thsyhavsbasn~ with care for the Intmnatid! On ahs one hand they asmurt that ~Ealksbo~dths~lbp~bofdlaIn~otralIrr~In ~,~~~~y;~kl~~bap~ed.*to ~:The~~,he~y8,isdmplyu8n~of pasas~"anditirnotaurpridngttrstmwarb~~- mslrt proved somaPrbat =cia On the ohhand, &a &- hdnista of all countrim have found one vsry ~imp1eand, what f mom, an international, way to get oat of tha pmmt dil- Tbsir ramsdg. fs not mplimtd, indesd; ona mast only wait, thq wy,mrtil&~dofthswar;aptothattimathaSooia~ofsvsry mmby Md*d &air Yatharlandn and support %W gm -b; after the end of tbs war they should grant each other ~~,"laoogniaing~oll~righ~tbatinpbawtimaors livsh~~einwartimqindetaceohwithd andweh~Iudoq#acallon the Germazrworlrersto ermihilate draifFdmandvieevema. Tbm sqaally sgmd upon by and PI&auuv, Vhr Adh aud Efeinu TiAdlar dmthat %hen wu &dl ham liPed~~~ttiab,omfitatd~Prillbstodr~ Xromoalling6a&othsrtoaecoantfOr~~'' L6* ~that'LnosarnsstS~dany~haPeerprd thdmwl~ha~tobmdraidnofthafstsobthsIntsr- dad. PIekhenov Myr "It ia tmplmmnt to rrhaEs the W" (Oftbs~~-~)~rsadr~tllebloodaf 'M ? They srs all equally in- in
athered to help dm pmrd std~ad We have in mind tbs Intmmtid WB'I od~.'hm gatha by the best intations bnt they entirely failsd out a f&hg line far ' They did not call the attmtim of tha prok =king for it h the d&widah' znethod of cting'' the Internatid At beet, thty dadb that, without a struggle agaimut tha social&- dm I - Sacialisninhop.1- AtJmtthsfmmmdbgh~ 'F---.-- ., ., a'. - ~Wm~mTHEOpW~ -- ~~Obaffaiminths~afthaCamanSocial. ~~~nbtdpofths~~to Mcrnalbta The oE4 German Social.Demoo~aey, and the laading party of the Second Intermti dm Mona1organhation of the workers the most telling bl Butit~hthattheoppoeitimwithintlleGermanS Dmmmacyisalaotheatro~. OfthegxsatEm WM in the German party that the comrade^ who had tathebannerofSocidhhadht With joy we read the magdmLhhstdh and Dib with still grentw joy we have bedof the dhtrjbuti r much M, hmnce, of illegal fbvolntionary appeals for Der Huu fsinnabb eigenenllaAd [The MQiRErumy Is L Our Colmftr]. T¶& reqesled the fact that the spirit of Sodalh
Garmany capable of defending revoIutfonaq M&. The ~pLitin modern Socialism baa mmhkd itself most bgly rPitbin German Secial-hauracy. We note hare vary olearly dehned lines: the oppoM-ehauyhbtn who n have d to such a level of degradation and renegacy Germmy; the Katltakyiat ''cE~~TB'' which has prm comp imapable of playing any other role than that of a satellite opportrmiate; and the Xleft wbieh rep- hi only Dsmocrata in Germany. We are naturally most in-ed in the data of dab Mda tHsGmman~t,Wa~initoarmmr~thehopeofd hbmationallst elements Wh, &a,is that state of &ah? Dig Zatem&nu& was perfectly right when it said that within GsrmrmLeft~gwanatill in a&ah of fermem&that re-groupinga were &I ahead, that &me were in itu midst more spoken and lea ontspoken elemm~ We R& intawhalintn, of cam dein thi internal &airs of om comr We rmdmskd that they done am perfdy com the& methods of druggla against opportmb in ths dmof time and placa. We odp ddm& our 111 rely lulling the worlmrs to sbp, ia @om ~orHeinw,~putthsqW&n compel the workem to make up their mi& at, of late, butaky and Haase are allowing -PCB against tba "higher-upsn iould hebno Thh ~themandtbSchei~atamtthorsd thatIIin~and- therefore thay can allow h
that Hindemburg and Ma- have not yst won ths war -ry to it through" GI conducting a &am 6ght againat tbs %ghat-n#- over,tohidefromthe~ daah of prhcipla, to plaster up ths isme by a thomd and spirit (it 3s known that t8s ~masasrsitlliakind
SwggIG again& dl0 opposition muet take advantage even of
ths touchstone for
ths chamhisb and opporhmhta. ~rrhsoths~onRl&~th~wms~ rill go, not with us, but ageha ua, with Ksntsky, Mda Va& Stmbn~ At inmdch wa mu& a cdmour programmb to whit ia -ptable to thma elsmants, if rrs do not wi& to beconss pribonern of the dating pac&is !Wa hapHfor bm,at tho International Womea'm Confar- arps in where dm Gemutn dekgation, adharing to ths atand- potnt of Comrade Clara Zetkh, in p& played the part of a Tha Women's Confemm odp that whzeh waa ebto the delegates of the opportuniar Dutch patty of Roelrtra and of the I. L P., the latter, let as not forget, King ths paw which at the London Conferenca of tbe Entente &miniah had voted in favour of Vandmlde's reeohtion. We pay the I. L. P. the tribute of gmtcst respect for its courageow wleagh the English gwanmmt in war time. But we know that &a party hm never vtedthe principla of Marxh, while, in our comiciion, it b the &cf task of the &id-Demrnatic oppdon at the p-t moment to raiw ths herof revoltdonary Ma- to tell the workem, Myand defiantly, how we look upon impriak warm, to put forth tha dogan of ma- mlutionary action, i.6 to tarn tha period of imperialist war into the beginning of a period of onil wara Rmolutfonary Social-Damocratic ebtaexist in many cormtries ia spits of evtqtbhg. They exist in Germany, in Ilumia, and in Scandinavia (an Muential trend of opinion represented by Com- rade HBgIund), in tha Balkam (the party of the Bdgarian TasayaLsn), in ItaIy, in England (part of the BWSocialia Party), in Francb (where VsilIant admi& in L'Hdthat he bad 1- of protest from tha ti^ of which, however, ha prrblW none in fall), in Holland (Tribmh"), atc. To unite theMarriaa elements bowsma mall their numbsr may k at the beginning, to reviw in their name tha wordn of d Sdhnow forgotten, to caII the work4 of d countrim to relinquid~ehaaviaiam and raie the old banner of bhxb, tbiu in tbs taak of ths day. Hitherto, wrdemwa with aoalM programmm of "dons" haw 4dthdm to a more or 1- outqokao programme of pars pcihn. Marxiam is not It ia to jfglir for a qdyand of tho war. But dythrough a dlto d&my ! ' "l+W adadm~thslDalW~~La~ bompisUoopIa 'hdyd~ofsodea,~dr bsths~prqx~~~~bsa~~md *dteEandingofrrhafh88bappcasd;arhiohq what fmpcaialismieaxadhowtofight~~;~~~~ that opportlmbm has brought about tb dapof b W ~ntmwtional;which appeal, to dm wo&m to hdd up a &., WonalopsaIy .nd mtbs0p- Rtehaprc-&o~htwe~ind~tbrt~
bsliewin~thatwsdaerSraalifeddaath~~+ op- wonld~or~~forwths~dr: th9 d prohub -
Tha bdan Social-Dmmmtk Laboar Party ha lung 8- from ita opportmh. The Rtdau opportrmists havs now, fn ad& tion,bacoma&aupinista ~dyminforcwueinoarbdhf~ a split with them in nmsaq in tha htarmta of SdUWe am 4that the preseart differenm bmmm fha Sacid-Dmmmb andthed&a~arebynomeansemallarthaatbdiX- f~thatexiatdbetwemthsSoeiaIidsand~rrhaPltBs Social-hmacmb split away from tha h.An oppWtanirt by. ths nams of Mhhaa ri@ly said in the ?hw&& JdrW [MAd] &at the pmmt unity % good for dm opp- ~andforthabo~~bacamhfo~thaMto~ to &a chaminh d pmths worh from getling to dm bo#omoftha~df~crsatirrg&eirowri~l~ party,amdSudhtparty. Waarshmlp~thatitbdd prhm duty of a -1- in tha pmmt coaditimu to qlit am fromtheo~aadeha- ThirbjammmmBryar &a apIit with tbs plIows, ths snti* tbe lihd workd nnio~~,wan-~in~~~~~ptocnIii~ ~worhandtodmwthcPDintodte~of&e~ hmmratic psrtiea Ithooropini0~1thatthsThird~anaI~tohoraabsd on~~~~alutionayhmhOrrrpartyhnot~qndmq mofbthaexpdhcyofbr&ingw%thb~. . ThOl qwadanhmSbUbyhd~*mm-dslt W ~Itimborw~bmt1.than~~on.nima-] mtbdreak ItJmqtlfts~htinordertocrsatssn~nalM~ ~oa,theseparate~mustbenadytomsatei& pdmt lmd Madph Gwmany, tha home of the oldmt ad labour mmemnt, k of de&iva imporhna. Tha naar I futnm will ahow whether coditione have already bscomei ripe for 1 ths mdon of a new Marxist Intem&oaal. I ao, our party wilt I gladly join ada T&d International, pqdof opportdm and ehsuvkimt, If not, it will mnan that a more or lw protracted @ad of m1n.tion is before this task of puxging is corn- pl& Our pmty wiU b be the &reme opposition Wda ?ha old International pending a time when the bash for an international amwintian of workem resting on the basis of molationary Marr- im will haw kcrmtud in the various deaWe do not and we cannot how which road developments will take in the coming yesru, intermtidy. What we how, however, what wu are most firmly codmed of, is that m our country, amongs5 ow proletariat, our party will untiringly work in the indicatsd direction, ~by~dailpactivitiesitd~~~tisgthe~wctiwafa Marsla ~tional. hdaJa at presGnt not kbgin frank wialdadtaand in ppof the "cmtm" 'I%-people will -10 agab the orgmktion of a Marxist International. ye know that Plelrhanw accepts the principh of Siidekmn and L reaching out to join ban& with him. We how that tha wiled Orgdmtion Commiffes rmdm Axelrad'a leadership ia pmwhhg Kaabkyh on Rd dl. Under the cId of Mity of tba wolkiq clam &om pplo preach unity with the opportmbt~~and through them with ths bourg8oMu What we how of the pr-t Russian lnboar move msnt, howemr, gim tm full amman- that the chaaanwioun pro~tof~Prill,twhithprto,mmaipyrAour~~. . -,-
CEAmmIv ~RYOFTHESPUTIANDTBE:~ ~DEMOCBACYW Bgs;sIb
&ti011 to the war, aa outlined abova, rep- the of thirty yearn' hdopment of SoeiaI-Demm
tion of ~.Demoeracp3n our eomq withoat g
the~of~maindaEaof~~ry. h MI ideolagIcal tendency, Social=Dcmoctaqcams into iu 1883 den the Social-Dsmoc~aticvhs, mi appIii to B for the firat timd qstunatically expounded abroad bation of Labour group. Up to the 1- of ths
dmwith the msse labour momment in RdAt the bsgfxl. ning of the dneticd the opdof political mtrest ia the cow,&a , - ' ftmmtatioa and tbb BtrilLB mmmmt among the worh '* Sucia1-bmo~racyan active politicaI form inseparably cmmd ! with the struggle, both economic and poIiW, of the working k ' - Frmn that moment ale0 begins tha split of Sochl-hmmaq into *
hombta rtnd Iahh* R 4: 4: THB EOOFIOM*IT~ 1~ THH OID ** (189~903) I. h ~Omismwasanop~tnandwithiathaR~Soc%l- 7 I Dammaq. Itm political sthtmca redaced imIf to s programms , declaring that 'L~onomicnmtruggle is the tack of the workeras po- 1 I EWstruggle &at of the liberala Ita main theorerid suppori wm $ ' the dIed"ha1 ~" or 'Yhmism" which a d spi~of "Ma&" entirely purged of moIutionarp spirit and adapted to the rqir~mentaof tha halbourgeoisia Referkg to 3 thebdwahof the m of thewokin-and wWq .I r %,gald&d#~nawEoon~~tbstadrmdtb 1~0pbof~~movsmrrnttoecmomicstmggleandtothe polideal smpprt of lhmlhm, without mrhg for thcmwlva iBck pcmdant polhid or any kind of revolutionary ta& Tha old lskm (1900.1903) victoriwsly fought Ecw- in ths w af tbs pmeiplca of moIuti0My ~.~.Ths ~dtbs~mproletariatwsntovartothsIhma My, A few yeare before the revolution, Social-Democraoy ad- d a most consknt and rmcompromising program ThQ -Is of the cl- the upheaval of the numm in the coarsa of tbs 1905 Revolution, proved the cmmtnesn of that programnm Tim Eon& had adapted themdm to the backwar&= of the mama Thal~krosteppedfwthmtbsvan~dofdmwo~ 08pable of laading tba mwaa onward. The pmentdnp arw of ths dl-chaminisb (ndty of reckoning with the maam, -vim of imperialism, "illusions" d the rewrlutid &G) had d been ah4by the hein their tima TBs oppot- timist adulteration of Madm rur Straveism bwme known to socitd*knm& Rdhrranty years ago.
llm mod of tha -atic revolntion dadfoah a mw -Is of pokiea withSocid-Dummq, a &act codmm thof the former &qgIa bondwas trdodhito - "M-" Ths deface of the mldmaq twtim of ths old Ihd "Bobh&umn h ths Sbmy yWU8 0f 1906.1907, &h&Vh WSS an 0p- mmmt sapported by the halboqwhb and ~~ libsral: bourgeois tendh into the labour To adapt ths ~laofdmworkingelaeatok~thatwmib~ mtheotherhand,sswthatdofthb~-hmomedc wohin aro- the &atio pw&y to a revolutiaq -1s in wite of de ~~and betrsyah of It haa been reptedIy recopid by the Mmuhevh themselvm that during the moldon ths *rorfdag m foIlod tbs Bohwh in a0g.Y important mdhakiq. 1905 ~1uti011cabd, &en&md, daapmsd, and hard- ad ths inmdably tbw)ln?bq sdd.-tic i8ch i Rmris. Open&af~dprut$s,olo~athanoncsramatad Is Rdhibattmptto&tlrs~~ of -1- -8& ~€F~ofop~---ktb=Qb*I. Jm,19l2, Canfmof ths W-W& #, . whioh I m, taspeetha*& ofanttdmofb3ganddgroups~abLQadForm* ' two yam (bqhhg of l9U to tha middle of 1914) a imYB----
! tlmth,~theGmtrd~ttsa~hadbssn~i-
WOrkbg~~~~~afterths~ofl~;~~'1 naainqdd~pnr~pPw=4~RndLS; mmmhd.ramd~oaarb.l.lhlli.faiqdQwlu* ij 4 dm eEass, whtha Liquidatom, rtcting M a politi- cal power d~lytho& ahe group of N& &rya, based Uvman an &around support of the hdbourgeois sZsmsllra Opsn monetary cuntributio~of the worb' group8 to the papers of botb par+ being at that ti- a form of Sdd-Democratic d&pdm adapted to Rnssian conditions (the only one b&Zy &&td and publicly controlIed) proved in a concrete man. rn the proletarian aom of the "Pradb' " (Marxists') strerrgth and Muen* and the bourgeohldmd soare of the Liquidators '(with their Orgaahtion Committee). Here are come figurea mla- tiye to the mtributiom, aa given at length in the hook, Mwxism md L@i&ionk, and in sn abbreviated form in the German Social-Demoeratic paper hipxigm Volhitwg [Leipzig Peopk'a he],July 21, 1914
Number md amotmt of mntributim to tkr daily St. Petmb~~~pa- the M (Pradat) and from Jan. 1 to Way 13, 1914 PluvDlml LrprrrmrmM No.of b Amomt Naof Con- Amount, Wens (in dm) rxibutiom (in&) From workam' pup ...... 2,873 671 m&~urc~...... ,. ns Zpso 623 It thu appeare that in 1914 our party rallied four-fifth of the claawomcious workem of Rhato the support of the revolutionary Sdl-X)emocratic tack Throughout the whole par of 1913, the number of &utions from workers' groups was 2,181 fox the Prmdists and 661 for the Liquidators. From Jan. 1,1913, to May 13, 1914 the namber of contributions from workem' groups waa: Pravdh (i. a, our party) 5,054, Liquidators, 1,332, t e,, 203 per
The greet hopcan War of 19141915 gave the European an dl aa the Rwim S~cial~Democrataa chance to tmt the commmasa of their tactim by applying them to a world-wide && The reat+ tiomry, predatory, slavedriving character of the present war ia Wtel~more obviou~in dti~to tmristn than in relation to otber governmeat& Still, the main group of Liquidatom (the only ans which, dde from oarq bas a cmaidmable idwnc~in &rseia, U ~toItelfbwnleonnsetaolol)arrtnsd~&d Having had for a mkdmable 1- of tima tbn legality, this pap, Nwh cductd a
tory of the TtfpIe (at vtQtlacEnrpls) Gwnan imprialimn of Uertrao~dm,'' m. PIkov,wb ' t $nw1903haa~y&own~p~ofbisutt~~laeLaf,I litid char-, and who oftan wmt over to ths ripe *took tb position mm more decisively. For rwtion Hs h adaimed by tha whole bourgeois prma of RdSo kplm ~ho~&thathsdaelar#rthb~wartobsaj&m , d is pabeintdewa in ths gommmd papara, of m, !;@&g it to join war. Thnsitwae~tlyprovmthatwer~srarfghtiaour~the IF:wanding of Iiqnidationim and in ~1~ the maia pap mf Ipuidatom from ow party. The d progaarms of the liqddn- tom aad the aqtdmeaning of theii line of action ia not only app tunism au sd,but a dhct defence of the pri- of Rumin M a great nation and of the prerogatives of the great Rush hdmnao and the burpoi& Liquidationism ia at prewit a W- trend in the labour movement. It is an allianm of a danuf dm radial petty burgeoiaic and a nqligibre nhof priviiagad worhwith "theirn national boqmoinh against the -of &a rn
Aa mentioned above, xleittrer the Equidatom nor %nm groapm living abroad (those of Plekhanov, Alerriaalrg, Trotsky 4 &), nor the so-calIed -1" Smial-hmwratu (of tbs naa- Ruwian nationahits) mo@d oar January, 1912, ihf- The accamtiom that were most ohan XG- in & ndmb in* hurled at w wem Yusarpation'' and %pIi~'' Qlu repiy to therw mllsationa cm&ted in poting exact and objddy proof to the &act that onr party had united four-Udm of the cImdoua woxbof Rda, Not a d under hi of iUw work in a counm-~ period. Ifrmitywtm~lefnR~onthsba&of~-~ L6 f4 7 'j tdm~~~group of N&m rrhp haa thir ~notknacmmp~byour~1~oppnmtsrrl~ mdhd~?b~dabalf~havapd&Sm~- ~,ESl&andd~all~timaonro~ts,whilewi&ngh My,rrsto in no pdon to cmte a Sdal-Democd~party -B& Tbirrbdleh~~0fourparty. 9b &my of tboss Sd.Damm& group which 6tmggIu qpbt our party i~ a bryof hnkdown and degslleradw. In hd,1912, all of them, rrithorrt exception, %tedu in mdhg IU. In August, 19q however, when the maUed Blmn m ereatd, dbhtqption e in. Part of chair groap splh away. They were in no pooitim to create a party and a Csntral Committee, What they -tad WM aa Orpniaation Commitiea "for fhe Ulishment of mity." In raaIity, ihia Organidon Corn mi(tas proved an Wmtivo Wdfor the Liqddationbt group in hdn, Through tha whob period of a tmmmdon~rieing wnva of ths labow m-t in Ruda and of the matm atrbof 19121914 ths only group of the An* Bloc which conducted work among ths msssas wm Nu& Zaycc, doc# strength i in ita liberal con- domAt the beginning of 19x4, the A- Bloc was formally relin- by tb4 Iuttinh %aI-Dmrocrau (tha Polish M- Dsmmmtta did not belong to it), whemm T-, one of the hdam of the 310%reIinw it informally, having crated hh omwp rsts group. In July, 1914, at a confefenc~in BrosesIs with the pnrtidpation of the ktiveCdw of the ~malSacial- haau, & Kau* and Vandervelde, the dldBd Blm WM fodagaitlat us; it WM not j&ed in by &a Jntts and hmdhtdy after itn formation wae relinquinhed by the Pam SmhI-Democra& who btlong to the opp4on. After tha M- nbg of the war this Bloc broke up. Na& Zayu, PIekhanov, Alex. idy,and the leader of tbs Caucasian Social-Democratm, An, opm eociulcba- p- the ~~tyof a Geman da feat. Tha Organhation Cornmi- and tha Bddefend d- chnmiuisb and the foundat;ona of social&^ Chkheib'~ fraction, hmiq d against dhy appropriations (in Runah apm the boargsois dema~ab,the Tmdovikm, voted againat them), helemremained a loyal, ally of Nu& Our d&winb, Plaanw, Ahin&-3 and Co., am phtlymtb fied with Wh'efraction. b Paris, a paper N& Sh (formarly Cobs) f IAq fomded, with Mmtm and Trotsky an the 1s - .T
main bath whbgtods phmb Wb:,, ~ppith8n~d.crmandof*~N&':: &rya tha ~~OPrd2chkldm'~ freetiom. Hm - hg&MssoLaqQp.pLdWto*il.dl, ;g hcgwion: om3pmofths&~dk-'heaatn&to\rardr~ 3 myMartov WramainIng loyal" to ths OrgQIfaetiOn C- ~publiJydsn~thelY#hts~fmu~(inh earrrswayaathsoppo~of~yyDaviddCa,tbeI~ norioMk Kwredpo&ru [IntcfnOtioMJ Compmhm], andCa,~C~mrads~~fAmdlh); hown hia bred with the Org&tion Cummi* but b d&dto go t~@ar with dm Ckhihfractio11. Hers L ths progrsmms d Cbkbsidds &action ru, eapdby om of ita laadera In Na 5 ob the Sowememy Mir [Contem~Worw of 1915, a a&. Pl~ov'~and AI-B orimtation, Qilchsalmli &: Toq thatCennarrSot&&~wasina+ntop~Jb 44 '! ~~noj~~bBCt~~dose,tt~orrEdmem& dytowhhrlhcL&cllde&on&u~~~~o&h otoRlQlCb?~burrhchsPb~~fitsf*~asroeU,of~ td d mby an Anarchida kkp.'' Theeefew~exprese~~and~dd~ h:a jdcation, in principle, of tha "dd- of the fddd" idea in the pmwnt war; modowy, by pddon of the dhry -rq at tha hqof and preparation for a ddam WhAa Geman Sd-Ihmxwwaa capable of prmdq the war, whether the ~swldmbtaam, in general, capable of garp an~the~ofamlneion,isWethopoint.%qa& tion is, 8hmld we con- odmm Soc~or ahodd wu ~y"sxbaltoarlastbrastbnintbsmbr~oftb~ bo+?
TASK8 OF OW PUTY ~-~inR~camainto~~Oretlla~. " m1atirm (1905) d be- strong daring dm Iuhand coo~ter-m~~latioaThe bnch- of Rtlu3r sxpb ths~lnd*h~f~sndeha~Of*~ *~MirSPPa5,19W,p14W%tnk~b-U* I~~~Ithirtdto~h~of~~~i~ wthd Chkhslrlralimelriajwu-r*l#h .~of~itlthoIataMtIotuI. 4? 'I 1 -ham,-b-.~-h Earqm d.&odWty of tbs legal Soeiel-haticpatties prior b~~mrdoureanmphy~dsinto~dmhraofthe Wkrn*Empsann (Hnon-m1-) "AParastn' brg 1 'dW-Waq. The lworLiag clasn of Ram& could build up h prty in no 0thway than by rmolately 6ghting for thirty @ars ~dv~ofoppommism.ThqerienmdthsWorld Sat which ha brought about the jgnominiom wllap d European opptmhm, and which dedthe dlianos of our national lih& 1 with sacMdaavinist Liquidationjam, cdrmm ua in our comiction that our party must in the fntnm fol1ow ths sarns *t ma- Iatiwaary road F i :. 1 TOWARD THE SEWRE 7 POWER, r#3:+'5::::;:"I t Tim h- Pdum~, k -*,: ,. *90 - , THE MPEMMST WAR THE REVOmON OF 1917,--Two Vh&- TWE *IsmPEIUOD, Two b@? MAIEaAuSbA AND ~~,.