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Eindverslag (Concept) Afstudeerrapport Constructief ontwerp hoogbouw Onderzoek naar een effectievere verantwoording voor de keuze van constructiematerialen en draagprincipes in hoogbouwprojecten Bouwkunde (COB) Afstuderen Juni 2014 Bart de Groot 2045094 Linda Keeris 2021161 Afstudeerbegeleiders: - Ir. A.W.A.M.J. van den Bogaard - Ir. A.T.J. Welters Bedrijfsbegeleider: - Ing. M.H.G.A Meulendijks PMSE i, Samenvatting; Constructief ontwerp hoogbouw Deel 1; Literatuurstudie De verschillende aspecten die komen kijken bij het ontwerp van een hoogbouwconstructie, maakt dat de afweging tussen verschillende constructieprincipes lastig is. Meestal wordt in het voorontwerp wel een afweging meegenomen, maar hier wordt niet erg diep op ingegaan. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om achter de belangrijkste beweegredenen te komen voor de keuze van het constructiemateriaal en –principe bij een bepaald ontwerp. Verschillende toepassingen zijn geschikt, maar hebben zo hun voor- en nadelen. Deze voor- en nadelen zijn vaak gebouwspecifiek en komen voort uit de technische en esthetische eisen voor het gebouw. De vraag die met dit onderzoek beantwoord wordt is: Wat zijn de belangrijkste aandachtspunten bij het constructieve ontwerp van hoogbouw in Nederland en hoe kunnen deze aandachtspunten gebruikt worden om de keuze tussen constructiematerialen en draagprincipes beter en sneller te verantwoorden? In dit onderzoek zijn ten eerste verschillende hoogbouwprojecten in Nederland constructief onderzocht. Aan de hand van deze voorbeeldprojecten worden per gebouw de voornaamste constructieve voor- en nadelen op een rijtje gezet. Vervolgens worden een aantal veel voorkomende aspecten van hoogbouwprojecten in Nederland op een rijtje gezet. Door deze aspecten terug te koppelen aan de voorbeeldprojecten, kan onderzocht worden welke invloed deze aspecten hebben op de keuze van het constructiemateriaal en het draagprincipe. De onderzochte ontwerpaspecten zijn: Flexibiliteit in de gevel, flexibiliteit in de vloerindeling, het eigen gewicht van de constructie, eventuele uitkragingen en gevelsprongen in het ontwerp, de grote van de bouwplaats, de bouwtijd, de aanvullende eisen voor brandveiligheid, de aanvullende eisen voor geluidswering en de voorbereidingstijd. De invloed van deze aspecten op het constructieprincipe, worden in beeld gebracht. Het product daarvan is een matrix waarin de behandelde constructieprincipes en de belangrijke aspecten tegen elkaar uitgezet worden. Door het invullen van wegingsfactoren per aspect, komt de beste draagstructuur naar voren met betrekking tot de technische en esthetische eisen van het gebouw. Dit product is te gebruiken als ontwerphulpmiddel voor de architect of voor een snelle afweging voor de constructeur. Deel 2; casus Dit deel bevat een alternatief constructief ontwerp van een bestaand hoogbouwproject. De opgedane kennis uit de literatuurstudie kan worden gebruikt, om de invloed van de criteria toe te passen en tot een goed constructief ontwerp te komen. Het ontwerp is op twee manieren uitgewerkt op de belangrijkste constructieve knelpunten. Beide ontwerpen worden teruggekoppeld naar het bestaande gebouw, de matrix en de literatuurstudie. Uiteindelijk wordt het ontwerpproces en de uitkomsten van de ingevulde matrix naast elkaar gelegd. De uitkomsten uit de ingevulde matrix en de gemaakte varianten zijn hetzelfde. De conclusie is dat de matrix goed werkt om het ontwerpproces te versnellen. Constructief ontwerp hoogbouw Bart de Groot & Linda Keeris 2 ii, Summary; The structural design of high rise buildings in the Netherlands Part 1; literature study The important aspects for the design of a high rise building in the Netherlands, makes the consideration of different structural principles difficult. Mostly a consideration is made in the preliminary design but it is not really thorough. The goal of this study is to find the most important reasons of choosing a construction material and structural principle. A lot of constructions are useable, but have their pros and cons. These pros and cons are mostly specific for the building and come from the technical and esthetic demands for the building. The answered question in this research is: What are the most important points of interest when designing a high rise construction in the Netherlands and how can these points be used to improve the decision making for the construction materials and structural principles? This research contains analysis of the construction of some high rise projects in the Netherlands. With these results, the pros and cons of the structural principles can be used to see what is important for which building. With the projects analyzed, a list is made of frequent criteria that have an influence on the decisions that were made during the design process of the construction. These criteria are put together with the structural principles and are given a value, so it’s possible to see which structural principle is good at what aspects. The design aspects are: Flexibility of the façade, flexibility of the floor plan, the weight of the construction, cantilevers or setbacks in the façade, the size of the construction site, the construction time, the additional demands for fire safety, the additional demands for sound insulation and the preparation time before actual construction. With these values in order, a matrix has been made to quickly choose a structural principle that is best for the design of a building. By filling in variables, which show importance to all the criteria, you can see which structural design is most ideal. An architect can use this tool to see which structural design fits best with his vision. Also a structural engineer can use the tool to quickly see which design doesn’t work and which does. Part 2; Case study This part of the research contains a structural design of a high rise building in the Netherlands. The found influences of the aspects in the literature study are used to make this design. Two different designs are worked out to a definitive design. The most important bottlenecks will be worked out to a definitive version to show that the designs are plausible. With these designs it’s possible to see if the literature study is correct and the matrix is working properly. The results from the matrix are equal to the result of the design process. This means that the matrix works properly for this project and is much faster and easier to use. Constructief ontwerp hoogbouw Bart de Groot & Linda Keeris 3 iii Inhoudsopgave 1. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Aanleiding ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Probleemstelling ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Onderzoeksvraag .................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Hypothese ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Doel ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.6. Opzet ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Definitie hoogbouw ................................................................................................... 10 3. Materialen ................................................................................................................ 10 4. Draagprincipes .......................................................................................................... 10 5. Aspecten hoogbouw .................................................................................................. 11 6. Invloed aspecten hoogbouw...................................................................................... 12 6.1. Functie .................................................................................................................................. 12 6.1.1. Wonen .......................................................................................................................... 12 6.1.2. Werken ......................................................................................................................... 13 6.2. Esthetische kenmerken ......................................................................................................... 14 6.3. Stabiliteit .............................................................................................................................. 15 6.3.1. Stabiliteitsprincipes voorbeeldprojecten ...................................................................... 16 6.4. Gewicht................................................................................................................................. 19 6.5. Functionaliteit....................................................................................................................... 20 6.5.1. Netto/bruto-verdiepingshoogte ................................................................................... 20 6.5.2. Netto/bruto-vloerverhouding ....................................................................................... 20 6.6. Uitvoering ............................................................................................................................
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