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Joint spatial planning department of Berlin and Brandenburg

Joint Planning for Berlin and Brandenburg

CAPITAL REGION OF BERLIN-BRANDENBURG gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 2 gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 1

Joint Planning for Berlin and Brandenburg

CAPITAL REGION OF BERLIN-BRANDENBURG Content

3 Preface

4 Regional Planning in Berlin and Brandenburg

6 Framework Conditions and Cornerstones for the Spatial Development of the Capital Region of Berlin-Brandenburg

Core Topics of the State Development Plan Berlin – Brandenburg (LEP B-B) and their Implementation

10 Capital Region of Berlin-Brandenburg

14 General-interest Services and the System of Central Places

18 Cultural Landscapes

22 Settlement Development

26 Large Scale Retail Businesses

30 Open Space Development

34 Transport

38 Energy

40 Imprint

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Preface

“Berlin and Brandenburg plan together”

Berlin and Brandenburg are planning together for the capital region of Germany. State planning creates, based on spatial plans and programs, state-crossing concepts and initiatives, preconditions for an orderly spatial development. For fulfilling this task, both federal states make use of one authority, the Joint Spatial Planning Department of Berlin and Brandenburg.

State planning has always been a communicative process aiming at the development of a common, holistic concept Michael Müller Jörg Vogelsänger for the use of the landscape together with all involved Berlin Senator for Urban Minister of Infrastructure and Development and Environment Agriculture of the federal state stakeholders. It is the challenge to harmonise different of Brandenburg interests for the use of limited spaces and resources. State planning evades quick decisions of the political shaping sectoral policies, e.g. for coping with the conse- day-to-day business. It is the sustainable success of state quences of the demographic change. The key focus here planning to assess spatially relevant developments in the is the sustainable protection of our natural fundamentals long run and to act with forethought. When opening a new of life, e.g. by reducing the use of spaces within the transport connection, a shopping centre, an industrial site framework of the future settlement and transport policy, or or a new residential area, it is often neglected that state by ensuring future-oriented and sustainable infrastructural planning has encouraged, even years before, investments offers of general-interest public services. in a regionally compatible, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly manner. State control is often New challenges focus on ensuring spaces for an environ- only asked for by the public if a project is discussed mentally-friendly power generation, as well as on facing controversially, or if it has to be approved at regional the consequences of climate change. The thus related level. Then, the competence of state planning is needed issues refer to the capital region as a whole. Therefore, for moderating and solving spatial conflicts. the Joint Spatial Planning Department will be challenged also in the future to answer to those issues from a long- Within 1 years of joint state planning in Berlin and term point of view crossing policy fields and state borders. Brandenburg, the tools of planning have continuously been developed. The comprehensive content-related We hope that this brochure will arouse the broad interest process of review has reached essential objectives by of political units, administrative authorities, municipalities the definition of a common overall concept for the capital and the public. region, the new version of the State Development Pro- gram 2007 (LEPro 2007) and the determination of the integrated State Development Plan Berlin-Brandenburg (LEP B-B) in 2009. Michael Müller Jörg Vogelsänger

Now, priority is given to the task to implement the content together, both as regards the adjustment of land use planning, in regional planning procedures or when

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Regional Planning in Berlin and Brandenburg

The space we are living in cannot be arbitrarily extended pre pared in common for the entire region as well as for and is therefore a scarce resource. The place where the partial spaces of the federal states (as spatial and we live, work or go shopping, where we relax or want to functional partial plans). For this purpose, the Joint protect nature, where we use roads, rail or pipes should Spatial Planning Department of Berlin and Brandenburg be well organised. These manifold utilization demands was established, i.e. an authority being operated by both may cause conflicts that might be avoided or minimised federal states. by spatial planning at an early stage. And that’s exact the task of regional planning: It harmonises social and In cooperation with the institutions of technical planning, the economic needs regarding the space with ecological local authorities and the citizens, the joint spatial planning functions to secure permanently balanced usage and department prepares future-oriented framework conditions sustainable developments. This is done at an intensive, of regional planning for the development of the capital i.e. regional level, mainly through state and regional region. An informal overall concept for the “Capital Region planning. of Berlin – Brandenburg” indicates the direction to be taken. The formal provisions in the State Development Program and the State Development Plans base on this overall State Planning concept.

State planning – that’s the superior, supra-regional and In Berlin and Brandenburg, the following programs and interdisciplinary planning for the spatial development of plans are in force based on a state planning contract: a federal state. In Berlin and Brandenburg, these planning • State Development Program 2007 (LEPro 2007), activities are performed with joint responsibility of two • State Development Plan Berlin-Brandenburg (LEP B-B) federal states. Spatial development plans are being and • State Development Plan on the Development of the Airport Location (LEP FS).

Mecklenburg- Vorpommern Apart from this, § 19 (11) of the State Development Program of 2003 has been applicable as well. In Branden- burg the following is valid as well: • brown coal and brown coal rehabilitation plans according Nieder- sachsen to the law on regional planning and brown coal and rehabilitation planning. POLSKA

Regional Planning Berlin

Sachsen- Anhalt For Brandenburg, five regional planning zones exist Berliner Umland extending in sectoral terms from Berlin to the state border: 1) Havelland-Fläming 2) Prignitz-Oberhavel weiterer Metropolenraum 3) Uckermark-Barnim 4) Oderland-Spree 5) Lausitz-Spreewald

The regional planning associations have been the responsible body for regional planning. It is their main duty 0 100 2010 20 40 km40 km Sachsen to prepare, modify and update regional plans. Spatial categories of the capital region: Berlin, Berlin hinterland and other metropolitan areas

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Regional plans put the high-level specifications of state Regional Planning in Berlin-Brandenburg planning in concrete terms and include differentiated State Development Program 2007 regulations for the respective planning space in terms of the federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg (LEPro 2007) of developing the settlement and open space structures, State Development ...... State Development ...... brown coal and as well as the infrastructure. Plan Plan on the brown coal Berlin-Brandenburg development of the rehabilitation plans In Berlin, the land utilization plan adopted by the regional (LEP B-B) airport location Brandenburg parliament includes important issues for the entire city Scale 1: 250 000 (LEP FS) Scale 1: 50 000 region, also as regards regional planning. Scale 1: 100 000 Brandenburg Regional Planning Scale 1: 100 000 Elements of regional planning of the Berlin Land Utilization Plan Target groups (FNP) Scale 1: 25 000

With the coming into force of the LEP B-B as legal provision of the two state governments (15 May 2009) Impact being applicable to the respective state area (Berlin: federal gazette, p. 182; Brandenburg: federal gazette, These planning documents, i.e. the State Development II p. 186) the stipulations shall be binding both for the Program, the state development plans, the regional subordinated levels of spatial planning as well as for plans in the Brandenburg state und the regional-planning technical planning. content of the Berlin Land Utilization Plan form together the basis for assessing the accuracy of fit and compatibi- The target groups of state planning are: lity of planning procedures and measures in terms of re- • the cites/towns and municipalities and the local gional development to be performed by municipalities and authority associations, project leaders in the common planning region of Berlin- • the regional planning, Brandenburg. • the technical planning, • the other public authorities and In case of space-relevant planning, projects and any • people of private law according to § 4 sub-par. 1 measure occupying spaces, or influencing the rural of the Regional Planning Act. development or function of an area the objects of regional development have to be considered, and the fundamen-

State of Brandenburg tals of regional development have to be taken into Planning regions account.

The objectives of regional planning are binding, i.e. they have to be taken into account in subsequent planning and approval procedures. The fundamentals of regional planning have to be taken into consideration, i.e. they are guidelines for decisions to be taken on the basis of State considerations and discretion in procedures to follow. of Berlin LEPro 2007 includes the basic principles of regional planning; the LEP B-B formulates objectives and principles of regional planning.

If high-level regulations of state planning are changed State of Brandenburg they do not edge out coinciding objectives and fundamen- Planning regions tals of regional planning. Where applicable, this causes a respective need for adaptation, i.e. revision of the regional plans.

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Framework Conditions and Cornerstones for the Spatial Development of the Capital Region of Berlin-Brandenburg

Regional planning makes reliable specifications that have This has, among other things, become obvious by the to be, however, adjusted to changing conditions from time adjustment of the overall concept of the “Decentralised to time. Thus, changed framework conditions and the Concentration” that was further developed to get the spatial development in the capital region required some new overall concept of “Strengthening Strengths”. adaptation of previous state planning guidelines in the past few years. In this respect, it has been especially the The LEPro 2007 focuses on this new overall concept demographic change leading to new focal points of state providing programmatic cornerstones for spatial basic planning. orientation. LEPro 2007 and, in addition the LEP B-B, make decisions for core issues being essential in terms of state planning to achieve a balanced development of the entire space. They also grant some leeway for subsequent planning measures, e.g. of the municipalities. Other issues, such as brown coal planning or the implementation of brown coal rehabilitation are not part of these common regional development plans.

Creating new spatial partnerships within the European context

Any instrument, program or plan of regional planning requires application and implementation on the part of the stakeholders in both federal states, in the regions and at municipal level.

In the capital region of Berlin-Brandenburg, the spatial Structural Concept according to LEP B-B prerequisites for strengthening international and national competiveness shall be improved within a Europe of the

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regions. For this purpose, the capital region has to make use of the interplay of all metropolitan and regional potentials and to further develop its attractiveness.

Activating spatial responsibility-communities is an important instrument on this way. They focus on the creation of prerequisites for future spatial and economic developments. By means of the spatial responsibility communities, Berlin and Brandenburg will improve their chances together. Recognising and using the specific geopolitical situation are of importance as well.

Extensive responsibility communities and border-crossing regions of cooperation with the Polish neighbours, with neighbouring federal states such as Mecklenburg Western-Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt or Saxony, as well as the cooperation between the capital region and other metropolitan regions are essential development funda- mentals on international scale. Sectoral and infrastructu- ral networking contributes to improve the chances of economic development. This offer for cooperation mainly applies also to those regions being outside the economic core region of the EU. Cooperation and networking in the North-East (no planning stipulations) Core Topics of the State Development Plan Berlin – Brandenburg (LEP B-B) Supporting growth and innovation and their Implementation The concentration of the existing efficient structures within The State Development Plan of Berlin-Brandenburg the space – that’s the core of the development strategy (LEP B-B) of both federal states. This one comprises setting • integrates the capital region in national and priorities in economy, infrastructure, culture, education international interweavements, and science. Funding policy has responded to this by • regulates the services of general interest in spatial concentrating on competence fields in Berlin and by terms, placing spatial focal points in the federal state of Branden- • orientates the infrastructural development towards burg. spatial focal points, • protects open spaces and natural resources and The rural areas will be further strengthened by the sub- • encourages stakeholders at municipal and regional vention of agricultural areas and the subvention policy levels to create scopes for action. of the integrated rural development. Based on function and area-related definitions on regional planning, the LEP B-B- creates framework conditions for the economic development. However, it does not fix any funding priorities in spatial terms.

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Structuring general-interest services in spatial terms and focussing infrastructural development on spatial main points

The different, partially adverse development of population will continue also in future in the entire region of Berlin- Brandenburg.

As the population in Berlin and the Berlin hinterland will remain stable or increase slightly, it will further decrease in the other metropolitan region. Furthermore, the portion of elderly people will increase steadily there.

Dealing with the demographic change is one of the topical challenges in the capital region. This change has an impact on the spatial structure and therefore requires modified state planning. The general-interest services having a community-crossing impact have been ensured by regional development through an adjusted System of Central Places.

Development of population in Berlin, in the Berlin hinterland and in the remaining metropolitan region Partial space ...... Population ...... Population ...... Forecast on ...... Development of ...... Forecasted 1990 2009 population Population development of 2030 1990-2009 population in % 2009-2030 in % Berlin 3433695 3442675 3475827 -0,3 1,0 Berliner hinterland 660999 901146 955908 36,3 6,1 Further metropolitan region 1928386 1610379 1271419 -16,5 -21,0 Entire space 6023080 5954200 5703154 -1,1 -4,2

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Development of building and open spaces in Berlin, in the Berlin hinterland and in the remaining metropolitan region Partial space ...... Building and open space ...... Building and open space ...... Development [ha] 2000 [ha] 2008 of building and open space 2000-2008 in % Berlin 35856 36834 2,7 Berliner hinterland 32069 36180 12,8 Further metropolitan region 93287 99111 6,2 Entire space 161212 172125 6,8

Protecting open spaces and Accepting cultural landscapes preserving resources as areas of action

Undeveloped areas are still used for the erection of The development of cultural landscapes shall be imparted residential houses, commercial buildings and for the as an integrative task of various regional stakeholders. extension of the infrastructure. This utilisation of spaces Chances for development and creation are not seen in leads to a continuous loss of open spaces with their the context of an interaction side by side or against each functions for the ecosystem and climate protection, other of urban or rural, tourist or energy-economic for recreation, agriculture and forestry, the production structures, of industrial or agricultural structures, but of renewable resources or safeguarding on-site raw focus is given on linking their potentials. materials. In this respect, cultural landscapes are areas of action According to the principle of sustainability, the LEP B-B for cooperative development. They base on common provides specifications for avoiding the use of open history, traditions, on typical products, certain unique spaces as well as of non-renewable natural resources. features unparalleled and specific development approaches, as well as other peculiarities.

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Capital Region of Berlin-Brandenburg

Berlin and Brandenburg supplement each other

In the capital region of Berlin – It has been the common objective Brandenburg, the special features of both federal states to use and of a metropolis combine with small develop the strengths and potentials structures of a mainly sparsely of the various partial spaces, to pool populated state. In this respect, their energies and to create the strengths and potentials supplement future of the capital region together each other in many cases. with the people.

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The overall concept of the capital region

Both federal states therefore developed – as the first German metropolitan region – a common overall concept within the framework of an extensive discussion process, this common overall concept was approved in 2006. Since that time, the region has been named “Capital Region of Berlin-Brandenburg” and as such it has been included in the overall concept on spatial planning of the Federation and the federal states.

The overall concept offers an orien- tation framework for the common The region has got numerous development of both federal states strengths including, among other within the next 15 years. It describes things, an excellent research objectives and indicates steps for its and science landscape, a flexible implementation. and innovative economy as well as an internationally popular cultural Inwards, the overall concept shall offer, the considerable potentials serve the self-understanding of the of the federal capital, the diverse region and show common future and attractive landscape and unique perspectives and complementary cultural landscapes, as well as the strengths. complementarity of metropolis and region. Priority is given to the Outwards, the overall concept shall extension and use of these show the potentials of the capital strengths. region and promote the location of Berlin-Brandenburg. The overall concept also contributes to the understanding to what extent Berlin and Brandenburg belong to each other. Developing a common identity constitutes a compulsory element for the joint growing of the region.

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Integration in European Spatial Development

The capital region of Berlin-Branden- programs. They strengthen the burg is integrated in the recommen- accessibility of the regions, further dations and initiatives of the innovations, the improvement of European Regional Development. competitiveness of the cities/towns The territorial agenda of the EU of and regions and the environmental 2007 indicated the need for action in risk management. The capital the next years in order to implement region uses the opportunities of together objectives stipulated in the cooperation within the framework European Regional Development of promoting the EU and it supports Concept already in 1999. numerous transnational projects of regional development. The co - In order to support this process, operation within the Baltic-Adriatic- the European ministers for regional Development Corridor is of utmost development agreed on subvention importance.

Baltic-Adriatic-Development Corridor as a developmental task

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The transnational cooperation at Alliances have to be formed across various levels mainly serves the regional and state borders and they following objectives: have to be further strengthened to • improving the economic receive concrete investments serving attractiveness of the capital region, the involvement of the capital region • developing and marketing its in the European infra- and economic spatial main issues more structure. purposefully • including its infrastructural require- ments in the European formation process, in particular regarding the revision of the trans-European networks.

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General-interest Services and the System of Central Places

General-interest services – Range of services of public authorities

The term of general-interest services the operator’s structure, part of the stands for the provision of public formerly public offers of general- facilities and services for the public interest services have been passed such as the supply of gas, water and over to private sponsorship. electricity, garbage collection, waste water disposal, transport services, For part of frequently demanded educational and cultural institutions, goods and services, traditional hospitals, cemeteries, swimming structures of private economy exist pools operated by public authorities, so that, e.g. goods of retail, services i.e. by the Federation, the states and of banking business or cultural municipalities. The required facilities service offers such as cinema are are also called technical and social not exclusively provided by state infrastructures. Due to the change of or municipal bodies.

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Local Government Reform – Areas of action for basic provision

Since the completion of the local government reform in 2003, the Brandenburg state has got 148 administratively independent municipalities and 53 local authori- ties in which at least 5,000 people were registered in those days. This is a largely functional structure for the organisation of the general- interest services in the field of basic provision, i.e. of institutions and service offers that are often required and therefore require proximity to Central Places as a controlling approach of regional those institutions. The administrati- planning for the general-interest services being active vely independent municipalities in a municipality-crossing manner and local authorities in the Branden- burg state constitute the spatial As regards the spatial control of Regional planning uses the tool of framework for the organisation of institutions for general-interest the Central Places to influence the basic provision. services of special and advanced provision of such institutions within needs, i.e. such offers of the general- the state having a bigger spatial interest services being above the frame of reference. Mecklenburg- Vorpommern level of basic needs, state planning uses the tool of Central Places. The System of Central Places has

Nieder- The Central Places form a spatial got a hierarchic structure. In Central sachsen system of orientation for providing Places at the level of the middle- POLSKA offers for general-interest services order centres, advanced functions for which a demand exists that of general-interest services shall

Berlin cannot be met in every municipality. be held out. This includes, among Sachsen- Anhalt other things, secondary schools, State planning thus focuses on the high-quality health offers, cultural control of such offers providing and educational institutions being general-interest services, going active in a municipal-crossing man- beyond the region of the administra - ner, bigger sports facilities, or also tively independent municipality or spaces of intensive retail. In the local authority. high-order centres, the citizens get

0 10 20 40 km Sachsen sufficient high-quality offers such as Areas of basic provision according to LEP B-B universities, high courts or theatres. At the same time, the high-order centres also perform the tasks of the middle-order centres for a smaller spatial reference area.

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As far as the so-called metropolitan Within an area of the administratively The middle-order centres shall act functions of Berlin are concerned, the independent municipalities and of as multi-functional centres like offers focus on a perspective going the local authorities, state planning anchors within the space and are beyond the function of high-order recommends the determination of spatial centres for various advanced centres having important reference spatial main functions. Thus, the lo- functions of general-interest services points both at federal as well as at cations for facilities of basic provision in the respective area influenced by European level. can be bundled in spatial terms in middle-order centres. order to generate synergy effects as The provision of offers for general- regards the access to these facilities interest services requires a sustainable by means of transport. Consolidation of the municipal structure. This one must network of middle-order possess sufficient administrative and Concepts of centres of the municipa- centres entertainment “power” to be able to lities and their coordination within the organise such services for the framework of regional planning may By lowering the criteria of sustaina - inhabitants of the municipality. contribute to implement this task. bility, i.e. the number of inhabitants being required for determining an That’s the reason why the formation area influenced by middle-order of efficient administrative structures Areas influenced by centres, the network of middle-order has been promoted since the re-emer- middle-order centres centres could be consolidated in the gence of the Brandenburg state; within (Mittelbereiche) are areas Brandenburg state. The number of the framework of the demographic of action for the inter- cities/towns and municipalities with change these structures have been municipal coordination a function of a middle-order centre checked, in the medium term, for their of the general-interest in the Brandenburg state increased required feasibility and, if necessary, services from 37 up to 54. In this respect, they will have to be further developed. eight middle-order centres are for- State planning creates a spatial ori- med by two towns each sharing

Mecklenburg- entation system for the advanced their functions; the previous planning Vorpommern

Prenzlau and high-quality demand in the field included only three of such pairs.

Pritzwalk of general-interest services. The The determination of towns with a

Perleberg Wittstock/ Dosse Templi n Nieder- Schwedt/ System of the Central Places in the lower number of inhabitants in spar- Gransee Oder sachsen Wittenberge

Zehdenick Kyritz Neuruppin capital region of Berlin-Brandenburg sely populated partial regions of the Eberswalde POLSKA Oranienburg consists of the levels of metropolis, Brandenburg state as middle-order Bad Freienwalde Hennigsdorf Rathenow Bernau Nauen bei Berlin high-order centres and middle-order centres provides an approach for Strausberg Seelow Falkensee Neuenhagen bei Berlin Berlin centres. setting focal points for the economic, Werder Potsdam Sachsen- (Havel) Fürstenwalde/ Spree Anhalt Brandenburg Telt ow Erkner an der Havel Schöne- feld Wildau social and cultural life also in rural Ludwigsfelde Frankfurt Königs (Oder) Beelitz Wuster- The middle-order centres constitute areas. In the dynamically developing Zossen hausen Beeskow Luckenwalde Bad Belzig Eisen- hütten- stadt the core of this offer System of Berlin hinterland the determination

Jüterbog Lübben (Spreewald) Guben Central Places taking over tasks of of towns and municipalities aims at

Lübbenau/ Spreewald Cottbus Herzberg provision for the respective sphere designating suitable locations for (Elster) Forst Finsterwalde (Lausitz) Groß- räschen Spremberg of influence. Based on the standards such facilities that cannot be provi-

Bad Lauchhammer Lieben- Senften- werda berg for sustainability and accessibility ded for in each municipality. Elster- Schwarz- werda heide 0 10 0 20 10 2040 km 40 km Sachsen 46 areas influenced by middle-order Areas influenced by middle-order centres centres have been fixed in the according to LEP B-B Brandenburg state in which most capable and highly functional muni - cipalities have been defined as Central Places.

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The efficiency of the Central Places Mecklenburg- Vorpommern has been secured by their integration

Prenzlau in extensive and regional transport networks. In the Brandenburg state, Pritzwalk sustainability and accessibility limits Perleberg Wittstock/ Dosse Templi n have been fixed for the network Nieder- Schwedt/ Gransee Oder sachsen Wittenberge structure and density of Central Zehdenick Kyritz Neuruppin Places for this purpose enabling the Eberswalde POLSKA Oranienburg access to the Central Place from all Bad Freienwalde municipalities of the area influenced Hennigsdorf Rathenow Bernau Nauen bei Berlin by middle-order centres within Strausberg Seelow Falkensee Neuenhagen generally 30 minutes, but within bei Berlin Berlin Werder Potsdam 45 minutes at most via road. Sachsen- (Havel) Fürstenwalde/ Spree Anhalt Brandenburg Telt ow Erkner an der Havel Schöne- feld Wildau Ludwigsfelde Frankfurt Königs (Oder) Beelitz Wuster- Zossen hausen Beeskow Luckenwalde Inter-municipal coopera- Bad Belzig Eisen- hütten- tion becomes more im- stadt

Jüterbog Lübben (Spreewald) portant Guben

Lübbenau/ Spreewald Cottbus For organising municipal offers of the Herzberg (Elster) Forst general-interest services a munici- Finsterwalde (Lausitz) Groß- räschen Spremberg pal-crossing coordination is useful to Bad Lauchhammer a greater extent. A binding structure Lieben- Senften- werda berg Elster- Schwarz- werda heide of cooperation between the munici- 0 10 20 40 km Sachsen palities and local authorities involved High-order and middle-order centres according to LEP B-B (dark red: consolidation of the network may be helpful for inter-municipal compared to LEP I) coordination and agreements. The areas influenced by middle-order Orientation for public and But the precise arrangement of the centres determined in terms of regio- private stakeholders functional profile of a middle-order nal planning, i.e. the Central Places centre results from the capacity of and the respective municipalities Planning activities of public and pri- the space and from the priorities of the sphere of influence, show a vate providers of supra-municipally set by the respective regional stake- suitable size for such “responsibility effective infrastructural offers shall be holders. communities at middle-order level”. geared to the Central Places. Deter- mining a Central Place neither rela- In order to secure the function of tes to the safeguarding of institutions Central Places as regional retail nor to a claim for the new settlement centres, the settlement of extensive of certain functions. The Branden- retail businesses is basically only burg state supports the towns and admissible in Central Places. The municipalities being fixed as Central establishment of retail businesses Places by additional burden balan- for ensuring the local supply is, cing in the fiscal equalisation system however, basically possible in all when providing regionally efficient municipalities. institutions and service offers.

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Cultural Landscapes

Cultural Landscapes – Chances for regional development

Cultural landscapes have been and character of the regions. The formed through human impact. appearance of the cultural landsca- Anything that started with the pes have been marked by traces of sedentariness in the age of agri - historical use, but also by the current culturally marked societies and that demands of use and protection, also continued at a large scale in the by the requirements of agriculture industrial age, that are change and and forestry, of settlement and trans- adaptation of our natural spaces port development, of the generation due to changing demands of use. of raw materials, energy industry and Nowadays, cultural landscapes of the protection of resources, the are highly appreciated as important environment, nature and historical elements supporting the identity monuments.

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Diversity of the cultural Development of cultural landscapes landscapes in Berlin and to strengthen regional potentials Brandenburg The LEPro 2007 deals with this inno- In terms of cultural landscapes, vative approach that does not only Brandenburg and Berlin have been focus on the protection of elements diversely structured and have been worthwhile to protect, but also on the characterised by very different holistic qualitative development of regional stakeholders. Within the the cultural landscapes: The cultural framework of its superior function of landscape shall be maintained in its coordination, regional planning does diversity and shall be further develo- not only influence the appearance ped for the purpose of strengthening of the cultural landscape, but it also regional identity and economic deals, to an increasing extent, acti- power. This diversity does not only vely with the development of cultural include towns/cities and villages, the landscapes within the framework Märkisch forests, fields and lakes. Chances for development and crea- of the participative, action-orientated They also comprise the various tion are not just seen in underlining regional development. urban quarters, the post-mining land- the coexistence of urban or rural, of scapes of brown coal mining marked tourist or energetic, industrial or agri- by the IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land, the cultural landscapes, but within the former military locations and the new context of their connection. Spatial energy landscapes. development is understood as an in- tegrative task of different regional stakeholders by taking up their regio- nal peculiarities and strengths. Here, state planning provides a framework being detailed and implemented at regional and local levels.

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Cultural landscapes as action areas of cooperative regional development

The LEP B-B provides stimuli for the Cultural landscapes shall be identi- development of cultural landscapes fied at regional level and overall as action areas of cooperative regio- concepts shall be formulated aimed nal development. at their further development. The regional networking of controlling approaches important for cultural landscapes and the involvement of the commitment of the citizens, strategies and development con- cepts shall be prepared and imple- mented for these action areas of cultural landscape. Networks, con- trolling approaches or regionally efficient projects shall guarantee, inwards, the regional capacity for action and, outwards, the articulation of regional interests as well as a certain marketing impact.

In Berlin and Brandenburg, there have already been numerous part- nerships, projects and networks for an active arrangement of our cultural landscape (cf. GL brochure “Cultural Landscapes in Berlin and Brandenburg”).

Some ideas for the cultural landscape action areas in Berlin and Brandenburg

Legend Brandenburg cities and towns of the consortium “Cities/towns with historical city centres : Altlandsberg, Angermünde, Bad Freienwalde (Oder), Beelitz, Beeskow, Belzig, Brandenburg an der Havel, Dahme/Mark, Doberlug-Kirchhain, Gransee, Herzberg (Elster), Jüterbog, Kremmen, Kyritz, Lenzen (Elbe), Luckau, Lübbenau/Spreewald, Mühlberg/Elbe, Nauen, Neuruppin, Peitz, Perleberg, Potsdam, Rheinsberg, Templin, Treuenbrietzen, Uebigau-Wahrenbrück, Werder (Havel), Wittstock/ Dosse, Wusterhausen/Dosse, Ziesar Spa and bathing resorts: Bad Freienwalde (Oder), Bad Liebenwerda, Bad Saarow, Bad Wilsnack, Belzig, Buckow (Märkische Schweiz), Burg (Spreewald), Templin Historical city centre locations of Berlin: Berlin/Cölln, Charlottenburg, Köpenick, Lichtenberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Spandau, Wilmersdorf

Source: LEP B-B

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Due to the challenges of the demo- graphic development, of climate change and energy change these examples should help to understand that an active creation of the cultural landscapes might be a chance for an integrated regional development in the other regions. Cultural land- scapes may not be transfigured as ”idylls”, but they shall reflect a future- oriented, also social-economically successful regional development.

Regional park route – Going round Berlin by bike

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Settlement Development

Connecting new settlement spaces with spatial centres

State planning controls the future At the same time, the so-called settlement development. This one sub-urbanisation has continued. has been determined by the challen- Not only from Berlin, but also ges of the demographic change in from Brandenburg towns, many the Brandenburg state. In some inhabitants move to the adjacent regions, the number of inhabitants is hinterland. Here, open space be - considerably decreasing, in particular comes building land, urban sprawl in the periphery of the metropolitan progresses. These development region. Towns and villages are tendencies have been directed getting emptier. by the state planning to spatially compatible locations.

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Schematic presentation of the determinations of LEP B-B on controlling the development of spaces for housing ...... Berlin and Berlin hinterland Other metropolitan space Rural reference Settlement-developing Settlement areas outside the Settlement- Central Places Non-Central Places (core region Berlin + developing areas (spaces between the axes) Settlement axes)

Target of control Concentration - Limitation to internal development and Concentration - Limitation to internal without quantitative additional development option without quantitative development and restriction restriction development option

It is a basic principle of regional spaces, settlement development is planning to concentrate settlement basically enabled. This developing development on existing spatial main area does, however, not equate buil- areas. At the same time, the open ding spaces. Within this “settlement- space is protected against extensive developing area”, the municipalities building activities and fragmentation. have got extensive scope and thus In this respect, settlement develop- they are also responsible for the ment is geared to the principles of sustainable municipal planning. sustainability. In particular, the new building of residential areas shall be And the like, state planning does not concentrated in suitable locations. limit the settlement development in the Central Places in the remaining The most important development metropolitan region in quantitative Settlement-developing area options for settlement spaces in terms. Also there, the basic principle (part of the map 1 LEP B-B) Berlin and the Berlin hinterland are of concentrating the settlement deve- being concentrated in the core area lopment on existing spatial centre is of Berlin, as well as along “settle- applicable. Thus, future spaces for ment axes”. These axes have been residential areas are developed at developed by efficient rail routes so such locations that can ensure all that a new building of residential functions of general-interest services areas does not necessarily lead to also in the long-term, i.e. where an increase in the volume of passen- doctors and schools, leisure time ger cars there. As regards the core offers and jobs are available. area of Berlin and the Berlin hinter- land, state planning fixes a “settle- ment-developing area”. In such

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Giving priority to the Beyond this state planning frame- The existing infrastructure, i.e. offers internal development work, the development of further for roads, supply and disposal lines spaces for residential areas is admis- as well as schools, kindergartens sible in individual cases if settlement and other social institutions are being structural conditions do not allow secured due to the concentration on any internal development, or if a pro- the internal development as regards ven specific need of the municipality the existing facilities. New costly justifies an additional external deve- investments in the infrastructure may lopment. As regards the forecasted be avoided. This becomes also population development, these possible since sufficient conversion scopes (internal development, addi- spaces being close to the respective tional development option as well as settlement may be used in cities/ exceptions in the individual case) towns and many municipalities after- correspond to the future demand for wards. Internal development development, also for municipalities with a negative development of According to sustainable develop- The settlement development in areas population. The quality of landscapes ment and the own strengthening, outside the “settlement-developing will be thus maintained. such municipalities shall make use area” and in non-Central Places in of all options for internal develop- the other metropolitan region shall Based on its guidelines, the LEP ment to reach site recycling manage- mainly be geared to the internal de- B-B does not focus on quantitative ment. In particular, the use of brown velopment. Thus, “consolidations” of objectives, but on qualitative ones. fields and of empty buildings corres- splinter settlements are, for example, The concentration of a future settle- ponds to the objective of reasonable possible, however, extensions are ment development on the internal redevelopment. not allowed. The conversion of week- field, i.e. giving priority to the internal end homes in residential houses is development, strengthens cities/ possible if the weekend home areas towns and villages. The direct are connected with existing settle- connection of new settlement spaces ments and sufficiently developed. with existing towns and villages counteracts the further urban sprawl. By using mainly unused spaces or brownfields within the existing settlement areas, any extensive building activity can be avoided within the landscape areas. Within the framework of an own develop- ment, these municipalities get an Splitter settlement additional development option (0.5 ha / 1000 inhabitants in 10 years) beyond the internal develop- ment without neglecting the criteria of sustainability.

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However, the revitalisation of Determinations on locations for the municipalities often settlement controlling constitutes a complex challenge. take effect It often seems to be easier to plan on the “green field” and not to exploit After the LEP B-B entered into force spaces requiring rehabilitation in May 2009, current development (contaminated sites) within already plan procedures were investigated. existing settlement areas for the The table presents the development time being. This leads to a further of the planning practice of the weakening of the municipal cores. municipalities: The concentration of It is therefore important to get a real new planning procedures on the overview of the existing opportunities “settlement-developing area” and the of re-development in municipal Central Places has been successful. outside the “settlement-developing planning. These opportunities are In the other space, the internal area” and this is mainly done within often underestimated even in smaller development clearly becomes more the framework of internal develop- municipalities as regards quantity apparent. ment. and size. The “mobilisation”, i.e. the cultivation of these spaces shall be More than half of the municipal The municipal planning activities in striven for within the framework of planning activities for residential and the other metropolitan region (about municipal urban land-use planning. mixed zones (spaces for residential one third of the planned spaces for For this purpose, (inter)-municipal settlement) are being concentrated housing of the overall space) is overall concepts on settlement in the “settlement-developing area” spread across the Central Places development might be useful. (about 53 % of the B-/VE-plan spa- with an area of about 22 % of all ces). Only about 8 % of all currently planning procedures and about 15 % planned spaces for housing in the of the non-Central Places. Also here, Berlin hinterland are being planned internal development is dominating.

Evaluation LEP B-B: Land-use as well as project and development plans: summary (B and VE plans) and assessment B and VE plans with spaces for housing Spatial categories Increase in spaces for residential and mixed areas according to 4.5 (Z) sub-par. 1 no. 1-4 of the capital region (from 15 May 2009 until 14 May 2010 LEP B-B in ha in % Central Places without settlement-developing ...... Further metropolitan region ...... 69,2 ...... 22,6 area Settlement-developing area Berlin 61,7 20,1 Berliner hinterland 102,1 33,3 Internal development in non-Central Places Further metropolitan region 46,4 15,1 Development option in non-Central Places Further metropolitan region 1,2 0,4 Internal development in settlement areas Berlin 1,2 0,4 outside the developing area Berliner hinterland 24,4 8,0 Development option in settlement areas Berlin 0,0 0,0 outside the developing area Berliner hinterland 0,5 0,2 Sum of spaces for housing Overall space 306,7 100,0

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Large scale retail businesses

Change of the structures in retail business having consequences for the consumer-close provision and for spatial development

Since 1990, the retail business of Also in the outskirts of Berlin, the ness have contributed to this fact the capital region has experienced sales areas have increased conside- to an increasing extent. The wishes huge changes. In Brandenburg, rably. This development has accele- of the customers to get a broader many sales areas, i.e. supermarkets, rated in the past few years. and more diverse offer of products, discounters and special shopping but also framework conditions of markets have been newly built. Mainly outside the city centres, the business administration and the in- In particular, those administrative sales areas have increased above creased mobility of the customers districts adjacent to Berlin have ex- average. New forms of business have caused this structural change perienced considerable growth rates. such as the large scale retail busi- to large scale locations.

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These new settlements, on the one Spatial planning control of the large scale retail hand, and the closing of less business attractive or less profitable locations, on the other hand, led to a conside- State planning focuses on consolida- mostly in local connection with rable change in the network of tion and strengthening of the Central locations of cultural and service locations of retail businesses. All in Places and of the inner-cities by facilities. Such a local concentration all, a “thinning out” and concentration setting a clear framework. The local ensures sustainable, attractive offers of the locations of retail trade, as supply of the population with goods of trade and services accessible for well as relocations to the outskirts and services shall be ensured. For the majority of the population also could be noticed. The importance this purpose, the central supply without a car also under the frame- of the inner cities with their central functions of the urban and municipal work conditions of the demographic functions of provision has been often centres shall be maintained and change. weakened. In rural areas, the oppor- extended. However, settlements tunity to go shopping near one’s of big shopping centres outsides The spatial planning control of retail place of leaving has been reduced. Central Places or on the “greenfield” business through LEP B-B refers to shall be avoided. large scale retail facilities. According This has led to the fact that, nowa- to a new decision of the Federal days, the people often have to go by Bundling the retail business in the Administrative Court, this definition car to go shopping and this requires inner-cities and town centres refers to facilities with a sales area additional expenses to be spent for constitutes an important strategy, of more than 800 m². infrastructure, mainly for roads, but also for development measures for power, water, waste water. Land use has been increasing.

In particular in the foodstuff sector, discount-oriented extensive retail facilities prevail to a greater extent. The number of smaller retail busi- nesses, however, serving the local supply of non-mobile citizens is decreasing in central locations. In such a particular situation, a spatial control of retail projects for a struc- tured development of towns and municipalities, the strengthening of the inner-city retail trade and ensuring the local supply of consu- mers are of special importance. This control mainly lies within the responsibility of the towns and Urban core areas in Berlin and the hinterland according to LEP B-B (map 2) municipalities. The tools of regional planning form the respective frame- work thereof and support this process.

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• Superior offers of retail trade, Cities/towns and munici- in particular large scale retail palities put the framework businesses are to concentrate in of state planning in the Central Places (concentration concrete terms requirement), and they have to correspond to the central sphere It has been the task of the cities/ of influence and the respective towns and municipalities to put the function of central importance framework of state planning in (congruency requirement) accor- concrete terms at municipal level. ding to kind, location and scope. Thus, the cities/towns and munici - This enables – also with regard palities have to ensure that, when to the foreseeable demographic Delimitation of central areas of supply determining the local building law, changes – a favourably accessible some strengthening of the inner- retail supply in the spheres of • Only large scale retail facilities with cities and by this of the local supply influence also for the advanced, a non-centrally relevant core range will be enabled. For instance, nega- non-periodic demand and supports of products (e.g. furniture, DIY tive effects on the urban and local a balanced settlement structure. superstores or garden centres) are centres and by this on the local • The allocation of large scale retail also admissible at other sites in supply adjacent to retail businesses businesses with central-relevant the Central Place. The list of the may also be caused by such compa- product ranges to the urban core range of products included in the nies being below the threshold of areas (integration requirement) LEP B-B forms the basis for large scale business if they settle at strengthens the attractiveness of determining and illustrating the outskirts or in industrial areas outside the inner-cities and district centres range of products. the inner-cities. That’s the reason in case of good accessibility also • For ensuring a local supply with why an integrated procedure focused by public means of transport. In goods and services for the daily on the entire urban and municipal Berlin and the Central Places of needs (basic provision) in munici- region is of high importance for the the Berlin hinterland, the urban palities not being Central Places control of retail businesses. core areas are fixed by symbolic the settlement of large scale retail representation in terms of state businesses is possible with planning. restricted sales spaces and pro- duct ranges.

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Important municipal fields of action: • Delimitation of central fields of order centres to ensure a balanced • Preparation of retail and centre provision (both for regional/supra- development of the retail business concepts to harmonise the munici- regional functions of provision and, in all municipalities of the areas in- pal objectives and commercial if necessary, binding implementa- fluenced by middle-order centres framework conditions. It is the tion in local planning law. according to the respective alloca- target to direct retail projects to • Intensification of the coordination tion of functions. integrated inner-city locations and between function-sharing Central to stimulate the existing inner-city Places as well as between the Cen- For the majority of the Central Places retail business to take measures tral Places and the municipalities in in Brandenburg and the Berlin to increase its attractiveness. the areas influenced by middle- boroughs, municipal retail and centre concepts exist or have been prepared in between. Mecklenburg- Vorpommern

Prenzlau

Perleberg Pritzwalk Wittstock/ Dosse Gransee Schwedt/ Nieder- Templin Oder sachsen Wittenberge Kyritz Zehdenick Neuruppin Eberswalde POLSKA Oranienburg Wandlitz Bad Freienwalde (Oder) Velten Glienicke/ Rathenow Hennigs- Nordbahn Bernau dorf bei Berlin Nauen Falkensee Strausberg Seelow Ketzin Neuenhagen bei Berlin Potsdam Berlin Sachsen- Erkner Anhalt Brandenburg Werder Klein- Schöne- an der Havel (Havel) machnow Teltow feld Fürstenwalde/ Wildau Spree Frankfurt Ludwigs- Königs Beelitz Wuster- (Oder) felde Zossen hausen Bad Belzig Beeskow Luckenwalde Eisenhütten- stadt

Jüterbog Lübben Guben (Spreewald)

Lübbenau/ Spreewald Cottbus

Herzberg Forst (Elster) (Lausitz) Finsterwalde Großräschen Spremberg Bad Senftenberg Liebenwerda Lauch- hammer Schwarz- Elster- heide werda 0 10 20 40 km Sachsen

Overview of the municipal retail business concepts (green = existing, yellow = planned)

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Open Space Development

Open space – that’s a scarce asset that cannot be multiplied

Already in the 20ies of the last “Building areas also develop if you century, Fritz Schumacher, the do no take care of them. Open founder of the German Werkbund spaces disappear if you do not take und long-standing Hamburg building care of them”. director stated: Source: Fritz Schumacher, 1948, quoted in: Garden and Landscape, 61/1951, page 11

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Based on this insight, regional plan- Protection and development of high-quality open ning traditionally deals intensively space functions in an open space network with the protection of open spaces and the control of the settlement development. The state planning of Berlin and Brandenburg takes up the objectives of an integrated open Joachimsthal (Schorfheide) space development of previous planning (LEP eV, LEP GR). Schorfheide

Within the framework of the inte- grated open space development, Britz-Chorin-Oderberg objectives and basic principles of spatial planning are determined as Barnim regards the protection of numerous Eberswalde ecological, economic and social functions of open spaces to avoid any spatially relevant use and Bad Freienwalde (Oder) fragmentation. Unilateral burdens and overstrains of the open space that might impair its functionality Falkenberg-Höhe should remain undone as far as possible. The different open space Biesenthal-Barnim functions and uses shall be coordi- Open space network (part of map 1 LEP B-B) nated with each other. Even in times of increasing competitions of use Open spaces with advanced Within the area of the open space as they can be noticed, e.g., by functions e.g. for biotope and network, no coordination of the the increasing use of spaces for species protection or for stabilising various demands for protection renewable energies, integrated an efficient ecosystem or also open and use are performed. Any use concepts for the multiple use of the spaces with special cultural-land- harmonised with the integrated open open spaces are important. scape values, are integrated and space development such as recrea- especially protected in an extensive, tion or the proper agriculture, forestry overall open space network. and fishing industry are admissible within the open space network.

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However, the open space network They are regularly excluded within consists considerably of spaces the area of the open space network being situated in particularly pro- and are only possible under the tected areas according to law. This following exceptional conditions: might lead to special requirements • there is a public interest in reali- and residual risks exceeding the sing supra-regionally important state planning requirements for planning processes or measures protection. that cannot be implemented on spaces outside the open space The state planning regulation refers network, exclusively to the spatially important • any settlement development ad- use of land, as well as to new frag- missible in terms of state planning mentations caused by infrastructural is not possible on spaces outside routes that affect the functions of the the open space network, open space network. • the implementation of a supra- The restrictions of use within the regionally important linear infra- open space network are directed structure requires the use of against spatially important uses. spaces of the open space network. That are – according to the definition In such a case, it has to be proven in the Regional Planning Act – pro- that the project could not be imple- jects using spaces, or by which the mented without using spaces of spatial development or function of the network and that the use will an area is influenced. Small-scale be minimised. measures such as projects admissi- ble in terms of building law are not affected by this in the outer area. Any final decision on the admissibility of such projects is not taken at the level of state planning.

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Spheres of influences for subsequent planning activities

The scale of planning is decisive for conception and presentation of the open space network. The limit value for presentation amounts to 20 hectares both as regards the inclusion of spaces in the network structure, as well as regards the exclusion of existing uses. Existing small-scale uses such as develop- ments, raw material extraction and infrastructural facilities exist both at the periphery, as well as within the open space network and they are not especially excluded.

The limit value for presentation does, however, not provide any information on the spatial importance of a project. The locations being already used enjoy the right of continuance and development if a certain deve- lopment or re-use does not lead to any essential extension of the location.

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Transport

Intensified network integration of the capital region

The capital region competes with of added value mainly result from starting from Berlin from which the other European and German large scale spatial development corridors in East-West direction (from metropolitan regions. An excellent corridors in present times. The trans- London/Paris via Berlin/Brandenburg transport infrastructure as well as national transport corridors are their up to Moscow) and in North-South an improved networking with other infrastructural backbone. These direction (from Scandinavia via metropolitan regions constitutes corridors particularly serve the exten- Berlin/Brandenburg up to the Adriatic an essential prerequisite for the sive exchange of goods and altoget- region) are of special importance for development of Berlin and Branden- her the networking of the European the future development of the capital burg. Links and thus new economic- regions. In the LEP B-B, seven trans- region. spatial and infrastructural potentials port corridors have been identified

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Investments and measures shall be terms. Mobility, that’s the prerequisite mainly geared to these links. For for the well functioning of this inter- this purpose, the accessibility by rail weavement. into the direction of Scandinavia (via Rostock), the Baltic region (via Stettin) The definition of the connecting as well as to Posen/Warsaw/Baltic zones bases on a distance criterion Region/Moscow (via Frankfurt (Oder) of “thirty up to a maximum of forty- and Breslau/Kiev (via Cottbus) has to five minutes”. During this period of be improved. time, the Central Place is accessible also from the peripheral parts of the Supplementing functions to connect respective linked area just “across the Baltic Region will be performed by the road”. In this respect, alternative the former Ostbahn Berlin/Gorzóv/Pita models for meeting the mobility de- Gtovna (Schneidemühl Eisenbahn- mands of the people mainly in parts Ensuring the linking quality kreuz) up to Kaliningrad in future. of the federal state showing conside- between the Central Places rable losses in population are beco- ming more and more important. “Call Only if the nearest middle-order cen- Mobility being part of the a bus”, shared taxis or taxi busses tre and the next high-order centre general-interest services are just some examples of how the are well accessible, then the mobility needs for mobility of the population demands of the inhabitants can be The System of the Central Places can be met. To find the most suitable met. A well functioning of such acces- is the spatial model for the general- model – that’s the challenge of the sibility and of an exchange of ser- interest services. The Central Places individual communities of responsibi- vices constitutes the prerequisite for identified in the LEP B-B and their re- lity in the middle-order centres. economic developments and their spective areas of provision are closely Private and public forms of offers transport demands. linked with each other in functional may be combined with each other. The LEP B-B presents both the road as well as the rail connections bet- ween the middle-order centres and the middle and high-order centres as well as between the high-order centres. The metropolis of Berlin has been included in the system as the most important hub.

Functional transport network (part of map 1 LEP B-B)

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Difference is not being made bet- Safeguarding the Airport Berlin-Brandenburg (BER) ween large scale and supra-regional connections. The connections are geared to the existing network of federal motorways, federal and state roads and the rail connections. State planning decisions do not focus on the issue of the concrete standard of development, such as the number of lanes per direction or the kind of the trains used, but on securing the connection between the Central Places. The concrete planning of the further maintenance or extension of the road and rail and thus of the targets of spatial planning has been the task of the local authorities, in this case also of the transport authorities. In the Planning map LEP FS individual case, a planning approval procedure has to be performed be- The airport Berlin Brandenburg Upon increasing and extending the fore the sectoral planning procedure. is currently the most important capacities at the location of Schöne- infrastructural project in the feld the airports of Berlin-Tempelhof Of course, when taking decisions capital region of Berlin-Branden- and Berlin-Schönefeld have to be on the quality of connections and burg the framework of which was closed and their spaces shall be the further development of the road created through state planning regu- returned to a different use. network then the reduction of envi- lations. The state development plan ronmental pollution, in particular in on developing the airport location the zone of main-through roads, (LEP FS) stipulates that the airport of plays a certain role. If, for this pur- Berlin-Schönefeld has to be further pose, ring roads should become developed for covering the national necessary, then those ones have and international demands of air to be planned – according to the transport of the federal states of LEP B-B – such that a minimization Berlin and Brandenburg. of land use and of effects of frag- mentation will be obtained.

Common Structural Concept Area surrounding the Airport (FU-BBI)

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Whereas securing the extension of Locations of infrastructure and traffic routes the airport in planning terms is done on the basis of the state develop- In freight distribution centres, the ment plan on developing the airport goods are transhipped between location (LEP FS) the Common different carriers, compiled and Structural Concept FU-BBI was prepared for transport. Different prepared for the development of the carriers (e.g. road, rail, waterways), area surrounding the airport being transport companies, service compa- effective at state-crossing level. nies supplementing the transport offers, as well as transport-logistic Within the framework of the dialogue industrial and commercial companies forum Airport Berlin Brandenburg, have been brought together and the development of the region networked at these locations. The surrounding the airport will be further locations require respective spaces actively accompanied. for further expansion. State planning takes precautions in this respect. Until the opening of the airport BER, OPAL natural gas pipeline and compressor the scheduled flight traffic and station South to Berlin package holiday flights will be concentrated, according to LEP B-B, Cable and pipe routes (e.g. of energy on the Berlin airport system, after- industry, water supply and waste wards exclusively on the airport BER. water, of telecommunications) and This process accommodates the transport routes ensure supply and intensive public investments that mobility. At those places where they have already been made in the run along, other exploitations are infrastructure. Air transport in the restricted, immissions occur, or field of scheduled flight traffic and safety or protection clearances have package holiday flights performed Bundling of energy routes to be kept. That’s why pipelines and by aircrafts with an admissible traffic routes to be newly built have maximum take-off weight of up to The inland ports of the capital region to be spatially bundled if possible in 14,000 kg, as well as any type of with their partially comprehensive so far as there are no adverse transport not belonging to scheduled service offers and their link within the safety-relevant demands. flight traffic and package holiday European network of inland water- flights (without restriction of the ways with connections to the North Thus, the restrictions of use reduce take-off weight) shall be possible Sea and the Baltic Sea also consti- in total and the open space will also at other locations. Thus, the tute an efficient potential for increa- not be even further fragmented by further development of the air traffic sing logistic potentials. many single routes. Furthermore, is not only possible at the BER already used locations shall be location. mainly reused for projects of the technical infrastructure, supply and disposal as well as for power generation.

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Energy

Securing the use of domestic energy sources spatially

The state government adopted the Lignite mining, wind or solar parks, For the Lausitz lignite mining, control “Energy Strategy 2020” in 2008. biomass plants or energy crops may is performed at the level of state Some of the there stipulated compete with other demands of planning in the brown coal and objectives require spatial control use and protection and may change rehabilitation plans. The use of wind since power generation is mainly the cultural landscapes. The spatial energy has been spatially controlled related to land use. This mainly control and the spatially-friendly by regional planning within the refers to the various domestic energy arrangement may reduce possible framework of regional plans. Apart sources. Sites for power generation conflicts of use, e.g. with the inhabi- from this, regional development shall be spatially secured according tants, the settlement development, concepts are being developed in the to the LEP B-B in order to guarantee the landscape image or with nature regions aiming at the implementation the energy supply. Furthermore, the and species protection. of the requirements of the energy energy industry is an important strategy 2020 to supply energy in a competence field with some econo- sustainable manner. mic development potential in the capital region.

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Fossil fuels trative agreements on coal mine Lignite rehabilitation concluded between the Federation as well as the federal Lignite being an important fuel has state of Brandenburg and other been secured by the state govern- “lignite states” settle the rehabilitation ment in terms of spatial planning by structures and the financing thereof. the preparation of brown coal plans. A brown coal plan aims at enabling It is the task of the committee on coal a long-term stable energy supply mine rehabilitation of the Branden- based on lignite being both environ- burg state to participate in this mentally and socially friendly. It process and to support the regional refers each to a particular new open consensus as regards mining and cast mining project. The focal points rehabilitation planning. of planning aim at decisions to be taken on the open cast mining borders and safety lines, on unavoi- Renewable energies dable relocations and spaces for resettlements, on the minimisation Spatial concepts and partially some of the interference during mining, spatial control are required for the on spaces for transport routes and use and the further extension of pipelines as well as on the creation renewable energies; their share in of the post-mining landscape. The the total energy consumption shall Joint Spatial Planning Department increase considerably. currently performs the lignite plan- ning procedure for the open-pit This task is performed by the Regio- particular, in most regions, regional mine of Welzow South (continuation nal Planning Associations in the plans exist with an area designation of the spatial part II) and open-pit Brandenburg state. They shall iden- for bundling wind power stations mine of Jänschwalde North. tify and settle spatial requirements (wind power suitability area). Outside and land use conflicts between these areas, no facilities may be The open-pit mines of the former projects of renewable resources installed there. GDR that were closed within the and other forms of exploitation. In framework of the political change Apart from the extension of wind have been redeveloped by the energy, the construction of big solar Lausitzer- und Mitteldeutsche Berg- systems is being favoured by the bau Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH remuneration rules of the federally of the Federation based on the applicable Law on Renewable Federal Mining Act. In Brandenburg, Energies on certain previously conta- the state government controls this minated sites. According to the rules redevelopment on the basis of 15 of LEP B-B, such facilities shall be rehabilitation plans. In this respect, mainly planned on suitable military it is the objective to balance conse- and civilian conversion spaces. quential damages as far as possible, to structure rehabilitation and to support – within the further course of this process – regional development processes. The respective adminis-

Solar park on a former railway land (Fürstenberg/Havel)

Energy 39 gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 40

Imprint

Publisher Picture credits Ministry of Infrastructure and Agriculture 6: Potsdam, Glienicker Brücke © Gallien 2-8 Henning-von-Tresckow-Straße 8: Potsdam, Brandenburger Tor © Brink 14467 Potsdam 9: Berlin, Tiergarten © Görner www.mil.brandenburg.de 10, Titel: BBI Info-Tower © Gabrysch 11: Berlin, Mitte © Hohmuth Senate Administration for Urban Development 12: Potsdam, nördliche Seite von Potsdam © Stabler and Environment 13: Berlin, Potsdamer Platz © Költzsch 6 Württembergische Straße 14, Titel: Cottbus, Altmarkt © vario images 10707 Berlin 15: Cottbus, Stadtansicht © Luedecke www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/planen 18, Titel: Liebenwalde, Luftbild Wutzsee © Keiper 19 oben rechts: Scharmützelsee © Weninger Responsible 19 unten: Cottbus, Fürst-Pückler-Park © Franke Joint Spatial Planning Department 21: Laasow, Tauchschule © Weisflog Berlin-Brandenburg, unit GL 3 22, Titel: Stadtzentrum von Eberswalde © Blaetter Regional Planning Program and Regional Plans 25: Berlin, Wohnhäuser Kreuzberg © Nießner 34a Lindenstraße 26, Titel: Berlin, Eastgate Südfassade © Ece 14467 Potsdam 30, Titel: Unteres Odertal © Steiner www.gl.berlin-brandenburg.de 32 unten links: Leipe, Erlenhochwald © Weisflog 32 oben rechts: Brandenburg, Rinderherde © Koserowsky Editing 33: Lausitzer Seenland, Welzow © Franke ts|pk thies schröder planungskommunikation 34, Titel: Berlin, Hauptbahnhof © Huber Thies Schröder, Sandra Kalcher 35: Berlin, Warschauer Straße © ecopix Bernauer Straße 8a 38, Titel: Energie © Sell 10115 Berlin 39 oben rechts: Braunkohle Welzow Süd © Vattenfall www.ts-pk.eu 39 unten rechts: Lauchhammer © Weisflog

Pictures Supplier MedienDesignBÜRO in co-operation with ts|pk Ministry of Infrastructure and Agriculture Unit 10 – Coordination, Communication, Design International Affairs MedienDesignBÜRO 2-8 Henning-von-Treskow-Straße Christian Vahldiek 14467 Potsdam Zietenstraße 25a [email protected] 10783 Berlin www.mediendesignbuero.de Senate Administration for Urban Development Brochure Office Print 3 Am Köllnischen Park Druckerei Arnold, 14979 Großbeeren 10173 Berlin printed with paper FSC [email protected]

Translation Further Publications Sprachagentur Uta Ritschel, Potsdam • Overall concept of the capital region Berlin-Brandenburg • State Development Programme 2007 (LEPro 2007) ND edition • State Development Plan Berlin-Brandenburg (LEP B-B) Potsdam, January 2012 • State Development Plan Developing the Airport Location (LEP FS) • Cultural landscapes in Berlin and Brandenburg

40 Joint Planning for Berlin and Brandenburg gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 43

Inner page: State development plan Berlin-Brandenburg (LEP B-B) Map 1, original map at smaller scale 1: 250 000 gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 41

Waren

Hagenow

Parchim Mecklenbur

Ludwigslust

Meyenburg

Putlitz-Berge

Karstädt Pritzwalk Wittstock/Dosse

Heiligengrabe Lenzen- Prignitz Elbtalaue Perleberg Groß Pankow (Prignitz)

Plattenburg Wittenberge Lüchow Nieder-

Gumtow Ostprignitz-Ruppin sachsen Bad Wilsnack/Weisen Temnitz Kyritz

Wusterhausen/ Salzwedel Dosse

Neustadt (Dosse)

Fehrb

Rhinow

Friesack

Stendal Rathenow Havelland Nennhausen

Premnitz Milower Land

Beetzsee

Brandenburg an der Havel Groß Kreutz Sachsen-Anhalt Wusterwitz

Haldensleben Kloster Lehnin Burg Potsdam-Mittelm

Ziesar Brück

Magdeburg Belzig

Wiesenburg/Mark Oschersleben Niemegk Schönebeck Tre

Zerbst

Rostock / Stettin / Skandinavien Baltischer Raum Stassfurt Hamburg / Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Lutherstadt Wittenberg Atlantischer Raum Dessau Prenzlau Bernburg Pritzwalk Wittstock/Dosse Templin Perleberg Aschersleben Schwedt/ Oder Nieder- Wittenberge Köthen Kyritz Gransee sachsen Zehdenick Neuruppin

Eberswalde POLSKA

Oranienburg Bad Freienwalde Bernau bei Berlin (Oder) Hennigsdorf Rathenow

Nauen Falkensee Strausberg Berlin Neuenhagen Bitterfeld bei Berlin Hannover / Seelow Posen / Brandenburg Warschau / Rhein-Ruhr / an der Havel Erkner Potsdam Teltow Fürstenwalde/ Baltischer Paris Werder Schönefeld Spree Frankfurt (Havel) (Oder) Raum / Ludwigsfelde Wildau Lutherstadt Eisleben Moskau Königs Wusterhausen Delitzsch Beelitz Zossen Belzig Sangerhausen Beeskow Luckenwalde Halle Eisenhütten- stadt Sachsen-Anhalt Jüterbog Eilenburg Lübben Guben (Spreewald)

Leipzig / Lübbenau/ S Spreewald Cottbus München / Herzberg (Elster) Mailand Forst Finsterwalde (Lausitz) Wurzen Großräschen Leipzig

Bad Liebenwerda Spremberg Lauchhammer Senften- Funktionales berg Schwarz- Breslau / Verkehrsnetz Elsterwerda heide Kiew Sachsen Dresden / Wien / Adriaraum gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 42

Neubrandenburg

Waren Land Brandenburg Land Berlin

Pasewalk Gemeinsame Landesplanungsabteilung

Ministerium für Infrastruktur Senatsverwaltung für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Raumordnung Stadtentwicklung

Uckerland

Landesentwicklungsplan Berlin-Brandenburg Szczecin (LEP B-B) Festlegungskarte 1 - Neustrelitz Brüssow (Uckermark) Nordwestuckermark Gesamtraum

Prenzlau vom 31. März 2009

Boitzenburger Land Festlegungen Gramzow Lychen Uckermark Gartz (Oder) Wittstock/Dosse Metropole 2.5 (Z)

Fürstenberg/Havel Heiligengrabe Templin Oberzentrum Gerswalde 2.7 (Z)

Rheinsberg Mittelzentrum Gransee Oder-Welse Zachodnio- Schwedt/ 2.9 (Z) Satz 1 und Gemeinden Oder pomorskie Mittelzentrum in Funktionsteilung Angermünde 2.9 (Z) Satz 2 Gransee Ostprignitz-Ruppin Gestaltungsraum Siedlung Zehdenick 4.5 (Z) Absatz 1 Nummer 2 Joachimsthal (Schorfheide) Temnitz Freiraumverbund 5.2 (Z) tz Neuruppin Lindow (Mark) Schorfheide Risikobereich Hochwasser Wusterhausen/ Dosse Oberhavel 5.3 (G) Vorsorgestandort für großflächige Löwenberger Land Britz-Chorin-Oderberg gewerblich-industrielle Vorhaben Liebenwalde 4.6 (G)

Barnim Eberswalde Funktionales Verkehrsnetz Kremmen POLSKA Transnationaler Verkehrskorridor 6.1 (Z) Fehrbellin Bad Freienwalde (Oder) Großräumige und überregionale Straßenverbindung Oranienburg Wandlitz 6.2 (Z) w Großräumige und überregionale Schienenverbindung 6.2 (Z) Falkenberg-Höhe Friesack Leegebruch Biesenthal-Barnim Oberkrämer Wriezen Velten Birkenwerder Bernau bei Berlin Nachrichtliche Übernahmen Hohen Neuendorf Hennigsdorf Mühlenbecker Land Werneuchen Letschin Flughafenfläche Berlin Brandenburg International w Schönwalde-Glien Havelland Panketal Barnim-Oderbruch Nennhausen Nauen Glienicke/Nordbahn Planungszone Siedlungsbeschränkung (LEP FS)

Bundeswasserstraße (Binnenwasserstraße ab Klasse III) Brieselang Ahrensfelde Altlandsberg Märkisch-Oderland Falkensee Strausberg Neuhardenberg Öffentlicher Binnenhafen nitz Golzow Kostrzyn Neuenhagen Wustermark Berlin Seelow bei Berlin Petershagen/Eggersdorf Ober- und Mittelzentren benachbarter Bundesländer Dallgow-Döberitz (generalisiert ohne Zwischenstufen) Beetzsee Märkische Schweiz Fredersdorf- Müncheberg Ketzin Vogelsdorf Hoppegarten Oberzentrum Schöneiche Seelow-Land Brandenburg bei Berlin Rüdersdorf bei Berlin an der Havel Woltersdorf Groß Kreutz (Havel) Potsdam Erkner Steinhöfel Lebus Mittelzentrum Werder Kleinmachnow Grünheide (Mark) (Havel) Teltow Lubuskie Fürstenwalde/Spree Frankfurt Grenzen Stahnsdorf Großbeeren Eichwalde Schönefeld Schulzendorf (Oder) Staatsgrenze Kloster Lehnin Zeuthen Landesgrenze / Wojewodschaftsgrenze Blankenfelde-Mahlow Odervorland Słubice Nuthetal Ludwigsfelde Spreenhagen Schwielowsee Wildau Kreisgrenze / Landesgrenze Berlin - Brandenburg Potsdam-Mittelmark Königs Michendorf Amtsgrenze und Grenze der amtsfreien Gemeinde Seddiner See Rangsdorf Wusterhausen

Heidesee Scharmützelsee Oder-Spree Mittenwalde Topografie Brück Zossen Bestensee Rietz-Neuendorf Brieskow-Finkenheerd Trebbin Gewässer Beelitz einschl. der aus dem Sanierungsbergbau entstehenden Seen Schlaubetal Storkow (Mark) Siedlung Beeskow Bestand 2005 Belzig Nuthe-Urstromtal Eisenhüttenstadt Bundesautobahn Am Mellensee Bundesstraße, Landesstraße, Kreisstraße Schenkenländchen enburg/Mark Luckenwalde Tauche Schienentrasse

Niemegk Friedland

Teltow-Fläming Neuzelle Treuenbrietzen Märkische Heide Berlin Metropole Berlin Potsdam Kreisfreie Stadt / Landkreis Jüterbog Baruth/Mark Unterspreewald Guben Mittelzentrum Dahme-Spreewald Neuzelle Amt Niedergörsdorf Lieberose/Oberspreewald Guben Golßener Land Lübben (Spreewald) Friedland Amtsfreie Gemeinde Schenkendöbern Gubin

Niederer Fläming

Lutherstadt Wittenberg Peitz Lübbenau/Spreewald Dahme/Mark Luckau

Diese Karte ist Bestandteil der Anlage zur Verordnung Heideblick Schönewalde Burg (Spreewald) über den Landesentwicklungsplan Berlin-Brandenburg (LEP B-B) vom 31. März 2009. Vetschau/Spreewald Kolkwitz Cottbus Forst Schlieben Calau (Lausitz)

Herzberg (Elster)

Sonnewalde Neuhausen/Spree Altdöbern Drebkau Doberlug-Kirchhain Kartengrundlagen: Finsterwalde Oberspreewald- Spree-Neiße - ATKIS DLM 25/2, kartografisch aufbereitet und korrigiert, Stand 2006; Lausitz Nutzung mit Genehmigung der Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg, Elbe-Elster Kleine Elster Döbern-Land GB-G 1/99 (Niederlausitz) - Siedlungsflächenanalyse auf Basis von IRS-Satellitendaten 2005 Falkenberg/Elster Großräschen Torgau Spremberg Gebietsstand: 1. Januar 2009 Elsterland Uebigau-Wahrenbrück Welzow

Bad Liebenwerda Schipkau Senftenberg Lauchhammer Weißwasser Eilenburg Plessa Mühlberg/Elbe Röderland Hoyerswerda Sachsen Elsterwerda Schwarzheide Ortrand Maßstab 1 : 250 000 Wurzen Schradenland Ruhland 05 10203040 Kilometer

Datendesign und Kartografie: LUP-GmbH, Potsdam Oschatz Riesa gl_gp_br_en_q8_57_gl_gp_br_en_q8_ 19.04.11 09:32 Seite 44

The State Planning in Berlin and The brochure “Joint Planning for Brandenburg will be performed in Berlin and Brandenburg” informs joint responsibility of both federal about the framework conditions and states. The documents State Deve- core topics of the State Development lopment Programme (LEPro 2007) Plan Berlin – Brandenburg (LEP and State Development Plan Berlin- B-B): capital region of Berlin-Branden - Brandenburg (LEP B-B) create the burg, general-interest services and framework for the future spatial System of Central Places, cultural development in the capital region landscapes, settlement development, of Berlin-Brandenburg. large scale retail business, develop- ment of open spaces, transport and The metropolis of Berlin with its energy. At the same time, an indepen- hinterland forms – like most of the dent organisation of the regions, rurally marked regions in the further cities/towns and municipalities has metropolitan region with their towns been supported. – the further field of action for the challenges regional planning is facing. This particular range is also an expression of the numerous chances of the capital region.