327 Genus Euriphene Boisduval

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AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 27 December 2020

Genus Euriphene Boisduval, 1847 Nymphs

In: Delegorgue, A., Voyage dans l’Afrique australe 2: 592 (585-602). Type-species: Euriphene coerulea Boisduval, by monotypy.

= Euryphene Westwood, 1850 in Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 285 (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. [Unjustified emendation of Euriphene Boisduval.]

= Diestogyna Karsch, 1893. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 181 (1-266). Type- species: Aterica tadema Hewitson, by original designation.

= Euriphenaria Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 11 (1-62). Type-species: None designated. Formally synonymized with Euriphene by Larsen, 2005a, syn. nov.

= Harmilla Aurivillius, 1892. Entomologisk Tidskrift 13: 200 (181-200). Type-species: Harmilla elegans Aurivillius, by monotypy. Formally synonymized with Euriphene by Wahlberg et al., 2020, syn. nov.

The genus Euriphene belongs to the Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815; Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr, 1864; Tribe Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845; Subtribe Bebearina Hemming, 1960. The other genera in the Subtribe Bebearina in the Afrotropical Region are Evena, Aterica, Pseudargynnis, Cynandra, Euryphura, Euryphaedra, Euryphurana, Euphaedra, Bebearia, Euptera and Pseudathyma.

Euriphene (Nymphs) is an Afrotropical genus comprising 76 species. Generic revision by Hecq, 1994 (Revue d’Entomologie Générale. Bruxelles) and Hecq, 2002b. Diagnostic characters to distinguish from Euryphura given by Hecq, 1996 (Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 147 (147-148)). Hecq (1994) placed all the species in two subgenera (Euriphenaria and Doricleana). As pointed out by Larsen (2005a) this is not permissible since any subgenera must include at least the genus itself. Euriphenaria Hecq, 1994 is therefore a junior synonym of Euriphene Boisduval, 1847. The genus occurs in the main forest zone of Africa but does not reach the coastal forests in the east (Larsen et al., 2009). All species inhabit the forest floor, rarely flying higher than half a metre above the ground. Only E. gambiae Feisthamel and E. iris (Aurivillius, 1903) are found in savanna woodland (Larsen, 2005a; Larsen et al., 2009). The presence of a number of species in a single forest is an indication that the forest is in relatively pristine condition (Larsen et al., 2009). Knowledge in regard to the early stages is reviewed by Amiet (1999).

Relevant literature: Larsen, 2009 [Collecting notes, Nigeria]. Libert & Amiet, 2006 [Male genitalia].

1 Hecq, 2002b [Checklist and distributions]. Amiet, 1999 [Review of early stages].

Subgenus Euriphene Boisduval, 1847

In: Delegorgue, A., Voyage dans l’Afrique australe 2: 592 (585-602). Type-species: Euriphene coerulea Boisduval, by monotypy.

Goniogramma species-group

*Euriphene (Euriphene) goniogramma (Karsch, 1894) Littlest Nymph

Diestogyna goniogramma Karsch, 1894. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 5 (1-16).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Yaúnde im Hinterlande von Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (north – Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, Ituri, north Kivu). Specific localities: Nigeria – Cross River loop (Wojtusiak, vide Hecq, 1994). Cameroon – Yaounde (TL). Gabon – Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Combretum species (Combretaceae) [Amiet, 1999].

*Euriphene (Euriphene) mundula (Grünberg, 1910) Bright Nymph

Diestogyna mundula Grünberg, 1910. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 472 (469-480). = Euriphene camarensis Ward, 1871. D’Abrera, 2004: 352 syn. nov. Euriphene mundula Grünberg, 1910. Larsen, 2005a: 386.

Euriphene mundula. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 1 December 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bipindi, Kamerun”; Equatorial Guinea: “Alcu, Span. Guinea; Uelleburg, Span. Guinea”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Kagoro Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bipindi (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Nyonie (Vande weghe, 2010); Pongara (Vande weghe, 2010); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Alen Nkoma (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Iguela (Vande weghe, 2010); Fernan Vaz (Vande weghe, 2010); Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Ndjole (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010). Equatorial Guinea – Alcu (Grünberg, 1910); Uelleburg (Grünberg, 1910). Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon species that rarely flies more than half a metre above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). It is very wary, even when feeding on fermented fruit (Schultze, 1920). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) camarensis (Ward, 1871) Western Blue Nymph

Euryphene camarensis Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 35 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122). Euriphene (Euriphene) camarensis (Ward, 1871). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camaroons”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, Ituri, Equateur, Sankuru, Lomami). Recorded, in error, from Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) luteostriata (Bethune-Baker, 1908) Striped Nymph

Diestogyna luteostriata Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 477 (469-482). Euriphene (Euriphene) luteostriata (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Beni-Mawambe, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri, north Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Mawambe (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. 3 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) pinkieana Bernardi, 1975 Central Banded Nymph

Euriphene pinkieana Bernardi, 1975. Lambillionea 75: 106 (106-109). Euriphene (Euriphene) pinkieana Bernardi, 1975. Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Congo: “Kelle, Moyen Congo”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Oghobi (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Congo – Kelle (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) tessmanniana (Bryk, 1915) Electric Nymph

Diestogyna tessmanniana Bryk, 1915. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 81 (A) (4): 10 (1-16). Synonym of Euriphene (Euriphene) luteostriata (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Ackery et al., 1995: 395. Euriphene (Euriphene) tessmanniana (Bryk, 1915). Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 15 (1-62).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Kamerun, wahrscheinlich Akoafim”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Akoafim (TL). Gabon – Waka (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri (Aurivillius, 1904) Purple Nymph

Diestogyna butleri Aurivillius, 1904. Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 96 (92-96). Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri (Aurivillius, 1904). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Toro”; “Congo forest”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri butleri (Aurivillius, 1904) Purple Nymph

Diestogyna butleri Aurivillius, 1904. Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 96 (92-96). Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri butleri (Aurivillius, 1904). Ackery et al., 1995: 393. 4

Type locality: Uganda: “Toro”; “Congo forest”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda (Toro district). Specific localities: Uganda – Toro (TL).

amaranta Karsch; Butler, 1902 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902: 46 (44-51). [Misidentification]

Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri kivuensis (Jackson & Howarth, 1957) Kivu Purple Nymph

Diestogyna butleri kivuensis Jackson & Howarth, 1957. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 26: 100 (99-102). Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri kivuensis (Jackson & Howarth, 1957). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Belgian Congo, Kwidgwi Is., L. Kivu, 1500-2000 m”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kwidgwi Island (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018).

Euriphene (Euriphene) butleri remota Hecq, 1994 Eastern Purple Nymph

Euriphene butleri remota Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 16 (1-62). Euriphene butleri remota Hecq, 1994. Hecq, 2002: 6.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Nioka”. Holotype (male) 24.VI.1952, J. Hecq, in MRAC. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu, Ituri), Uganda (west), Rwanda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) obtusangula (Aurivillius, [1912]) Banded Nymph

Diestogyna obtusangula Aurivillius, [1912] in Seitz, [1908-25]. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 160 (614 pp.).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon. Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast and Ghana by D’Abrera (1980) and Carcasson (1981) (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Bida (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a); near Mkpot 1 in the Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 5

*Euriphene (Euriphene) batesana Bethune-Baker, 1926 Bitje Nymph

Diestogyna batesana Bethune-Baker, 1926. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 17: 384 (384-402). Synonym of Euriphene obtusangula (Aurivillius, 1912). Ackery et al., 1995: 395. Euriphene batesana (Bethune-Baker, 1926). Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 17 (1-62).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, Cameroons, 2000 ft”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon (Hecq, 2002). Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) ituriensis (Jackson & Howarth, 1957) Ituri Nymph

Diestogyna ituriensis Jackson & Howarth, 1957. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 26: 100 (99-102). Euriphene (Euriphene) ituriensis (Aurivillius, 1912). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belgian Congo: Ituri Forest, Beni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu, Ituri). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest, Beni (TL); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) ribensis (Ward, 1871) Eastern Blue Nymph

Euryphene ribensis Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 35 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122).

Type locality: Kenya: “[Ribé]”. Distribution: Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, north Kivu, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Sesse Islands (Aurivillius, 1909); Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Kenya – Ribe (TL). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Rumanyika Game Reserve (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Glides low down along forest paths, settling frequently on low vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998) or on the ground (Larsen, 1991c). They keep to the darker parts of the forest and are attracted by fermenting fruit (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

Van Someren, 1939. 6

Congdon & Collins, 1998: 48.

Larval food: Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) [Congdon & Collins, 1998: 48].

acutangula Aurivillius, 1909 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Arkiv för Zoologi 5 (5): 4 (29 pp.). Uganda: “Insel Sesse”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/a).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) elegans (Aurivillius, 1892) Elegant Nymph

Harmilla elegans Aurivillius, 1892. Entomologisk Tidskrift 13: 200 (181-200). Euriphene elegans (Aurivillius, 1892). Wahlberg et al., 2020, comb. nov., stat. nov.

Euriphene elegans. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mount Kupe, western Cameroon. February 2010. NA, MO. ABRI-2019-2962. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Euriphene elegans. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ngouayong, Cameroon. Jul 1997. SC. ABRI-2019-2963. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Euriphene elegans. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Lolodorf, southern Cameroon. February 2012. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2964. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ekundu, Camerun”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/e). Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas- Zaire). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Ekuri village in the Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Ekundu (TL). Gabon – Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Kitomba (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Swamp forest, with dense understorey (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a very rare butterfly, which is sometimes seen feeding on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) hawkeri (Joicey & Talbot, 1926) Congo Elegant Nymph

Harmilla hawkeri Joicey & Talbot, 1926. Entomologist 59: 248 (248). Harmilla elegans hawkeri Joicey & Talbot, 1926. Ackery et al., 1995. Euriphene hawkeri (Joicey & Talbot, 1926). Wahlberg et al., 2020, comb. nov., stat. nov.

Euriphene hawkeri. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mapimbi, Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. November 2012. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2965. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection. 8

Euriphene hawkeri. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mamove, Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. March 2013. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2966. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI Collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Escarpment west Semliki Valley, 20 miles south-west of Bogo, 3500-4000 ft”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Uele, Ituri, Kivu), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – 20 miles south-west of Bogo (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Nothing published. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Duseni species-group

*Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni (Aurivillius, 1892) Dusen’s Nymph

Aterica duseni Aurivillius, 1892. Entomologisk Tidskrift 13: 200 (181-200). Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni (Aurivillius, 1892). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camerun: Barombi Station”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/d). Larsen (2005a) designated the male co-type, collected in southern Cameroon, as the lectotype. The female type from Barombi pertains to subspecies legeriana (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea. Habitat: Dense forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species that comes to fallen fruit but is extremely wary (Larsen, 2005a). A male was noted apparently defending a territory from a perch about a metre above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [larva and pupa]

Larval food: 9 Brazzeia species (Scytopetalaceae) [Amiet, 1999].

Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni duseni (Aurivillius, 1892) Dusen’s Nymph

Aterica duseni Aurivillius, 1892. Entomologisk Tidskrift 13: 200 (181-200). Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni duseni (Aurivillius, 1892). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni legeriana Hecq, 1987 Oban Hills Dusen’s Nymph

Euriphene canui legeriana Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 112 (111-113). Euriphene (Euriphene) canui legeriana (Hecq, 1987). Ackery et al., 1995: 393. = Euriphene duseni duseni (Aurivillius, 1892). Bernardi, 1993. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 98 (3): 228 (227- 232). Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni legeriana Hecq, 1987. Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 20 (1-62). Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni legeriana Hecq, 1988 [sic.]. D-Abrera, 2004: 354 comb. nov.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Oban Hills”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (TL); Abak (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Kumbo (Barombi Station) (Larsen, 2005a); Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni canui Hecq, 1987 Bioko Dusen’s Nymph

Euriphene canui Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 111 (111-113). Euriphene (Euriphene) canui canui Hecq, 1987. Ackery et al., 1995: 393. Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni canui Hecq, 1987. Bernardi, 1993 stat. nov. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 98 (3): 228 (227-232).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Bioko”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Caldera de Luba, Bioko (Martin, 2015).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) minkoi Bernardi, 1993 Minke’s Nymph

Euriphene duseni minkoi Bernardi, 1993. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 98 (3): 229 (227-232). Euriphene (Euriphene) minkoi Bernardi, 1993. Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 21 (1-62).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. 10 Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) minkoi minkoi Bernardi, 1993 Minke’s Nymph

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Ivindo N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Mount Belinga (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euriphene (Euriphene) minkoi collinsi Hecq, 1994 Cameroon Minke’s Nymph

Euriphene minkoi collinsi Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 21 (1-62).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) romi (Aurivillius, 1898) Congo Green Nymph

Diestogyna romi Aurivillius, 1898. EntomologiskTidskrift 18: 213 (213-222). Euriphene (Euriphene) romi (Aurivillius, 1898). Ackery et al., 1995: 396. Euriphene (Euriphene) duseni romi (Aurivillius, 1897). Bernardi, 1993. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 98 (3): 232 (227-232). Euriphene (Euriphene) romi (Aurivillius, 1897). Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 21 (1-62).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: zwischen Kasongo und den Stanley- Fällen”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Between Kasongo and Stanley Falls (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) adumbrata (Joicey & Talbot, 1928) Kivu Blue Nymph

Diestogyna adumbrata Joicey & Talbot, 1928. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 25 (19-27). Euriphene (Euriphene) adumbrata (Joicey & Talbot, 1928). Ackery et al., 1995: 392.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “East Congo, Kivu district: Middle Lowa Valley, nr 11 Walikali, 3,000-4,000 feet; Upper Lowa Valley, nr Masisi, 5,000-6,000 feet”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east – Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – near Walikali (TL); near Masisi (Joicey & Talbot, 1928); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Bernardi, 1993. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 98 (3): 231 (227-232). [Taxonomy]. Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 22 (1-62). [Taxonomy].

Atossa species-group

*Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa (Hewitson, [1865]) Atossa Nymph

Aterica atossa Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 48 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa (Hewitson, 1865). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene atossa atossa. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Scarce in the west of its range, becoming commoner as one moves east (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes are found on forest paths but, unlike the blue species which open their wings to bask, atossa and the other red nymphs usually rest with the wings closed (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [larva and pupa]

Larval food: Combretum species (Combretaceae) [Amiet, 1999; Cameroon].

Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa atossa (Hewitson, [1865]) Atossa Nymph

Aterica atossa Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 48 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa atossa (Hewitson, 1865). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene atossa atossa. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (south), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Iguela (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

amaxia Hewitson, 1866 in Hewitson, 1862-6 (as sp. of Aterica). Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 51 (124 pp.). London. Nigeria: “Old Calabar”.

Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa angusta Hecq, 1994 Bioko Atossa Nymph

Euriphene atossa angusta Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 23 (1-62).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko).

Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa australis d’Abrera, 1980 Eastern Atossa Nymph

Euriphene atossa australis d’Abrera, 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 297 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Euriphene (Euriphene) atossa australis (d’Abrera, 1980). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: “Eastern Zaire and western Uganda”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Tshopo, Kasai, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996).

australis Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as ab. of Diestogyna atossa). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 170 (614 pp.). “Congo”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/a).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) leonis (Aurivillius, [1899]) Sierra Leone Nymph

Diestogyna ampedusa var. leonis Aurivillius, [1899] in Aurivillius, [1898-9]. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 202 (1-561). Euriphene (Euriphene) leonis (Aurivillius, 1899). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leona”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/a). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana (west). Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Loma Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Tai N.P. (Larsen, 2005a); Yapo (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Limited to wetter forests in good condition (Larsen, pers. comm., 2007). Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) ampedusa (Hewitson, [1866]) Common Brown Nymph

Aterica ampedusa Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 49 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) ampedusa (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene ampedusa. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (south), Nigeria. Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (rare) (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Ibadan (R. Warren, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). R.Warren, vide Larsen (2005a) believes that this species shows seasonal dimorphism; this would be most unusual for a member of the forest Adoliadini and should be investigated. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Gambiae species-group

*Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae Feisthamel, 1850 Gambian Nymph

15 Gambia Nymph (Euriphene gambiae). Male underside. Libreville, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euryphena [sic] gambiae Feisthamel, 1850. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (2) 8: 251 (247-262). Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae (Feisthamel, 1850). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene gambiae gabonica. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euriphene gambiae gabonica. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Senegal: “environs de la Cazamance”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Aurivillius, 1910), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a) and savanna woodland (Larsen et al., 2009). Habits: A common to abundant species that has habits similar to the blue species of the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae gambiae Feisthamel, 1850

16 Gambian Nymph

Euryphena [sic] gambiae Feisthamel, 1850. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (2) 8: 251 (247-262). Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae gambiae (Feisthamel, 1850). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Type locality: Senegal: “environs de la Cazamance”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Aurivillius, 1910), Guinea (south). Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (TL). Guinea – Fouta Djalon (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a).

Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae gabonica Bernardi, 1966 Central Gambian Nymph

Euriphene gambiae gabonica Bernardi, 1966. Biologia Gabonica 2: 127 (127-129). Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae gabonica (Bernardi, 1966). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene gambiae gabonica. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Euriphene gambiae gabonica. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Village de Ekowong prés de Makokou”. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic

17 Republic of Congo (Mayumbe, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Cataractes, Sankuru). Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Ekowong (TL); practically throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018).

Euriphene (Euriphene) gambiae vera Hecq, 2002 Bobiri Gambian Nymph

Euriphene gambiae vera Hecq, 2002. Euriphene (and supplement if French), in Bauer, E. & Frankenbach. Butterflies of the World, Part 12, Nymphalidae VI.

Type locality: Not given. Holotype (male) in MRAC. Distribution: Guinea (east), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Conakry area (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).

deformata Neustetter, 1916 (as f. of Diestogina [sic] gambiae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 104 (95-108). Liberia.

Barombina species-group

*Euriphene (Euriphene) amaranta (Karsch, 1894) Ruwenzori Nymph

Diestogyna amaranta Karsch, 1894. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 6 (1-16). Euriphene (Euriphene) amaranta (Karsch, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995: 392. Euriphene amarantha (Karsch), 1894. Vande weghe, 2010: 284 [misspelling of species name]

Type locality: Cameroon: “Yaúnde-Station in Kamerun”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Tshopo, Kivu), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Yaounde Station (TL). Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) mawamba (Bethune-Baker, 1908) Kinshasha Nymph 18

Diestogyna mawamba Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 476 (469-482). Synonym of Euriphene (Euriphene) amaranta (Karsch, 1892). Ackery et al., 1995: 392. Euriphene (Euriphene) mawamba (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 25 (1-62).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Mawamba-Makala, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mawamba-Makala (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) alberici (Dufrane, 1945) Kivu Black Nymph

Diestogyna alberici Dufrane, 1945. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 104 (90-143). Euriphene (Euriphene) alberici (Dufrane, 1945). Ackery et al., 1995: 392.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kamituga, Mont Kélé, alt. 1050 m”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east – Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mount Kele, Kamituga (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) monforti Hecq, 1994 Kivu Nymph

Euriphene monforti Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 24 (1-62).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) kahli (Holland, 1920) Congo Nymph

Diestogyna kahli Holland, 1920. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 191 (109-369). Euriphene (Euriphene) kahli (Holland, 1920). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kinshasa, Sankuru, Lualaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

19 *Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens (Aurivillius, 1909) Congo Androconial Nymph

Diestogyna conjungens Aurivillius, 1909. Arkiv för Zoologi 5 (5): 3 (29 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens (Aurivillius, 1909). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Cameroon: “N.W. Kamerun; Bascho”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Flies low along forest paths, settling on or near the ground (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens conjungens (Aurivillius, 1909) Congo Androconial Nymph

Diestogyna conjungens Aurivillius, 1909. Arkiv för Zoologi 5 (5): 3 (29 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens conjungens (Aurivillius, 1909). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Cameroon: “N.W. Kamerun; Bascho”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bascho (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010); Ekouyi (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens chalybeata (Talbot, 1937) Androconial Nymph

Diestogyna chalybeata Talbot, 1937. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 86: 70 (59-72). Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens chalybeata (Talbot, 1937). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Eastern Congo: Upper Lowa Valley, west of Masisi, West Kivu, 4500-5000 feet”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru), Uganda (western shore of Lake Victoria). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – West of Masisi (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017).

Note: Larsen (2005a) believes that chalybeata may be specifically distinct from conjungens.

Euriphene (Euriphene) conjungens kiellandi Hecq, 1994 Eastern Androconial Nymph

Euriphene conjungens kiellandi Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 28 (1-62).

Type locality: Tanzania. Diagnosis: Differs from subspecies chalybeata in that, in the male, the underside is lighter, with better

20 developed markings; the female, on the upperside, is more heavily marked (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

Note: Larsen (2005a) believes that kiellandi may be specifically distinct from conjungens.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) anaxibia Hecq, 1997 Helios Nymph

Euriphene anaxibia Hecq, 1997. Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome I): 522 (521-522).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Korup, II.1997, T.B. Larsen leg.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Warri (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Above the village of Toko, 1 100 m, Korup (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This appears to be an exceedingly rare butterfly, known only from two males (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) atropurpurea (Aurivillius, 1894) Aurivillius’ Nymph

Diestogyna atropurpurea Aurivillius, 1894. Entomologisk Tidskrift 15: 313 (273-314). Euriphene (Euriphene) atropurpurea (Aurivillius, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Yaunde”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast by Carcasson, 1981 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Yaounde (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A very rare species that tends to remain in the forest understorey (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) lomaensis Belcastro, 1986 Loma Nymph

Euriphene lomaensis Belcastro, 1986. Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Cultura Quaderno 260: 195 (195-196). Euriphene (Euriphene) lomaensis Belcastro, 1986. Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Province, Loma Mountains, Dankale river (above waterfalls), m 800”. Female first described by Safian et al., 2019. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002). Specific localities: 21 Guinea – Foret Classee de Diecke (Safian et al., 2019); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Sierra Leone – Dankale River, Loma Mountains (TL); Gola Forest (south) (Belcastro & Larsen, 2006). Liberia – Sapo National Park (Brattstrom, vide Safian et al., 2019); Nimba Mountains (Safian et al., 2019); Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Djiritou, Tai National Park (Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Lowland, upland and sub-montane forest (Safian et al., 2019). Only in primary or old growth secondary forest with a closed canopy (Safian et al., 2019). Habits: Males are known to hilltop and both sexes come to fermenting fruit (Safian et al., 2019). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) splendida Collins & Larsen, 1997 Splendid Nymph

Euriphene splendida Collins & Larsen, 1997. Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome II): 597 (597-600).

Type locality: Congo: “Bena (4.02S 11.50E), Republic of Congo, xii.1990.” Holotype in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Female first described by Vande weghe, 2009b. Distribution: Congo. Known only from the holotype (male). Specific localities: Congo – Bena (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) karschi (Aurivillius, 1894) Karsch’s Nymph

Karsch’s Nymph (Euriphene karschi). Female upperside. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Diestogyna karschi Aurivillius, 1894. Entomologisk Tidskrift 15: 314 (273-314). Euriphene (Euriphene) karschi (Aurivillius, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Euriphene karschi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Kamerun”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Buabre, Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Makurdi (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce butterfly throughout its range (Larsen, 2005a). Males may be found defending territories from perches in forest clearings about five metres above the ground; this is most unusual in the genus. Contesting males may flutter towards the ground with the wings held horizontal. Just before reaching the ground the male below departs, leaving the perch to the other male (Larsen, 2005a). Males may also come to papaya bait (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni (Karsch, 1895) Baumann’s Nymph

Diestogyna ernesti-baumanni Karsch, 1895. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 275 (275-286). Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni (Karsch, 1895). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Type locality: Togo: “Station Misahöhe in der Landschaft Agome im Togogebiete”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni ernestibaumanni (Karsch, 1895) Baumann’s Nymph

Diestogyna ernesti-baumanni Karsch, 1895. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 275 (275-286). Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni ernestibaumanni (Karsch, 1895). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Type locality: Togo: “Station Misahöhe in der Landschaft Agome im Togogebiete”. 23 Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana (Volta region), Togo, Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Abengourou (Larsen, 2005a); Bossematie (Larsen, 2005a); Azagny (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Likpe area (Maessen teste Larsen, 2005a). Togo – Misahohe (TL). Nigeria – Ahoada (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni rectangula (Schultze, 1920) Akok Baumann’s Nymph

Diestogyna rectangula Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 715 (639-829). Euriphene (Euriphene) rectangulata (Schultze, 1920). Ackery et al., 1995: 395. Misspelling? Euriphene ernestibaumanni rectangula (Schultze, 1920). Larsen, 2005a.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: Akók”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Moyen Congo). Specific localities: Cameroon – Akok (TL). Gabon – camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) fouassini Hecq, 1994 Forassin’s Nymph

Euriphene fouassini Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 31 (1-62).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Iguela (Vande weghe, 2010); Gamba (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) obsoleta (Grünberg, 1908) Rusty Nymph

Diestogyna obsoleta Grünberg, 1908. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908: 53 (50-62). Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni obsoleta (Grünberg, 1908). Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene (Euriphene) obsoleta (Grünberg, 1908). Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 31 (1-62).

Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Combretum species? (Combretaceae) [Bampton, vide Congdon & Collins, 1998].

Euriphene (Euriphene) obsoleta obsoleta (Grünberg, 1908)

24 Rusty Nymph

Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kivu), Uganda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

Euriphene (Euriphene) obsoleta munene Hecq, 1994 Tanzania Rusty Nymph

Euriphene obsoleta munene Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 47 (1-62).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Munene Forest, Bukoba”. Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Tanzania – Munene Forest (TL). Known only from the type locality (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

Euriphene (Euriphene) obsoleta integribasis (Hulstaert, 1924) Kasai Rusty Nymph

Diestogyna obsoleta integribasis Hulstaert, 1924. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 477 (476-481). Euriphene (Euriphene) ernestibaumanni integribasis (Hulstaert, 1924). Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene (Euriphene) obsoleta integribasis (Hulstaert, 1924). Hecq, 2002: 3.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kasai”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai, Sankuru, Lualaba).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) jolyana Hecq, 1987 Jolyana’s Nymph

Euriphene jolyana Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 112 (111-113). Euriphene (Euriphene) jolyana Hecq, 1987. Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kiri”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known only from the holotype. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kiri (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) intermixta (Aurivillius, 1904) Intermixed Nymph

Diestogyna intermixta Aurivillius, 1904. Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 96 (92-96). Euriphene (Euriphene) intermixta (Aurivillius, 1904). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Stanleyville”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Tshopo, Sankuru, Maniema). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Stanleyville (TL); Mawamba-Makala (Bethune-Baker, 1908); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

unopunctata Bethune-Baker, 1908 (as sp. of Deistogyna [sic]). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 476 (469-482). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Mawamba-Makala, Congo Free State”.

unocellata Bethune-Baker; Carpenter & Jackson, 1950. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 19: 102 (97-108). [Lapsus for unopunctata Bethune-Baker]

*Euriphene (Euriphene) moloukou Hecq, 2002 Moloukou Nymph

Euriphene (Euriphene) moloukou Hecq, 2002. In: Bauer & Frankenbach, 2002. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 5: 11.

Type locality: Central African Republic: Moloukou. Holotype (male) X.1997, S. Collins, Coll. ABRI, Nairobi. Distribution: Central African Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Mouloukou (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) iris (Aurivillius, 1903) Miombo Nymph

Diestogyna iris Aurivillius, 1903. Arkiv för Zoologi 1: 250 (245-254). Euriphene (Euriphene) iris (Aurivillius, 1912). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Euriphene iris. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 60mm. South Mutunda River, Mufulira, Zambia. 4100 ft. 7-6-80. M.A. Newport (Newport Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Katanga”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/i). Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Tanzania, Zambia (north). Specific localities: Zambia – Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); Kamapanda (Heath et al., 2002); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Kasempa (Heath et al., 2002); Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Kitwe (Heath et al., 2002); Samfya (Heath et al., 2002); Luangwa Valley (Heath et al., 2002); Chilungoma (Heath et al., 2002); Kasma (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002); South Mutunda River, Mufulira (female illustrated above). Habitat: Miombo woodland. This is the only species of Euriphene which is not a strict forest inhabitant (Larsen, 1991c; 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Veronica subgroup

*Euriphene (Euriphene) veronica (Stoll, [1780]) Veronica’s Nymph

Female Veronica’s Nymph. Cameroon, May 2019. Image courtesy Jeremy Dobson.

Papilio veronica Stoll, [1780] in Stoll, [1780-2]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 4 [part]: 73 (29-252). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Euriphene (Euriphene) veronica (Stoll, 1780). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Type locality: “Côte de Guineé”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (south), Ghana (west). Recorded, in error, from Togo and Benin by Condamin, 1952 and from Ubangi, Democratic Republic of Congo by Berger, 1981 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Ankasa National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

27 gnidia Fabricius, 1793 (as sp. of Papilio). Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 137 (488 pp.). [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.]

*Euriphene (Euriphene) barombina (Aurivillius, 1894) Common Nymph

Male Common Nymph (Euriphene barombina). Kwabina-sam, Ghana. Image courtesy Pamela Sai.

Diestogyna veronica var. barombina Aurivillius, 1894. Entomologisk Tidskrift 15: 297 (273-314). Euriphene (Euriphene) barombina (Aurivillius, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene barombina. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euriphene barombina. Female (Wingspan 51 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Itoki, Kitta, Love, Bonge”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola (north), Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Recorded, in error, from Sierra Leone by Ackery et al., 1995 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Ghana – Ankasa N.P. (Larsen, 2005a); Draw River Forest Reserve (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Cameroon – Itoki (TL); Kitta (Aurivillius, 1894); Love (Aurivillius, 1894); Bonge (Aurivillius, 1894); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – probably throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Umangi (Aurivillius, 1898); Banana (Aurivillius, 1898). Habitat: Forest, including markedly degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common species that is sometimes abundant (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [larva and pupa]

Larval food: Combretum species (Combretaceae) [Hecq, 1994 (Lamto, Ivory Coast); Amiet, 1999 (Cameroon)].

albopunctata Aurivillius, 1898 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Entomologisk Tidskrift 19: 178 (177-186). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Congogebiet: Umangi und Banana”.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) simplex (Staudinger, 1891) Simple Nymph

Aterica simplex Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 97 (61-157). Euriphene (Euriphene) simplex (Staudinger, 1891). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Records from further east (Nigeria, Cameroon) require substantiation (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A not uncommon butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Generally appears to be a shy, retiring species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) bernaudi Hecq, 1994 Bernaud’s Nymph

Euriphene simplex bernaudi Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 35 (1-62). Euriphene bernaudi Hecq, 1994. Hecq, 2002: 12. Euriphene bernaudi Hecq, 1994. Larsen, 2005a: 390. Euriphene bernaudi Hecq, 1994. Safian et al., 2019. Stat. n. 29

Type locality: Cameroon: “Rumpi Hills”. Female first described by Safian et al., 2019. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (R. St Leger, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Rumpi Hills (TL); Mount Kupe (Safian et al., 2019). Habitat: Submontane forest (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta (Aurivillius, [1912]) Uncertain Nymph

Diestogyna incerta Aurivillius, [1912] in Seitz, [1908-25]. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 165 (614 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta (Aurivillius, 1912). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene incerta incerta. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition. Habits: A rare species west of the Dahomey Gap and in western Nigeria but common in eastern Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Mostly it is found flying along forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [larva and pupa]

Larval food: Uapaca species (Euphorbiaceae) [Hecq, 1994; Amiet, 1999].

Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta incerta (Aurivillius, [1912]) Uncertain Nymph

Diestogyna incerta Aurivillius, [1912] in Seitz, [1908-25]. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen 30 Tagfalter: 165 (614 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta incerta (Aurivillius, 1912). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene incerta incerta. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Tshopo, Uele, Ituri). Given, as cyriaca, for Kenya by D’Abrera (1980). This is erroneous (Larsen, 1991c). Specific localities: Ghana – Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Atewa Range (Aduse-Poku & Doko-Marfo, 2007). Nigeria – Omo Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ikenge (TL).

cyriaca Hulstaert, 1924 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 479 (476- 481). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ikenge (Equateur)”.

Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta biokensis Hecq, 1994 Bioko Uncertain Nymph

Euriphene incerta biokensis Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 36 (1-62).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Bioko”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Specific localities: Equatorial Guinea – Bioko (TL); Caldera de Luba, Bioko (Martin, 2015).

Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta theodota (Hulstaert, 1924) Southern Uncertain Nymph

Diestogyna theodota Hulstaert, 1924. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 478 (476-481). 31 Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta theodota (Hulstaert, 1924). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene incerta theodota. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 59mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11°15S'; 24°18E'. 1500 m. 15.IV.1998. E. Townsend (Newport Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Bangwela”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south – Lomami, Lualaba, Sankuru?), Zambia. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Bangwela (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School (female illustrated above).

Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta camiadei Hecq, 2002 Congo Uncertain Nymph

Euriphene incerta camiadei Hecq, 2002. In: Bauer & Frankenbach, 2002. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 5: 12.

Type locality: Congo: “Congo-Brazza”. Holotype (male), XII.1993, D. Camiade, in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Congo. Specific localities: Congo – none known.

Euriphene (Euriphene) incerta kivu Hecq, 2002 Kivu Uncertain Nymph

Euriphene incerta kivu Hecq, 2002. In: Bauer & Frankenbach, 2002. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 5: 12.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: North Kivu. Holotype (male) in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) jacksoni (Talbot, 1937) Jackson’s Nymph

32 Diestogyna jacksoni Talbot, 1937. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 86: 69 (59-72). Euriphene (Euriphene) jacksoni (Talbot, 1937). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Eastern Congo: Upper Lowa Valley, near Masisi, West Kivu, 5000-6000 feet”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east – north Kivu, Tshopo), Uganda (western shore of Lake Victoria). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – near Masisi (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) tadema (Hewitson, [1866]) Straw Nymph

Aterica tadema Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 53 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) tadema (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Euriphene tadema tadema. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 21 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euriphene tadema tadema. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ebogo, Cameroon. 13 May 2019. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Central

33 African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia. Recorded, in error, from Ghana by Moschler, 1887 (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest and secondary habitats (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common species (Larsen, 2005a). Usually found flying along forest paths or in clearings in forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) tadema tadema (Hewitson, [1866]) Straw Nymph

Aterica tadema Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 53 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) tadema tadema (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Euriphene tadema tadema. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 21 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euriphene tadema tadema. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ebogo, Cameroon. 13 May 2019. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Agege near Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi (Neustetter, 1916); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). 34 Gabon – Throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

caerulescens Neustetter, 1916 (as var. of Diestogina [sic] tadema). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 103 (95-108). Cameroon: “Barombi, Kamerun”.

Euriphene (Euriphene) tadema nigropunctata (Aurivillius, 1901) Eastern Straw Nymph

Diestogyna nigropunctata Aurivillius, 1901. Entomologisk Tidskrift 22: 117 (113-128). Euriphene (Euriphene) tadema nigropunctata (Aurivillius, 1901). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Euriphene tadema nigropunctata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 59mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge Sakeji School, 11°15S'; 24°18E'. 1500 m. 16.V.1998. E. Townsend. (Newport Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Boyenghé am Ikelemba-Fluss”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west), Zambia. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Boyenghe on the Ikelemba River (TL); Zobia-Niapu-Poko (Hulstaert, 1924); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (single specimen) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School, Ikelenge (female illustrated above).

pallidior Hulstaert, 1924 (as ssp. of Diestogyna cyriaca). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 480 (476-481). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zobia-Niapu-Poko (Uele)”. Note: This taxon is given as a synonym of Euriphene tadema nigropunctata (Aurivillius, 1901) in Ackery et al., 1995: 396 but treated as a good species by Hecq, 1994 (Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 37 (1-62).) However, Larsen (2005a) states that pallidior Hulstaert, 1924 is a junior synonym of Euriphene tadema nigropunctata (Aurivillius, 1901).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina (Karsch, 1894) Sapphire Nymph

Diestogyna saphirina Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 220 (209-240). 35 Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina (Karsch, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ituri-Fähre (W. Albert Njansa)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola. Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies occurs at altitudes from 800 to 1 000 m and subspecies itanii from 800 to 1 500 m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. & Zeyh. (Hamamelidaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 67].

Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina saphirina (Karsch, 1894) Sapphire Nymph

Diestogyna saphirina Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 220 (209-240). Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina saphirina (Karsch, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Ituri-Fähre (W. Albert Njansa)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Equateur, Cataractes), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri (TL); Boyenghe on the Ikelemba River (Aurivillius, 1901); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Kenya – Kisumu (Neave, 1904). Tanzania – Kigoma District, probably to the Ugandan border (Kielland, 1990d).

umbrina Aurivillius, 1901 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Entomologisk Tidskrift 22: 116 (113-128). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Boyenghé am Ikelemba-Fluss”.

hobleyi Neave, 1904 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Novitates Zoologicae 11: 334 (323-363). Kenya: “Kisumu”.

Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina itanii (Carcasson, 1964) Kigoma Sapphire Nymph

Diestogyna itanii Carcasson, 1964. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society & Coryndon Museum 24 (4): 64 (62-67).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Makuyu, Kigoma, Tanganyika”. Diagnosis: Males much paler than those of the nominate subspecies but females identical (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika). Specific localities: Tanzania – Makuyu (TL); Mpanda to Mihumu Forest in Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d).

larseni Hecq, 1994 (as sp. of Euriphene). Revue d’Entomologique Generale 8: 38 (1-62). Ghana: “Aburi”. Known only from a pair labelled ‘Aburi, 12 November 1972’ collected by Father Maessen (Allyn Museum). Illustrated on plate 124 in Larsen, 2005a. Larsen (2005a) states that the specimens on which the description is based may be mislabelled specimens of Euriphene saphirina. Formally synonymized with Euriphene saphirina itanii (Carcasson, 1964) by Collins & Larsen, 2008: 81.

Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina memoria Hecq, 1994 Tanzania Sapphire Nymph

Euriphene saphirina memoria Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 45 (1-62).

Type locality: Tanzania: “”. Distribution: Tanzania.

Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina trioculata (Talbot, 1927) Southern Sapphire Nymph

Diestogyna trioculata Talbot, 1927. Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 267 (267-270). Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina trioculata (Talbot, 1927). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Euriphene saphirina trioculata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 57mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11°15'S; 24°18'. 1500m. 16.V.1998. E. Townsend. (Newport Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congo, Sandoa”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south), Zambia, Angola. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Sandoa (TL). Zambia – Cryptosepalum forest near Kamapanda and Chibwika (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School, Ikelenge (female illustrated above).

Euriphene (Euriphene) saphirina tanzaniensis Hecq, 2002 Kefu Sapphire Nymph

Euriphene saphirina tanzaniensis Hecq, 2002. In: Bauer & Frankenbach, 2002. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 5: 13.

Type locality: Tanzania: Kefu, Kigoma. Holotype (male), 17.IV.1971, J. Kielland, in MRAC. Distribution: Tanzania. Specific localities: Tanzania – Kefu (TL).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia (Hewitson, [1871]) Friendly Nymph

Euryphene amicia Hewitson, [1871] in Hewitson, [1867-71]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 4: 53 (118 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia (Hewitson, 1871). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene amicia amicia. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Rare and local in the west of its range (Sierra Leone to western Ghana), but commoner in the east (Larsen, 2005a). Most often encountered at ground level along forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Larsen, 2005a. The larvae are gregarious.

Larval food: Napoleonaea vogelii Hook. & Planch. (Lecythidaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast].

Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia amicia (Hewitson, [1871]) Friendly Nymph

Euryphene amicia Hewitson, [1871] in Hewitson, [1867-71]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 4: 53 (118 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia amicia (Hewitson, 1871). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene amicia amicia. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana, Togo, Benin (central), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Kagoro Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010).

Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia gola Fox, 1965 Gola Friendly Nymph

Euriphene amicia gola Fox, 1965 in Fox, et al., 1965. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society No. 19: 221 (438 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia gola (Fox, 1965). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Gola Mountains”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Sierra Leone – Gola Mountains (TL). Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020).

Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia excelsior (Rebel, 1911) Ituri Friendly Nymph

Diestogyna excelsior Rebel, 1911. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 24: 411 (409-414). Euriphene (Euriphene) excelsior (Rebel, 1911). Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene amicia excelsior (Rebel, 1911). D’Abrera, 2004: 368 stat. nov.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Nordwestufer des Tanganika-Sees in einer Höhe von ca. 2000 m”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu, Uele), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt 39 Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia fontainei Hecq, 2002 Western Friendly Nymph

Euriphene amicia fontainei Hecq, 2002. In: Bauer & Frankenbach, 2002. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 5: 13. Euriphene (Euriphene) amicia gola (Fox, 1965). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Tshikuma, Sankuru. Holotype (female), 11.X.1950, Dr M. Fontaine, in MRAC. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (west). Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Gola Mountains (TL).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) regula Hecq, 1994 Panda Nymph

Euriphene amicia regula Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 38 (1-62). Euriphene regula Hecq, 1994. Hecq & Oremans, 1998: 553. Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome I): 553 (553-555).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Specific localities: Cameroon Korup (Hecq, 1997). Gabon – Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Franceville (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This appears to be a scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

panda Hecq, 1997 (as sp. of Euriphene). Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome I): 522 (521-522). Type locality: Cameroon: N'Dian Division, Korup national park. Regarded as a synonym of Euriphene regula Hecq, 1994 by Hecq & Oremans, 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome I): 553 (553-558)).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) abasa (Hewitson, [1866]) Black Nymph

Aterica abasa Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 50 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) abasa (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 392.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL). Cameroon – N’Dian (Aurivillius, 1893); Ekundu (Aurivillius, 1893); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kandwé (Holland, 1893); Ogove Valley (Holland, 1893); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010). 40 Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon species that appears to be reclusive and seems to be linked to swampy places (Larsen, 2005a) Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1893 (as sp. of Aterica). Entomologisk Tidskrift 14: 200 [sic] (257-292). Cameroon: “Camerun: N’Dian et Ekundu”; Gabon: “Gabun”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/s).

fuliginosa Holland, 1893 (as sp. of Aterica). Canadian Entomologist 25: 2 (1-3). Gabon: “Kandwé, Ogové Valley”.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) core Hecq, 1994 Core Nymph

Euriphene core Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 40 (1-62).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) plagiata (Aurivillius, 1897) Blue-spot Nymph

Diestogyna plagiata Aurivillius, 1897. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 282 (279-286). Euriphene (Euriphene) plagiata (Aurivillius, 1897). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi”. Distribution: Nigeria (Hecq, 1994), Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (central – Mai-Ndombe, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Bendi (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) pavo (Howarth, 1959) Howarth’s Nymph

Diestogyna pavo Howarth, 1959. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 28: 132 (132-134). Euriphene (Euriphene) pavo (Howarth, 1959). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Warri”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Warri (TL); Ahoada (Larsen, 2005a); Makurdi (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Mamfe. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Apparently a rather localized species, but may be locally common (Larsen, 2005a).

41 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) milnei (Hewitson, [1865]) Cinnamon Nymph

Euryphene milnei Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 47 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) milnei (Hewitson, 1865). Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Recorded, in error, from Liberia by Fox, 1965 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Makurdi (Larsen, 2005a); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Johann-Albrechtshöhe (Bartel, 1905); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Wetter forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A reasonably common species (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes can be found basking on the ground in rays of sunshine along forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [egg]

Larval food: Rhaptopetalum species (Scytopetalaceae) [Amiet, 1999; Cameroon].

fuscomarginata Bartel, 1905 (as sp. of Diestogyna). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 145 (129-152). Cameroon: “N.-Kamerun (Johann-Albrechtshöhe)”. Treated as a good species by Hecq, 1994 (Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 39 (1-62)) but regarded to be a synonym of milnei by Collins & Larsen, 1997: 598. The Euriphene fuscomarginata female redescribed by Hecq (1994), and designated as a lectotype, is not Bartel’s species and was later designated as a female paratype of Euriphene hecqui by Collins & Larsen, 1997.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) hecqui Collins & Larsen, 1997 Hecq’s Nymph

Euriphene hecqui Collins & Larsen, 1997. Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome II): 598 (597-600).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mt. Kamelon, Sangmelina, S. Cameroun, ii.1993 (S.C. Collins).” Holotype in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur), Central African Republic (Collins & Larsen, 1997: 598). Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Kamelon (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) grosesmithi (Staudinger, 1891) 42 Grose-Smith’s Nymph

Aterica grose-smithi Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 94 (61-157). Euriphene (Euriphene) grosesmithi (Staudinger, 1891). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene grosesmithi grosesmithi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station im Hinterlande von Kamerun”. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Scarce west of the Dahomey Gap but commoner from eastern Nigeria, eastwards (Larsen, 2005a). Often found along forest paths but is wary and disappears into the forest undergrowth if disturbed (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) grosesmithi grosesmithi (Staudinger, 1891) Grose-Smith’s Nymph

Aterica grose-smithi Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 94 (61-157). Euriphene (Euriphene) grosesmithi grosesmithi (Staudinger, 1891). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Euriphene grosesmithi grosesmithi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station im Hinterlande von Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Oshogbo near Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Makurdi (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Euriphene (Euriphene) grosesmithi muehlenbergi Hecq, 1995 Western Grose-Smith’s Nymph

Euriphene grosesmithi muehlenbergei Hecq, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (1) (TomeII): 110 (110).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “RCI, Ft. de Bossématié 5.III.1994, (U. Dall’Asta).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Bossematie (TL). Ghana – Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Konongo (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a).

Note: This subspecies seems to be excessively rare, with only about six or seven known captures having been made (Larsen, pers. comm., 2007).

*Euriphene (Euriphene) schultzei (Aurivillius, 1909) Schultze’s Nymph

Schultze’s Nymph (Euriphene schultzei). Female underside. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

44 Diestogyna schultzei Aurivillius, 1909. Arkiv för Zoologi 5 (5): 2 (29 pp.). Euriphene (Euriphene) schultzei (Aurivillius, 1909). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Nordwest Kamerun: Sekám”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Cameroon – Sekam (TL); Rumpi Hills, 1 300 m (T. Helps, vide Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Very scarce in Cameroon but much commoner in the Central African Republic (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Niepelti subgroup

*Euriphene (Euriphene) niepelti (Neustetter, [1916]) Kassai Nymph

Diestogyna niepelti Neustetter, [1916] in Strand, [1916-8]. Lepidoptera Niepeltiana 2: 9 (1-26 (1916); 1-4 (1918). Synonym of Euriphene (Euriphene) glaucopis (Gaede, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene (Euriphene) niepelti (Neustetter, 1916). Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 43 (1-62)

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassai (Kongostaat)”; Cameroon: “Südkamerun”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) glaucopis (Gaede, 1916) Cobalt Nymph

Diestogyna glaucopis Gaede, 1916. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 109 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Euriphene (Euriphene) glaucopis (Gaede, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995: 394.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ikelemba am Sanga, Neu-Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Port Harcourt (D. Knoop, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Ikelemba (TL). Gabon – Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

45 *Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha (Hewitson, [1866]) Dark Nymph

Aterica aridatha Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 49 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) aaridatha (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Euriphene aridatha camerunica. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euriphene aridatha camerunica. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Recorded, probably in error, from the Democratic Republic of Congo by Berger (1981) (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including small remnant patches (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species, which tends to keep to the forest undergrowth. On the rare occasions that it comes to bask on forest paths it is very wary (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha aridatha (Hewitson, [1866]) Dark Nymph

46 Aterica aridatha Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 49 (124 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha aridatha (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Obudu town (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha camerunica d’Abrera, 2004 Cameroon Dark Nymph

Euriphene aridatha camerunica d’Abrera, 2004. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 2: 356. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne & London.

Euriphene aridatha camerunica. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euriphene aridatha camerunica. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype (male): “Cameroons, W. Africa. Adams Beq. f.w. 22 mm”. The types are in the NHM, London. Diagnosis: Male upperside darker brown than the nominate subspecies; white spots on both wings reduced. Male underside with reduced band of discal spots on hindwing; post-basal grey spots on hindwing better

47 developed and more prominent, with the black inner shadow lacking. Female upperside with paler ground colour; white subapical band of forewing narrower and whiter; the two subcostal spots of the white band are especially narrow. Upperside of hindwing with submarginal band of black-centred orange spots not as prominent (D’Abrera, 2004: 356). Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Lolodorf (Allotype); Johann Albrechts Höhe Station (Paratype). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010).

Note: Larsen (2005a) is not convinced that this taxon is subspecifically distinct from the nominate.

Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha feronia (Staudinger, 1891) Western Dark Nymph

Aterica feronia Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 96 (61-157). Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha feronica (Staudinger, 1891). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020).

Euriphene (Euriphene) aridatha transgressa Hecq, 1994 Likpe Dark Nymph

Euriphene aridatha transgressa Hecq, 1994. Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 44 (1-62).

Type locality: Ghana: “Likpe”. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana, Togo, Benin (south). Specific localities: Ghana – Likpe (TL); Kintampo Falls (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) amieti Collins & Larsen, 1997 Amiet’s Nymph

Euriphene amieti Collins & Larsen, 1997. Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome II): 598 (597-600).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Kribi, southeastern Cameroun, xi. 1996.” Holotype in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Distribution: Cameroon (south-east), Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Kribi (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 48

*Euriphene (Euriphene) atrovirens (Mabille, 1878) Blue-black Nymph

Aterica atrovirens Mabille, 1878. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 8: 77 (75-77). Euriphene (Euriphene) atrovirens (Mabile, 1878). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Common name: Black Nymph. [Larsen (2005a) also gives this name to Euriphene abasa]. Type locality: Angola: “Landana”. [False locality.] Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Quite common where it occurs but remains in the forest undergrowth and is very wary. Individuals rest on leaves or on the forest floor. In the afternoon males may rest on a leaf in sunshine about a metre above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [pupa]

Larval food: Oubanguia species (Scytopetalaceae) [Amiet, 1999; Cameroon].

*Euriphene (Euriphene) coerulea Boisduval, 1847 Western Nymph

Euriphene coerulea Boisduval, 1847. In: Delegorgue, A., Voyage dans l’Afrique australe 2: 592 (585-602). Euriphene (Euriphene) coerulea Boisduval, 1847. Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: [West Africa]: “Port Natal”. [False locality.] Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana (west), Nigeria (west). A number of females have been found in western Nigeria but a male is needed to be certain of its status there (Larsen, pers. comm., 2007). Erroneously recorded from South Africa by Trimen, 1862c and Trimen & Bowker, 1887a (as Euryphene caerulea Boisduval) (MCW). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba area (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Fantee (Butler, 1871); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Cape Coast (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Lagos area (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common species (except in western Nigeria), often found on forest paths. Males often defend territories along these paths for days on end (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

felicia Butler, 1871 (as sp. of Aterica). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 80 (79-83). Ghana: “Fantee, Cape Coast”.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) obani Wojtusiak & Knoop, 1994 Oban Nymph

Euriphene obani Wojtusiak & Knoop, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome II): 97 (95-97).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Aningeje, Calabar Prov., XII.1957, Leg. T.H.E. Jackson.” Holotype in Natural History Museum, London. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Aningeje (TL); Ekonganaku area (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a); Edea, south of Douala (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Fairly common where it occurs, usually patrolling forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Taxa not in Hecq, 2002 (not assigned to species groups)

*Euriphene (Euriphene) aurivillii (Bartel, 1905) Barombi Nymph

Diestogyna aurivillii Bartel, 1905. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 146 (129-152). Euriphene (Euriphene) aurivillii (Bartel, 1905). Ackery et al., 1995: 393.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Kamerun (Barombi-Station)”. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) kiki Bernardi & Larsen, 1980 Kiki’s Nymph

Euriphene kiki Bernardi & Larsen, 1980 in d’Abrera, 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 290 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Euriphene (Euriphene) kiki Bernardi & Larsen, 1980. Ackery et al., 1995: 395.

Type locality: Nigeria: “N.W. of Abeokuta, Ogun State”. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – 40 km north-west of Abeokuta (TL). Known only from the type locality. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Known only from the holotype male which was found in a patch of relict forest that has since been destroyed (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

50 *Euriphene (Euriphene) proxima Hecq, 2011 Ghana Nymph

Euriphene proxima Hecq, 2011. Entomologia Africana 16 (1): 13 (13-14).

Type locality: Ghana: Likpe, XI-1974. Holotype (male) in the MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Likpe (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) rotundata (Holland, 1920) Rotund Nymph

Diestogyna rotundata Holland, 1920. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 191 (109-369). Euriphene (Euriphene) rotundata (Holland, 1920). Ackery et al., 1995: 396.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Medje”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Medje (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) epe Pyrcz & Larsen, 2009 Violet Nymph

Euriphene epe Pyrcz & Larsen, 2009. Larsen, Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2009. Metamorphosis 20 (3): 90 (89-99).

Euriphene epe male (holotype). Left – upperside; right – underside Images courtesy Torben Larsen

Euriphene epe female (allotype). Left – upperside; right – underside Images courtesy Torben Larsen

Type locality: Nigeria: “Lagos State, 5 km before Epe (6°28'25"N 3°47'20"E), 10 m, 28.xi.1999 (T.Pyrcz leg., coll. MZUJ).” Holotype in the Muzeum Zoologiczne Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, Poland. Distribution: Benin (south), Nigeria (west). General: Euriphene epe has been recorded, on numerous occasions, from western Nigeria as Euriphene tadema (Larsen et al., 2009). Pyrcz, who compared specimens of tadema (sensu lato) from both eastern and western Nigeria that he collected between 2000 and 2002, realized that the western populations belonged to an undescribed species. Specific localities: Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Epe, Lagos State (TL); Isheri, Lagos State (D. Knoop, vide Larsen et al., 2009); Ajebandele, Ondo State [6°43'44"N 4°21'30"E] (T. Pyrcz, vide Larsen et al., 2009); Okomu Forest Reserve, Edo State [6°43'55"N 5°14'19"E] (T. Pyrcz, vide Larsen et al., 2009); Ikeja (Larsen et al., 2009); 4 m NW of Agege (Larsen et al., 2009); Omo Forest (Larsen et al., 2009); Ilaro Forest (Larsen et al., 2009); Warri [5°33'N 5°47'E] (Dr Roth, vide Larsen et al., 2009); Gregiari (Ansorge, vide Larsen et al., 2009); Degama (Ansorge, vide Larsen et al., 2009). Habitat: Forest with a closed canopy, including secondary forest(Larsen et al., 2009). The small forest at the type locality no longer exists as it was clear-felled (Larsen et al., 2009). Habits: Occurs in localized colonies but is not rare where found (Larsen et al., 2009). Females appear to remain in the darker parts of the forest and are therefore less commonly seen than males(Larsen et al., 2009). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Euriphene) taigola Sáfián & Warren-Gash, 2009 Royal Blue Nymph

Euriphene taigola Sáfián & Warren-Gash, 2009. Larsen, Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2009. Metamorphosis 20 (3): 95 (89-99).

Euriphene taigola male (holotype). Left – upperside; right – underside Images courtesy Torben Larsen

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Kenema District, Sileti Camp, Gola East (7°22'40"N 11°15'10"W), 18- 21.xi.2008 (Sz. Sáfián, G. Csontos, R. Vorgas & P. Vámosi leg., coll. ABRI).” Female first described by Safian et al., 2019. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. General remarks: A rare species, first collected in 2001, when it was identified as a new species by H. Warren-Gash and T.B. Larsen. Further specimens, procured by Szabolcs Safian, confirmed that it was new and enabled a description of the species in 2009. Habitat: Wet and hyper-wet lowland Forest (Safian et al., 2019). Habits: Males are known to hilltop and both sexes come to fermenting fruit (Safian et al., 2019). Specific localities: Guinea – Foret Classee de Diecke (Safian et al., 2019). Sierra Leone – Sileti Camp, Gola East (TL); Lalehun, Gola North (7°40'10.59"N 10°56'53"W). Liberia – Western range of Nimba Mountains (Safian et al., 2019); Gola forests (Safian et al., 2019). Ivory Coast – Tai Forest (Warren-Gash, vide Larsen et al., 2009). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Doricleana Hecq, 1994

Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 11 (1-62). Type-species: Euriphene doriclea Drury, by original designation. Note: G. Lamas (pers. comm., Sep., 2007) states that Doricleana is an unavailable name as no type- species was apparently designated.

*Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea (Drury, 1782) Pale Nymph

Papilio doriclea Drury, 1782. Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 50 (76 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) doriclea (Drury, 1782). Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea (Drury, 1782). Hecq, 1994.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon”.

53 Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Forest of reasonable quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rather scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens usually settle with the wings held closed (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1999. [larva and pupa]

Larval food: Nothing published.

Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea doriclea (Drury, 1782) Pale Nymph

Papilio doriclea Drury, 1782. Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 50 (76 pp.). London. Euriphene (Euriphene) doriclea doriclea (Drury, 1782). Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea doriclea (Drury, 1782). Hecq, 1994.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea infusca Capronnier, 1889 Central Pale Nymph

Euriphene infusca Capronnier, 1889. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 1889: 145 (141-148). Euriphene (Euriphene) doriclea infusca Capronnier, 1889. Ackery et al., 1995: 394. Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea infusca Capronnier, 1889. Hecq, 1994.

Type locality: Gabon: “Forêt de Si-Banghi”. Distribution: Cameroon (north), Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Equateur, Kinshasa, Sankuru, Lualaba, Maniema), Uganda (west – Toro, Bwamba Valley). Specific localities: Gabon – Si-Banghi Forest (TL); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010); Mpassa (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018).

Euriphene (Doricleana) doriclea ducarmei Hecq, 1994 Congo Pale Nymph

Euriphene doriclea ducarmei Hecq, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 439 (437-439).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, Djugu, V.1990, R. Ducarme.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren.

54 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Djugu (TL).

*Euriphene (Doricleana) mollicella (Karsch, 1894) Mukenge Nymph

Diestogyna mollicella Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 219 (209-240). Euriphene mollicella (Karsch, 1894). Hecq, 2007b.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Mukenge”. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Mbagou-Bounie (Hecq, 2007b). Democratic Republic of Congo – Mukenge (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Doricleana) lysandra (Stoll, [1790]) Lysandra Nymph

Papilio lysandra Stoll, [1790] in Stoll, [1787-90]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia Africa en America [Supplement]: 135 ([184 pp.]). Amsterdam. Euriphene (Euriphene) lysandra (Stoll, 1790). Ackery et al., 1995: 395. Euriphene (Doricleana) lysandra (Stoll, 1790). Hecq, 1994.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leon”. [False locality]. Probably Cameroon (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Moyen Congo, Mayumbe). Records from Sierra Leone (“TL”) and Ivory Coast (Hecq, 1994) are erroneous (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (Hewitson, 1869). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Nyonie (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Rarely numerous, usually being found in ones or twos (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Dichapetalum species (Dichapetalaceae) [Amiet, 1999; Cameroon].

zeugma Hewitson, 1869 (as sp. of Aterica). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1869: 73 (71-75). Nigeria: “Old Calabar”.

*Euriphene (Doricleana) paralysandra d’Abrera, 2004 D’Abrera’s Lysandra Nymph

Euriphene paralysandra d’Abrera, 2004. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 2: 366. Hill House, Melbourne & London.

55 Type locality: Nigeria: Ikom, Cross River Loop. Status validated by Collins & Larsen, 2008: 81. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (Larsen, pers. comm., 2007), Gabon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Ikom (TL); Okwango (Collins & Larsen, 2008); Oban Hills (Collins & Larsen, 2008); Makurdi (Collins & Larsen, 2008). Cameroon – Kribi (Collins & Larsen, 2008). Gabon – Pongara (Vande weghe, 2010); Mbigou (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Described from a male and two females taken by T.H.E. Jackson’s collectors in 1956 at Ikom in the Cross River loop, Nigeria. No others have since been found (Larsen, 2005a). Recently found in Cameroon (Larsen, pers. Comm., 2007) and Gabon (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Doricleana) douglassi d’Abrera, 2004 Douglass’ Nymph

Euriphene douglassi d’Abrera, 2004. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 2: 368. Hill House, Melbourne & London.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, Cameroons (Joicey Beq.)”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje (TL). Gabon – camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Etymology: Named for John Douglass, USA, for his support of the author (D’Abrera, 2004). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euriphene (Doricleana) melanops (Aurivillius, 1897) Black-spot Nymph

Diestogyna melanops Aurivillius, 1897. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 282 (279-286). Euriphene (Euriphene) melanops (Aurivillius, 1897). Ackery et al., 1995: 395. Euriphene (Doricleana) melanops (Aurivillius, 1897). Hecq, 1994.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi”. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mai-Ndombe, Uele, Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Bendi (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.