328 Genus Bebearia Hemming

AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 27 December 2020

Genus Bebearia Hemming, 1960 Small Foresters

Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 1): 14 (12-17). Type-species: Euryphene iturina Karsch, by original designation.

The genus Bebearia belongs to the Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815; Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr, 1864; Tribe Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845; Subtribe Bebearina Hemming, 1960. The other genera in the Subtribe Bebearina in the Afrotropical Region are Evena, Aterica, Pseudargynnis, Cynandra, Euryphura, Euryphaedra, Euryphurana, Euphaedra, Euriphene, Euptera and Pseudathyma.

Bebearia (Small Foresters) is an Afrotropical genus containing 114 species. Generic reviews by Hecq (1990, 2002).

Relevant literature: Safian et al., 2016 [Two new species from Nigeria]. Vande weghe, 2007 [New species from Cameroon and Gabon]. Hecq, 2006a [Taxonomy]. Hecq, 2006c [Taxonomy of wilwerthi complex]. Hecq, 2005d [Taxonomic notes]. Amiet, 2004 [Diagnostic characters]. Amiet, 2003b [Early stages of nine species]. Hecq, 2002 [Generic review]. Hecq, 1990 [Generic review].

Subgenus Apectinaria Hecq, 1988

Lambillionea 88: 56 (53-58). Type-species: Euryphene tentyris Hewitson, by original designation.

Tentyris species-group

Tentyris subgroup

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) tentyris (Hewitson, [1866]) Hewitson’s Forester

Hewitson’s Forester (Bebearia tentyris). Left – male upperside. Right – male underside. Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euryphene tentyris Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 50 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia tentyris. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 14 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia tentyris. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon.

2 Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Bossematie (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ankasa N.P. (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri (Bossart, vide Larsen, 2005a); Owabi (Bossart, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Rabi (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest, especially drier forests (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [larva and pupa; Cameroon].

Larval food: Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

calabarensis Felder & Felder, 1867 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7] (as sp. of Euryphene). Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 430 (549 pp.). Wien. “Guinea: Calabar vetus”.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) osyris (Schultze, 1920) Winifred’s Forester

Euryphura tentyris Lokalform osyris Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 725 (639-829). Bebearia tentyris winifredae (Fox, 1965). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia winifredae (Fox, 1965). Hecq, 1994: 438. Bebearia osyris (Schultze, 1920). Larsen, 2005a: 397, stat. nov.

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra-Leona”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Recorded, in error, from Benin by Ackery et al., 1995 (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wanau Forest (Fox, 1965); Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Cape Three Points (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Primary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Not uncommon in the west of its range, but scarcer in the east (Larsen, 2005a). Individuals are known to come to fruit bait (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

winifredae Fox, 1965 (as ssp. of Najas tentyris). In Fox et al., 1965. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society No. 19: 225 (438 pp.). Liberia: “Wanau Forest”. Synonymized with Bebearia osyris by Larsen, 2005a: 398.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) dallastai Hecq, 1994 Dall’Asta’s Forester

3 Bebearia dallastai Hecq, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 439 (437-439).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “RCI, forêt de Bossématié, 14.X.1993, (U. Dall’Asta).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Bossematie (TL). Known only from the type locality and a few other forests in eastern Ivory Coast (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) seeldrayersi (Aurivillius, [1899])

Euryphene tentyris var. seeldrayersi Aurivillius, [1899] in Aurivillius, [1898-9]. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 201 (1-561). Bebearia seeldrayersi (Aurivillius, 1899). Vande weghe, 2010: 291.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo?] “Congo: Momporo”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/s). Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (west), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Gabon – Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo? – Momporo (TL). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017). Habitat: Habits: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) subtentyris (Strand, 1912) Upland Plain Forester

Euryphene subtentyris Strand, 1912. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 118 (107-123). Bebearia tentyris subtentyris (Strand, 1912). Ackery et al., 1995: 423. Bebearia subtentyris (Strand, 1912). Hecq, 1996: 215.

Bebearia subtentyris phoebeensis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Buea”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Habitat: Submontane forest at about 900 to 1 100 m (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Males are found in dense forest undergrowth (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) subtentyris subtentyris (Strand, 1912)

Type locality: Cameroon: “Buea”. Distribution: Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Buea (Mt Cameroon) (TL); Rumpi Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Toko, Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) subtentyris phoebeensis Hecq, 1996

Bebearia subtentyris phoebeensis Hecq, 1996. Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome II): 215 (215-218).

Bebearia subtentyris phoebeensis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Mt Phoebe 1988, D. Bosmans.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Phoebe (TL). Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); cam Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) lucayensis Hecq, 1996 Plain Forester

Euryphura tentyris ab. lucayensis Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 724 (639- 829). Synonym of Bebearia tentyris languida (Schultze, 1920). Ackery et al., 1995: 423. Bebearia subtentyris lucayensis Hecq, 1996. Hecq, 1996. Bebearia lucayensis Hecq, 1996. Larsen, 2005a, stat. rev.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg. Kongo: Kimuenza”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Ghana – Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kimuenza (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is a rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Marantochloa species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon]. Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) languida (Schultze, 1920)

Euryphura tentyris var. languida Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 724 (639- 829). Bebearis tentyris languida (Schultze, 1920). Ackery et al., 1995: 423. Bebearia subtentyris languida (Schultze, 1920). Hecq, 1996: 215. Bebearia languida (Schultze, 1920). Larsen, 2005a: 397.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belg. Kongo: Angu (Uelle-Distr.)”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Angu, Uelle District (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) carshena (Hewitson, [1871]) Shining Blue Forester

Shining Blue Forester (Bebearia carshena). Left – male. Centre – female. Right – male underside. Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euryphene carshena Hewitson, [1871] in Hewitson, [1867-71]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 4: 54 (118 pp.).

Bebearia carshena. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Lualaba), Uganda (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Benin City (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Alen Nkoma (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Dense forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habits: A widespread but scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Often found flying along forest paths (Congdon

7 & Collins, 1998). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [larva and pupa; Cameroon].

Larval food: Marantochloa species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

Absolon Subgroup

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) absolon (Fabricius, 1793) Absolon Forester

Absolon Forester (Bebearia absolon). Left – male. Right – female. Ipassa, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Papilio absolon Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 56 (488 pp.).

Bebearia absolon absolon. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 21 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia absolon absolon. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 14 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: “Guinea”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A relatively common species (Larsen, 2005a). Flies rapidly, close to the ground, often settling on low vegetation in sunny places (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Larsen (2005a) found that males select perches higher up than most of the other small Bebearia species. Early stages:

Schultze, 1920.

Amiet, 1998 [larva and pupa].

Larval food: Trachyphrynium species (Marantaceae) [Schultze, 1920]. Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) absolon absolon (Fabricius, 1793)

Papilio absolon Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 56 (488 pp.).

Bebearia absolon absolon. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 21 June 2016. J. Dobson. 9 Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia absolon absolon. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 14 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: “Guinea”. Distribution: Guinea (east), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin (south), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe, Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Equateur, Kinshasa, Kasai, Sankuru, Lualaba). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018).

candida Capronnier, 1889 (as sp. of Euriphene). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 1889: 145 (141-148). Gabon.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) absolon entebbiae (Lathy, 1906)

Euryphene entebbiae Lathy, 1906. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 5 (1-10).

Bebearia absolon entebbiae. Male (Wingspan 49 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia absolon entebbiae. Female. Left: upperside; right: underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 9-11 June 2017. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Entebbe”. Diagnosis: Differs from the nominate subspecies in that the ground-colour is darker (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Uganda – Entebbe (TL); Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) micans (Aurivillius, [1899]) Shimmering Forester

Euryphene absolon var. micans Aurivillius, [1899] in Aurivillius, [1898-9]. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 201 (1-561).

Bebearia micans. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia micans. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Sassa”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/a). Distribution: Nigeria (Hecq, 1994), Cameroon, Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Sassa (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [larva and pupa; Cameroon].

Larval food: Haumania danckelmaniana (J.Braun & K.Schum.) Milne-Redh. (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) amieti Hecq, 1994

Bebearia amieti Hecq, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome I): 20 (19-22).

Bebearia amieti. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia amieti. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “d’élevage, Cameroun, Zamaksé, XI/XII.1991, J.-L. Amiet.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Zamakse (TL). Gabon – Probably throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Zonara subgroup

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) zonara (Butler, 1871) Light Brown Forester

Male Light Brown Forester (Bebearia zonara), Bobiri, Ghana. Image courtesy Pamela Sai.

Aterica zonara Butler, 1871. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 81 (79-83).

Bebearia zonara. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 27 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Fantee, Cape Coast”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe, Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, Ituri, Tshopo, Equateur, Cataractes, Kasai, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda (Bwamba, Toro). Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Tiwai Island (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Fantee (TL); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Habitat: Forest, including disturbed areas but scarce in the wettest forests (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species that normally flies close to the ground. Males may select perches up to two metres above the ground (Larsen, 2005a).

14 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) abesa (Hewitson, 1869) Black Forester

Aterica abesa Hewitson, 1869. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1869: 74 (71-75).

Bebearia abesa abesa. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 20 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia abesa abesa. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 27 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Cape Coast Castle”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A very rare butterfly that tends to keep to dense forest undergrowth, flying low down (Schultze, 1920). Larsen (2005a), however, found it to be common in Kruwa Camp, in Kakum National Park, Ghana. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

15 Bebearia (Apectinaria) abesa abesa (Hewitson, 1869)

Aterica abesa Hewitson, 1869. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1869: 74 (71-75).

Bebearia abesa abesa. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 20 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia abesa abesa. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 27 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Ghana: “Cape Coast Castle”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe, Ubangi, Mongala, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Sankuru). Specific localities: Ghana – Cape Coast Castle (TL); Kruwa Camp, Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

cercestis Ward, 1871 (as sp. of Euryphene). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 36 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122). Cameroon: “Camaroons”.

banksi Hecq & Larsen, 1998 (as sp. of Bebearia). Lambillionea 98 (3) (Tome I): 359 (359-360). Ghana: “Kakum National Park (Abrafo), XII.1997.” Described from a specimen that was videotaped in the wild by John Banks. Implied to be a synonym of Bebearia abesa abesa (Hewitson, 1869) by Larsen (2005a: 400).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) abesa pandera Hecq, 1988

Bebearia abesa pandera Hecq, 1988. Lambillionea 88: 31 (27-32).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Paulis”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele); Uganda (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

Note: Although Larsen (2005a) gives the distribution of the two subspecies as noted above, he states that populations from Nigeria to Uganda are probably referable to subspecis pandera Hecq, 1988. “It is thus likely that the name cercestis Ward, 1871 (TL ‘Camaroons’) is a senior synonym [of pandera]”.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) mandinga (Felder & Felder, 1860) Mandinga Forester

Euryphene mandinga Felder & Felder, 1860. Wiener Entomologische Monatsschrift 4: 108 (97-112).

Bebearia mandinga mandinga. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia mandinga mandinga. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 17

Bebearia mandinga mandinga. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kongu, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 23 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Amiet, 1998 [egg, larva and pupa; Cameroon].

Larval food: Hypselodelphys scandens Louis & Mullend. (Marantaceae) [Fontaine, 1988; Democratic Republic of Congo]. Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) mandinga mandinga (Felder & Felder, 1860)

Euryphene mandinga Felder & Felder, 1860. Wiener Entomologische Monatsschrift 4: 108 (97-112).

Bebearia mandinga mandinga. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia mandinga mandinga. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia mandinga mandinga. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kongu, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 23 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Senegal. Probably patria falsa; more likely to be Sierra Leone (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (most parts). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) mandinga beni Hecq, 1990

Bebearia mandinga beni Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 11 (1-46).

Bebearia mandinga beni. Female (Wingspan 62 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Diagnosis: Larger and darker than the nominate subspecies (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Uganda (Bwamba, Toro). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2017).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) oxione (Hewitson, [1866]) Banded Forester

Banded Forester (Bebearia oxione) male, Ankasa, Ghana. Image courtersy Pamela Sai.

Euryphene oxione Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 50 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia oxione oxione. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Coldwater, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia oxione oxione. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Coldwater (top), Liberia. 13 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly scarce species, most often seen along forest paths. It is a wary insect but avidly feeds from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [larva and pupa; Cameroon].

Larval food: Marantochloa purpurea (Ridl.) Milne-Redh. (Marantaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. Marantochloa species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) oxione oxione (Hewitson, [1866])

Euryphene oxione Hewitson, [1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 50 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia oxione oxione. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Coldwater, Liberia. 9 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia oxione oxione. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Coldwater (top), Liberia. 13 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) oxione squalida (Talbot, 1928)

Euryphene oxione squalida Talbot, 1928. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 230 (229-231).

Bebearia oxione squalida. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 20 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Uganda]: “Entebbe”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Entebbe (TL); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) partita (Aurivillius, 1895) Falcate Forester

Euryphene partita Aurivillius, 1895. Entomologisches Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 380 (379-382).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station; Victoria, (Kamerun)”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Kinshasa, Cataractes, Kwango, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda (Bwamba, Toro). Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL); Victoria (Aurivillius, 1895); Korup (Matha Bechem, vide Larsen, 2005a; single female). Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [larva; Cameroon].

Larval food: Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

aurivillii Staudinger, 1896 (as sp. of Euryphene). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 8: 371 (366- 379). Cameroon: “Barombi-Station”.

Comus species-group

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) comus (Ward, 1871) Broad-banded Forester

Euryphene comus Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 82 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122).

Bebearia comus comus. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 12 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camaroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Usually in the vicinity of rivers and swamps (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Appears to occur in scattered small colonies. Males often perch several metres up, often on the branches of palms overhanging streams (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 2003 [egg, larva, pupa].

Larval food: Calamus species (Arecaceae) [Amiet, 2003]. Eremospatha species (Arecaceae) [Amiet, 2003].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) comus comus (Ward, 1871)

Euryphene comus Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 82 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122).

Bebearia comus comus. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 12 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camaroons”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Tshopo, Equateur, Cataractes, Kasai, Sankuru). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010); Iguela (Vande weghe, 2010); Fernan Vaz (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) comus retracta Hecq, 1989

Bebearia comus retracta Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 17 (16-20).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Beni”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni, Kivu (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) cinaethon (Hewitson, [1874])

Euryphene cinaethon Hewitson, [1874] in Hewitson, [1872-7]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 5: 44 (127 pp.). London.

Type locality: Gabon: “West Africa (Gaboon)”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cinaethon cinaethon (Hewitson, [1874])

Euryphene cinaethon Hewitson, [1874] in Hewitson, [1872-7]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 5: 44 (127 pp.). London.

25 Type locality: Gabon: “West Africa (Gaboon)”. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe). Specific localities: Gabon – Mboumie (Vande weghe, 2010); Ndjole (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cinaethon ikelemboides Hecq, 1989

Bebearia cinaethon ikelemboides Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 17 (16-20).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “rég. de Kinshasa, Black River”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Black River, Kinshasa (TL).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) ikelemba (Aurivillius, 1901)

Euryphene ikelemba Aurivillius, 1901. Entomologisk Tidskrift 22: 116 (113-128).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congostaat: Boyenghé am Ikelemba-fluss”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) ikelemba ikelemba (Aurivillius, 1901)

Euryphene ikelemba Aurivillius, 1901. Entomologisk Tidskrift 22: 116 (113-128).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Congostaat: Boyenghé am Ikelemba-fluss”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Tshopo). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Boyenghe on the Ikelemba River (TL).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) ikelemba kamituga Berger, 1981

Bebearia kamituga Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 149 (543 pp.). Bruxelles.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kamituga (Kivu-Sud)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kamituga, south Kivu (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018).

Mardania species-group [Reviewed by Hecq (1988), Hancock (1992) and Holmes (2001) [Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 31-62].

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) mardania (Fabricius, 1793) Dark Palm Forester

Bebearia mardania. Male underside. Kwabina-sam, Ghana. Image courtesy Pamela Sai.

Papilio mardania Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 249 (488 pp.).

Bebearia mardania. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia mardania. Female (Wingspan 62 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. 27 Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality. Probably Sierra Leone (Larsen, 2005a)]. Neotype (from Ghana) designated by Holmes, 2001 (Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 45. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (south, central), Nigeria, Cameroon (west), Congo (Holmes, 2001). Recorded, in error, from Angola by Butler (1872) and others subsequently. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Benin – Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016); see Coache et al., 2017. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A relatively common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Males defend territories from perches about two metres above the ground, in forest clearings and along forest roads (Larsen, 2005a). Males of Bebearia mardania and Bebearia cocalia often contest territories (Larsen, 2005a). Females are usually encountered near their palm host-plants (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Borassus palm (Arecaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Coconut palm (Arecaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. (Arecaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Phoenix reclinata Jacq. (Arecaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318].

theogonis Hewitson, 1864 in Hewitson, 1862-6 (as sp. of Euryphene). Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 41 (124 pp.). London. Ghana: “Ashanti”. Given as a good species in Ackery, et al., 1995: 423 but treated as a junior synonym of mardania (Fabricius) by Hecq, 1990 (Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 15 (1-46.)).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalia (Fabricius, 1793) Common Palm Forester

Common Palm Forester (Bebearia cocalia). Left – male. Right – female. Libreville, Gabon. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Common Palm Forester (Bebearia cocalia). Male underside. Ankasa, Ghana. Image courtesy Pamela Sai.

Papilio cocalia Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 250 (488 pp.). Synonym of Bebearia mardania mardania (Fabricius, 1793). Ackery et al., 1995: 420. Bebearia cocalia (Fabricius, 1793). Larsen, 1991c: 308; Congdon & Collins, 1998: 50.

Bebearia cocalia katera. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 21 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia cocalia katera. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 21 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

29 Alternative Common name: Spectre. Type locality: [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.] [Neotype designated by Holmes, 2001 (Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 49)]. Distribution: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest, particulary riparian forest (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania subspecies katera flies at altitudes from 800 to 1 500 m (Kielland, 1990d). Forest of all types and even open country where its palm larval host-plants grow (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Flies close to the ground, but sometimes higher up, and is attracted to fermented bananas. Shy and easily disturbed (Kielland, 1990d). Males establish territories in clearings and along forest roads while females are mainly found in palm thickets (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes keep to the shade most of the time but males like to sometimes bask in the sun (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

Van Someren, 1939.

Larsen, 2005a. The lateral scoli of the larvae are shorter than in other species. This may be an adaptation to the sometimes narrow palm leaves on which they feed.

Larval food: Palm trees (Arecaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 118].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalia cocalia (Fabricius, 1793)

Type locality: [West Africa]: “in Indiis”. [False locality.] [Neotype designated by Holmes, 2001 (Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 49)]. Distribution: Guinea (south-west), Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Conakry area (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalia badiana (Rebel, 1914)

Euryphene badiana Rebel, 1914. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 245 (219-294). Bebearia badiana (Rebel, 1914). Ackery et al., 1995: 418. Bebearia cocalia badiana (Rebel, 1914). Congdon & Collins, 1998: 50.

Bebearia cocalia badiana. Male (Wingspan 56 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Kaweri Swamp, Uganda. 10 January 2010. M. Barnett. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Rutschuru-Ebene”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Uganda (west), Kenya (west, east-central, south- central), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Rutschuru-Ebene (TL); Mawambi (Rebel, 1914). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). inornata Rebel, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 219-294. [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Urwalde bei Mawambi”. Given as a synonym of Bebearia badiana badiana (Rebel, 1914) by Ackery et al., 1995: 418.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalia continentalis Hecq, 1988

Bebearia cocalia continentalis Hecq, 1988. Lambillionea 88: 122 (119-124). Synonym of Bebearia senegalensis katera (van Someren, 1939). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia cocalia continentalis Hecq, 1988. Holmes, 2001: 53.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Beni”. [False locality?? (Larsen, 2005a)] Distribution: Ghana (Volta region), Togo, Benin (south, central), Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Benin – see Coache et al., 2017.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalia katera (van Someren, 1939)

Euryphene mardania katera van Someren, 1939. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 52 (15-100). Bebearia senegalensis katera (van Someren, 1939). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia cocalia katera (van Someren, 1939). Holmes, 2001: 53.

Bebearia cocalia katera. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 21 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia cocalia katera. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Libreville, Gabon. 21 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Uganda: “Katera”. Diagnosis: Paler than the nominate subspecies (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Angola (north), Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (central), Tanzania (west), Zambia (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Katera (TL). Tanzania – Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Lake Kashiba near Mpongwe (male and female illustrated above).

Note: Specimens from Ikelenge, Zambia are apparently consistently darker in both sexes than those from other localities in Zambia and, according to Heath et al. (2002: 70), may represent an undescribed subspecies.

insularis Schultze, 1920 (as female f. of Euryphene mardania). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 721 (639-829). Equatorial Guinea: “Fernando-Po”.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) senegalensis (Herrich-Schaeffer, [1858]) Senegal Palm Forester

Euryphene senegalensis Herrich-Schaeffer, [1858] in Herrich-Schaeffer, [1856-8]. Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge 1 (1): figs 95-98 (1-84.). Regensburg. Bebearia senegalensis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1858). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia cocalia senegalensis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1858). Holmes, 2001: 49. Bebearia senegalensis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1858). Larsen, 2005: 403.

Type locality: “Westafrika”. [Senegal (Larsen, 2005a)]. Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea (north), Sierra Leone (north), Ivory Coast (north). Specific localities: Senegal – Dakar (Larsen, 2005a). Gambia – Abuko, Pirang (Jon Baker, pers. comm., May 2020). Guinea-Bissau – Bijagos Island (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea – Labe area of the Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a); Dubreka near Conakry (Larsen, 2005a); Parc National du Haut Niger (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Kamakoni (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Mount Sangbe (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Dry forest and Guinea savanna (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Populations are associated with the small palms that are the host-plants of the larvae. These palms usually grow in sandy depressions (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Raphia palma-pinus (Gaertn.) Hutch. (Arecaceae) [Barnett et al., 2003; Gambia].

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) guineensis (Felder & Felder, [1867]) Wide-banded Palm Forester

Euryphene guineensis Felder & Felder, [1867] in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 430 (549 pp.). Wien. Bebearia guineensis (Felder & Felder, 1867). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia cocalia guineensis (Fleder & Felder, 1867). Holmes, 2001: 51. Bebearia guineensis (Felder & Felder, 1867). Larsen, 2005a: 402.

Type locality: Guinea [Nigeria]: “Calabar Vetus”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola (north). Specific localities: Nigeria – Calabar (TL); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Equatorial Guinea – Santa Isabel, Bioko (Martin, 2015); Botonos, Bioko (Martin, 2015). Gabon – Probably throughout (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Primary, undistubed forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a rare butterfly throughout its range (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Vande weghe (2010: 293) treats guineensis (informally) as a subspecies of cocalia, without explanation in regard to Larsen’s (2005) treatment of the taxon.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) orientis (Karsch, 1895) Eastern Palm Forester

Euryphene orientis Karsch, 1895. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 277 (275-286). Bebearia mardania orientis (Karsch, 1895). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Bebearia orientis (Karsch, 1895). Pringle et al., 1994: 105.

Male of the Eastern Palm Forester. Bunga Inselberg, Gorongosa N.P. Image courtesy Bart Wursten (May 2015).

Bebearia orientis malawiensis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Honde Valley, Zimbabwe. 7 May 1996. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Bebearia orientis malawiensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. 34 Honde Valley, Zimbabwe. 7 May 1996. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Ostafrika, zumeist von Dar es Salaam”. Diagnosis: Closest to Bebearia cocalia but male much paler, and with distinctive genitalia (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies occurs from sea-level to 1 100 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Flies low down, often settling on the ground or rocks, and is very wary. Both sexes feed from fermented fruit (Pringle et al., 1994). Subspecies dealbata and taveta are apparently very rare (Larsen, 1991c). They tend to stay near the raffia palms on which the larvae feed (Larsen, 1991c). Flight period: Probably flies in most months of the year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages:

Plowes, in Van Son, 1979: 118. “Mr D.C.H. Plowes supplied a short description which follows: ‘The larvae are green and lie in the folds of the leaf-blades; the pupae are a brilliant light emerald-green, with gold along the edges of the facets, and with gold points where these meet; they are attached to the underside of leaf-blades of Phoenix reclinata, preferably in the shade and often over water and are surprisingly hard to see.’”

Mullin, in Pringle et al., 1994: 105 [as Bebearia orientis; Zimbabwe].

Congdon et al., 2017 [final instar larva].

Larval food: Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) [Van Son, 1979: 118; probably]. Hyphaene sp. (Arecaceae) [Congdon et al., 2017; for ssp. insularis; Ngezi Forest, Pemba]. Phoenix reclinata Jacq. (Arecaceae) [Plowes, D., in Van Son, 1979: 118]. Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. (Arecaceae) [Pringle et al., 1994: 105].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) orientis orientis (Karsch, 1895)

Euryphene orientis Karsch, 1895. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 277 (275-286). Bebearia orientis orientis (Karsch, 1895). Pringle et al., 1994: 105.

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Ostafrika, zumeist von Dar es Salaam”. Distribution: Somalia (south), Kenya (east), Tanzania (east), Malawi (north), Zambia (east). Specific localities: Tanzania – Dar es Salaam (TL); Usagara (Staudinger, 1896); Useramo (Staudinger, 1896); Lindi (Staudinger, 1896); Coastal forests (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); foot of Mount Image (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Rift (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Tukuyu (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi – Nyika N.P. (J. Timberlake, pers. comm., 2019). Zambia – Danger Hill, Mpika (Heath et al., 2002); Luangwa Valley (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002); Nyika (Heath et al., 2002).

pseudocalia Staudinger, 1896 (as var. of Euryphene senegalensis). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 8: 369 (366-379). Tanzania: “Usagara; Useramo; Lindi”.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) orientis insularis Kielland, 1985

Bebearia orientis insularis Kielland, 1985. Arnoldia. Zimbabwe 9: 271 (267-276).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Pemba island, Ngezi Forest”. Diagnosis: Male with forewing subapical orange band wider than in nominate subspecies; the median dark streak in space 1b directed towards the base. Female with forewing black apical area reduced (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (Pemba Island). Specific localities: Tanzania – Ngezi Forest (TL).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) orientis malawiensis Holmes, 2001

Bebearia orientis malawiensis Holmes, 2001. Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 56 (31-62).

Bebearia orientis malawiensis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Honde Valley, Zimbabwe. 7 May 1996. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Bebearia orientis malawiensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Honde Valley, Zimbabwe. 7 May 1996. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: Malawi. Distribution: Malawi (south), Mozambique, Zimbabwe (north and east) (Holmes, 2001). Specific localities: Malawi – Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010). 36 Mozambique – Amatongas (Pringle et al., 1994); Maronga (Pringle et al., 1994); Dondo (Pringle et al., 1994; male illustrated above); Moribane Forest (female illustrated above); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe – Mutare (Sheppard); Witchwood Valley (Barnes); Umvumvumwa River, below the Chimanimani Mountains (Pringle et al., 1994); Dichwe Farm, east of Chinhoyi (Mullin).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) orientis dealbata (Carcasson, 1958)

Euryphene mardania dealbata Carcasson, 1958. Occasional Papers. Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi 5: 3-9. Bebearia badiana dealbata (Carcasson, 1958). Ackery et al., 1995: 418. Bebearia orientis dealbata (Carcasson, 1958). Holmes, 2001: 58.

Type locality: Kenya: “Mikinduri, Meru, Eastern Kenya Colony”. Distribution: Kenya. Specific localities: Kenya – Mikinduri, Meru (TL); eastern and southern slopes of Mount Kenya (Larsen, 1991c); Nyambeni Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Ol’Doinyo Sabuk (Larsen, 1991c); upper Athi River (Larsen, 1991c).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) orientis taveta Clifton, 1980

Bebearia dealbata taveta Clifton, 1980. In: d’Abrera, 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 310 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Bebearia badiana taveta Clifton, 1980. Ackery et al., 1995: 418. Bebearia orientis taveta Clifton, 1980. Holmes, 2001: 58.

Type locality: Kenya: “Kitobo Forest, Taveta”. Distribution: Kenya. Specific localities: Kenya – Kitobo Forest, Taveta (TL).

Note: D’Abrera (2004: 386) formally recombines taveta as B. cocalia taveta without reference to Holmes (2001: 58), who formally placed it in the combination B. orientis taveta. Given the general distributions of cocalia and orientalis it is most likely that Holmes’ treatment of taveta is the correct one.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalioides Hecq, 1988 Large Palm Forester

Bebearia mardania cocalioides Hecq, 1988. Lambillionea 88: 124 (119-124). Bebearia cocalioides Hecq, 1988. Holmes, 2001: 45.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalioides cocalioides Hecq, 1988

Bebearia mardania cocalioides Hecq, 1988. Lambillionea 88: 124 (119-124).

37 Bebearia cocalioides Hecq, 1988. Holmes, 2001: 45.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala”. Distribution: Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) cocalioides hecqi Holmes, 2001

Bebearia cocalioides hecqi Holmes, 2001. Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 46 (31-62).

Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Calabar (Holmes, 2001); Oban Hills (St Leger, vide Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010).

Sophus species-group

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus (Fabricius, 1793) Sophus Forester

Sophus Forester (Bebearia sophus). Female. Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Papilio sophus Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 46 (488 pp.).

Bebearia sophus sophus. Male (Wingspan 55 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia sophus sophus. Female (Wingspan 69 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia sophus sophus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: No locality given. Sierra Leone designated as type locality (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo?, Central African Republic, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania.

39 Habitat: Low to montane forest, including riverine forest (Larsen, 2005a). It also occurs in degraded habitats (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania subspecies ochreata occurs at altitudes from 800 to 2 000 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A widespread, common species that rarely leaves the shade of the forest (Larsen, 1991c). Both sexes fly low down along forest paths and in forest clearings and are often seen feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). They are especially fond of figs, which are often found on the forest floor courtesy of the messy eating habits of black colobus monkeys (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages:

Van Someren, 1939.

Larval food: Landolphia species (Apocynaceae) [Van Someren, 1939]. Chysophyllum species (Sapotaceae) [Van Someren, 1939]. Note: According to Larsen (1999) this is the only species of Bebearia whose larvae are known to feed on dicotyledons.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus sophus (Fabricius, 1793)

Papilio sophus Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 46 (488 pp.).

Bebearia sophus sophus. Male (Wingspan 55 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia sophus sophus. Female (Wingspan 69 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson.

40 Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia sophus sophus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: No locality given. Sierra Leone designated as type locality (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Guinea (Conakry), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (south, central), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo?, Democratic Republic of Congo?. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Bossematie (Fermon). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin – Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016); see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Kagoro Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouuna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus aruunda (Overlaet, 1955)

Euriphene sophus aruunda Overlaet, 1955. Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 34 (1-106).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kapanga, Katanga”. Distribution: Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe, Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Cataractes, Kwilu, Kasai, Sankuru, Lomami, Lualaba, Tanganika). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga, Katanga (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018).

albofasciata Overlaet, 1955 (as f. of Euriphene sophus aruunda). Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 35 (1-106). No locality given.

41 variegata Overlaet, 1955 (as f. of Euriphene sophus aruunda). Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 35 (1-106). No locality given.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus audeoudi (Riley, 1936)

Euryphene sophus audeoudi Riley, 1936 in Audeoud, 1936. Bulletin de la Société Lépidoptérologique de Genève 7: 184 (184-187).

Bebearia sophus audeoudi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 6 October 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Bebearia sophus audeoudi. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 6 October 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex J. Greyling Collection.

Type locality: Uganda: “Forêt de Bugoma, Unyoro, Ouganda”. Diagnosis: Female darker green than in subspecies ochreata (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (extreme north-west). Specific localities: Uganda – Bugoma Forest (TL); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); South Kavirondo (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Kielland, 1990d).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus monforti Hecq, 1990

Bebearia sophus monforti Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 20 (1-46).

Type locality: Rwanda. Distribution: Rwanda.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus ochreata (Carcasson, 1961)

Euryphene sophus ochreata Carcasson, 1961. Occasional Papers. Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi 7: 8 (1-23).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Wanzizi, Mpanda, Western Province, Tanganyika Territory”. Distribution: Tanzania (west ). Specific localities: Tanzania – Wanzizi (TL); Mpanda and Kigoma Districts (Kielland, 1990d).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) sophus phreone (Feisthamel, 1850)

Euryphene phreone Feisthamel, 1850. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (2) 8: 253 (247-262).

Type locality: Senegal: “Cazamance”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea. Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (TL).

Barce species-group

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) barce (Doubleday, 1847) Shining Green Forester

Aterica barce Doubleday, 1847. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847: 59 (58-61).

Bebearia barce maculata. Male. Left: upperside; right: underside. Semuliki N.P., Uganda. 4 June 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

43 Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Recorded, in error, from Togo (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Appears to be associated with marshy areas with swamp palms (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Although widespread, this is a scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). It flies low down and is wary, even when feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [larva; Cameroon].

Larval food: Hypselodelphys species (Marantaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) barce barce (Doubleday, 1847)

Aterica barce Doubleday, 1847. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847: 59 (58-61).

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020).

lesbonax Hewitson, 1864 in Hewitson, 1862-6 (as sp. of Euryphene). Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 42 (124 pp.). London. “Niger”.

achillaena Bartel, 1905 (as ab? of Euryphene barce). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 144 (129-152). Togo: “Bismarckburg”. [False localitiy (Larsen, 2005a: 400)].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) barce maculata (Aurivillius, [1912])

Euryphene barce race maculata Aurivillius, [1912] in Seitz, [1908-25]. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 178 (614 pp.).

Bebearia barce maculata. Male. Left: upperside; right: underside. Semuliki N.P., Uganda. 4 June 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”; Congo: “French Congo”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Equateur, Kasai, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda (Toro). Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996).

Staudingeri species-group

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) staudingeri (Aurivillius, 1893) Staudinger’s Forester

Euryphene staudingeri Aurivillius, 1893. Entomologisk Tidskrift 14: 199 (257-292).

Bebearia staudingeri staudingeri male upperside.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camerun: N’Dian”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/s). Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Generally a scarce species throughout its range (Larsen, 2005a). Individuals feed from fermenting fruit and are wary (Schultze, 1920; Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

45 Bebearia (Apectinaria) staudingeri staudingeri (Aurivillius, 1893)

Euryphene staudingeri Aurivillius, 1893. Entomologisk Tidskrift 14: 199? (257-292).

Bebearia staudingeri staudingeri male upperside.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camerun: N’Dian”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Sankuru). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Talbot, 1912). Cameroon – N’Dian (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) staudingeri okomu Collins & Larsen, 2008

Bebearia staudingeri okomu Collins & Larsen, 2008. Metamorphosis 19: 83 (42-113).

Bebearia staudingeri okomu male upperside.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Nigeria, Edo State, Okomu National Park (06° 26'N 05° 10'E), xii.2005 (R. Warren leg., coll. ABRI).” Etymology: Named after Okumo National Park in western Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu National Park (TL); Benin City (Collins & Larsen, 2008).

Bebearia (Apectinaria) staudingeri carensis Collins & Larsen, 2008

Bebearia staudingeri carensis Collins & Larsen, 2008. Metamorphosis 19: 83 (42-113).

Bebearia staudingeri carensis male upperside.

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Central African Republic, Moloundou [near Bangui], (04° 30'N 17° 45'E), xii.1997 (ABRI leg. et coll.).” Etymology: The name is based on the English abbreviation of the Central African Republic (CAR) (Collins & Larsen, 2008). Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central Afican Republic – Moloundou (TL).

Plistonax species-group

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) plistonax (Hewitson, [1874]) Plistonax

Euryphene plistonax Hewitson, [1874] in Hewitson, [1872-7]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 5: 43 (127 pp.). London.

Bebearia plistonax. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kongu, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 23 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia plistonax. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 78mm. Bangui, R. C. A. 84.11.10. R.P. Godart. (Curle Trust Collection – 87).

Type locality: Angola: “West Africa (Angola)”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Tshuapa, Equateur, Kasai, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west), Zambia (north). Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (St Leger, 1965); Mambilla Plateau (R. Warren, vide Larsen, 2005a); Ikeja near Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Molundu (Gaede, 1916); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998); Bangui (female illustrated above). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Forbes, 2018). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (single record) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Chibwika (Heath et al., 2002); Lusaka (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A not uncommon species that is a very powerful flier. Although it spends most of the time in dense undergrowth it may also be seen flying rapidly along forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes may be seen 48 feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Ochna pulchra Hook. f. (Ochnaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 70]. Unidentified dicotyledon [Amiet, 2003].

Note: Ackery et al., 1995 suggest that the eastern populations may represent an undescribed subspecies.

flavitaenia Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euryphene plistonax). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 (105-106, 109-112, 125-126). Cameroon: “Molundu, Kamerun”.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) arcadius (Fabricius, 1793) Arcadian

Papilio arcadius Fabricius, 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 151 (488 pp.).

Type locality: “Africa”. Probably Sierra Leone (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Guinea – Labe (Larsen, 2005a); Nimba (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Atewa Range (Aduse-Poku & Doko-Marfo, 2007). Habitat: Wetter forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a rare butterfly, which is extremely wary (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes come to fallen fruit and can be captured using pawpaw and drop traps (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

siva Godart, 1824 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824] (as sp. of Nymphalis). Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 398 (1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]). Paris. No locality given.

Elpinice species-group

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) elpinice (Hewitson, 1869) Strange Forester

Euryphene elpinice Hewitson, 1869. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 97 (97-99).

49 Bebearia elpinice. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Ahoada (Larsen, 2005a); near Okarara in the Oban Hills (P. Walwanda, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Aurivillius, vide Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Ogove River (Holland, 1886); Lake Evaro (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010);camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Scarce and localized throughout its range (Shultze, 1920; Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

goodii Holland, 1886 (as sp. of Euryphene). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 13: 329 (325-332). Gabon: “Ogové River, W. Africa”.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) hassoni Hecq, 1998

Bebearia hassoni Hecq, 1998. Entomologia Africana 3 (2): 39 (28-29, 39-40).

Type locality: Angola: Cuanza-Sul. Distribution: Angola. Specific localities: Angola – Cuanza-Sul (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

No species-group assigned

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) alissae Oremans, 2014

Bebearia alissae Oremans, 2014. Saturnafrica 18: 13 (13-14).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Congo (RDC), province de l’Equateur, environs de Lukolela, XII-2003, in collection Ph. Oremans.”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lukolela (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) oshogbo Pyrcz & Sáfián, 2016

Bebearia oshogbo Pyrcz & Sáfián, 2016. Zootaxa 4175 (5): 451 (449-462).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Oshogbo Sacred Forest, Osun State 07.XII.1999. Coordinates: 7°45’15”N 4°32’60”E. Elevation: 320 m asl. leg.: Tomasz Pyrcz. Deposited in the MZUJ collection.” Diagnosis: “Males of B. oshogbo can be distinguished without difficulty from those of B. tentyris and B. osyris on the basis of the colour and the extent of the iridescent sheen on both wings. B. tentyris has a deep violet-blue sheen, which extends beyond the post-median band on the forewing. On the hindwing, when present, the sheen is restricted to the base. B. osyris has a deeper bluish-green sheen on both wings, which extends beyond the post-median transverse band on the forewing, also beyond the median transverse band on the hindwing. Although there are visible differences between the male genitalia in the B. tentyris-group, they proved rather variable even within a single species and we therefore chose not to use these characters for the diagnosis. The females of the three species cannot be distinguished on the basis of marco [macro]- morphological characters, but there are distinctive differences in the female genitalia. In. B. oshogbo the papillae anales are shorter in lateral view than in B. osiris and B. tentyris and also less flattened. The ductus bursae is more constricted before the opening of bursa compared to the allied species.” Etymology: Named for the type locality (Safian et al., 2016). Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Oshogbo Sacred Forest, Osun State (TL); Ajebandele, Ondo State (Safian et al., 2016). Habitat: Forest (Safian et al., 2016) Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) paludicola Holmes, 2001 Swamp Palm Forester

Euryphene mardania ab. paludicola Schultze, 1920. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 721 (639-829). Bebearia paludicola Holmes, 2001. Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 47 (31-62).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: N’ginda”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Swampy areas in forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Much scarcer than Bebearia cocalia, and in more localized populations (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 2003 [larva].

Larval food: Calamus deerratus G.Mann & H.Wendl. (Arecaceae) [Amiet, 2003].

Bebearia (Apectinaria) paludicola paludicola Holmes, 2001

Type locality: Cameroon: “Süd-Kamerun: N’ginda”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic 51 Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – near Calabar (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – N’ginda (TL).

paludicola Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euryphene mardania). Infrasubspecific.

Bebearia (Apectinaria) paludicola blandi Holmes, 2001

Bebearia paludicola blandi Holmes, 2001. Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 48 (31-62).

Type locality: Ghana. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Forest (Larsen, pers. comm., 2007); Ashanti (Larsen, pers. comm., 2007); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) wojtusiaki Sáfián, Brattström & Pyrcz 2016

Bebearia wojtusiaki Sáfián, Brattström & Pyrcz, 2016. Zootaxa 4175 (5): 456 (449-462).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Ologbo, South of Benin City, Edo State 22.XI.2010. leg.: Oskar Brattström Coordinates: 6°1'2.94"N, 5°32'26.76"E. Elevation: 22 m asl. Gen. prep.: OB-BEB-003. Deposited in the ABRI collection.” Diagnosis: “B. wojtusiaki, at first impression, resembles a slightly darker and well spotted B. plistonax. However, it is instead a morphologically intermediate species between B. plistonax and B. arcadius, as the red colour on the upperside is always slightly darker than on B. plistonax and similarly dark to, or only slightly lighter than B. arcadius. The bluish-white spotting on the forewing of B. wojtusiaki is always more bluish than B. plistonax, as the blue iridescent sheen, similarly to B. arcadius, is more extensive on B. wojtusiaki, and is not restricted just to the close environment of the whitish spots, which is usually the case in B. plistonax (apart from certain specimens from Zambia). The bluish-white spotting is also more extensive in B. wojtusiaki which always has two spots in the space between veins 1 and 2, three between 3 and 4, also three between 4 and 5, the inner ones being rather ill-defined. In females there is always a bluish-white, rather undefined spot at the end of the discoidal cell, visible as bluish-white shading on the males. B. plistonax in most cases have a single whitish spot between veins 1 and 2, a very ill-defined bluish-white spot can occur in space between veins 1 and 2 but it was found only on females from Central Africa, Uganda and Tanzania populations, and only a single male was found with an additional ill-defined bluish-white spot in the spaces between veins 1 and 2 in the series of examined specimens in the ABRI collection from Northern Zambia (among 17 males). The structure of the male genitalia is very similar in all three species, and dissection of multiple specimens from different localities revealed high individual variation and overlap of multiple features between them. We therefore consider male genitalia as lacking diagnostic value in discerning the three species. However, we found morphologically small, but significant differences in the structure of female genitalia with regards to the shape of ductus bursae, which is straight and considerably thinner in B. wojtusiaki, not gently bent before opening into corpus bursae as in B. plistonax and B. arcadius. The bursa copulatrix is sphere-shaped, while it is more oval or pear-shaped in the related species.” Etymology: “We gratefully pay tribute to the late Prof. Janusz Wojtusiak, who studied Nigerian butterflies between 1982 and 1986, by naming this species in his honour. He was the first known person to recognize that the western Nigerian ‘B. plistonax’ differed from the ones found east of the Cross River” (Safian et al., 2016).

52 Distribution: Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Ologbo Forest (TL); Okomu Forest (Safian et al., 2016); Omo Forest (Safian et al., 2016); near Lagos (Safian et al., 2016). Habitat: Forest (Safian et al., 2016) Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Apectinaria) douglassi d’Abrera, 2004

Bebearia douglassi d’Abrera, 2004. Butterflies of tha Afrotropical Region Part 2: 392. Hill House, Melbourne.

Type locality: Cameroon: Holotype (male) ‘Kamerun, Bipindi’ (ex Swinhoe Coll.) (1926)). The Holotype is in the NHM, London. The species was described from a single male. Distribution: Cameroon. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bipindi (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Bebearia Hemming, 1960

Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 1): 14 (12-17). Type-species: Euryphene iturina Karsch, by original designation.

Brunhilda species-group

*Bebearia (Bebearia) brunhilda (Kirby, 1889)

Euryphene brunhilda Kirby, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 247 (246-249).

Bebearia brunhilda iturina. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Bwamba, Uganda. 8 June 2009. P. Ward.

53 Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia brunhilda iturina. Female. Left: upperside; right: underside. Semuliki N.P., Uganda. 6 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania? Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) brunhilda brunhilda (Kirby, 1889)

Euryphene brunhilda Kirby, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 247 (246-249).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Omotumba, Sankuru (TL of sankuruensis).

sankuruensis Hecq, 1989 (as ssp. of Bebearia brunhilda). Lambillionea 89: 58 (56-61). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru, Omotumba”.

Bebearia (Bebearia) brunhilda iturina (Karsch, 1894)

Euryphene iturina Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 215 (209-240).

Bebearia brunhilda iturina. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Bwamba, Uganda. 8 June 2009. P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia brunhilda iturina. Female. Left: upperside; right: underside. Semuliki N.P., Uganda. 6 June 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ituri-Fähre (W. Albert Njansa)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) cottoni (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Euryphene cottoni Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 475 (469-482).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala; Beni-Mwambe”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (on the periphery of the central basin). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala (TL); Beni-Mwambe (Bethune-Baker, 1908); Medje (Holland, 1920); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

lucasi Holland, 1920 (as ?). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 183 (109-369). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Medje”.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) fulgurata (Aurivillius, 1904)

Euryphene fulgurata Aurivillius, 1904. Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 95 (92-96).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Lingunda”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Kinshasa, Lomami). 55 Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Lingunda (TL); between Epulu and Duye Rivers, north Ituri Valley (Joicey & Talbot, 1921); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

brunnescens Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as sp. of Euryphene). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 65 (40- 166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Between Epulu and Duye Rivers, N. Ituri Valley”.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) fontainei Berger, 1981

Bebearia fontainei Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 143 (543 pp.). Bruxelles.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru, Djeka-Mbudi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Djeka-Mbudi, Sankuru (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) allardi Hecq, 1989

Bebearia allardi Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 58 (56-61).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kasai, Dekese”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central basin). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Dekese, Kasai (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) schoutedeni (Overlaet, 1954)

Euryphene schoutedeni Overlaet, 1954. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge (N.S.) 1: 490 (490-493).

Bebearia schoutedeni. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 56mm. Isombu, Ikelenge, Zambia. 12.III.76. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Bebearia schoutedeni. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 61mm. Isombu, Ikelenge, Zambia. 12.III.76. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kafakumba, Katanga”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba, Katanga (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); Isombu, Ikelenge (male and female illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) chriemhilda (Staudinger, 1896)

Euryphene chriemhilda Staudinger, 1896. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 8: 370 (366-379).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Usagara, Deutsch-Ost-Afrika”. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (coast). Specific localities: 57 Kenya – Arabuko-Sokoke (Larsen, 1991c); Jilore (Larsen, 1991c); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Usagara (TL); East Usambara (Kielland, 1990d); Kiono Forest near Sadani (Kielland, 1990d); Semdoe Forest Reserve (Doggart et al., 2001). Habitat: Coastal forest (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania it occurs from near sea-level to 1 000 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Flies low down, just above ground level. However, since its larval host plants are palms it often flies higher than other congenerics (Larsen, 1991c). Highly attracted to fermenting fruits (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages:

Van Someren, 1939.

Larval food: Hyphaene species (Arecaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 118].

*Bebearia (Bebearia) dowsetti Hecq, 1990

Bebearia dowsetti Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 25 (1-46).

Type locality: Rwanda. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) laetitioides (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)

Euryphene laetitioides Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 64 (40-166). Synonym of Bebearia congolensis (Capronnier, 1889). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia laetitioides (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Larsen, 2005a: 405.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Lesse. Ituri Forest; Itoa River, Ituri Forest”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Uganda (west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Itoa River, Ituri Forest (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

periguinea Hecq, 1989 (as ssp. of Bebearia laetitioides). Lambillionea 89: 60 (56-61). Ivory Coast: “RCI, Kakprin”. Apparently based on a mislabelled specimen (Larsen, 2005a: 405).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) occitana Hecq, 1989 Occitana Forester

Bebearia laetitioides occitana Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 60 (56-61). Bebearia occitana Hecq, 1989. Larsen, 2005a: 405.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Mkpot”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Mkpot (TL); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Undisturbed wet forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rare and localized species (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes fly close to the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) congolensis (Capronnier, 1889)

Euryphene congolensis Capronnier, 1889. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 1889: 122 (118-127).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kassai”. Distribution: Equatorial zone – Cameroon?, Gabon?, Congo?, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (Davenport, 1996). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kassai (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) hargreavesi d’Abrera, 1980

Bebearia hargreavesi d’Abrera, 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 302 (593 pp.). Melbourne.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Masisi, N.W. Kivu, 5000 ft”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Masisi, north-west Kivu (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Severini species-group

*Bebearia (Bebearia) severini (Aurivillius, 1897)

Euryphene severini Aurivillius, 1897. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 280 (279-286).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi”. Distribution: Cameroon, to Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Bendi (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block

59 (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) phranza (Hewitson, [1865]) White-spot Forester

Euryphene phranza Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 43 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia phranza phranza. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia phranza phranza. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 26 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia phranza phranza. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (Gardiner, 2010b). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A fairly common species that often comes to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) phranza phranza (Hewitson, [1865])

Euryphene phranza Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 43 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia phranza phranza. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia phranza phranza. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 26 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia phranza phranza. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Nyonie (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010).

Bebearia (Bebearia) phranza fuscara Hecq, 1989

Bebearia phranza fuscara Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 70 (69-73).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bangui”. Distribution: Congo (north), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi area). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bangui (TL); Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Bebearia (Bebearia) phranza moreelsi d’Abrera, 1980

Bebearia phranza moreelsi d'Abrera, 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 304 (593 pp.). Melbourne.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “from Mbandaka on the Zaire R. to Ituri Forest”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east – Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Equateur, Kasai, Sankuru, Lomami). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mbandaka (TL); Boyenghe (Aurivillius, 1901); Ituri Forest (d’Abrera, 1980); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

moreelsi Aurivillius, 1901 (as f. of Euryphene phranza). Entomologisk Tidskrift 22: 115 (113-128). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Boyenghé am Ikelemba”.

Bebearia (Bebearia) phranza robiginosus (Talbot, 1927)

Euriphene phranza robiginosus Talbot, 1927. Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 267 (267-270).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “S.E. Congo, Katanga, Kayombo”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kayombo, Katanga (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge district (Gardiner, 2010b).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) laetitia (Plötz, 1880) Laetitia’s Forester

Male Bebearia laetitia, Ankasa, Ghana. Images courtesy Pamela Sai.

Bebearia Euryphene laetitia Plötz, 1880. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 192 (189-206).

Bebearia laetitia. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 14 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Mungo”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Cameroon – Mungo (TL). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Djeke-Mbundi (TL of vesta); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Wetter forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Rather uncommon but widely distributed in their forest habitat (Larsen, 2005a). Males perch in sunny spots in clearings and along forest paths, aggressively defending their territories (Larsen, 2005a). Females may be seen flying low down, in search of plants on which to oviposit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Larsen (2005a: 406) describes a taxon similar to laetitia from Bouake in central Ivory Coast. He suspects that this is an undescribed species but does not name it. A series of 10 males and eight females is in the Allyn Museum, USA.

tia Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Euryphene laetitia). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 111 (108- 123). Ghana: “Goldküste”.

vesta Hecq, 1989 (as ssp. of Bebearia laetitia). Lambillionea 89: 71? (56-61). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru (Z), Djeke-Mbundi”. Synonymized with laetitia by d’Abrera, 2004: 376.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora (Aurivillius, 1896)

Euryphene aurora Aurivillius, 1896. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhlhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 433 (431-436).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ubangi”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zambia. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora aurora (Aurivillius, 1896)

Euryphene aurora Aurivillius, 1896. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhlhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 433 (431-436).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ubangi”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ubangi (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora graueri Hecq, 1990

Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora graueri Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 31 (1-46).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo.

Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora kayonza (Jackson, 1956)

Euryphene wilwerthi [sic] kayonza Jackson, 1956. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 23: 74 (63-102).

Type locality: Uganda: “Kigezi, Kayonza”. Distribution: Uganda (south-west – Kigezi district). Specific localities: Uganda – Kayonza, Kigezi (TL).

Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora theia Hecq, 1989

Bebearia aurora theia Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 72 (69-73).

Bebearia aurora theia. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 56mm. Zambia, N.W. Province, Kasangeji, 11°40'S; 24°25'E. 1500 m. 21-III-2000.

65 F.M. Kayombo. (Newport Collection).

Bebearia aurora theia. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 69mm. Female. Zambia, N.W. Province, Kasangeji, 11°40'S; 24°25'E. 1500 m. 21-III-2000. F.M. Kayombo. (Newport Collection).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Shaba, riv. Lulua, Kapanga”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga (TL). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Kasangeji (male and female illustrated above).

Bebearia (Bebearia) aurora wilwerthi (Aurivillius, 1898)

Euryphene wilwerthi Aurivillius, 1898. Entomologisk Tidskrift 19: 177 (177-186).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Umangi”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/w). Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Umangi (TL).

Note: Regarded as a junior synonym of Bebearia aurora aurora (Aurivillius) by Hecq, 1990 (Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 30 (1-46).).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) juno Hecq, 1990

Bebearia wilwerthi juno Hecq, 1990. ? Bebearia juno Hecq, 1990. Hecq, 2006: 314.

Bebearia juno. Male. Left – upperside; right –underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection.

Type locality: ?. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Gabon – Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) discors Hecq, 1994

Bebearia discors Hecq, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome I): 361 (359-361).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Zaïre, Uele, Paulis 6.IX.1959 (Dr. M. Fontaine).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis, Uele (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) peetersi Hecq, 1994

Bebearia peetersi Hecq, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome I): 360 (359-361).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “RCA, Sangba X-XI.93 J. Peeters.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon (north), Central African Republic (Sangba Reserve). Specific localities: Central African Republic – Sangba Reserve (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) kiellandi Hecq, 1993

Bebearia kiellandi Hecq, 1993. Lambillionea 93 (2) (Tome II): 248 (247-248).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Tanzanie. Minziru Ft., Bukoba, 22.III.1991. J. Kielland leg.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Diagnosis: Similar to Bebearia phantasiella but, in the male forewing upperside, the subapical band is nearly at a right angle to the costa (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Tanzania – Minziro Forest (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A wary insect, which flies close to the ground along forest paths, often settling on the ground. Attracted to fermenting bananas (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) improvisa Hecq, 2000

Bebearia improvisa Hecq, 2000. In: Bauer & Frankenbach, 2000. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 3: 19.

Type locality: Gabon or Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype (male) with two labels: 1) Gabon, Mimango, II-1939 and 2) Congo belge, Epulu, 1940 (MRAC). Distribution: ?Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Mimango (TL). DemocraticRepublic of Congo – Epulu (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) tessmanni (Grünberg, 1910) Tessmann’s Forester

Euryphene tessmanni Grünberg, 1910. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 471 (469- 480).

Bebearia tessmanni tessmanni. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. 68 Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 21 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Alcu, Span. Guinea”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) tessmanni tessmanni (Grünberg, 1910)

Euryphene tessmanni Grünberg, 1910. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 471 (469- 480).

Bebearia tessmanni tessmanni. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 21 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Alcu, Span. Guinea”. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup (Lees, 1989). Equatorial Guinea – Alcu (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010).

Bebearia (Bebearia) tessmanni kwiluensis Hecq, 1989

Bebearia tessmanni kwiluensis Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 73 (69-73).

Type locality: No locality given and no holotype designated. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo.

69 Note: As Larsen (2005a: 411) points out, the name kwiluensis has not been validly published. He also doubts that populations from the east of this butterflies’ range actually deserve subspecific status.

Bebearia (Bebearia) tessmanni innocuoides Hecq, 2000

Bebearia tessmanni innocuoides Hecq, 2000. In: Bauer & Frankenbach. Butterflies of the World, Supplement 3: 20. Goeke & Evers, Keltern, Germany.

Type locality: Nigeria: Okomu. Distribution: Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu (TL); Omo Forest (Larsen, 2005a); Warri (Larsen, 2005a); Elele in Imo State (Larsen, 2005a).

Note: Larsen (2005a: 411) doubts the validity of this taxon because of the variability of the males in Nigeria.

Flaminia species-group

*Bebearia (Bebearia) flaminia (Staudinger, 1891) Flaminia Forester

Euryphene flaminia Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 110 (61-157).

Bebearia flaminia flaminia. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi-Station, im Hinterlande von Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west) (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast by Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979 (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Suspecies leventisi is seasonally common but the nominate subspecies, at least in Nigeria, is scarce (Larsen, 2005a). In the morning males of leventisi were noted defending territories along rides from perches about 1,5 m above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published.

70 Larval food: A dicotyledonous bush [Amiet, 2003].

Bebearia (Bebearia) flaminia flaminia (Staudinger, 1891)

Euryphene flaminia Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 110 (61-157).

Bebearia flaminia flaminia. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi-Station, im Hinterlande von Kamerun”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Sankuru, Lualaba), Uganda (west) (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Blue (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).

Bebearia (Bebearia) flaminia leventisi Hecq & Larsen, 1997

Bebearia flaminia leventisi Hecq & Larsen, 1997. Lambillionea 97 (1) (Tome II): 102 (101-104).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Okomu Nature Sanctuary, Nigeria, xi.1996 (T.B. Larsen leg.).” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu Nature Sanctuary (TL); Omo Forest (Larsen, 2005a).

71 *Bebearia (Bebearia) ducarmei Hecq, 1987

Bebearia ducarmei Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 63 (62-64).

Bebearia ducarmei. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia ducarmei. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Beni”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) maximiana (Staudinger, 1891) Maximal Forester

72 Euryphene maximiana Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 112 (61-157).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi-Station”. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Lualaba). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce butterfly that keeps to the depths of the forest (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: A dicotyledonous tree [Amiet, 2003].

eos Röber, 1936 (as f. of Euryphene aurora). Entomologische Rundschau 53: 580 (575-580). Cameroon: “Kamerun”.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) defluera Hecq, 1998

Bebearia defluera Hecq, 1998. Lambillionea 98: 143 (142-152).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congo, Beni 12.IV.77 R. Ducarme.” In MRAC, Teruven. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) fontaineana Hecq, 1987

Bebearia maximiana fontaineana Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 64 (62-64). Bebearia fontaineana Hecq, 1987. Hecq, 1998: 143.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru, Katako-Kombe”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Wet forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a) (subspecies vinula). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) fontaineana fontaineana Hecq, 1987

Bebearia maximiana fontaineana Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 64 (62-64). Bebearia fontaineana Hecq, 1987. Hecq, 1998: 143.

73 Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Sankuru, Katako-Kombe”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru). Known only from the type locality? Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Katako-Kombe, Sankuru (TL).

Bebearia (Bebearia) fontaineana intersecta Hecq, 1990

Bebearia maximiana intersecta Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 35 (1-46). Bebearia fontaineana intersecta Hecq, 1990. Hecq, 1998: 145 comb. nov.

Type locality: Cameroon: Batouri district. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Batouri district (TL). Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010).

Bebearia (Bebearia) fontaineana vinula Hecq, 1987

Bebearia maximiana vinula Hecq, 1987. Lambillionea 87: 64 (62-64). Bebearia vinula Hecq, 1987. Hecq, 2000. Bebearia fontaineana vinula Hecq, 1987. Vande weghe, 2007 comb. nov. Type locality: Nigeria: “Calabar, Mkpot”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Mkpot (TL). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) liberti Hecq, 1998

Bebearia liberti Hecq, 1998. Lambillionea 98: 145 (142-152).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Mt Kupe, 1500-1600m, V.1995. M. Libert leg.” Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Mount Kupe (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) intermedia (Bartel, 1905)

Euryphene intermedia Bartel, 1905. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 143 (129-152).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Kamerun (Barombi-Station)”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL). Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. 74 Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) bioculata Hecq, 1998

Bebearia bioculata Hecq, 1998. Lambillionea 98: 148 (142-152).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroun, Deng Deng, II.1987, M. Libert leg.” Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Deng Deng (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) ata Hecq, 1990

Bebearia maximiana ata Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 35 (1-46). Bebearia ata Hecq, 1990. Hecq, 2000: 23. Bona sp.

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon, Equatorial Guinea. Specific localities: Gabon – Mboko Forest, Lope Nature Reserve; Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Mikongo (Vande weghe, 2010); Bitam (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010).

oremansi Hecq, 2004 (as sp. of Bebearia). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome I): 361 (359-361). Type locality: Gabon: “Réserve de la Lopé, forêt Mboko 27.X.1993, Ph. Oremans.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Synonymized with ata Hecq, 1990 by Vande weghe, 2009b.

eremita Hecq, 2006 (as sp. of Bebearia). Lambillionea 106 (2): 315 (314-318). Equatorial Guinea. Synonymized with Bebearia oremansi Hecq, 1994 by Vande weghe, 2007: 41.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) denticula Hecq, 2000

Bebearia denticula Hecq, 2000. In: Bauer & Frankenbach. Butterflies of the World, Part 9, Nymphalidae IV. Goeke & Evers, Keltern, Germany.

Bebearia denticula female (holotype) upperside Bebearia denticula female (holotype) underside

Type locality: Nigeria? Described from a single female. Type locality designated by Collins & Larsen, 2008: 84 as Bangui, Central African Republic. Known only from the female (Collins & Larsen, 2008). Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bangui (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) nivaria (Ward, 1871) Bicolour Forester

Bicolour Forester (Bebearia nivaria). Male. Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Euryphene nivaria Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 82 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122).

Bebearia nivaria nivaria. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camaroons”. 76 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Primary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rather uncommon species that comes to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is fast and it is a very wary insect (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) nivaria nivaria (Ward, 1871)

Euryphene nivaria Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 82 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122).

Bebearia nivaria nivaria. Female. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 18 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camaroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Kangwe (Holland, 1893); Ogove Valley (Holland, 1893); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010);. Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

suffumigata Holland, 1893 (as sp. of Euryphene). Canadian Entomologist 25: 2 (1-3). Gabon: “Kangwé, Ogové Valley”.

Bebearia (Bebearia) nivaria tenuimacula Berger, 1981

Bebearia nivaria tenuimacula Berger, 1981. Les Papillons du Zaire 149 (543 pp.). Bruxelles.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Eala (Equateur)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, Tshopo, north Kivu, Equateur, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Eala (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme,

77 2018).

Phantasia species-group

*Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasia (Hewitson, [1865]) Fantasia

Euryphene phantasia Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 44 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Recorded, in error, from west of the Dahomey Gap (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: A dicotyledonous creeper [Amiet, 2003].

Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasia phantasia (Hewitson, [1865])

Euryphene phantasia Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 44 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL); Okumo Nature Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a).

Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasia concolor Hecq, 1988

Bebearia phantasia concolor Hecq, 1988. Lambillionea 88: 84 (83-87).

Bebearia phantasia concolor. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 21 November 2017. J. Dobson. 78 Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Lolodorf”. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon, Angola (Mendes et al., 2018), Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Lolodorf (TL). Gabon – Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) leptotypa (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Euryphene leptotypa Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 473 (469-482). Bebearia phantasia leptotypa (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia leptotypa (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Hecq, 1990; Larsen, 2005a: 408.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Beni-Mawambe, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, north Kivu, Equateur, Kinshasa, Sankuru). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni-Mawambe (TL); Kassai (Talbot, 1928); Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Ituri Forest (d’Abrera, 1980); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

paraceres Talbot, 1928 (as female f. of Euryphene phantasia). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 231 (229-231). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congo, Kasai”.

kamitugensis Dufrane, 1945 (as f. of Euryphene phantasia). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kamituga”.

paraceres d’Abrera, 1980 (as ssp. of Euryphene phantasia). Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 306 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Democratic Republic of Congo: “from Zaire R. to Ituri forest and Kivu Province”.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasiella (Staudinger, 1891) Fantasiella

Euryphene phantasiella Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 114 (61-157).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasiella phantasiella (Staudinger, 1891)

79 Euryphene phantasiella Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 114 (61-157).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Okomu Nature Sanctuary (rare) (Larsen, 2005a); Omo (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasiella simulata (van Someren, 1939)

Euryphene phantasiella simulata van Someren, 1939. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 54 (15- 100).

Type locality: Uganda: “Katera”. Distribution: Uganda, Tanzania (western shores of Lake Victoria). Specific localities: Uganda – Katera (TL). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (1 200 m) (Kielland, 1990d).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasina (Staudinger, 1891) Western Fantasia

Euryphene phantasiella var? phantasina Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 114 (61-157). Bebearia phantasiella phantasina (Staudinger, 1891). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia phantasina (Staudinger, 1891). Hecq, 1990; Larsen, 2005a: 408.

Bebearia phantasina phantasina. Female (Wingspan 62 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Moutain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria. Habitat: Forest and dense secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). It feeds avidly on fermenting fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 80

Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasina phantasina (Staudinger, 1891)

Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Conakry (Larsen, 2005a); Mamou (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Okomu Nature Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Lagos area (Larsen, 2005a).

Bebearia (Bebearia) phantasina ultima Hecq, 1990

Bebearia ultima Hecq, 1990. Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 38 (1-46). Bebearia ultima Hecq, 1990. Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia phantsina ultima Hecq, 1990. Larsen, 2005a: 408, stat. rev.

Type locality: Senegal: “Basse Casamance”. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Guinea. Specific localities: Senegal – Basse Casamance (TL). Guinea – Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) maledicta (Strand, 1912) Maligned Forester

Euryphene maledicta Strand, 1912. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 117 (107-123).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Nlohe”. 81 Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (west), Cameroon, Congo. Specific localities: Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Mopri (Fox, 1968). Ghana – Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a; single specimen). Cameroon – Nlohe (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

condamini Fox, 1968 (as sp. of Najas [Euphaedra]). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 1243 (1236-1280). Ivory Coast: “Mopri, Côte d’Ivoire”.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) demetra (Godart, [1824]) Grey Forester

Nymphalis demetra Godart, [1824] in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 389 (1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]). Paris.

Type locality: “Afrique occidentale”. Probably Sierra Leone (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic. Habitat: Wet forests of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens are attracted by fermenting fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) demetra demetra (Godart, [1824])

Nymphalis demetra Godart, [1824] in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 389 (1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]). Paris.

Type locality: “Afrique occidentale”. Probably Sierra Leone (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Bossematie (Fermon, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Bia N.P. (Larsen, 2005a); Krokosua Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Omo Forest (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu Forest (Larsen, 2005a).

soemis Hewitson, 1864 in Hewitson, 1862-6 (as sp. of Euryphene). Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 41 (124 pp.). London. Ghana: “Ashanti”.

leonina Staudinger, 1891 (as sp. of Euryphene). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 116 (61-157). Sierra Leone; Ghana: “Goldküste”; Cameroon: “Barombi-Station”.

82 Bebearia (Bebearia) demetra obsolescens (Talbot, 1928)

Euryphene demetra obsolescens Talbot, 1928. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 230 (229-231).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons: Bitye, Ja River, wet season”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic (ABRI). Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje, Ja River (TL).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) tini Oremans, 1998

Bebearia tini Oremans, 1998. Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 37 (35-38).

Bebearia tini. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia tini. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 24 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: Lolo Valley. Described from the female only. Male first described by Oremans, 2008 and again (mistakenly) by Vande weghe, 2009b. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Lolo Valley (TL); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Cutteri species-group

*Bebearia (Bebearia) cutteri (Hewitson, [1865]) Cutter’s Forester

Ramalaeosoma [sic] cutteri Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 37 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia cutteri cognata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

84 Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Wet forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Scarce west of the Dahomey Gap but common in parts of Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). It tends to fly low down in tangled forest understorey but comes to fallen fruit in more open places. It is a very wary insect (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Hecq, 2002a [Taxonomy and forms].

Bebearia (Bebearia) cutteri cutteri (Hewitson, [1865])

Ramalaeosoma [sic] cutteri Hewitson, [1865] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 37 (124 pp.). London.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Old Calabar”. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana, Nigeria. Specific localities: Nigeria – Old Calabar (TL).

Bebearia (Bebearia) cutteri camiadei Hecq, 2002

Bebearia cutteri camiadei Hecq, 2002. Lambillionea 102 (2): 205 (202-206).

Type locality: Central African Republic. Distribution: Central African Republic.

Bebearia (Bebearia) cutteri cognata (Grünberg, 1910)

Euryphene cognata Grünberg, 1910. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 472 (469-480).

Bebearia cutteri cognata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bibundi, Kamerun”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bibundi (TL). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010).

fasciata Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as f. of Euryphene cutteri). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 179 (614 pp.). Cameroon: “Cameroons”.

Bebearia (Bebearia) cutteri cuypersi Hecq, 2002

Bebearia cutteri cuypersi Hecq, 2002. Lambillionea 102 (2): 205 (202-206).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo.

Bebearia (Bebearia) cutteri harleyi (Fox, 1968)

Euphaedra cutteri harleyi Fox, 1968. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 1248 (1236-1280).

Bebearia cutteri harleyi. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nimba, Liberia. 6 January 2014. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Liberia: “Wanau Forest”. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia. Specific localities: Liberia – Wanau Forest (TL); Wonegizi (Safian et al., 2020).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) makala (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Euryphene makala Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 473 (469-482). 86

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Bebearia (Bebearia) makala makala (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Euryphene makala Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 473 (469-482).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (north and east). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Semuliki Valley (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018).

Bebearia (Bebearia) makala bosmansi Hecq, 1989

Bebearia makala bosmansi Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 105 (104-107).

Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) chloeropis (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Euryphene chloeropis Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 474 (469-482).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Ituri, north Kivu, Equateur, Sankuru), Uganda (Bwamba Valley, Toro). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018); Mt Mitumba (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) raeveli Hecq, 1989

Bebearia raeveli Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 105 (104-107).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “R.C.A. (Colline de Bangui)”. First description of male by Hecq, 1994 (Lambillionea 94: 22). Distribution: Cameroon (south-east), Gabon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Gabon – camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010).

87 Central African Republic – Colline de Bangui (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) braytoni (Sharpe, 1907)

Euryphene braytoni Sharpe, 1907. Entomologist 40: 155 (155-156).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Ituri Forest, Congo Free State, between Iruma- Mawambi-Beni, elevation between 2950-2100 ft”. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Beni-Irumu region). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (TL); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) eliensis (Hewitson, [1866]) Pinkish Forester

Euryphene eliensis Hewitson,[ 1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 52 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia eliensis eliensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 20 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. [male only.] Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Wetter forests of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). The pinkish underside coloration is very obvious when they are settled on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

88 Bebearia (Bebearia) eliensis eliensis (Hewitson, [1866])

Euryphene eliensis Hewitson,[ 1866] in Hewitson, [1862-6]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 52 (124 pp.). London.

Bebearia eliensis eliensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 20 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “Gaboon”. [male only.] Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cataractes, Equateur). Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Mpivie River (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998).

Bebearia (Bebearia) eliensis scrutata Hecq, 1989

Bebearia scrutata Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 107 (104-107). Bebearia eliensis scrutata Hecq, 1989. Hecq (date?).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Calabar, Okarara”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okarara, Oban Hills (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Ali (Schultze, 1920); Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

scintillans Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euryphene eliensis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 737 (639-829). Cameroon: “Ali im Crossflussgebiet (Nordwest-Kamerun)”.

Bebearia (Bebearia) eliensis unita (Capronnier, 1889)

Evena ceres var. unita Capronnier, 1889. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 1889: 124 (118-127). Bebearia unita (Capronnier, 1889). Ackery et al., 1995. Bebearia eliensis unita (Capronnier, 1889). Larsen, 2005a: 412.

89 Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Lopori Shoven”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central basin). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lopori Shoven (TL); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) luteola (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Euryphene luteola Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 474 (469-482).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala-Beni; Ituri Forest, Mawamba-Makala”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Lualaba). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala-Beni (TL); Mawamba-Makala (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) picturata Hecq, 1989

Bebearia picturata Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 106 (104-107).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Lulonga (Luluabourg, auj. Kananga)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Lulonga (TL); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) ashantina (Dudgeon, 1913) Ashanti Forester

Euryphene ashantina Dudgeon, 1913. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 49: 204 (204-205).

Type locality: Ghana: “Ashanti”; “Gold Coast”. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Collins et al., 2003), Ghana. Records from Nigeria are in error (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020); Massadou (Safian et al., 2020); Dopamai (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Putu Mtns (Safian et al., 2020); Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Alepe in eastern Ivory Coast, on the Comoe River (Collins et al., 2003); Banco (H. Warren- Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a); Azagny (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a); Tai National Park (A. Plowes, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Ashanti (TL); Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Kakum, Big Tree (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce and localized species that comes to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) equatorialis Hecq, 1989 Equatorial Forester

Bebearia ashantina equatorialis Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 111 (111-114). Bebearia equatorialis Hecq, 1989. Hecq, 2000: 314.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Mbandaka”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mbandaka (TL). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) jolyana Hecq, 1989

Bebearia jolyana Hecq, 1989. Lambillionea 89: 112 (111-114).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Moloundou”. Distribution: Cameroon (south-east). Specific localities: Cameroon – Moloundou (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Larsen (2005a: 411) thinks that this taxon may simply be an aberration of Bebearia cutteri (Hewitson, 1865).

*Bebearia (Bebearia) innocua (Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1889]) Innocuous Forester

Euryphene innocua Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1889] in Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1887-92]. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: 1 (183 pp.). London.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Omo (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce butterfly, which comes to fallen fruit. It is extremely wary and disappears into the undergrowth at the least disturbance (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) chilonis (Hewitson, [1874]) Tortoise Forester

Euryphene chilonis Hewitson, [1874] in Hewitson, [1872-7]. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 5: 42 (127 pp.). London.

Type locality: Gabon: “West Africa (Gaboon)”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi). Specific localities: Cameroon – Pangwe district (Schultze, 1920). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010); Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

albicosta Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euryphene chilonis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 739 (639-829). Cameroon: “Pangwe-Gebiet (Süd-Kamerun)”.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) faraveli Oremans, 1998

Bebearia faraveli Oremans, 1998. Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 35 (35-38).

Type locality: Gabon: Lolo Valley. Female described by Hecq, 2000: 33. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Lolo Valley, Crystal Mountains (TL); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) baueri Hecq, 2000

Bebearia baueri male, Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Bebearia baueri Hecq, 2000. Ref.?

Type locality: Gabon: Lolo River. Holotype (male) 1998, leg. G. Faravel, in the MRAC. Female first described from Gabon by Oremans, 2008. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon, Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Lolo River (TL); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). 92 Congo – Mayombe, Dimonika (Hecq, 2000). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) barombina (Staudinger, 1896) Large Green Forester

Euryphene barombina Staudinger, 1896. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 8: 372 (366-379).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Barombi Station”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (south-west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi Station (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Crystal Mountains (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce and wary butterfly, with a powerful flight (Larsen, 2005a). Individuals come to feed on fallen fruit and Larsen (2005a) once observed a female feeding on honeydew falling onto the ground from homoptera feeding in the forest canopy. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) descarpentriesi (Fox, 1968)

Euphaedra descarpentriesi Fox, 1968. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 1246 (1236-1280).

Type locality: Congo: “Mbila [monts du Chaillu]”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Congo – Mount Chaillu (TL). Habitat: Habits: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) octogramma (Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1889]) Green-spotted Forester

Euphaedra octogramma Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1889] in Grose-Smith & Kirby, [1887-92]. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: 1 (183 pp.). London.

Bebearia octogramma. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); near Ikom (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Mount Phoebe (Hecq, 1989). Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Wet primary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A rare butterfly, which flies powerfully along forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). It spends most of the time in the forest undergrowth and is wary, even when feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 2003 [larva and pupa].

Larval food: An unidentified dicotyledonous tree [Amiet, 2003].

aputida Hecq, 1989 (as ssp. of Bebearia octogramma). Lambillionea 89: 113 (111-114). Cameroon: “Mt. Phoebe”. Synonymized with Bebearia octogramma (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1889) by Hecq (1990).

No species-group assigned yet

*Bebearia (Bebearia) omo Larsen & Warren, 2005 Omo Forester

Bebearia omo Larsen & Warren, 2005. In: Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 553.

Bebearia omo. Left – male composite (Nigeria). Right – female (holotype) composite (Nigeria). Images courtesy Torben Larsen.

Type locality: Nigeria: “Ogun State, Omo Forest.” Holotype (female) February, 2002 (R. Warren leg., in coll. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Distribution: Nigeria (west), Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Omo Forest, Ogun State (TL). Cameroon – Ebogo (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An apparently rare species (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens were noted on the main logging trails in the Omo Forest, feeding from the fallen fruits of umbrella trees (Musanga species). Males are wary and are easily disturbed, the females less so (Warren, vide Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) warrengashi Hecq, 2000 Warren-Gash’s Forester

Bebearia warren-gashi Hecq, 2000. Lambillionea 100: 531 (531-532).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Côte d’Ivoire, forêt d’Azagny, 19.VIII.2000, leg Warren-Gash.” Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. First description of female by Hecq, 2001 (Lambillionea 101 (1): 78). Distribution: Ivory Coast. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Azagny Forest (TL). Known only from the type locality. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia (Bebearia) inepta Hecq, 2001 Plowes’ Forester

Bebearia inepta Hecq, 2001. Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 77 (77).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Danane”. Male first described by Safian et al., 2019. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Safian et al., 2019). 95 Specific localities: Sierra Leone – Corridor between Gola Rainforest N.P and the Liberian border (Safian et al., 2019). Liberia – Gola Forest N.P. (Safian et al., 2019); Gola National Forest (Safian et al., 2019); Mount Swa, Nimba County (Safian et al., 2019). Ivory Coast – Danane (TL; M. Auberger); Tai N.P. (Plowes family, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Lowland forest and old secondary forest (Safian et al., 2019). Habits: A very rare species, known only from four females (Larsen, 2005a) until the male was described by Safian et al. in 2019. Males hilltop, from 14h:30 to 15h:30, perching from 4 to 6 metres above the ground. Both sexes come to fermenting fruit (Safian et al., 2019). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Other species of Bebearia (must still be assigned to subgenera).

*Bebearia artemis Hecq, 2007

Bebearia artemis Hecq, 2007. Lambillionea 107 (4) (Tome II): 628 (627-630).

Type locality: Congo: “”. Distribution: Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia bena Vande weghe, 2009

Bebearia bena Vande weghe, 2009. Entomologia Africana 14 (2) (Supplement): 10 (1-24).

Bebearia bena. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 26 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Congo: “”. Distribution: Congo, Gabon. Specific localities: Congo –

96 Habitat: Habits: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia bouyeri Vande weghe, 2007

Bebearia bouyeri male. Ipassa, Gabon. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Bebearia bouyeri Vande weghe, 2007. Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 40 (35-43).

Bebearia bouyeri. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Cameroon: “” Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010), Ipassa (Dobson & Schutte, 2016, unpublished). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia brazzai Hecq, 2007

Bebearia brazzai Hecq, 2007. Lambillionea 107 (4) (Tome II): 628 (627-630).

Type locality: Congo: “”. Distribution: Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia castanea (Holland, 1893)

Euryphene castanea Holland, 1893. Canadian Entomologist 25: 1 (1-3).

Type locality: Gabon: “Kangwé, Ogové Valley”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kangwe, Ogove Valley (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia clotho Hecq, 2007

Bebearia clotho Hecq, 2007. Lambillionea 107 (4) (Tome II): 630 (627-630).

Type locality: Ghana: “”. Distribution: Ghana. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia crepuscularia Hecq, 2007

Bebearia crepuscularia Hecq, 2007. Lambillionea 107 (4) (Tome II): 630 (627-630).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “”. Distribution: Central African Republic. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia dargei Oremans, 2008

Bebearia dargei Oremans, 2008. Saturnafrica 2: 2 (2).

Type locality: Congo: “”. Distribution: Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

98 *Bebearia ducalis (Grünberg, 1911)

Euryphene ducalis Grünberg, 1911. Wissenschaftliche Ergibnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1907-1908. 3 (17): 534 (506-560), 4 pls. Leipzig.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Westl. v. Ruwenzori, NW Beni (Urwald)”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL). Habitat: Forest (Grünberg, 1911). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Of doubtful status (Ackery et al., 1995: 419).

*Bebearia ivindoensis Vande weghe, 2007

Bebearia ivindoensis Vande weghe, 2007. Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 36 (35-43).

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia lopeensis Vande weghe, 2007

Bebearia lopeensis Vande weghe, 2007. Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 37 (35-43).

Type locality: Gabon: North part of Lope National Park. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Lope N.P. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia pseudovesta Vande weghe, 2009

Bebearia pseudovesta Vande weghe, 2009. Entomologia Africana 14 (2) (Supplement): 16 (1-24).

Bebearia pseudovesta. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 26 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia close to pseudovesta. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 2 December 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Bebearia pseudovesta. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 21 November 2017. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Mpivie River (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (Vande weghe, 100 2010); Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Kongou (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Habits: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia pulchella Hecq, 2006

Bebearia pulchella Hecq, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 315 (314-318).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “?”. Distribution: Central African Republic. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia romboutsi Hecq, 2001

Bebearia romboutsi Hecq, 2001. Lambillionea 101 (2) (Tome I): 227 (227).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Vaku/Kangu”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Vaku/Kangu (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia vandeweghei Hecq, 2005

Bebearia vandeweghei Hecq, 2005. Lambillionea 105 (4) (Tome II): 630-632.

Bebearia vandeweghei. Male. Left – upperside; right- underside. Ipassa, Gabon. 17 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

101

Bebearia vandeweghei. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 16 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: ? Holotype designated by Hecq, 2006: 117. Distribution: Gabon, Central African Republic. Specific localities: Gabon – Langoue (Vande weghe, 2010); Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Odzala N.P. (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Bebearia waka Vande weghe, 2009

Bebearia waka Vande weghe, 2009. Entomologia Africana 14 (2) (Supplement): 15 (1-24).

Bebearia waka. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ipassa, Ivindo N.P., Gabon. 19 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Gabon: “”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Habits:

102 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

103