Butterfly Species Abundances by Site
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119 Genus Amauris Huebner
AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Genus Amauris Hübner, [1816] In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 14 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio niavius Linnaeus, by subsequent designation (Scudder, 1875. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 108 (91-293).). The genus Amauris belongs to the Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815; Subfamily Danainae Boisduval, 1833; Tribe Danaini Boisduval, 1833; Subtribe Amaurina Le Cerf, 1922. Amauris is the only Afrotropical genus in the Subtribe Amaurina. Amauris is an exclusively Afrotropical genus containing 16 species. Relevant literature: De Vries, 2002 [Differential wing toughness with other taxa]. Amauris species. Final instar larva. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte Amauris species. Pupa. 1 Image courtesy Raimund Schutte Subgenus Amauris Hübner, [1816] In: Hübner, [1816-26]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 14 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio niavius Linnaeus, by subsequent designation (Scudder, 1875. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 108 (91-293).). *Amauris (Amauris) niavius (Linnaeus, 1758)# Friar Male of the Friar Butterfly (Amauris niavius) at Lake Sibaya, Zululand. Image courtesy Steve Woodhall. Papilio niavius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae 1, Regnum Animale, 10th edition: 470 (824 pp.). Holmiae. Amauris (Amauris) niavius (Linnaeus, 1758). Pringle et al., 1994: 48. Amauris niavius niavius. Male (Wingspan 75 mm). Left -
2021 US Dollars Butterfly Pupae to the Butterfly Keeper January 2021 2021 Butterfly Pupae Supplies
2021 US Dollars Butterfly Pupae To the Butterfly Keeper January 2021 2021 Butterfly Pupae Supplies Happy New Year, thank you for downloading our 2021 US$ pupae price list and forms. Last year was a challenge for everyone and the damage caused by the pandemic to the Butterfly trade was considerable. Many facilities were forced to close their doors to the public and therefore received no income. We ourselves had to shut for seven months out of twelve and as I write in January there is no sign of us being allowed to open in the next two months at least. This hardship has been multiplied in the situation of our suppliers as they have no government support. IABES did manage to get some financial support to them during the first extensive lockdown but spread over many breeders it could not replace the income they get from their pupae. Along with problems here and at source the airline industry is really struggling and getting what pupae we can use, onto a suitable flight has caused us many a sleepless night telephoning Asia at one extreme and South America at the other. However, we trust that we will come out of this global problem and be able revert to normal sometime during the spring. We still guarantee that all our pupae conform to all international standards and comply with all current legislation. We have a system in place that gets pupae to US houses in an efficient manner. We have had a very small price increase this year mainly because of increased airfreight costs. -
Species Composition and Diversity of Insects of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve in Ghana
Open Journal of Ecology, 2014, 4, 1061-1079 Published Online December 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.417087 Species Composition and Diversity of Insects of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve in Ghana Rosina Kyerematen1,2*, Erasmus Henaku Owusu1, Daniel Acquah-Lamptey1, Roger Sigismund Anderson2, Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu1,3 1Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana 2African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana 3Centre for African Wetlands, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana Email: *[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 6 September 2014; revised 9 November 2014; accepted 21 November 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve, the only one in Ghana, was established to promote scientific re- search, particularly on how nature revitalizes itself after major disasters, and also to check the southward drift of the savannah grassland. This study presents the first comprehensive inventory of species composition and diversity of insects of the Reserve. Insects were surveyed between September 2011 and June 2012 to capture the end of the rainy season, the dry season and the peak of the wet season. Samples were taken from two sites within the Reserve, Dagomba and Oku using various sampling techniques including pitfall traps, malaise traps and sweep nets. Insect com- munities were characterized in terms of, 1) species richness estimators, 2) species richness, 3) Shannon-Weiner Index of Diversity, 4) Pielou’s evenness and 5) Bray-Curtis similarity. -
Phylogenetic Relationships and Historical Biogeography of Tribes and Genera in the Subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBIJBiological Journal of the Linnean Society 0024-4066The Linnean Society of London, 2005? 2005 862 227251 Original Article PHYLOGENY OF NYMPHALINAE N. WAHLBERG ET AL Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 86, 227–251. With 5 figures . Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) NIKLAS WAHLBERG1*, ANDREW V. Z. BROWER2 and SÖREN NYLIN1 1Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331–2907, USA Received 10 January 2004; accepted for publication 12 November 2004 We infer for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of genera and tribes in the ecologically and evolutionarily well-studied subfamily Nymphalinae using DNA sequence data from three genes: 1450 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) (in the mitochondrial genome), 1077 bp of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-a) and 400–403 bp of wing- less (both in the nuclear genome). We explore the influence of each gene region on the support given to each node of the most parsimonious tree derived from a combined analysis of all three genes using Partitioned Bremer Support. We also explore the influence of assuming equal weights for all characters in the combined analysis by investigating the stability of clades to different transition/transversion weighting schemes. We find many strongly supported and stable clades in the Nymphalinae. We are also able to identify ‘rogue’ -
And Ford, I; Ford, '953) on the Other Hand Have Put Forward a View Intermediate Between the Extreme Ones of Darwin on the One Hand and Goldschmidt on the Other
THE EVOLUTION OF MIMICRY IN THE BUTTERFLY PAPILIO DARDANUS C. A. CLARKE and P. M. SHEPPARD Departments of Medicine and Zoology, University of Liverpool Received23.V.59 1.INTRODUCTION WHENBatesputforward the mimicry hypothesis which bears his name, Darwin (1872), although accepting it, had some difficulty in explaining the evolution of the mimetic resemblance of several distinct species to one distasteful model by a series of small changes, a require- ment of his general theory of evolution. He said "it is necessary to suppose in some cases that ancient members belonging to several distinct groups, before they had diverged to their present extent, accidentally resembled a member of another and protected group in a sufficient degree to afford some slight protection; this having given the basis for the subsequent acquisition of the most perfect resemb- lance ". Punnett (1915) realised that the difficulty is even more acute when one is dealing with a polymorphic species whose forms mimic very distantly related models. Knowing that, in those butterflies which had been investigated genetically, the forms differed by single allelomorphs he concluded that the mimicry did not evolve gradually and did not confer any advantage or disadvantage to the individual. He argued that an allelomorph arises at a single step by mutation and that therefore the mimicry also arises by chance at a single step. Goldschmidt (x) although not denying that mimicry confers some advantage to its possessors also maintained that the resemblance arises fully perfected by a single mutation of a gene distinct from that producing the colour pattern in the model, but producing a similar effect in the mimic. -
Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest. -
Tropical Phenology: Bi-Annual Rhythms and Interannual Variation in an Afrotropical Butterfly Assemblage 1, 2 3 4 ANU VALTONEN, FREERK MOLLEMAN, COLIN A
Tropical phenology: bi-annual rhythms and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblage 1, 2 3 4 ANU VALTONEN, FREERK MOLLEMAN, COLIN A. CHAPMAN, JAMES R. CAREY, 5 1 MATTHEW P. AYRES, AND HEIKKI ROININEN 1Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80101 Finland 2Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu EE-51014 Estonia 3Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada 4Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA 5Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA Citation: Valtonen, A., F. Molleman, C. A. Chapman, J. R. Carey, M. P. Ayres, and H. Roininen. 2013. Tropical phenology: bi-annual rhythms and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblage. Ecosphere 4(3):36. http://dx.doi. org/10.1890/ES12-00338.1 Abstract. Temporal variation and phenology of tropical insect communities and the role of environmental factors controlling this variation is poorly understood. A better understanding is needed, for example, to predict the effects of climate change on tropical insect communities and to assess the long- term persistence of tropical communities. We studied seasonal and inter-annual variation in tropical fruit- feeding butterflies by exploiting a unique 137-month abundance time series of .100 species, sampled at 22 locations in the medium altitude montane rain forest of Kibale National Park, western Uganda. Precipitation peaked twice per year, about 20 d after each equinox. Vegetation greenness peaked approximately 33 d later. Species richness and abundance of butterflies peaked about 2 and 3 months, respectively, after the greenness peak. -
577-580 Portada Y Org. Rector
SHILAP Revta. lepid., 47 (188) diciembre 2019: 581-591 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Description of previously unknown females of three Euriphene Boisduval, 1847 species and the unknown male of Bebearia inepta Hecq, 2001 from Western Africa, with notes on their taxonomy, bionomy and distribution (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae) Sz. Sáfián, S. C. Collins, C. Belcastro, O. Brattström & R. Tropek Abstract During extensive field research of fruit-feeding Lepidoptera in various West African forests, we have collected a rich material of several rare or poorly known species. Among them we identified four species, where only one of the sexes was described. Here, we describe unknown females of Euriphene lomaensis Belcastro, 1986, E. taigola Sáfián & Warren-Gash, 2009 and E. bernaudi Hecq, 1994 with reference to the latter species’ taxonomic position (stat. rev.). We also describe the male of Bebearia inepta Hecq, 2001. We report observations on their habitats and behaviour and review their known distribution. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, tropical rainforest, Cameroon, Liberia, Nigeria, West Africa. Descripción de las hembras de tres especies, antes desconocidas, de Euriphene Boisduval, 1847 y del macho desconocido de Bebearia inepta Hecq, 2001 de África Occidental, con notas sobre su bionomía y distribución (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae) Resumen Durante una extensa investigación de campo sobre los Lepidoptera que se alimentan de fruta en varios bosques húmedos tropicales de África occidental, hemos recogido un rico material de especies raras o escasamente conocidas. Entre otras, identificamos cuatro especies, donde solamente uno de los sexos estaba descrito. Aquí, describimos las desconocidas hembras de Euriphene lomaensis Belcastro, 1986, E. -
A Time-Calibrated Phylogeny of the Butterfly Tribe Melitaeini
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title A time-calibrated phylogeny of the butterfly tribe Melitaeini. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h20r22z Journal Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 79(1) ISSN 1055-7903 Authors Long, Elizabeth C Thomson, Robert C Shapiro, Arthur M Publication Date 2014-10-01 DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.010 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 69–81 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A time-calibrated phylogeny of the butterfly tribe Melitaeini ⇑ Elizabeth C. Long a, , Robert C. Thomson b, Arthur M. Shapiro a a Center for Population Biology and Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA b Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA article info abstract Article history: The butterfly tribe Melitaeini [Nymphalidae] contains numerous species that have been the subjects of a Received 10 March 2014 wide range of biological studies. Despite numerous taxonomic revisions, many of the evolutionary Revised 22 May 2014 relationships within the tribe remain unresolved. Utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions, we Accepted 11 June 2014 produced a time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis for 222 exemplars comprising at least 178 different Available online 18 June 2014 species and 21 of the 22 described genera, making this the most complete phylogeny of the tribe to date. Our results suggest that four well-supported clades corresponding to the subtribes Euphydryina, Keywords: Chlosynina, Melitaeina, and Phyciodina exist within the tribe. -
142 Genus Palla Huebner
14th edition (2015). Genus Palla Hübner, 1819 In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 47 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio decius Cramer, by monotypy. = Philognoma Doubleday, 1844. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 1: 112 (150 pp.). London.). Type-species: Papilio decius Cramer, by subsequent designation (Hemming, 1943. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 12: 29 (23-30).). Palla ussheri interposita. Image courtesy of Jeremy Dobson. An Afrotropical genus containing four species. The larvae and pupae resemble those of the Neotropical genus Prepona Boisduval, 1836 (Schultze, 1920). In West Africa all four species may be found sympatrically in some localities and are impossible to tell apart on the wing (Larsen, 2005a). *Palla publius Staudinger, 1892 Andromorph Palla Palla publius Staudinger, 1892. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 5: 267 (264-268). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania. Habitat: Primary lowland evergreen forest. In Tanzania subspecies kigoma is found at altitudes of 800 to 950 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Specimens are often found settling on exposed leaves (Kielland, 1990d) and males are occasionally seen mudpuddling (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Palla publius publius Staudinger, 1892 1 Palla publius Staudinger, 1892. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 5: 267 (264-268). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (south and Cross River loop). Specific localities: Ghana – Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). rectifascia Weymer, 1892 (as sp. -
AGIDE Final Report
COMPTE RENDU FINAL D’EXECUTION DE PROJET I. INFORMATIONS DE BASE Nom de l’organisation : Association pour la Gestion Intégrée et Durable de l'Environnement (AGIDE) Adresses Siège social : Tsévié, Préfecture de Zio, Région maritime, TOGO B.P. 149 Tsévié – TOGO Cel. :(00228) 909 05 84 E-mail : [email protected] Antennes : Kpalimé, Préfecture de Kloto, Région des plateaux E-mail : [email protected] Titre du projet : Inventory of Butterflies in the Missahoe Classified Forest in Togo, Upper Guinea Forest II. REMARQUES PRÉALABLES 1 – Présentation sommaire du Togo Situé dans la sous région Ouest africaine, le Togo est un petit pays effilé coincé entre le Bénin à l’Est et le Ghana à l’Ouest. Il est limité au Nord par le Burkina Faso et au Sud par le Golfe de Guinée. Sa superficie est de 56 600 km2. La population est de 4 500 000 habitants avec une densité moyenne de 25 habitants / Km2. La proportion de la femme est de 62%. La zone guinéenne du Togo qui comprend les régions Maritimes et des Plateaux compte 76,6% de pauvre dont 65,5% extrêmement pauvre1. Sur le plan économique, l’évolution du PIB par habitant du Togo en général a progressivement baissé depuis les années 1997 à la suite de la situation socio politique du pays, jointe aux problèmes climatiques qui ont eu des impacts négatifs sur la flore, la faune et la production agricole2. En vue de freiner la pression anthropique sur les ressources naturelles et réduire la pauvreté des populations tributaires des ressources animales et végétales, les divers programme de développement3 proposent dans leur plan d’action, le développement des activités génératrices de revenus afin d’orienter les activités de ces exploitants. -
An Account of the Butterflies of the Genus Charaxes in the Collection of the British Museum
318 DR. A. 0. BUTLER ON THE EXPLdNATION OP THE PLATES, PIATEXV. Figs. 1, 3, 5. Hypolimnas misippus, 2 (3 forms). Pig. 2. Danais chrysippus. 4. ,, dorippus. 6. I, alc@pus. PLATEXVI. Pig. 1. Eiiplna Hopfferi. Fig. 2. Hypolininas po!z/nieiia. 4. ,, p,yr.q:Vion,d. 3. ,1 sco~l"s,8. 6. ,, I, 2, 6. 3, 9, $2 , PLATFJXVII. Pig. 2. Euplcea polgmena. Fig. 1. Hypolimicas, sp. 4. Amauris doo?~iinicantcs. 3. ,( mnrginnlis. 6. ,, egialea. 5. ,, ddia. An Account of the Butterflies of the Genus Charaxes in the Collection of the British Museum. By ARTHURG. BUTLER, Ph.D., &c., Senior Assiutant-Keeper, Zoological Department. [Read 7th November, 1895.1 ONE of the first genera which 1 ever otudieil, and the Erst which I monographed, was the geiius Charaxes, a paper ou which I published in 1865 in the ' Proceedings ot the Zoological Society,' in which I recorded sixty-eight species (two of which, however, were noted as doubtful and ere subsequently suppremed) : the present paper enumerates no fewer than one hundred and fifty- nine. I have followed Prof. Aurivillius in uuiting Palla to Cliaraxes : if kept separate, it would have to be broken up into several geucra, and Charaxes ithelf would in like inanuer have to be sub- divided ; tliis, indeed, has been done for the Iiidian species by Mr. Moore ; but apart from outline of wing 1have been unable to discover any constant structural characters ou which to base these genera. That wing-outline in Charaxes is not of generic im- portance seems clear, from the fact that (i.) in iuany of the species it differs to an extraordinary degree in the sezes ; (ii.) the most nearly related species (as, for instance, C.