Homing in the Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys Scripta Elegans) in Illinois Authors: John K
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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
English and French Cop17 Inf
Original language: English and French CoP17 Inf. 36 (English and French only / Únicamente en inglés y francés / Seulement en anglais et français) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 JOINT STATEMENT REGARDING MADAGASCAR’S PLOUGHSHARE / ANGONOKA TORTOISE 1. This document has been submitted by the United States of America at the request of the Wildlife Conservation Society, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Turtle Survival Alliance, and The Turtle Conservancy, in relation to agenda item 73 on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.)*. 2. This species is restricted to a limited range in northwestern Madagascar. It has been included in CITES Appendix I since 1975 and has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 2008. There has been a significant increase in the level of illegal collection and trafficking of this species to supply the high end pet trade over the last 5 years. 3. Attached please find the joint statement regarding Madagascar’s Ploughshare/Angonoka Tortoise, which is considered directly relevant to Document CoP17 Doc. 73 on tortoises and freshwater turtles. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. -
Manual for the Differentiation of Captive-Produced and Wild-Caught Turtles and Tortoises (Testudines)
Image: Peter Paul van Dijk Image:Henrik Bringsøe Image: Henrik Bringsøe Image: Andrei Daniel Mihalca Image: Beate Pfau MANUAL F O R T H E DIFFERENTIATION OF CAPTIVE-PRODUCED AND WILD-CAUGHT TURTLES AND TORTOISES (TESTUDINES) PREPARED BY SPECIES360 UNDER CONTRACT FOR THE CITES SECRETARIAT Manual for the differentiation of captive-produced and wild-caught turtles and tortoises (Testudines) This document was prepared by Species360 under contract for the CITES Secretariat. Principal Investigators: Prof. Dalia A. Conde, Ph.D. and Johanna Staerk, Ph.D., Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, https://www.species360.orG Authors: Johanna Staerk1,2, A. Rita da Silva1,2, Lionel Jouvet 1,2, Peter Paul van Dijk3,4,5, Beate Pfau5, Ioanna Alexiadou1,2 and Dalia A. Conde 1,2 Affiliations: 1 Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, www.species360.orG,2 Center on Population Dynamics (CPop), Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, 3 The Turtle Conservancy, www.turtleconservancy.orG , 4 Global Wildlife Conservation, globalwildlife.orG , 5 IUCN SSC Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, www.iucn-tftsG.org. 6 Deutsche Gesellschaft für HerpetoloGie und Terrarienkunde (DGHT) Images (title page): First row, left: Mixed species shipment (imaGe taken by Peter Paul van Dijk) First row, riGht: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with damaGe of the plastron (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, left: Wild Testudo marginata from Greece with minor damaGe of the carapace (imaGe taken by Henrik BrinGsøe) Second row, middle: Ticks on tortoise shell (Amblyomma sp. in Geochelone pardalis) (imaGe taken by Andrei Daniel Mihalca) Second row, riGht: Testudo graeca with doG bite marks (imaGe taken by Beate Pfau) Acknowledgements: The development of this manual would not have been possible without the help, support and guidance of many people. -
The Conservation Biology of Tortoises
The Conservation Biology of Tortoises Edited by Ian R. Swingland and Michael W. Klemens IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) No. 5 IUCN—The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC 3. To cooperate with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the in developing and evaluating a data base on the status of and trade in wild scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biological flora and fauna, and to provide policy guidance to WCMC. diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species of 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their con- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna servation, and for the management of other species of conservation concern. and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, sub- vation of species or biological diversity. species, and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintain- 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: ing biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and vulnerable species. • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of biological diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conserva- tion Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitor- 1. -
Golder Associates (No Case Number)-OCR Part2.Pdf
ECOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT - EMP FOR THE SW KAROO BASIN GAS EXPLORATION APPLICATION PROJECT 4.1.2 Biomes Biomes can be defined as the major communities of the world, classified according to their predominant vegetation and characterised by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment. The single most important factor inftuencing the biomes in South Africa is the weather and, more specifically, the rainfall (Low and Rebelo, 1998). Important factors to be taken into account with regard to the weather and its influence on the biomes of South Africa are: • The western parts of the country are much drier than the east; • Rainfall occurs in winter in the west, but in summer in most other regions; and • Temperatures in the mountains and on the Highveld are more extreme than along the coast. These different climatic zones give rise to different vegetation communities which result in the biomes of South Africa. These biomes range from the Forest biome, in the wetter eastern parts of the country, through the Grassland and Thicket biomes, in the higher and lower lyi ng temperate areas, to the succulent Karoo and Desert biomes in th e drier western parts of the country. It should however be noted that there is considerable overlap vegetation types within the different vegetation communities. The Western precinct coincides with three biomes namely (Figure 3): • Nama-Karoo; • Succulent Karoo; and • Fynbos (more specifically Renosterveld Fynbos) The vegetation biomes are described briefty below and in more detail in Appendix A. 4.1.2.1 Nama-Karoo The Nama Karoo Biome occurs on the central plateau of the western half of South Africa, at altitudes between 500 and 2000m, with most of the biome failing between 1000 and 1400m. -
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Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Volume 14, Issue 1 (2020) 7–16 BOJAAS Research Article Comparative nutritive value of an invasive exotic plant species, Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa, and five indigenous plant species commonly browsed by small stock in the BORAVAST area, south-western Botswana M. K. Ditlhogo1, M. P Setshogo1,* and G. Mosweunyane2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone, Botswana. 2Geoflux Consulting Company, P.O. Box 2403, Gaborone, Botswana. ARTICLE INFORMATION ________________________ Keywords Abstract: Nutritive value of an invasive exotic plant species, Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa, and five indigenous plant species Nutritive value commonly browsed by livestock in Bokspits, Rapplespan, Vaalhoek and Prosopis glandulosa Struizendam (BORAVAST), southwest Botswana, was determined and BORAVAST compared. These five indigenous plant species were Vachellia Indigenous plant species hebeclada (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr. subsp. hebeclada, Vachellia erioloba (E. Mey.) P.J.H. Hurter, Senegalia mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger Article History: subsp. detinens (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Submission date: 25 Jun. 2019 Gilg & Gilg-Ben. var. albitrunca and Rhigozum trichotomum Burch. Revised: 14 Jan. 2020 The levels of Crude Protein (CP), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (C), Accepted: 16 Jan. 2020 Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) were determined for Available online: 04 Apr. 2020 the plant’s foliage and pods (where available). All plant species had a https://bojaas.buan.ac.bw CP value higher than the recommended daily intake. There are however multiple mineral deficiencies in the plant species analysed. Nutritive Corresponding Author: value of Prosopis glandulosa is comparable to those other species despite the perception that livestock that browse on it are more Moffat P. -
Delimitation of Malagasy Tribe Coleeae and Implications for Fruit Evolution in Bignoniaceae Inferred from a Chloroplast DNA Phylogeny
Plant Syst. Evol. 245: 55–67 (2004) DOI 10.1007/s00606-003-0025-y Delimitation of Malagasy tribe Coleeae and implications for fruit evolution in Bignoniaceae inferred from a chloroplast DNA phylogeny M. L. Zjhra1, K. J. Sytsma2, and R. G. Olmstead3 1Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA 2Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 3Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Received February 2, 2003; accepted April 23, 2003 Published online: February 23, 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract. Coleeae (Bignoniaceae) are a tribe almost the Gondwanan continent, Madagascar was entirely restricted to Madagascar. Coleeae have attached to Africa at present day Somalia, previously been placed in neotropical Crescentieae Kenya and Tanzania until 165 mya (Rabino- due to species with indehiscent fruits, a character witz et al. 1982, 1983). Madagascar was otherwise unusual in Bignoniaceae. A phylogeny completely separated from Africa by ndh trn based on three chloroplast regions ( F, T-L 120 mya (Rabinowitz et al. 1983), but spacer, trnL-F spacer) identifies a monophyletic remained attached to India until 88 mya Coleeae that is endemic to Madagascar and sur- rounding islands of the Indian Ocean (Seychelles, (Storey et al. 1995). During the lower Creta- Comores and Mascarenes). African Kigelia is not a ceous Madagascar traveled to its present member of Coleeae, rather it is more closely related position 400 km off the coast of Mozambique to a subset of African and Southeast Asian species (Fig. 1). The granitic islands of the Seychelles, of Tecomeae. The molecular phylogeny indicates in the Indian Ocean north of Madagascar, that indehiscent fruit have arisen repeatedly in represent fragments of the separation of Mad- Bignoniaceae: in Coleeae, Kigelia and Crescentieae. -
Phytosociology of the Upper Orange River Valley, South Africa
PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE UPPER ORANGE RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA A SYNTAXONOMICAL AND SYNECOLOGICAL STUDY M.J.A.WERGER PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. V. WESTHOFF PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE UPPER ORANGE RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA A SYNTAXONOMICAL AND SYNECOLOGICAL STUDY PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRUGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. MR. F J.F.M. DUYNSTEE VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DECANEN IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP 10 MEI 1973 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 4.00 UUR. DOOR MARINUS JOHANNES ANTONIUS WERGER GEBOREN TE ENSCHEDE 1973 V&R PRETORIA aan mijn ouders Frontiepieae: Panorama drawn by R.J. GORDON when he discovered the Orange River at "De Fraaye Schoot" near the present Bethulie, probably on the 23rd December 1777. I. INTRODUCTION When the government of the Republic of South Africa in the early sixties decided to initiate a comprehensive water development scheme of its largest single water resource, the Orange River, this gave rise to a wide range of basic and applied scientific sur veys of that area. The reasons for these surveys were threefold: (1) The huge capital investment on such a water scheme can only be justified economically on a long term basis. Basic to this is that the waterworks be protected, over a long period of time, against inefficiency caused by for example silting. Therefore, management reports of the catchment area should.be produced. (2) In order to enable effective long term planning of the management and use of the natural resources in the area it is necessary to know the state of the local ecosystems before a major change is instituted. -
Little Karoo the Little Karoo Mainly Represents a Winter Rainfall Knowledge of the Plants in the Veld, and to Know in Area in the Succulent Karoo Biome
Infopak Research & Technology Development Services Nelmarié Saayman Directorate: Plant Sciences Basic guidelines to Veld Management Elsenburg – Little Karoo The Little Karoo mainly represents a winter rainfall knowledge of the plants in the veld, and to know in area in the Succulent Karoo biome. The average what condition the veld is. rainfall increases from 200 – 400 mm per year from Veld condition is the condition of the vegetation in west to east and the area can be described as relation to certain characteristics such as the species arid. All veld types are sensitive to incorrect grazing composition, cover, productivity, palatability and practices and it is therefore extremely important that nutritional value. Grazing capacity depends on the good veld management is practised in order to en- condition of a camp or the farm’s veld. sure conservation of the veld by proper utilisation. How does livestock utilise the veld? Pasture management can be divided into two com- They first eat the plants that are palatable and leave ponents, namely: the unpalatable ones until last. Palatable plants • pastures (natural grazing land (veld), cultivated include the following: Karoo bietou (Triperis sinuata), pastures, etc.); and Granaatbos (Rhigozum obovatum), Rooisaadgras/ • management (plant production, seed produc- Veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina) and Hartbees grass tion, seedling establishment). (Chaetobromus dregeanus). Although What are pastures and why are they important? these plants are dependent on a certain Pastures provide food for animals. amount of grazing to stimulate growth, This is determined by: excessive utilisation thereof can nega- • plant cover; tively influence their growth • species composition and therefore careful note (different types of must be taken of the utilisation plants in the veld); of all plants in the veld, and particularly the palatable • productivity (yield of plants. -
Die Brutbiologie Der Strahlenschildkröte (Astrochelys Radiata , Shaw 1802) Unter Natürlichen Und Naturnahen Bedingungen in Südwestmadagaskar
Die Brutbiologie der Strahlenschildkröte (Astrochelys radiata , Shaw 1802) unter natürlichen und naturnahen Bedingungen in Südwestmadagaskar Dissertation zur Erlangung der Würde des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften des Fachbereichs Biologie, der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften, der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Jutta M. Hammer aus Helmstedt Hamburg, Dezember 2012 Für Susi und Klaus-Bärbel, die mir erste Eindrücke in gepanzertes Leben vermittelten Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Die Erfindung der Eier................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Die Brutbiologie der Schildkröten................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Landschildkröten auf Madagaskar................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Ziele dieser Untersuchung ............................................................................................................ 5 2. Material und Methoden...................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Untersuchungsgebiete und -zeitraum .......................................................................................... 6 2.2 Regionales Klima Südwestmadagaskar........................................................................................ -
Astrochelys Yniphora)
Herpetology Notes, volume 7: 685-688 (2014) (published online on 17 November 2014) New data on the naturally-occurring maximum sizes attained by Ploughshare Tortoises (Astrochelys yniphora) Angelo Mandimbihasina1 and Andrea Currylow2,* As part of larger studies in January, April, and May extreme demand in the illicit trade and incited poaching 2013, we recorded morphometrics on 127 Ploughshare from the wild, making it truly the “golden tortoise”. Tortoises (Astrochelys yniphora) (Vaillant 1885) and As in many turtle species, the Ploughshare Tortoise found previous reports of morphometrics to be lacking exhibits sexual dimorphism, and sexes can be the breadth of size this species can achieve. The distinguished via secondary sexual characteristics. As Ploughshare Tortoise is the largest extant tortoise in compared to females, male characters include overall Madagascar; however, it has previously been described longer carapaces, elongated gular scute, concave as reaching morphometrics that fall up to 36% short of plastron, longer tail, and longer anal fork. In contrast, our findings. Using data presented herein, we propose females have shorter upturned gular scute, flat plastron, to update and add to the current species description, and wider anal notch which allows egg passage. Adult offering a new standard metric for size. Ploughshare Tortoise straight carapace length (SCL) The Ploughshare Tortoise (known locally as is described as being 250–486 mm (Juvik et al., 1997; “Angonoka”) is endemic to Baly Bay National Park Smith et al., 1999; Pedrono, and Markwell, 2001). In in northwest Madagascar. The species is known as the 2001, Pedrono and Markwell reported the maximum rarest and most endangered tortoise in the world (Curl size and weight known among both male and female et al., 1985; Curl, 1986). -
Annual Report 2016 Homopus Research Foundation
Homopus Research Foundation Annual Report 2016 Victor Loehr February 2017 Homopus Research Foundation: annual report 2016 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 ........................................................................................ 2 1.1. POLICIES AND PERMANENT ACTION POINTS .................................................................................................. 2 1.2. OUTSTANDING ACTION POINTS FROM THE 2015 ANNUAL REPORT ................................................................... 2 1.3. STUDBOOK MANAGEMENT PLAN HOMOPUS SIGNATUS .................................................................................. 4 1.4. STUDBOOK MANAGEMENT PLAN HOMOPUS AREOLATUS ................................................................................ 5 1.5. PROGRESS FIELD STUDIES ON HOMOPUS .................................................................................................... 5 2. PLANS FOR 2017 AND THEREAFTER ..................................................................................................... 6 3. STUDBOOK SUMMARIES ...................................................................................................................... 6 4. ACTUAL STUDBOOK OVERVIEWS .......................................................................................................... 8 5. SPECIFIC INFORMATION FROM STUDBOOK PARTICIPANTS ....................................................................... 19 6. NEW PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................