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INDIA FOUNDATION JOURNAL March April 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s Note .................................................................................................................................... 2 FOCUS: INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY Key Aspects of India’s Revitalised Foreign Policy ..............................................Sushma Swaraj 3 Panchamrit: Recent Innovations in India’s Foreign Policy..................................... Ram Madhav 7 Trends in India’s Foreign Policy ............................................................................. S. Jaishankar 11 India’s Neighbourhood Policy ....................................................................... Amar Sinha 14 India’s Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy: The Role of Yoga and Dharmic Traditions ............................................... David Frawley 16 SPECIAL ARTICLE Factors Responsible for Sectarianism in Gilgit-Baltistan Region ............. Vivek Kumar Mishra 20 OPINION Dharma-Dhamma Links: Strengthening Cultural Bonds ................................. Ram Nath Kovind 29 Transforming India’s Economic Architecture ........................................................ Shaurya Doval 32 India-China Economic Relations and The Persistent Trade Deficit ................... Sriparna Pathak 34 Kushok Bakula Rinpoche – India’s Monk Ambassador to Mongolia ......................... Rami Desai 36 NHIDCL - Accelerating the Pace of Infrastructure Creation and Deepening India’s Strategic Needs................................. Sanjay Jaju 40 REPORTS Conference on India-Mongolia Relations ..................................................... Priyadarshi Rathod 45 4th International Dharma – Dhamma Conference: State and Social Order in Dharma-Dhamma Traditions ............................... Soumya Chaturvedi 49 Workshop on India’s Foreign Policy ........... Neeraj Adhithya, Atitya Ragul V & Sonalini Jena 55 BOOK REVIEW Bertil Lintner’s “China’s India War” .................................................................. Siddharth Singh 62 India Foundation Journal, March-April 2018 {1} India Foundation Editor’s Note Journal Dear Readers, Every nation shapes its foreign policy based on its perceived national interest. It is thus a critical area of policy formulation, with a view to Vol. VI shaping a nation’s relationship, reputation and trade status with its Issue No.2 neighbours. It also affects a nation’s international standing, and how it is viewed by the rest of the world. March-April 2018 In a sense, foreign policy describes the laws, orders or actions of a national government with regard to other nations and international bodies. Activities which fall within the ambit of foreign policy include Editor adherence to international laws and conventions; membership and Maj Gen (Dr) Dhruv C Katoch involvement of multilateral bodies like the United Nations; alliances and security agreements; trade agreements etc. Assistant Editors Indian foreign policy has chartered a remarkably consistent course Srihari Avuthu ever since Independence, regardless of the ruling party in the Centre. A Shubhrastha fresh impetus was however given to India’s foreign policy by the BJP led NDA government after it came to power in the Centre in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections. As stated by Kanwal Sibal, a former foreign secretary Publisher of India, Prime Minister Modi’s foreign policy vision is integrated with his domestic agenda, with a focus on development, modernisation, ease India Foundation New Delhi of doing business, campaigns such as Digital India, Start Up India, Skill India, and the like. Make in India aims also to secure India’s interests in E-mail an unfolding uncertain and competitive world. The goal is widening the [email protected] pool of supportive countries through constructive positions on issues on Website www.indiafoundation.in global agenda. This issue covers the renewed thrust in specific areas in India’s foreign policy, which has enhanced India’s standing in the comity of nations. for private circulation only {2}{2} India Foundation Journal, March-April 2018 FOCUS Key Aspects of India’s Revitalised Foreign Policy Sushma Swaraj* few days ago, we witnessed an In last three and a half years, the Modi unprecedented sight on Rajpath that government has presented new approaches and Awould have been unimaginable some charted new directions with emphasis on years ago: all ten leaders of the ASEAN nations operationalisation and implementation. The new being welcomed as Chief Guests for India’s energy and visibility in our foreign policy has been Republic Day Parade. In fact, from the moment noticed all around the world. It is reflected in the leaders of all our neighbouring countries were India’s enhanced international standing. invited to the swearing-in ceremony of Prime Samriddhi (economic interest), Suraksha (national Minister Modi and his cabinet collagues, a clear security), Samman (dignity and honour), Samvad signal was sent that India’s approach to the world (greater engagement), Sanskriti evam Sabhyata around us would be one that befits its rising global (Civilisational and cultural links) are the driving stature - an innovative, confident, bold and forces behind India’s global engagement today. pragmatic approach that welcomes one and all to There is today a greater expectation of India’s share in India’s growth. role at the international level, as reflected in India *This article is a summary of the remarks made by Smt. Sushma Swaraj, Minister for External Affairs, GoI on 30th January, 2018 at New Delhi at the workshop on India’s Foreign Policy organised by India Foundation in partnership with the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. India Foundation Journal, March-April 2018 {3} emerging as a natural participant in several remarkable jump in India’s position on the index regional and global discourses. Our constructive of ease of doing business. There is a clear sense approach to global issues is widely recognised, that these naturally open new opportunities that and was reflected recently, inter alia, in our entry require a recalibration of our foreign policy to take into the Wassenar Agreement and Australia Group; advantage of these developments, and to buttress our membership of the Shanghai Cooperation them further through proactive and energetic Organisation (SCO); and the coming into force of diplomacy. the International Solar Alliance, a treaty-based In terms of our international outreach, there international organisation initiated by India. has been an unprecedented expansion of India’s The primary driver for this change has been diplomatic canvass, including at the highest levels, the nature of domestic political evolution that India both in terms of regularity and quality of experienced in 2014. For the first time in nearly 3 exchanges. Even as we have engaged with our decades, the people of India brought to power a traditional partners with greater warmth and Central Government with a decisive majority in frequency, the coverage of our diplomatic outreach the lower House of Parliament. The verdict was has extended to new countries and regions. It has for change and for good and effective governance. also extended in terms of covering countries and It was also a call for development reflective of regions that had not received adequate attention growing aspirations of India’s youthful millions. for a long time. This includes our immediate and The government has responded to the mandate by extended neighbourhood, West and Central Asia unveiling a range of measures and initiatives and the Indo-Pacific region. aimed at economic transformation of India. All Earlier in January 2018 in Davos, we heard this has conveyed a message of India as a country Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi share India’s with a decisive and energetic leadership and a vision of creating a shared future in an increasingly government which is committed to transformative divided and fractured world. Improving change. connectivity and facilitating freer movement of Another development, not unrelated to the goods, people and ideas is a crucial part of this first, has been the way the world has begun to vision. Whether it is domestic, external or look at India. In the last two years, the “India regional, in the decades to come, connectivity will Story” has revived itself not the least because of determine how India and indeed Asia achieves the the energy and vigour demonstrated by the goals of growth, employment and prosperity. government. India has emerged as the fastest There is now growing awareness that lack of growing major economy in the world even in face physical and digital connectivity, both within India of difficult global economic environment. Rating and in the larger South Asian neighbourhood and agencies have upgraded India’s rankings as an beyond, is a major constraint on both our investment destination and there has been a nearly capabilities and our competitiveness. However, 40% surge in inward FDI. There has been a these connectivity initiatives must be based on {4}{4} India Foundation Journal, March-April 2018 universally recognized international norms, good With the historic launch of the South Asia governance, rule of law, openness, transparency Satellite, India demonstrated its commitment to and equality, and must be pursued in a manner sharing the benefits of its technological that respects sovereignty and territorial integrity. capabilities with its regional partners. As a first In the past year there has been significant responder in emergencies and natural disasters, progress
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