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The Calendars of India
The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5. -
INDIA FOUNDATION JOURNAL March April 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s Note .................................................................................................................................... 2 FOCUS: INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY Key Aspects of India’s Revitalised Foreign Policy ..............................................Sushma Swaraj 3 Panchamrit: Recent Innovations in India’s Foreign Policy..................................... Ram Madhav 7 Trends in India’s Foreign Policy ............................................................................. S. Jaishankar 11 India’s Neighbourhood Policy ....................................................................... Amar Sinha 14 India’s Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy: The Role of Yoga and Dharmic Traditions ............................................... David Frawley 16 SPECIAL ARTICLE Factors Responsible for Sectarianism in Gilgit-Baltistan Region ............. Vivek Kumar Mishra 20 OPINION Dharma-Dhamma Links: Strengthening Cultural Bonds ................................. Ram Nath Kovind 29 Transforming India’s Economic Architecture ........................................................ Shaurya Doval 32 India-China Economic Relations and The Persistent Trade Deficit ................... Sriparna Pathak 34 Kushok Bakula Rinpoche – India’s Monk Ambassador to Mongolia ......................... Rami Desai 36 NHIDCL - Accelerating the Pace of Infrastructure Creation and Deepening India’s Strategic Needs................................. Sanjay Jaju 40 REPORTS Conference on India-Mongolia Relations .................................................... -
American Hindu Activism and the Politics of Anxiety Arun Chaudhuri
American Hindu Activism and the Politics of Anxiety Arun Chaudhuri A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Anthropology York University Toronto, Ontario September 2012 © Arun Chaudhuri, 2012 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92758-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92758-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Vikram Samvat 2076-77 • 2020
Vikram Samvat 2076-77 • 2020 Shri Vikari and Shri Shaarvari Nama Phone: (219) 756-1111 • [email protected] www.bharatiyatemple-nwindiana.org Vikram Samvat 2076-77 • 2020 Shri Vikari and Shri Shaarvari Nama Phone: (219) 756-1111 • [email protected] 8605 Merrillville Road • Merrillville, IN 46410 www.bharatiyatemple-nwindiana.org VIKARI PUSHYA - MAGHA AYANA: UTTARA, RITU: SHISHIRA DHANUSH – MAKARA, MARGAZHI – THAI VIKARI PUSHYA - MAGHA AYANA: UTTARASUNDAY, RITU: SHISHIRA MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY DHANUSH – MAKARASATURDAY, MARGAZHI – THAI VIKARI PAUSHA S SAPTAMI 09:30 ASHTAMI 11:56 NAVAMI 14:02 PUSHYA - MAGHA SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 1 THURSDAY 2 FRIDAY 3 SATURDAY 4 AYANA: UTTARA, RITU: SHISHIRA SAPTAMI FULL NIGHT DHANUSH – MAKARA, MARGAZHI – THAI VIKARI PAUSHA S SAPTAMI 09:30 ASHTAMI 11:56 NAVAMI 14:02 PUSHYA - MAGHA SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 1 THURSDAY 2 FRIDAY 3 SATURDAY 4 AYANA: UTTARA, RITU: SHISHIRA SAPTAMI FULL NIGHT DHANUSH – MAKARA, MARGAZHI – THAI VIKARI PAUSHA S SAPTAMI 09:30 ASHTAMI 11:56 NAVAMI 14:02 PUSHYA - MAGHA SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 1 THURSDAY 2 FRIDAY 3 SATURDAY 4 AYANA: UTTARA, RITU: SHISHIRA SAPTAMI FULL NIGHT DHANUSH – MAKARA, MARGAZHI – THAI VIKARI PAUSHA S SAPTAMI 09:30 ASHTAMI 11:56 NAVAMI 14:02 PUSHYA - MAGHA SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 1 THURSDAY 2 FRIDAY 3 SATURDAY 4 AYANA: UTTARA, RITU: SHISHIRA SAPTAMI FULL NIGHT DHANUSH – MAKARA, MARGAZHI – THAI PAUSHA S SAPTAMI 09:30 ASHTAMI 11:56 NAVAMI 14:02 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 1 THURSDAY 2 FRIDAY 3 SATURDAY -
Civilian Awards
VISION IAS www.visionias.in Civilian Awards Padma Awards Padma Awards were instituted in the year 1954. The award is given in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. The awards are announced on the occasion of Republic Day every year and normally not conferred posthumously. However, in highly deserving cases, the Government could consider giving an award posthumously if the demise of the person proposed to be honoured has been recent, say within a period of one year preceding the Republic Day on which it is proposed to announce the award. The Awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of activities, viz. - art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service, etc. • Padma Shri is awarded for ‘distinguished service’. • Padma Bhushan for ‘distinguished service of a high order’. • Padma Vibhushan for ‘exceptional and distinguished service'. Padma Awards 2015 Padma Vibhushan: 1. LK Advani- Public Affairs- Gujarat 2. Amitabh Bachchan- Art- Maharashtra 3. Prakash Singh Badal- Public Affairs- Punjab 4. Dr D Veerendra Heggade- Social Work- Karnataka 5. Mohammad Yusuf Khan alias Dilip Kumar- Art- Maharashtra 6. Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya- Others- Uttar Pradesh 7. Prof Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan- Science and Engineering- Tamil Nadu 8. Kottayan K. Venugopal- Public Affairs- Delhi 9. Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan (Foreigner)- Trade and Industry- France/UK Padma Bhushan: 1. Jahnu Barua- Art- Assam 2. Dr Vijay Bhatkar- Science and Engineering- Maharashtra 3. Shri Swapan Dasgupta- Literature and Education- Delhi 4. Swami Satyamitranand Giri- Others- Uttar Pradesh 5. N Gopalaswami- Civil Service- Tamil Nadu 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS 6. -
Traditional New Year
Traditional New Year drishtiias.com/printpdf/traditional-new-year The President of India has greeted the people on the eve of Ugadi, Gudi Padwa, Cheti Chand, Navreh and Sajibu Cheiraoba. These festivals mark the beginning of the traditional New Year in India. Gudi Padwa and Ugadi Ugadi and Gudi Padwa are the festivals, to celebrate the New Year, in the month of Chaitra Shukla Pratipada as per the Hindu Lunar Calendar, and is celebrated by the people in the Deccan region including Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The common practice in the celebrations of both the festivals is the festive food that is prepared with a mix of sweet and bitter. A famous concoction served is jaggery (sweet) and neem (bitter), called bevu- bella in South, signifying that life brings both happiness and sorrows. Gudi, which means a doll is prepared in Maharashtrian homes. A bamboo stick is adorned with green or red brocade to make the gudi. This gudi is placed prominently in the house or outside a window/ door for all to see. For Ugadi, doors in homes are adorned with mango leaf decorations called toranalu or Torana in Kannada. Cheti Chand Sindhis celebrate the new year as Cheti Chand. Chaitra month is called 'Chet' in Sindhi. The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Ishta Deva Uderolal, Jhulelal, the patron saint of Sindhis and is celebrated with great pompous and gaiety. Navreh 1/2 It is the lunar New Year that is celebrated in Kashmir. It is the Sanskrit word ‘Nav Varsha’ from where the word ‘Navreh’ has been derived. -
Department of Sanskrit General
1 SREE SANKARACHARYA UNIVERSITY OF SANSKRIT, KALADY RESRUCTURED SYLLABI FOR B.A PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT GENERAL 2015 ONWARDS Faculty of Sanskrit Literature Department of Sanskrit General 2 RESRUCTURED SYLLABI FOR B.A PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT GENERAL 2015 ONWARDS Semester I Sl. Course Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Code Credits week 1. I.A.101.En. Common English I 4 5 2. I.A.102.En. Common English II 3 4 3. I.A.107.Sg Additional Language 4 4 I- Prose, Poetry and Drama 4. I.B.111.Sg Fundamentals of 3 4 Sanskrit Language 5. I.C.124.Sg A Survey of Classical 3 4 Sanskrit Literature 6. I.C.125.Sg Modern 3 4 Sanskrit Literature 3 Semester II Sl. Course Code Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Credits week 1. II.A.103.En. Common English III 4 5 2. II.A.104.En. Common English IV 3 4 3. II.A.108.Sg Additional Language II- 4 4 Communication Skills in Sanskrit 4. II.B.112.Sg Ancient Indian Metanarrative - 3 4 Bhāsa & Kālidāsa 5. II.C.126.Sg Methodology of Sanskrit 3 4 Learning - Tantrayukti 6. II.C.127.Sg Vṛtta and Alaṅkāra 3 4 Semester III Sl. Course Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Code Credits week 1. III.A.105.En. Common English V 4 5 2. III.A.109.Sg Additional Language III – 4 5 Perennial poetry: Kālidāsa and O.N.V.Kurup 3. III.B.113.Sg Literary appreciation: Indian 4 5 perspectives 4. -
Vedic Knowledge for Civilizational Harmony"
World Association for Vedic Studies, Inc. A Multidisciplinary Academic Society, Tax Exempt in USA WAVES 2010 Eighth International Conference on "Vedic Knowledge for Civilizational Harmony" August 4-7, 2010 University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago In Collaboration with: Center for Indic Studies, UMass Dartmouth Saraswati Mandiram, Trinidad Contents About WAVES Organizers Welcome Letters WAVES 2010 in Trinidad Conference Description Track Descriptions Abstracts Agenda Speaker Profiles Speaker Guidelines Map of UWI Map of TT Boarding and Lodging Information Key Contacts Sponsors WAVES 2010 2 World Association for Vedic Studies, Inc. A Multidisciplinary Academic Society, Tax Exempt in USA Nature & Purpose World Association of Vedic Studies (WAVES) is a multidisciplinary academic society. It is a forum for all scholarly activities and views on any area of ‘Vedic Studies’ variously called as Indian Studies, South Asian Studies or Indology. WAVES is not confined to study related to Vedas alone or to India alone. It encompasses all that applies to traditions commonly called Vedic, past, present and future, any where in the world. WAVES is a non-religious society with no ideology. It is open for membership and for participation to all persons irrespective of their color, creed, ethnicity, and country of origin or any other kind of persuasion. It is universally acknowledged that Vedas are among the oldest existing records of human thoughts. Vedic traditions have continued without interruption for many millennium of years and remain a living and formative source of Hindu culture and tradition. Today Vedic traditions are not confined to Indian subcontinent but have spread virtually to all parts of the globe, through persons of Indian origin and through scholars and admirers of these traditions. -
Sound Ssādhanā—Cultivating Sself Through Sswara: a Practice-Based Spiritual Inquiry
To Come to Know Who Rides Upon Your Tongue: Sound sSādhanā—Cultivating sSelf Through sSwara: A Practice-based Spiritual Inquiry by Sheena Anne Anderson M.A., (Arts Education), Simon Fraser University, 2015 B.F.A., (Emily Carr University of Art and Design), 2012 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Arts Education Program Faculty of Education © Sheena Anne Anderson 2021 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2021 Copyright in this work is held by the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Declaration of Committee Name: Sheena Anne Anderson Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: To Come to Know Who Rides Upon Your Tongue: Sound sSādhanā—Cultivating sSelf Through sSwara: A Practice-based Spiritual Inquiry Committee: Chair: Cher Hill Assistant Professor, Education Lynn Fels Supervisor Professor, Education Michael Ling Committee Member Senior Lecturer, Education Charles Scott Committee Member Adjunct Professor, Education Heesoon Bai Examiner Professor, Education Ajit K. Pyati External Examiner Associate Professor Information & Media Studies University of Western Ontario ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract This dissertation is the account of a group exploration of Sound sSādhanā—an integrated voice and self-study practice designed specifically for research purpose—undertaken as an artist’s spiritual journey over a three-month duration. The purpose of the study was to explore Sound sSādhanā as practice- based spiritual inquiry from a sound yogi practitioner perspective. This research design emerged from two intertwining oral teaching traditions: Indian music foundational voice cultivation practices; and Nāda Yoga, the path of exploring consciousness through sound, vibration and resonance. -
Letter to Biden Re 1971 Bengali Hindu Genocide 03.25.21
March 25, 2021 President Joe Biden The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President: We are writing to you today to draw your attention to one of the greatest humanitarian disasters and crimes against humanity of the 20th century: the Bengali Hindu Genocide. This year, on March 25, 2021, we will mark the 50th anniversary of the beginning of the genocide. On that night, the West Pakistan military launched ‘Operation Searchlight’ in the capital city Dhaka, unleashing a campaign of targeted killings and massacres against the Bengali Hindu population, leaving thousands dead overnight. In the ensuing months, historians estimate that 2-3 million people, primarily Bengali Hindus but also Bengali Muslim intellectuals and secular nationalists, were killed. About 200,000-400,000 women were raped and over 10 million people were displaced throughout the region, mostly in neighboring India. At the time, the U.S. and the world were aware of the atrocities being carried out. In a telegram titled “Selective Genocide” to the U.S. State Department, American Consul General Archer K. Blood wrote “Here in Dacca we are mute and horrified witnesses to a reign of terror by the Pak military. Moreover, with support of Pak military, non-Bengali Muslims are systematically attacking poor people’s quarters and murdering Bengalis and Hindus. Full horror of Pak military atrocities will come to light sooner or later.”1 After fifty years, the time has come to affirm this horrific event which remains one of the greatest unrecognized crimes against humanity of the 20th century. Therefore, we urge you to issue a public statement commemorating March 25th as Bengali Hindu Genocide Remembrance Day. -
At Lord Balaji's Feet in Tirupati
January/February/March, 2006 US$5.95 Affirming S. anatana D. harma a. nd R. ecording t. he M. odern H. istory o. f a. B. illion-Strong G. lobal R. eligion i. n R. enaissance At Lord BALAji’s Feet in tirupAti thomas kelly COVER: P. ilgrims t. ouch t. he s. culpted s. tone f. eet i. n T. irumala T. emple’s S. rivari P. adalu s. hrine w. hich m. ark t. he p. lace w. here L. ord V. ish- nu firs. t s. tepped u. pon t. he Ea. rth .(A . bove) Pil. grim sp. ins t. he p. rayer w. heels a. t t. he Hin. du-Buddhist t. emple of. M. uktinath in. N. epal . january/february/march, 2006 • Hindu year 5107 parthiva, the year of earthly prosperity www.gurudeva.org InternatIonal Feature: .Trek .with .Us .to .Tirupati, .Lord .Venkatesh- Education: .Parents .Correct .Textbooks .on .Hinduism .60 wara’s .Revered .Temple .Home .in .South .India . 18 Vegetarianism: Entrepreneur P. uts H. is M. oney W. here . Service: Activities .at .World’s .Richest .Temple .Are .a . Your M. outh I. s a. t I. nnovative R. estaurant . 62 Blend .of .Tradition .and .Technology . 30 Biography: Beatle G. eorge H. arrison’s S. piritual L. ife . 64 Priesthood: Here’s .Where .Priests .for .Hindu . Pilgrimage: Visiting t. he M. uktinath T. emple H. igh . Temples .Around .the .World .Are .Trained . 32 i. n N. epal’s H. imalayas . 66 Conferences: .Four .Hundred .Gather .in .New .Jersey . To .Form .a .Collective .Hindu .Initiative . 34 opn InIo In My Opinion: .Don’t .Let .Yoga .Teachers .Divide . -
Seed 1 Combines These Two Titles
SEED (1) ARISE ARJUN: Awaken my Hindu Nation & AYODHYA SHRI RAAM MANDIR: facts that did not reach you all MAANOJ RAKHIT Yashodharman © Maanoj Rakhit 8-604 The Discovery, Borivali East, Mumbai 400 066 Mobile Phone / Text Messages +91 986 980 9012 EMail [email protected] Web site http://www.maanojrakhit.com ISBN-10 81-89990-14-4 ISBN-13 978-81-89990-14-5 Published 2003 Current edition 2008 Price There is no price tag—you may, at your wish, make a token contribution of Rs 25 (twenty five). This will partially cover expenses. State Bank of India SB A/c 00000010416869077 Branch 4666 Printed at Ideal Press, Ambawadi, Dahisar (E), Mumbai 400 068 Mob: 98920-75431 Devendra Warang 2 Contents 7 Readers' Testimonies 9 Essential clarifications 10 Introduction 11 PART 1 JOURNEY OF HINDU SOCIETY 12 Hindu Society before Islam 12 Truth from the pages of History 13 Testimonies of Foreign Visitors 19 Does it not tell you clearly that ¬Ö´ÖÔ Dharm was indeed, reestablished? 20 What brought the extraordinary downfall? 21 For a change, would you want to be honest with yourself? 23 Journey through Horrors of Islam 23 Inferno that Max Muller spoke of 24 Islamic Evidence of Suppressed Historical Facts 36 What happened to Hindu Society? 39 What happened to Hindu Women? 40 Quotes from Quran and Hadis 41 A Religion that teaches Hatred and Enmity 42 Rise of Islam 43 Belief system that gave rise to such behavior pattern 46 Understanding Islam through Hadis and Sunna 50 Journey through Saintly duplicity 50 Historical Facts—Suppressed on Purpose 52 More Historical