Applied Ethics
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Applied Ethics Perspectives from Asia and Beyond Edited by Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan Copyright ֊ 2008 by Authors Published by Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Hokkaido University N10 W7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Editors Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima Editorial Board Takahiko Nitta, Teruo Utsunomiya, Nobuo Kurata and Takehide Kashiwaba All Rights Reserved Printed in Japan ISBN: 978-4-9904046-0-4 Copyright ֊ 2008 by Authors Published by Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Hokkaido University N10 W7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Editors Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima Editorial Board Takahiko Nitta, Teruo Utsunomiya, Nobuo Kurata and Takehide Kashiwaba All Rights Reserved Printed in Japan ISBN: 978-4-9904046-0-4 Preface This anthology is the final summation of the International Applied Ethics Conference “Applied Ethics: The Second International Conference in Sapporo” held at Hokkaido University on November 22-25, 2007. This conference was held by the Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy (CEAP) and its Graduate Program in Applied Ethics (GPAE), Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University. The purpose of this anthology is to collect the works of applied ethics written from different perspectives. Some essays promote Japanese perspectives, others are written from other perspectives of different countries, and yet others take analytical approaches in the fields of applied ethics. Accordingly, this anthology is divided into three parts. Part I consists of essays written primarily from Japanese perspectives. Part II presents essays written primarily from Asian and Western perspectives, and those drawn on cases from Asian and other countries. Part III is a selection of essays that focuses on various fields of applied ethics. It is our hope that this anthology will be considered to be part of the achievement that has been greatly supported by the new generation of applied ethics scholars, who are striving to deliver their original ideas and arguments to Asia and beyond. It is also our hope that this anthology contributes to further development of research in applied ethics in Japan, Asia and around the world. June 2008 Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima Preface This anthology is the final summation of the International Applied Ethics Conference “Applied Ethics: The Second International Conference in Sapporo” held at Hokkaido University on November 22-25, 2007. This conference was held by the Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy (CEAP) and its Graduate Program in Applied Ethics (GPAE), Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University. The purpose of this anthology is to collect the works of applied ethics written from different perspectives. Some essays promote Japanese perspectives, others are written from other perspectives of different countries, and yet others take analytical approaches in the fields of applied ethics. Accordingly, this anthology is divided into three parts. Part I consists of essays written primarily from Japanese perspectives. Part II presents essays written primarily from Asian and Western perspectives, and those drawn on cases from Asian and other countries. Part III is a selection of essays that focuses on various fields of applied ethics. It is our hope that this anthology will be considered to be part of the achievement that has been greatly supported by the new generation of applied ethics scholars, who are striving to deliver their original ideas and arguments to Asia and beyond. It is also our hope that this anthology contributes to further development of research in applied ethics in Japan, Asia and around the world. June 2008 Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima VI VII Contributors (Asterisks indicate editors.) Acknowledgments Maria Dolores HERVAS ARMERO is a PhD Candidate at the Graduate School of Laws, Department of Earlier versions of some of the material in this book appeared in the Proceedings for the Second Philosophy of Law and Department of International Law, University of Valencia, Spain. She is also a International Applied Ethics Conference, edited by Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima (Sapporo, Center visiting researcher at the Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University. She is a legal practitioner and for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University, 2007). All papers contributed to this book were works as a member of the Bioethics Section in the Bar Association of Valencia. reviewed by two reviewers from the editorial board and its editors. We are grateful to our colleagues at the Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University; Takahiko Nitta, Teruo Utsunomiya, Wan-ling CHOU is a PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of National Central University, Nobuo Kurata and Takehide Kashiwaba, who painstakingly assisted us with our editorial work. We also Taiwan, ROC. She has assisted in research projects such as the ELSI of stem cell research, Taiwan would like to thank Arata Matsuki of I-Word, who kindly gave us practical advice and suggestions for Biobank Project and others. Her main research interests are bioethics, ethics of science and technology publication of this book. Above all, we wish to thank the contributors to this book and the participants of including genetic and neuroethics. Her publications include ‘Liberalism and Confucianism on Genetic the Second International Applied Ethics Conference. Without their help and support, this anthology could Justice’ and others. not be published. Tamami FUKUSHI, PhD, is Researcher at the Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). She was a neurophysiologist in human/non-human primates’ motor control research field, and started neuroethics research in 2005. She is an international editorial board member of the academic Journal Neuroethics published by Springer. Saku HARA, PhD, studied German literature and philosophy of science in Japan and Germany. In 2006 he received a PhD on the subject: Rational Animals – A Neurophilosophical Theory of Rational Agency. He is now engaged in the “Neuroliteracy Project” as program researcher at University of Tokyo. *Kohji Ishihara, PhD, is Associate Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo. His research fields are philosophy and ethics of technology and phenomenology. He is currently engaged in the Global COE program "international philosophical education and research center on co-existence" run by University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy (UTCP). He was Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University (until March 2008). Hidekazu KANEMITSU is Assistant Professor at Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT) and Researcher at the Applied Ethics Center for Engineering and Science (ACES). At KIT, he takes charge of Science and Engineering Ethics Education. He received a B.A. in philosophy and M.A. in philosophy from Hokkaido University, Japan. Gladius KULOTHUNGAN is Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Institutional Studies, the University of East London, United Kingdom. He researches and teaches Social Entrepreneurship and works with third and public sector organisations on organisational development issues. His research interests include responses to global injustice and normative theories of institutions. Masatoshi KURIYAMA is a PhD student of Graduate School of letters, Hokkaido University. He studies ancient philosophy, especially of Aristotle. His research interest also covers media ethics, and he is now working on objective reporting in journalism. Shui Chuen LEE is Professor and Director of The Graduate Institute of Philosophy of National Central University, Taiwan ROC. He is chief PI of the various projects of the National Project of Human Genome Medicine since 1998 and has been working on ethical issues related to the Human Genome Project. He is the founder and editor of The Newsletter of Applied Ethics (1997, in Chinese) and a founding member and president (2006-2008) of the Taiwan Bioethics Association. He has published three books Philosophical Explorations of Contemporary Neo-Confucianism (1993), Hume (1993) and Confucian Bioethics (1999) I II Contributors (Asterisks indicate editors.) Acknowledgements Maria Dolores HERVAS ARMERO is a PhD Candidate at the Graduate School of Laws, Department of Earlier versions of some of the material in this book appeared in the Proceedings for the Second Philosophy of Law and Department of International Law, University of Valencia, Spain. She is also a International Applied Ethics Conference, edited by Kohji Ishihara and Shunzo Majima (Sapporo, Center visiting researcher at the Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University. She is a legal practitioner and for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University, 2007). All papers contributed to this book were works as a member of the Bioethics Section in the Bar Association of Valencia. reviewed by two reviewers from the editorial board and its editors. We are grateful to our colleagues at the Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University; Takahiko Nitta, Teruo Utsunomiya, Wan-ling CHOU is a PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of National Central University, Nobuo Kurata and Takehide Kashiwaba, who painstakingly assisted us with our editorial work. We also Taiwan, ROC. She has assisted in research projects such as the ELSI of stem cell research, Taiwan would like to thank Arata Matsuki