The Iraqi Army

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The Iraqi Army NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER HANDBOOK 100-91 3 JANUARY 1991 THE IRAQI ARMY Organization and Tactics Prepared by: The S2, 177th Armored Brigade and the Operations Group of the National Training Center :_ . s:.:. Preface The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 generated an intense interest in the organization and capabilities of the armed forces of Iraq. However, two difficulties immediately became apparent in the consolidation and dissemination of information about Iraq. First, no single source reference detailed all the known information about the armed forces of Iraq. Second, Iraq represented a viable third-world “threat,” about which very little unclassified data was available. The large body-of information available, mainly classified, concerning Iraqi military operations from the Iran-Iraq war may not be useful in drawing direct parallels to future Iraqi operations. For example, the Iraqis used infantry units (divisions, brigades, and battalions) reinforced with tanks. These light forces often conducted limited offensive operations, movements to contact, etc. In the future, given a different enemy, on different terrain, Iraqi mechanized infantry and armored division operations would likely take on a Soviet style and pace. Infantry divisions and brigades would rarely conduct attacks or movements to contact in a desert environment. Consequently, a joint intelligence work group under the direction of the National Training Center (NTC) Threat Manager developed this tactical handbook on the Iraqi armed forces using the FM series 100-2, The Soviet Army, as the foundation for its content and organization, for use at the NTC as a third-world threat model. The group consisted primarily of intelligence personnel of both the 177th Armored Brigade and NTC Operations Group. The NTC SSO and the Training Detachment, Foreign Materiel intelligence Battalion provided technical assistance. The Combined Arms Center Threats Directorate and the entire intelligence community, particularly the US Army Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center, made significant contributions to the finat draft. The NTC wishes to especially thank the Defense Intelligence Agency for its responsive support and assistance in the research and production of this handbook. While many people contributed to the initial draft of this handbook, the NTC Threat Manager (The S2, 177th Armored Brigade) edited this final draft. He is solely responsible for decisions concerning inclusion of information in its content. For additional information, call the 177th Armored Brigade ASPS AV 470~5122/4837 (STU-III), or write: Commander, 177th Armored Brigade ATTN: AFZJ-AB-I, Fort Irwin, CA 92310-5031. CONTENTS IRAQI GROUND FORCES ...................................................................................... 1 IRAQI ARMED FORCES STRUCTURE .................................................................. 1 GENERAL HEADQUARTERS................................................................................. 1 THE REGULAR ARMY CORPS .............................................................................. 2 THE CORPS STAFF ................................................................................................ 2 THE CORPS ORGANIZATION.. .............................................................................. 5 Corps Artillery (Brigade) .......................................................................... 5 Corps Air Defense Artillery (Brigade) ...................................................... 6 Reconnaissance Battalion, Corps ........................................................... 6 Field Engineer Battalion, Corps.. ............................................................ 7 Engineer Bridging Battalion, Corps ......................................................... 7 Chemical Defense Company/Battalion, Corps ....................................... 7 Medical Battalion, Corps.. ....................................................................... 8 Army Aviation Wing, Corps ..................................................................... 8 Antitank Battalion, Corps ........................................................................ 8 Rocket Brigade, Corps ............................................................................ 9 Signal Battalion, Corps ........................................................................... 10 Corps Commander Guard Infantry Company ......................................... 10 Headquarters Company, Corps .............................................................. 10 Electronic Warfare Battalion, Corps ........................................................ 10 Commando Brigade, Corps .................................................................... 11 Special Forces Brigade, Corps ............................................................... 11 THE REGULAR ARMY DIVISION ........................................................................... 11 Division Artillery ...................................................................................... 12 Field Engineer Battalion, Division ........................................................... 14 Division Air Defense ............................................................................... 14 Armored Division Air Defense. ....................................................... 15 Mechanized Infantry Division Air Defense ..................................... 16 Infantry Division Air Defense .......................................................... 17 Signal Battalion, Division ........................................................................ 18 Electrical and Mechanical Engineer Battalion, Division.. ........................ 18 Chemical Defense Company, Division ................................................... 18 THE IRAOI ARMY: ORGANIZATtON AND TACTICS Commando Brigade/Force, Division.. ..................................................... 19 Reconnaissance Battalion, Division.. ...................................................... 19 Amwed Battalion, Infantry Division ....................................................... 20 Medical Battalion, Division.. .................................................................... 20 MANEUVER BRIGADES ......................................................................................... 21 Mechanized infantry Battalion ................................................................ 23 Mechanized/Armored Brigade Armored Battalion .................................. 25 THE REPUBLICAN GUARD FORCES COMMAND.. .............................................. 25 Historical Evolution.. ........................................................................................ 25 Operational Experience .......................................................................... 25 Personnel.. .............................................................................................. 26 Strengths.. ............................................................................................... 26 Maneuver Brigades.. ............................................................................... 28 SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES .:. ...................................................................... 31 Special Forces Brigade, GHO ......................................................................... 31 Commando Brigade, GHC .............................................................................. 32 THE POPULAR ARMY ............................................................................................ 33 IRAQI MILITARY CONCEPTS .............................................................................. 35 MILITARY DOCTRINE.. ........................................................................................... 35 EFFECTS OF DOCTRINE ON TACTICS ................................................................ 35 COMMAND AND CONTROL.. ............................................................................... 37 COMMUNICATION.. ................................................................................................ 37 FORWARD COMMAND POSTS ............................................................................. 38 TACTICS: DIVISION AND BELOW ..................................................................... 41 THE OFFENSE.. ...................................................................................................... 41 Features of Iraqi Offensive Operations.. .......................................................... 41 Limited Objectives .................................................................................. 41 Limited Night Operations ........................................................................ 41 Extensive Rehearsals.. ........................................................................... 42 Initial Use of Commandos ....................................................................... 42 Failure to Conduct Pursuit ...................................................................... 42 Principles of Offensive Operations .................................................................. 42 Intelligence .............................................................................................. 42 Maneuver ................................................................................................ 42 Momentum. ............................................................................................. 43 Reserve..................................................................................................
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