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After Saddam: Prewar Planning and the Occupation of Iraq, MG-642-A, Nora Bensahel, Olga Oliker, Keith Crane, Richard R THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Arroyo Center View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. After Saddam Prewar Planning and the Occupation of Iraq Nora Bensahel, Olga Oliker, Keith Crane, Richard R. Brennan, Jr., Heather S. Gregg, Thomas Sullivan, Andrew Rathmell Prepared for the United States Army Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ARROYO CENTER The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Army under Contract No. DASW01-01-C-0003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data After Saddam : prewar planning and the occupation of Iraq / Nora Bensahel ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8330-4458-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Iraq War, 2003– 2. Military planning—United States. 3. Postwar reconstruction—Iraq. 4. Coalition Provisional Authority. 5. Insurgency—Iraq. 6. National security—Iraq. I. Bensahel, Nora, 1971– DS79.76A345 2008 956.7044'3—dc22 2008025846 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2008 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2008 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface Soon after Operation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) began in March 2003, RAND Ar- royo Center began a research project at the request of the U.S. Army. This project set out to prepare an authoritative account of the planning and execution of combat and stability operations in Iraq and to identify key issues that could affect Army plans and goals, operational concepts, doctrine, and other Title 10 responsibilities. The resulting body of work will interest those involved in organizing, training, and equipping military forces to plan for, deploy to, participate in, and support joint and coalition operations. Although focused primarily on Army forces and activities, the analysis also describes other aspects of joint and combined operations. RAND analysts collected the information in these volumes from many sources, including unit after-action reports, compilations of lessons learned, official databases, media reports, other contemporary records, and interviews with key participants in OIF. The results of this project are documented in multiple volumes, some not avail- able to the general public, as described below: • Decisive War, Elusive Peace: Operation IRAQI FREEDOM, MG-641-A, Richard E. Darilek, Walter L. Perry, Laurinda L. Rohn, and Jerry M. Sollinger, editors. This volume is an overview of the research findings. • After Saddam: Prewar Planning and the Occupation of Iraq, MG-642-A, Nora Bensahel, Olga Oliker, Keith Crane, Richard R. Brennan, Jr., Heather S. Gregg, Thomas Sullivan, and Andrew Rathmell. This volume is a treatment of the prewar planning for the postwar situation and of postwar military and re- construction activities. • Operation IRAQI FREEDOM: Executive Summary, MG-643-A, Walter L. Perry, Laurinda L. Rohn, and Jerry M. Sollinger. This volume, not available to the general public, presents an executive summary of the research findings. • Operation IRAQI FREEDOM: Volume I, The Genesis, MG-643/1-A, Jefferson P. Marquis, Walter L. Perry, David E. Mosher, Stephen T. Hosmer, Andrea Mejia, Richard E. Darilek, Jerry M. Sollinger, Vipin Narang, Charles W. Yost, John Halliday, and John R. Bondanella. This volume, not available to the gen- iii iv After Saddam: Prewar Planning and the Occupation of Iraq eral public, describes the political and military activities leading up to the opera- tion. • Operation IRAQI FREEDOM: Volume II, Defeating Saddam, MG-643/2-A, Bruce R. Pirnie, John Gordon IV, Richard R. Brennan, Jr., Forrest E. Morgan, Alexander C. Hou, and Charles W. Yost. This volume, not available to the gen- eral public, covers major combat operations in Iraq. • Operation IRAQI FREEDOM: Volume III, Managing the War, MG-643/3-A, Walter L. Perry, Edward O’Connell, Miranda Priebe, Forrest E. Morgan, Lowell H. Schwartz, and Alexander C. Hou. This volume, not available to the general public, describes the command and control (C2) of the forces and sup- porting operations. • Operation IRAQI FREEDOM: Volume IV, Prewar Planning and the Occupation of Iraq, MG-643/4-A, Nora Bensahel, Olga Oliker, Keith Crane, Richard R. Brennan, Jr., Heather S. Gregg, Thomas Sullivan, and Andrew Rathmell. This volume, not available to the general public, describes the prewar planning for the postwar situation and postwar military and reconstruction activities. • Operation IRAQI FREEDOM: Volume V, Sustaining the Force, MG-643/5-A, Eric Peltz, David Kassing, Jerry M. Sollinger, Marc Robbins, Kenneth J. Girar- dini, Peter Schirmer, Robert Howe, and Brian Nichiporuk. This volume, not available to the general public, covers the mobilization and sustainment of the forces. This report provides an unclassified treatment of the post–major combat mili- tary and stabilization activities. It begins by examining prewar planning for postwar Iraq, in order to establish what U.S. policymakers expected the postwar situation to look like and what their plans were for stabilization. The report then examines the role of U.S. military forces after major combat officially ended on May 1, 2003. Fi- nally, the report examines civilian efforts at reconstruction, focusing on the activities of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and its efforts to rebuild structures of governance, security forces, economic policy, and essential services prior to June 28, 2004, the day that CPA dissolved and transferred authority to the Iraqi Interim Gov- ernment. The research for this volume was completed in September 2004 and the final draft was submitted in October 2004. The purpose of this analysis is to find out where problems occurred and to sug- gest possibilities to improve planning and operations in the future. The results of such analysis can seem therefore to be overly focused on the negative. This should not be taken to mean that no good was done. In fact, dedicated U.S. and coalition personnel, both military and civilian, engaged in many positive and constructive ac- tivities, individually and collectively. That this analysis does not highlight all those activities should not in any way detract from their value. Our focus, however, re- mains on finding ways to improve. Preface v This research was co-sponsored by the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3, U.S. Army, and the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-8, U.S. Army. It was conducted in RAND Arroyo Center’s Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program. RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Corporation, is a federally funded research and development center spon- sored by the United States Army. The Project Unique Identification Code (PUIC) for the project that produced this document is DAMOAX003. For more information on RAND Arroyo Center, contact the Director of Op- erations (telephone 310-393-0411, extension 6419; FAX 310-451-6952; email [email protected]), or visit Arroyo’s web site at http://www.rand.org/ard/. Contents Preface ...................................................................................... iii Figures ..................................................................................... xiii Tables ......................................................................................
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