General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Sri Lanka
ABSTRACTS Engineering Excellence through Collaborative Research and Innovation ABSTRACTS
This book contains the abstracts of papers presented at the 11th International Research Conference of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka held on 13th - 14th September 2018. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, without prior permission of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
Published by General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Ratmalana 10390 Sri Lanka
Tel : +94113370105 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.kdu.ac.lk/irc2018
ISBN - 978 - 955 - 0301 - 56 - 0 Date of Publication 13th September 2018
Designed and Printed by
2 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
CONFERENCE CHAIR Dr Upali Rajapaksha
CONFERENCE SECRETARY Ms Bhagya Senaratne
AssiSTANT CONFERENCE SECRETARIES Dr Danushi Gunasekara Ms Nirupa Ranasinghe Capt Madhura Rathnayake
STEERING COMMITTEE Maj Gen IP Ranasinghe RWP RSP ndu psc - President
Brig RGU Rajapakshe RSP psc Professor MHJ Ariyarathne Col JMC Jayaweera psc Senior Professor JR Lucas Capt (S) UG Jayalath Senior Professor ND Warnasuriya Capt JU Gunaseela psc Senior Professor RN Pathirana Lt Col PSS Sanjeewa RSP psc Senior Professor Amal Jayawardane Lt Col WMNKD Bandara RWP RSP Dr (Mrs) WCDK Fernando Lt Col AK Peiris RSP Dr KMG Prasanna Premadasa Capt MP Rathnayake Dr CC Jayasundara Ms WB Senaratne Dr (Ms) ADM Gunasekara Ms ND Ranasinghe
SESSION PRESIDENT Dr WCDK Fernando
Session COORDINATORS
Dr TWKIM Dias Capt PWMK Perera Capt DMACDP Abeywickrama Ms Dulani Kuruppu
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 3 ABSTRACTS
Senior Editorial Board Mr WAAK Amaratunga: President Col JMC Jayaweera psc Senior Professor WD Ratnasooriya Capt JU Gunaseela USP psc Senior Professor JR Lucas Capt (E) KMD Senevirathne Senior Professor ND Warnasuriya Lt Col RA Samaranayke USP psc Senior Professor (Mrs) SR De A Seneviratne Lt Col (Dr) MDAS Gunatilleke Senior Professor Amal Jayawandane Senior Professor (Mrs) BMR Fernandopulle Senior Professor MHR Sheriff Senior Professor ALS Mendis Senior Professor RN Pathirana Senior Professor TR Weerasooriya Senior Professor (Mrs) N De Silva Senior Professor PR Fernando Professor SS Wickramasuriya Professor W Abeywickrame Professor J Welihinda Professor E C S Vidyasekara Professor (Mrs) IJ Dayawansa Professor (Mrs) CL Goonasekara Professor KN Pulasinghe Dr (Mrs) RMNT Sirisoma Dr (Mrs) LS Liyanage Ms JADUN Jayasuriya Ms DDL Willarachchi Mr V Alagaratnam
SESSION EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Dr NK Gunasekara Dr RMPS Bandara
4 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Content
Page 10 Message From the Secretary to the Ministry of Defence
11 Message from the Vice Chancellor 12 Message from the Conference Chair
13 Message from the Session President
Plenary Session
Airborne Measurement – Advanced Instrument Development Methods and 15 Insight Prof Nicholas Lawson
16 Technical and Nontechnical Effects of Road Signing and Markings Dr Jayalath Edirisinghe Engineering Research for a Better Country, Beyond the Seeing Eyes 17 Prof Chandima Gomes
18 Uplifting Quality of Living of Physically Weak Individuals: Role of Power Assist Robot Systems Prof Ruwan Gopura Technical Session – Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering
20 Method to Develop Novel Digital Video Surveillance Features to Enhance Home and Business Security Management C Erandith, RPC Erandith and RL Dangalla Development of a Budget Roof Fairing Using a CFD Analysis of Different Roof 21 Fairing Shapes HD Wickramasinghe, WAIS Jayawardana, THDD Wijerathne and SLMD Rangajeewa
22 Design and Development of a Flying Object for Inspection and Cleaning of Distri- bution Power Lines in Sri Lanka KKV Gunawardana, U Hemapala and B Jayasekara
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 5 ABSTRACTS
Content
Page 23 Impact of Human Factors on Airline Overall Maintenance Effectiveness: An Analy- sis of Major Aircraft Operators in Sri Lanka SH Munna, MA Hossain, KP Yapa and JI Abeygoonawardene
24 Optimal Crew Planning through Variable Capacity Assignment for Commercial Aircraft Flight Line Maintenance WTS Rodrigo Technical Session – Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
25 Light Interface for 3D Hand Motional Gesture Recognition in Human Computer Interaction LP Kalansooriya and AMC Priyashantha
26 Early Warning System for Land Slides Using Wireless Sensor Networks DKP Perera, MKK Munasinghe, WMCM Rajakaruna, BGE Priyanwada and PN Karunanayaka
27 Low Cost Real Time Temperature Monitoring System for Concrete Using Wireless Sensors K Thiruvasagar, P Banugoban, P Vishnu, KJC Kumara and CSL Lewangamage
28 Investigate the Necessity of Use of Nuclear Power as an Energy Source in Sri Lanka with Special Concern on Present Nuclear Trend BARS Bamunusinghe Technical Session – Biomedical Engineering
29 Smart Device for Close Monitoring in Elder Care SR Hewarajage, AMC Priyashantha, KN Rathugamage, MVPK Vithanage and M Viththahan
30 Eigenfaces Based Face Recognition Device for Visually Impaired People R Dishanth, MTM Rihan and S Thushan Comparison on Virus Dynamics Models with Different Functional Responses 31 Including Time Delays MKS Mendis and NS Rathnayaka
6 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Content
Page 32 A Computer-Based Analysis of Acoustic Properties of Sri Lankan Pirith Chants Using Voiced to Unvoiced Ratio and Probability Distribution Functions C Gunawardana and S Gamage
33 A Unit Cell Approach to Reduce Computational Time of Meshfree Based Plant Tissue Models PHK Gamage, AKCI Kodithuwakku, S Baduge and HCP Karunasena Braille Blood Pressure Reader for Home Blood Pressure Measurement for Visually 34 Challenged Individuals AS Warnakulasuriya, SD Karunarathna and PCR Karunasekara Technical Session – Civil Engineering
35 Evaluating the Existing Conditions of Borupana Road and Identifying Measures to Reduce the Traffic Congestion BMN Mendis and TWKIM Dias
36 Factors Affecting Pedestrian Visibility at Night Time for Motor Cyclists HMIWB Herath and TWKIM Dias
37 Introducing a New Traffic Operational Strategy to Minimize Congestion on Galle Road; Dehiwala – Wellawatta KDP Damsara, WMGD Weerasekara, RMNT Sirisoma and TWKIM Dias
38 Feasibility Study for a Shuttle System on Kandawala Road from KDU to Galle Road TMNO Thennakoon and TWKIM Dias
Characterization of Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality in Terms of Non-Methane 39 Hydrocarbons of Sri Lanka GVL Subodhini, RNR Jayarathne, TANT Perera and GY Jayasinghe
40 Influence of Vertical Greeneries to Gain Marks in Green Rating Systems for Multi-Storied Buildings in Sri Lankan Context MCL Peiris, AH Lakmal and R Chandratilake
41 Seeking Professional Excellence in Water Management: Case Study on Trincomalee Water Supply Scheme EMPWME Werapitiya
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 7 ABSTRACTS
Content
Page 42 Time-Series Analysis of Monthly Rainfall Data for the Nuwara-Eliya District, Sri Lanka NM Udumulla, MGA K Madhubashini, NM Hakmanage, IM Sandaruwani, DDM Jayasundara and RMKT Rathnayaka
43 Use of Activated Carbon (AC) to Filter Wastewater to Treat Landfill Leachate. NP Seneviratne and MB Samarakoon Poster Presentations
45 Novel Heating Sustainable Automated Two-Way Valve for Re-Utilization of Automobile or Fabric Industry Waste Heat YAA Kumarayapa and JHWDB Jayathilake
46 Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal on Soil and Water Quality: A Case Study from Muthurajawela Wetland SM Wickramasinghe, SADSS Maheepala, RUK Piyadasa and GY Jayasinghe
47 Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Drinking Water Quality in Selected DS Divisions - Hambanthota District AGL Chathuranga, TANT Perera, PMCS De Silvaand and GY Jayasinghe
48 Urbanization and Solid Waste Management Challenges a Review of Literature SPR Dissanayake and H Premarathne
49 Redesigning the Kandawala Road to Improve the Flow of Traffic and Increase its Level of Service HOC Vidyananda, MT Gunasekara, KCS Gunarathna and TWKIM Dias
50 Application of Construction Programme in Project Scheduling of Major Building Construction in Sri Lanka MHM Azeem and MD Rathnayake
51 Greywater Treatment for Reusing in Bathrooms TMWRMB Samarakoon, GVSS Vithanage and NM De A Abeysinghe
52 Sustainable Water Supply Management System for Army Cantonment Panagoda EADP Edirisinghe and S Bogahawatte
8 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Content
Page 53 Towards Sustainable Practices: Priorities Implementation for Challenges in Construction S Vijayaragunathan Upper Limb Motion Recognition Based on Electromyography Signals (EMG) and 54 Support Vector Machine (SVM) JMAD Jayasinghe and RL Dangalla A Review on Ultrasound Image Pre-Processing, Segmentation and Compression 55 for Enhanced Image Storage and Transmission BRMGWUB Balagalla, SAAM Subasinghe and C De Alwis
56 Shipboard Vibration Data Analysis as an Effective Monitoring Tool in Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) for Sri Lanka Navy DMPM Dasanayaka and PABAR Perera
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 9 ABSTRACTS
Message from the Secretary to the Ministry of Defence
It is with great pleasure that I am issuing this international intelligentsia to congregate, confer message to the International Research Conference and disseminate knowledge. I am sure that, 2018 of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence under this year’s theme, securing professional University (KDU) as the Secretary to the Ministry excellence through collaboration, the conference of Defence and the ex-officio Chairman of the will encompass a wide range of topics that are of Board of Management, KDU. utmost benefit for potential scientific and socio economic advancement in Sri Lanka. I wish to place on record my sincere appreciation to KDU for playing a leading role in molding the While expecting to see great minds from all over future of the military as well as civilian youth who the world meet and share their thoughts and are in pursuit of high quality tertiary education knowledge at this event, once again I express my in Sri Lanka. Today, KDU has gained recognition sincere appreciation to the Vice Chancellor and as an excellent seat of learning and disseminating KDU staff for the enthusiasm and commitment knowledge that empowers attitudes and develops shown towards making this scholarly experience skills of the young graduates. It also contributes a memorable one for its participants. immensely to the much needed research and innovation. I wish that this international research conference would be highly productive for all participants KDU IRC is an annual event in its calendar eagerly – a conference that enriches the much needed anticipated by many due to the significance it research culture to ensure the nation’s growth holds in providing a platform for both local and enabling to face its future challenges.
Kapila Waidyaratne President’s Counsel Secretary
10 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
MESSAGE FROM THE VICE CHANCELLOR
I am delighted that we have been able to organize tri-services and the police, thus making our the 11th International Research Conference of conference the only research conference in Sri General Sir John Kotelawala Defence Univeresity Lanka that brings together civilian professionals (KDU IRC – 2018) conducted on the overarching and their counterparts in security forces. theme, “Securing Professional Excellence through Collaboration” and convened over two days, What is special about this conference is that the 13th and 14th September 2018 at the university research papers are automatically uploaded to premises. Hence, it is with great pride that I pen Google Scholar with H-Index Citations. The down my thoughts on this Abstract Book of KDU best papers are published in journals and others IRC-2018. as proceedings. In addition, provision is given for live telecast of oral presentations through KDU IRC-2018 is a world class forum that YouTube, and presentations on Skype, for brings professionals and researchers of various international authors. The plenary sessions, disciplines to a common platform to disseminate pre/post-conference workshops and oral and their valuable research findings. They are able poster presentations, would no doubt generate to present, discuss and deliberate their research productive discussion and constructive criticism findings with peers and experts, both local which would in return instigate thoughts for and international, as well as engage in lively development in future. discussions on contemporary matters. The resource personnel of the conference are eminent I wish to record our gratitude to the Ministry Sri Lankan and foreign researchers, academics of Science, Technology and Research and the and professionals with international recognition National Science Foundation, not forgetting the including those of our own staff at KDU. Ministry of Defence, for their consistent support in co-organizing our conference, and my sincere We are proud to have internationally eminent, appreciation of the academic and administrative Sri Lankan born scientists, such as, Prof. Mohan staff of KDU together with our well-wishers for Munasinghe and Dr. Sarath D. Gunapala, as guest their invaluable contribution towards the success speakers at the inauguration of the conference. of this mammoth event. They have made our motherland proud in the international arena as renowned experts and Finally, I wish you, the presenters, good luck with intellectuals in their respective fields. Further, your scholarly presentations at KDU IRC-2018 this conference is enriched with the participation and the participants a memorable and thought of many local and foreign academics in varied provoking experience. disciplines; along with personnel from the
JJ Ranasinghe VSV, USP, psc, MSc (DS) Mgt Rear Admiral Vice Chancellor
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11 ABSTRACTS
MESSAGE FROM THE CONFERENCE CHAIR
On behalf of the Executive Committee, I am consisting of experts who would shed light honoured and delighted to welcome you to on research and issues. In addition, this is an the 11th International Research Conference of opportunity for undergraduates, researchers General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University and practitioners to share their research (KDU IRC-2018); bearing the theme, Securing and contribution towards the success of the Professional Excellence through Collaboration. respective professions, through oral and poster Over the past 11 years, KDU IRC has grown to presentations. be a major international research conference, continuing with its tradition of high-quality and The successful organization of KDU IRC -2018 broad international participation in all areas required the talents, dedication and invaluable of research. Hence, it is a pride and honour to time of many academic and administrative staff preside over this prestigious research conference of KDU, volunteers and strong support from our in Sri Lanka. sponsors; the Ministry of Science, Technology and Research, and the Ministry of Telecommunication, I am very pleased to welcome you to KDU IRC- Digital Infrastructure & Foreign Employment. 2018 which is based on fundamental concerns to all Special gratitude and appreciation goes to the scientists and non-scientists alike. This conference Presidents, Coordinators and the members of the also enables the exchange and dissemination of numerous committees of the faculties. Without useful information on multilateral initiatives. their wise advices and suggestions; outstanding Therefore in bringing us together, KDU IRC -2018 organization, planning and performance, we allows to seek out and forge new partnerships, would not have had such an excellent conference. and to engage relevant sectors in advancing the social and economic well-being of mankind. I hope KDU IRC -2018 would offer the participants a platform to exchange ideas, discover novel KDU is gratified to have a line-up of highly opportunities, reacquaint with colleagues, meet renowned keynote and plenary speakers new friends and broaden their knowledge.
Dr Upali Rajapaksha Conference Chair 11th International Research Conference
12 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Message from the Session President
It is with great pleasure that I deliver this opportunity for scholars and professionals to message for the Engineering Session of the 11th share various innovations and research findings International Research Conference of General Sir and thus the participants will be able to gather John Kotelawala Defence University, which is vital information and learn from one another on conducted on the theme “Engineering Excellence different strategies how to secure engineering Through Collaborative Research and Innovation”. excellence in the future. I am confident that The Conference will provide a sound platform this session will provide significant insights to discuss issues and challenges encountered and contributions on different research and by Engineers in the present environment, and it innovation in the field of engineering. This will, will also provide inputs for developments in the no doubt, also be of considerable benefit for a global sector. better Sri Lanka.
The conference places great emphasis on bringing At the Engineering Plenary Session, the guest in more and more research articles that address speakers will share the technical know-how to issues in a wide range of Engineering fields. The add further value to this timely conference. On variety of papers cover a broad range of more the second day, five Technical Sessions, followed specialized fields of engineering. The significance by a Poster Session will give ample opportunities of the session has been endorsed by progressive for participants to get insights into a wide variety increment of papers submitted by researchers of engineering research and innovation. from various institutions. I would like to thank all session chairs, guest Engineering is always facing numerous speakers and authors for their immense challenges of its own, and hence it is really contribution and my sincere appreciation goes needed to enhance the focus on innovation. This to conference organizers and faculty members Engineering session is an attempt to analyze those for their dedication and hard work to make this challenges. This session will also provide a great event a success. I hope that everyone will enjoy a stimulating and productive conference, IRC 2018. Eng (Dr) WCDK Fernando President Engineering
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 13 Plenary Session ABSTRACTS
Airborne Measurement – Advanced Instrument Development Methods and Insight
Prof Nicholas Lawson Professor in Aerodynamics and Airborne Measurement National Flying Laboratory Centre, Cranfield University, UK
Airborne measurement is required in many fields examples of new approaches, which are used to of aerospace, ranging from aircraft development refine a number of airborne instruments, including and flight test, to atmospheric sciences. It the measurement of sideslip angle and angle of involves the use of aircraft mounted instruments attack using traditional instruments and strain to measure quantities ranging from simple and pressure using advanced fibre optic sensors. parameters such as pressure and airspeed, to more An example of the application of these methods complex quantities such as atmospheric aerosols to aerosol measurement is also discussed. In most and solids. Although well-established traditional cases, it is concluded instruments can be readily methods are available to design instruments in and quickly refined using these new techniques, the airborne environment, the application of including computational fluid dynamics and new new advanced methods and sensors to refine sensors also offer potential improvements in the instrument design, has seen slow adoption by measurement of many airborne measurands. most of these fields. The following paper presents
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 15 ABSTRACTS
Technical and Nontechnical Effects of Road Signing and Markings
Dr Jayalath Edirisinghe Head & Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Highways play an important role for an the importance of road signing and markings on economic and social development of a country. roads to control driver behavior as well as guide Due to various technical developments many drivers because it is vital for efficient function of improvements introduced to highways as well as newly constructed roads. transportation section contributed to increase the average speed of moving vehicles along roads. Road signing and markings improved during For the same reason, time to make decisions while last decades with numerous technical and driving also reduced considerably. psychological concepts. Materials used, new concepts to address driver attitude, control Different kinds of driver assistance systems misbehavior of drivers were few to mention. evolved to improve the efficiency as well as safety Modern road signing and markings are there to on roads. Road signing and markings together control drivers mentally as well as physically. with new rules and regulations were introduced at To have the expected benefits of newly built different stages to fulfill the above requirements. roads, these road signings and markings play a The purpose of this presentation is to highlight very important role.
16 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Engineering Research for a better country, beyond the seeing eyes
Prof Chandima Gomes Professor in Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
A country invests in universities and research researchers, even in the field of engineering, institutes in developing the know-how for tends to work in their own comfort zones rather development and seeking solutions to the issues at than looking for the needs of the nation. Until national level, rather than providing employment this psyche of the research community is totally to her adult population. Out of many such higher amended, a country will remain underdeveloped education streams “engineering” is specifically with the self-pacifying label of “a developing designed to produce experts that could address country”. A nation that is prepared to get away technological needs with short- and medium- from this vicious path needs to build up a clear term solutions. Thus, an engineer is expected to vision and mission that is well-tailored for the keep his eyes open to start from a real problem, country of concern. Framing the vision is anyone’s then march towards the best potential solution, job but strategizing the mission is for someone in the shortest possible time. However, in many with high intellectual capacity. so-called “developing countries” a majority of
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 17 ABSTRACTS
Uplifting Quality of Living of Physically Weak Individuals: Role of Power Assist Robot Systems
Prof Ruwan Gopura Head of the Department Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
In the world today, a considerable number physically weak people in numerous ways. An of persons have become physically weak as exoskeleton robot is a power assist robotic system a result of full or partial loss of functions in which can be used to rehabilitate patients or assist upper and lower limbs. The common reasons limbs of physically weak individuals to carry out for occurrence of such weaknesses are trauma, activities of daily living. Bionics Laboratory of sports injuries, occupational injuries, spinal cord University of Moratuwa is developing exoskeleton injuries, strokes, congenital disorders, and aging. robots to assist physically weak people. This The healthcare industry is facing major issues in talk will outline selected recent developments providing support for activities of daily living of in power assist robot systems. Compatible the physically weak individuals. Moreover, the mechanisms developed at the Bionics Laboratory diminishing working population also affect the of University of Moratuwa for the lower limb socio-economic growth of the country. In this exoskeleton robots will also be introduced. Future situation, power assist robot systems play an directions of the power assist robot systems are important role to uplift the quality of living of also discussed considering the recent studies.
18 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE Technical Sessions ABSTRACTS
Method to Develop Novel Digital Video Surveillance Features to Enhance Home and Business Security Management
RPC Erandith1 and RL Dangalla2 Department of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka [email protected]
Human detection in images and videos have been security algorithm calculates specific threshold one of the most challenging and important research value. The threshold value concludes the image topics in computer vision and machine learning. frame as the specific human. The system creates A security application for automatic human a log file, wrote count of detected human objects, detection using video streams from surveillance date and time. This video surveillance security cameras in home and business places is discussed method was developed using OpenCV that detect in this paper. The main objective of this study was people’s basic postures and immediately send an to identify the object motions in real-time video email and a message to the user. This system is surveillance and identified information send an proposed as a novel feature of digital surveillance alert message to the user. The proposed prototype to be used for security purposes to record was used to capture foreground image frames unauthorized physical access, and to detect and and detect objects using background subtraction identify relevant objects. algorithm. The shape-based object classification was used to differentiate human objects from Keywords: Background subtraction, Haar-Like other objects. Three Haar-Like classifiers; classifier, Human detection, Video surveillance Head and shoulder, Upper body and Full body classifiers are used to abstract the human features on real-time image frames. The video surveillance
20 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Development of a Budget Roof Fairing using a CFD Analysis of Different Roof Fairing Shapes
HD Wickramasinghe1, WAIS Jayawardana2, THDD Wijerathne3 and SLMD Rangajeewa4 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Semi-trailer trucks are commonly used in Sri simulations were done using three truck speeds Lanka for long distance transportation. These which were 30, 60 and 100 kilometres per hour. trucks are subjected to an unfavourable high drag The efficiency of each roof fairing was analyzed which makes a huge impact in fuel consumption. during the post-processing phase after the In order to reduce this drag, semi-trailer truck estimation of the coefficient of drag values. cabins are implemented with a roof fairing Effect of other coefficients such as coefficient of which provides a perfect air flow over the entire lift and moment were also considered during the vehicle. Purpose of this research was to evaluate analysis. Results which were achieved through the efficiency in drag reduction of different roof the simulations illustrated a drag reduction excess fairing shapes by conducting a computational of 10-25% due to the impact of the geometry and fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Simulations were the deflection angles of the roof fairing. Based on done on a 1:1 scaled semi-trailer truck model the analysis, an effective roof fairing shape was which was modelled using the blueprint of a proposed which can be manufactured at a lower commonly used truck model in Sri Lanka. Initial cost compared to the roof fairing shapes that simulation was done without the roof fairing are available in Sri Lanka. Final outcome of this and results were compared with the values of research will be helpful for designers to design coefficient of drag provided by the manufacturer more effective roof fairings for semi-trailer trucks to improve the accuracy of the research. Different with improved drag reduction. roof fairing shapes were then modelled and attached to above mentioned cabin model and Keywords: CFD, Drag Reduction, Wind Shield CFD simulations were performed. Subsequent
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 21 ABSTRACTS
Design and development of a flying object for inspection and cleaning of distribution power lines in Sri Lanka
KKV Gunawardana1, U Hemapala2, and B Jayasekara3 1Sri Lanka Air Force Base, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka 2,3Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Inspection, detection and cleaning are essential test results of flying, video transmitting and for the maintenance of distribution power lines receiving performances of the Quadcopter. (DPL). Developed countries use helicopters Design of the system architecture of the model and unmanned automated vehicles (UAVs) for aircraft encompasses a flight control system, this purpose. Helicopter usage is efficient but Xbee module, inspection camera and a robot arm. costly, ineffective and affordable for developing The flight control system was tested by practical countries. Manual inspection and cleaning is demonstration. Flying route was recorded from the current method used in Sri Lanka. Most the ground station. The inspection system was research on UAVs in the developing world are tested by the visual images transmitted to the at experimental level; practical appliances have ground station. The Quadcopter demonstrated been slightly neglected. It is possible to use UAVs safe flying. Minor errors caused in inspection and to inspect, detect and rectify the issues occur detecting may be due to sudden winds, poor GPS in DPLs in Sri Lanka. This method can reduce signals or electromagnetic interference. Testing of costs, risks and the logistic problems of manual the robot arm is still underway. Upon completion inspection and cleaning of DPLs. Aim of the main of the experiment this Quadcopter can be used project was to design and develop an Unmanned in Sri Lanka to detect contaminations and clean Automated Flying Object (with a Robot Arm) and DPLs. test its’ applicability in inspection and cleaning of DPLs in Sri Lankan context. This paper describes Keywords: Unmanned Automated Vehicle the design of the model aircraft and preliminary (UAV), Quadcopter, Distribution power lines (DPL), Inspection, Cleaning
22 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Impact of Human Factors on Airline Overall Maintenance Effectiveness: An Analysis of Major Aircraft Operators in Sri Lanka
SH Munna1, MA Hossain2, KP Yapa3 and JI Abeygoonawardene4 1,2,3,4Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka 4 [email protected]
Skill based error and mistakes form a significant Quantitative and qualitative analysis of data part of the effect of aviation human factors as far as was conducted. Quantitative analysis was done maintenance is concerned. Many air and ground using SPSS software and comparisons were made incidents have been traced back to have occurred between different indicators such as workplace due to lapses that occurred during handling design, fatigue, routine violations etc. and maintenance of aircraft, which resulted in such human errors. Proper identification of It was found that mistakes amount to a higher the possibility of such mistakes and errors to percentage of errors caused, whilst skill- occur in a given maintenance environment and based errors have a significant contribution finding steps to mitigate the same is crucial in as well. Identification of the probable causes order to increase the effectiveness of the airline’s and prevailing condition of human factor maintenance programme. This research focused contributions to maintenance effectiveness will on the maintenance environments of two of Sri provide insight to the respective organization Lanka’s leading aircraft operators. For diversity, to find better solutions to overcome existing a civil and military maintenance organization was shortcomings. selected. Information was gathered by means of a structured questionnaire and existing records Keywords: Human factors, Mistakes, of aircraft related incidents and occurrences. Maintenance effectiveness, Skill Based errors.
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 23 ABSTRACTS
Optimal crew planning through variable capacity assignment for commercial aircraft flight line maintenance
Thusitha Rodrigo Huazhong University of Science and Technology Peoples Republic of China [email protected]
Crew planning and scheduling is researched in such a way that it can accommodate different intensively as it affects the aviation operational types of aircraft with different maintenance costs substantially. Maintenance crew planning is certifications. This optimal framework would an integral part of the same, where less emphasis enable aircraft maintenance planners to identify is paid compared to flying crew scheduling. most appropriate combinations of crew sizes, This paper presents an optimal framework for shift patterns and respective shift staring times to commercial aircraft flight line maintenance labour fulfil varying maintenance demand. planning. A mathematical model combined with a management framework named “variable Keywords: Line maintenance, Manpower crew assignment” is used to discover optimal planning, Integer Programming, Variable crew crew combinations, shift sizes and shift starting assignment times. Maintenance workforce is used as the main variable and is applied variably to suit the fluctuating demand. The framework is articulated
24 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Light Interface for 3D Hand Motional Gesture Recognition in Human Computer Interaction
LP Kalansooriya1 and AMC Priyashantha2 1Faculty of Computing, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka 2Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Hand gestures play a significant role in Human- device, which convert light various intensities into Computer Interaction (HCI) where traditional voltages. Through programming and Machine interaction method like Keyboard, Mouse or Learning techniques, the proposed method Joystick induce stress and fatigue to the user able to identify the gestural aspect of the hand. when interacting with computing environments. The technique able to overcome the problems Technique like smart wearable glove, able to like background conditions, proper exposure capture gestures more accurately compare to towards the camera, start/stop aspect of the image- based recognition but it disturbs the gesture and noise in image based HCI techniques. user’s way of living. In this proposed light-based By continuous processing of IR reflections, technique, simple motions of a hand like up, down, the method able to identify various hand 3D left, right, combine fingers motion like zoom in, motional gestures with easily compare to direct zoom out, left rotation, right rotation, forward & and indirect based interaction techniques. The Backward will be interfere with light-medium. technique easily able to customize for different The reflections of light from hand motional actions users’ requirements and different environment capture to process as interaction into computing to support human Computer Interaction. Further, environment. The technique, interact user’s this method supports simultaneous multiple user hand motion with Infrared (IR) light medium. 3D interaction with the computing environment. And through an array of Photodetectors (IR), the reflected light intensity measure to extract various Keywords: Hand Gestures, Light-medium, distances from the array to hand and fingers. The Interaction, IR, Customize sensor array directly coupled with the processing
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 25 ABSTRACTS
Early Warning System for Landslides Using Wireless Sensor Networks
DKP Perera1, MKK Munasinghe2, WMC M.Rajakaruna3, BGE Priyanwada4, and PN Karunanayake5 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Landslides are main problem which occurs in simple wireless sensor network which is capable many areas in Sri Lanka. It causes a considerable of identifying the underground movements damage to the natural habitat, environment, and soil conditions is a cost effective, practical economy and other resources. Monitoring, solution. But, dealing with a large number of predicting and controlling are the three major variables manually with no proper understanding challenges associated with landslides due to the about their contribution for the occurrence of a randomness of the event. Yet, developing an landslide is difficult. Machine learning, which accurate prediction mechanism with an effective is a method used to create complex models and early warning system has become a need of the algorithms that lend themselves to predict; is hour since the damages and the losses done by a fruitful solution for that issue. This research the landslides are intolerable. Although there work is carried out to develop a cost-effective are expensive, advanced mechanisms deployed early warning system for land slide using WSNs in foreign countries to predict the possibility of incorporating machine learning. occurring landslides such as; satellites and radar systems with artificial intelligence capabilities, Sri Keywords: Wireless sensor network, Machine Lanka find it difficult to afford them due to the high Learning, Landslide Prediction, Early Warning cost and the advanced technologies used. When compared with the existing high-end systems, a
26 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Low Cost Real Time Temperature Monitoring System for Concrete using Wireless Sensors
K Thiruvasagar1, P Banugoban2, P Vishnu3, KJC Kumara4 and CS Lewangamage5 1,2,3, 5Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka 4Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become real time using ThingSpeakTM which is an open an inevitable part in a life span of a structure due IoT online platform with MATLAB analytics. to its potential to ensure the public safety and to The temperature sensor DS18B20 was selected increase the life span of the structure. Monitoring such that it is suitable to measure temperature any kind of structures for various parameters, readings of the concrete without any interference using wireless smart sensors has gained of the chemical reactions in concrete. Calibration popularity in the recent past. This paper discusses methods and temperature variation with different the development of low cost real time wireless concrete mixes are also discussed. It could be seen smart sensor monitoring system to monitor early that wireless temperature monitoring system age concrete temperature in real time. Internal performed adequately, and it can be considered temperature of two standard size concrete cubes as a better low cost alternative for traditional cast using two concrete mixes (Mix1, Mix2) were wired temperature monitoring system. measured in real time for 24 hours using DS18B20 sensors connected with the NodeMcu, which Keywords: Structural Health Monitoring, is an open source IoT platform. Temperature Wireless smart sensors, Wireless temperature measurements were saved and visualized in monitoring system, Concrete, low cost.
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 27 ABSTRACTS
Investigate the Necessity of use of Nuclear Power as an Energy Source in Sri Lanka with Special Concern on Present Nuclear Trend
BARS Bamunusinghe Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
The escalation of electricity demand in a country energy industry. Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) has become an unavoidable factor. Technological has included their proposal to consider nuclear development and raising people’s living power plant (NPP) in Sri Lanka after 2030. The standards are the main reasons for increasing higher plant factor, capacity, efficiency, reliability, electricity demand. Electricity demand in Sri zero or less emissions of greenhouse gases are Lanka has grown at an annual rate of about 6% the advantages of NPP while high capital and over the past ten years. Therefore, it is important maintenance cost, complexity of technology, to increase the total installed capacity through possible radiation threat are main disadvantages appropriate power generation combinations. of NPPs. Political, social, environmental, cultural Clean, reliable, affordable, balanced and and economic bottlenecks are mainly connected sustainable energy structure by giving priority for with complexity of technology. There are many renewable energy generation while minimizing technologies being used for NPPs, but most of the contribution of diesel and coal is the strategy them are more complex, costly and accidents- of Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL). The prone. This research examines the necessity of unreliability of renewable energy sources such nuclear energy to Sri Lanka with special concern as solar, wind and hydropower questions their on nuclear trends which are growing in Sri Lanka contribution to sustainable energy mix. Concerns and all over the world favourably with nuclear about environmental issues have limited the technology. development of fossil fuel power plants. Hence, Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) can be considered Keywords: Nuclear Power, Energy mix as strong and competitive candidate in Sri Lankan
28 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
SMART DEVICE FOR CLOSE-MONITORING IN ELDER CARE
AMC Priyashantha1, SR Hewarajage2, KN Rathugamage3, MVPK Vithanage4, and M Viththahan5 General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Elder care is an area in modern society where are highly important for diagnosis procedure a series of issues are encountered. There is a by doctors. In the same way this parameter can feasibility to find solutions pertaining to the be obtained via telemedicine even though the issues of elder care by using wearable sensors and doctor is a long distance away from the patient. telemonitoring devices. This paper will discuss Further, elder care service providers can monitor monitoring of critical diagnosis parameters of many elders from a long distance by checking the elders who are bedridden using Internet of critical environmental factors such temperature, Things (IOT). A survey was conducted to identify humidity and fall detection by using IOT. All the environmental factors which affect the elder these requirements can be fulfilled by confining care service and the management of sudden all sensors in a wearable jacket. accident and making alarm under conditions of emergency. It was identified from the survey that Keywords: Eldercare, IOT, Wearable Sensors blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, heart rhythm and Electro Cardio Graph (ECG)
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 29 ABSTRACTS
Eigenfaces-Based Face Recognition Device for Visually Impaired People
R Dishanth1, M T M Rihan2, and S Thushan3 1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced Technological Education(SLIATE), Sri Lanka 2Department of Electronics, Communication and Computer Engineering, Institute of Engineers Sri Lanka College of Engineering (IESLCE), Sri Lanka 3Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka [email protected]
This paper proposes to develop an embedded Haar Features for face recognition and principle system-based instrument for visually impaired.It component analysis (PCA), Eigenfaces for face is a wearable device in the form of a badge holder detection and python text to speech library used of the patent which is designed using Raspberry for audio output. The simulation considered Pi in addition to visual and hearing sensor. This the recognition of a static facial image (photo) system works to detect the human faces. With this and a live facial image. The results showed that help user can identify the person in front of the the Eigen face algorithm and Viola–Jones object vision sensor. Python programming and OpenCV detection framework perform better. It has a computer vision and machine learning library small recognition time and work properly under was used to simulate a system that aids the different face orientation. This system is beneficial blind person to recognize his family and friend’s in terms of its portability, low cost, low power facial images that are stored in a database, and consumption. if a match is found on the database, the system will announce the name of the person via sound Keywords: Visually impaired, Computer vision, sensor to the blind person. Further, for this system Haar features, Eigenfaces, PCA, Raspberry pi, modelling we used various algorithms, Viola– Open CV Jones object detection framework as known as
30 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Comparison on Virus Dynamics Models with Different Functional Responses including Time Delays
MKS Mendis1 and NS Rathnayake2 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University. 2Department of Mathematics, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University. [email protected]
A virus can be identified as an infectious carrying out numerical simulations through mediator consisting a core of genetic material literature reported parameter values, the effect of and an envelope of protein. The behavior of intracellular and maturation time delays on the viruses can be modelled through mathematics, corresponding reproductive rate of each model and those viral dynamics can consist a class of was analyzed. Since a reproductive rate, less than differential equations which describe the effect unity represents an infection free host, the primary of the virus on uninfected and infected cells, target of the treatments for viral infections is to in a body compartment over a period of time. decrease the reproductive rate as possible. The Even though many mathematical models have graphical representation showed that the model been proposed for various viral infections, a with Beddignton-DeAngelis functional response, proper assessment on them has not been done possessed a greater capacity in reducing R0, with throughout the literature. In this paper, dynamics the effect of time delays. This qualitative analysis models with bilinear, Michaelis – Menten, on models will have the capability to give the saturated and Beddignton-DeAngelis functional drug producers more significant guidance in responses have been compared, with respective recognizing the most appropriate viral dynamics to the time delays and the basic reproductive rate model.
(R0). For the considered models, the populations of uninfected cells, infected cells and free virus Keywords: Viral dynamics, Delay differential, were calculated to find solutions for respective Reproductive rate infection free and infected equilibriums. By
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 31 ABSTRACTS
A Computer-Based Analysis of Acoustic Properties of Sri Lankan Pirith Chants Using Voiced to Unvoiced Ratio and Probability Distribution Functions
C Gunawardana1 and S Gamage2 Department of Physics, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘Pirith’ is a special type of chanting believed to analysis was used with hamming windows and be a protective doctrine preached by the Load liner predictive coding (LPC) and auto correlation Buddha in Pali language. Generally, a voice to extract the formant values. Voiced to unvoiced
signal consists of the fundamental frequency,F0 ratio is assessed using zero crossing rate and and a series of harmonic frequencies called as energy content of the acoustic signal. Results
formants, Fn. As reported by several other studies, of the Voiced to Unvoiced ratio wasover 75% characteristic formant frequency distributions of voiced frames in all types of Suttas despite are identified in chanting, in contrast to normal number of monks involved in chanting. Having a speaking. This work is dedicated to developing high percentage of voiced frames, interpret strong a phonetic picture on Pirith chants, investigating contribution of vibrating vocal folds involved in probability distribution of formants and chanting of Pirith Suttas. Further, Probability quantifying voiced to unvoiced ratio utilizing Distribution Functions (PDFs) of each Sutta is computer-aided tools. In this study, 25 samples of generated and compared for first five formants. each Rathana, Karaneeya Metta and Angulimala Angulimala Sutta and Ratana Sutta show similar Suttas recited by male monk chanters were patterns in terms of PDFs while Karaneeya Metta recorded using high precision microphone array Sutta indicates a clear discrepancy demonstrating and then it was subjected to splitting of smaller a unique set of characteristics. voiced segments of frame length 10 ms sampling at a rate of 44.1 kHz. In the computational speech Keywords: Formant frequencies, Voiced to model, a pre-emphasis filter is applied to the unvoiced ratio, Probability distribution functions sampled time series of voiced segment to cancel out the effect of glottis. Then frame-by-frame
32 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
A Unit Cell Approach to Reduce Computational Time of Meshfree-Based Plant Tissue Models
PHK Gamage1, AKCI Kodithuwakku2, S Baduge3 and HCP Karunasena4 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. [email protected]
‘Plant tissue modelling and simulation has this research aimed to develop a meshfree-based become one of the popular research topics in the unit cell approach which can be used as a building field of computational mechanics. In this regard, block to model large tissues. Here, a novel Fixed numerous numerical modelling techniques Neighbourhood-based SPH (FN-SPH) method are being researched to study real tissue was involved to setup a unit cell representing mechanisms with the help of High Performance several real cells (seven cells here). Compared Computing (HPC). Among such numerical to the original tissue with seven cells, the tissue modelling techniques, meshfree methods have made out of the unit cell approach resulted in a higher capability, particularly in modelling approximately 80% of overall computational critical plant tissue deformations during drying. time reduction, highlighting the capability of this However, existing meshfree-based models are approach in reducing the computational cost in computationally expensive in modelling real simulating large-scale plant tissues. tissues made out of large number of cells, limiting their applications in the real world tissues Keywords: Fixed Neighbourhood based having thousands of cells. Such limitations are Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (FN-SPH), mainly due to the computationally inefficient High Performance Computing (HPC), Meshfree conventional neighbourhood treatment methods Methods, Numerical modelling, Plant tissues used in above numerical methods. Accordingly,
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 33 ABSTRACTS
Braille Blood Pressure Interpreter for Home Blood Pressure Measurement for Visually Challenged Individuals
AS Warnakulasuriya1, SD Karunarathna2 and PPCR Karunasekara3 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Hypertension has slowly secured its place as with regard to sensitive medical data. In place the severest disease burden in the world among of an exclusive and high cost blood pressure Global Burden of Diseases (GBD). Hypertension meter with Braille output, an external USB management programs which are employed compatible tactile interpreter has been proposed to control the disease have identified Home and implemented. Systolic and diastolic readings Blood Pressure Measurement (HBPM) to be isolated using a commercially available Device the most efficient blood pressure monitoring Monitoring Software, verifies that such a device tool to effectively control hypertension. This is indeed realizable with a micro-controller based paper presents an innovative, low cost and user tactile feedback system especially designed for friendly universal technological solution for the this purpose. visually challenged community who are seeking hypertension management programs without Keywords: Blood Pressure, Braille, Hypertension compromising the independency and privacy management, Visually impaired
34 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Evaluating the existing conditions of Borupana Road and identifying measures to reduce the traffic congestion therein
BMN Mendis1 and TWKIM Dias2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘Traffic congestion is a major problem in many Road after dividing the road into few sections. roads in Sri Lanka. In Colombo and main cities, With the aid of these traffic counts, the contribution this occurs during certain time periods. It has from each vehicle type towards the congestion been found that average speed of traffic within was identified. The effects from heavy vehicle and the Colombo Metropolitan Region has dropped the existing three-wheeler system towards the down to 20km/hr. This congestion mainly affects congestion was also identified through this study. the Sri Lankan economy as Colombo is the main Then, different LOS improvement scenarios economical center in Sri Lanka. This study took were tested on the Borupana Road. Finally, it into consideration the traffic congestion on was found that a four-lane road is required to Borupana Road, which is situated in Rathmalana carry the existing traffic on the Borupana Road. area in Colombo district. Current congestion on It is estimated that the four-lane road is sufficient Borupana Road is a critical problem during the for another 20 years with average annual traffic peak periods. Therefore, current (2017) Level of growth rate of 4%. Service (LOS) was evaluated in the course of this study and for that, few Manual Classified Traffic Keywords: Traffic congestion, Traffic counts, Counts (MCCs) were conducted on the Borupana Level of Service
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 35 ABSTRACTS
Factors Affecting Pedestrian Visibility at Night Time for Motor Cyclists
HMIWB Herath1 and TWKIM Dias2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘In Sri Lanka, most of the motorbike-pedestrian measured time duration and speed of the motor accidents happening in the night time are due bike. Experiment was carried out for constant to the insufficient visibility of pedestrians. Even speed of 30 kmph. Findings revealed that the though number of researches has been carried out rider’s pedestrian recognition distance is affected globally regarding improving pedestrian visibility strongly by the clothing colour of the pedestrian, at night for other vehicles, unfortunately few head light beam condition of the motor bike researches have been carried out for motor bikes. and rider’s age. Rider’s gender does not affect In this study, factors affecting the recognition of pedestrian recognition distance strongly. It was pedestrians at night such as clothing colour of also revealed that Black pedestrian clothing the pedestrian, rider’s age, rider’s gender and cannot be identified by the rider at a long distance head light beam condition of the motor bike are in comparison to other colours. Meanwhile, green considered. For this study white, black, green and red pedestrian clothing were identified in and red colours were considered as pedestrians average distances. Findings showed that white clothing colour and four age groups of riders can be identified by the rider at a longer distance were taken into account. Moreover, head light than any other selected colours. Furthermore, beam condition of the motor bike was also statistical models were derived for visibility regarded as head or dim. Experiment was carried distance in the functions of considered factors. out to find the visibility distances in relation to above mentioned factors and data collection Keywords: Pedestrian visibility, Road method was time duration method and visibility safety,Motorcyclists distances were calculated with the help of
36 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Introducing A New Traffic Operational Strategy to Minimize Congestion on Galle Road; Dehiwala – Wellawatta
KDP Damsara1, WMGD Weerasekara2, RMNT Sirisoma3 and TWKIM Dias4 1, 2, 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka 3Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘The increase in private traffic demand coupled completely. Even though Marine Drive has been with a number of issues such as reduced introduced as a solution for this traffic congestion, utilization of high occupancy vehicles, lack and has resulted in reducing traffic, it should be of capacity of public modes of transportation, optimized to take maximum advantages. Field and inefficient road capacity leads to highly observations and Level of Service estimations congested roads in Colombo city. Traffic control indicated that the level of utilization of Marine infrastructure has led to a degradation in the Drive to avoid traffic was poor. In this case, speed of vehicles on the roads of Colombo city, three proposals have been introduced by this resulting in higher operating costs for vehicles study and they are; structural design of Marine and greater congestion and pollution throughout Drive extension from Wellawatte to Dehiwala, the city. This study intended to suggest proposals bus route plan accompanied with re-routing of to reduce the traffic congestion on Galle road by long distance bus services and intersection plan introducing designing and planning strategies for Dehiwala junction. Findings and proposals ensuring optimum utilization of Marine Drive. of this project will be helpful to minimize traffic Level of Service (LOS) estimations on Galle congestion in Galle Road during peak times, at the Road and Marine Drive clearly indicated that the same time reducing the negative social, economic traffic condition in Galle Road in the section from and environmental impacts. Dehiwala to Wellawatte, was very poor during peak times. It can be seen that traffic control Keywords: Congestion, Traffic Management, measures that have already been undertaken, Marine Drive have not answered this traffic congestion problem
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 37 ABSTRACTS
Feasibility Study for a Shuttle System on Kandawala Road from Kotelawala Defence University to Galle Road
TMNO Thennakoon1 and TWKIM Dias2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘It cannot be denied that providing a proper Three-wheeler passengers were given special public transport mode to road users is essential. significance because the percentage of three- Shuttle bus service is an efficient transport mode wheelers in the traffic flow on Kandawala Road at present because of its reliability. In order to is visibly high. Public opinion was taken by a implement such a service on a certain road, a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 80. feasibility study should be done and such a The total demand was predicted according to necessity exists on Kandawala Road of Ratmalana, the counts and by the analysis of questionnaire Sri Lanka. Kandawala Road provides access to survey. Further, the bus schedule was prepared factories, warehouses and educational institutes according to the predicted demand to the shuttle including Kotelawala Defence University. Since service. Feasibility was then checked by the there is no public transport service on Kandawala predicted income and expenses to the service. Road, implementation of a shuttle service will Thus, the improvements were made by studying help for the betterment of transportation on that similar cases and nearby shuttle services in order road. In this research, a feasibility study was done to fulfill user satisfaction. The development of to inquire of a shuttle service from Kotelawala road LOS was shown with the reduction of traffic Defence University to Galle Road. Mainly, a by replacement of shuttle. count of pedestrians and passengers was needed and accordingly a Manual Classified Count Keywords: Shuttle service, Level of service, (MCC) and a pedestrian count was carried out. University bus service
38 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Characterization of Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality in Terms ofNon-Methane Hydrocarbons of Sri Lanka
GVL Subodhini1, RNR Jayarathne2, TANT Perera3 and GY Jayasinghe4 1,3,4Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna 2Air, Noise and Vibration Monitoring Unit, Central Environmental Authority, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Air pollution, both indoors and outdoors, is Design was use with 25 replicates. Experiment increasingly recognized as hazardous to public results revealed that highest concentrations health in the majority of developing countries. of NMHCs were reported in indoor locations, Indoor air pollution is primarily related with when compared to outdoor locations. During exposure to emissions from biomass combustion 11:00-13:00hrs showed 1.95 ppm of NMHCs which causes to generate hydrocarbons (methane concentration in indoor location and there was a - CH4 and non-methane - NMHCs) in developing significant difference when compared with 07:00- countries. Outdoor air pollution arises from 09:00 hrs (1.74 ppm)and 15:00-17:00 hrs (1.61 different sources, namely; stationary, mobile, ppm), respectively. Furthermore, semi urban and area emission sources. Consequently, this locations reported the highest significant average experiment was carried out with objectives to concentrations of NMHCs in indoor locations evaluate temporal and spatial emitted NMHC compared to all other three locations and rural concentrations from outdoor and indoor and locations given the lowest average amount of to find out reasons for their variations. Field NMHCs concentrations. Semi urban locations trials were carried out in four locations (urban, reported 39% of NMHCs increment compared to semi-urban, rural, and industrial) with three rural locations. Second and third average highest time durations (07:00-09:00hrs, 11:00-13:00hrs indoor concentrations of NMHCs were given by and 15:00-17:00hrs) for indoor and outdoor industrial and urban locations, respectively. locations. Sample collection and analysis were done by using standard sampling bags and Keywords: Air pollution, Hydrocarbons, NMHCs Flame Ionization Detector, respectively. Split Plot
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 39 ABSTRACTS
Influence of Vertical Greeneries to Score Points in Green Rating Systems for Multi-Storied Buildings in Sri Lankan Context
MCL Peiris1, AH Lakmal2 and R Chandratilake3 1Sri Lanka Navy, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka 2General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka 3University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘Green rating systems have become a more Lanka. Considerable percentage of points can be significant factor to enhance green construction obtained with the positive effects of the vertical practice and saving energy of a building. Vertical green façades, both direct and indirect methods, greens and its influence on green rating systems with above three rating systems, especially in to score more points, is the key concern of energy saving, greenery, air quality aspects. this research. Especially, the vertical greenery component which gives more benefits to the Application of comprehensive vertical greenery facility by making use of natural processes such will result in significant difference between in and as temperature control, indoor air quality and out temperature of a room and help to increase lighting of a building as previous studies have the thermal comfort and some other aspects too. proven. It will significantly influence green rating Mainly, this improvement can score more points systems to score more points to reach higher in all three rating systems in varying degrees. ratings. GM ENRB: 2017 score card related to aspects in concern shows reasonably high possibility This research compares three most commonly of scoring more points compared to and Green used green rating systems in Sri Lanka and how SL and LEED rating tools. Among latter two those are influenced by the vertical greenery to tools least potential is with LEED, which seems reach high scores. Three Green Rating Systems, assessing more indirect influences with respect to namely, GreenSL® Rating System for Built technical aspects concerned in the study. Environment, GM ENRB :2017 (BCA Green Mark for Existing Non Residential Buildings) and Keywords: Vertical greenery, Energy LEED V4 for Building Design and Construction consumption, Thermal comfort, Rating systems are evident to be mostly used rating tools in Sri
40 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Seeking Professional Excellence in Water Management: Case Study on Trincomalee Water Supply Scheme
EMPWME Werapitiya1, MML Madurapperuma2 and AH Lakmal3 1,2Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Lanka Navy 3General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
The Naval Dockyard, Trincomalee is considered The objective of the study is to analysis the to be the most strategic and important Naval sustainability of the Trincomalee naval water Establishment of the Sri Lanka Navy. Naval supply scheme with the emerging demand of Dockyard, Trincomalee was established by the water. This study concerns direct relationship of British, during the colonial era. Trincomalee naval the current water demand with existing water water supply scheme was constructed in 1942 supply in order to determine the factors such to accomplish the water requirement of naval as flow rate, wastage, etc. Whilst analysing the dockyard and Trincomalee town area. Although best feasible solution for improvement, the this system is more than 75 years old, it fulfills existing scheme will be determined based on the purified water requirement of Naval Dockyard quantitative data such as rainfall, population, and few other users within Trincomalee town, even and flow rate. The possibility of contributing to today. The raw water source is Kalamatiyankulam the national water distribution network through reservoir, which has a capacity of 47,029,300 Cubic state agencies will also be analysed in reaching meters. The water transmits to the Andamkulam conclusions of this study. Finally, the paper purification plant only through the gravitational presents a substitute plan for water transmission force and the energy increment by reducing the and distribution considering the future demands diameter of pipe. Similarly, the purified water of Naval Dockyard and Trincomalee town area. also distributes to Naval Dockyard and other This study focuses on how best to collaborate surroundings. The entire process is free from professionalism to the social demand in view of pumping, though the pumping station has been balancing and sustaining the water resources. designed in original drawings. At present, water demand of Naval Dockyard has increased due Keywords: Water resource management, to the rapid expansion of military infrastructure Sustainability, Substitution plan with community.
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 41 ABSTRACTS
Time-series analysis of monthly rainfall data for the Nuwara Eliya District, Sri Lanka
NM Udumulla1, MGAK Madhubashini2, NM Hakmanage3, IM Sandaruwani4, DDM Jayasundara5 and RMKT Rathnayaka6 1,2,3,4,5Department of Statistics & Computer Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka 6Department of Physical Sciences & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka. [email protected]
One of the most important climatic elements study, original observations are non-stationery. is rainfall, which directly influences on the Thus, we moved 1st difference for further study. agriculture. As a real world practice, the rainfall Furthermore, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated data has a seasonal trend with short term and Moving Average (SARIMA) model was fitted long term oscillations; especially, monthly rainfall for analyzing and validation of 228 monthly forecasting is significant to make decisions in observations. According to minimum Akaike management of agricultural schemes and daily information criteria (AIC), SARIMA (1, 0, 0) (1, 0, human activities. 2) (12) is selected as a best model for forecasting rainfall in this selected region. In this current study, monthly average rainfall of Nuwara Eliya district, Sri Lanka, since 1996 to Keywords: AIC, Rainfall, SARIMA models, Unit 2015 was considered. According to the unit root root
42 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Use of Activated Carbon (AC) to Filter Wastewater to Treat Landfill Leachate
NP Seneviratne1 and MB Samarakoon2 Department of Civil Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
‘This research addresses the issue of water slightly acidic (5.70~5.90). The tests were carried pollution due to landfill leachate discharge (point for 30 sets from each reactor and samples S1 and source water pollution) and the use of Activated S2 (having AC in their reactors) show closer values Carbon (AC) to minimize the severe impacts on to pH 7 but weigh towards alkalinity. Turbidity water bodies. The approach was a quantitative variation is extremely satisfying again in samples in nature and both primary and secondary data S1 and S2 with an average removal efficiency were included in this research. The suggestion is of turbidity of 84.92% and 90.90% respectively to promote AC production using non-valuable also indicate high removal of COD having the bio-degradable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), lowest slopes (3.13 & 2.44 respectively) out of all having a high calorific value. To carry out 4 effluent samples. The test results showed that experiments, tests and data collection, the right S1 and S2 performances are satisfying but S2 has type of AC which was specifically designed for given highest removal efficiencies throughout water filtration was used. The study was based the experiment also proved the fact that, when around AC’s ability to adsorb particles to its the surface area of AC is increased it allows more exposed surface. The primary objectives were filtration to occur. Therefore, it can be assumed to compare AC’s filtration capacities with clay that AC surface area is directly proportional to its bricks and quarry dust, study the mechanism filtration capacity (y = kx). of AC, to compare the effectiveness of filtration due to order of filtration materials are set and to Keywords: Activated Carbon (AC), Leachate, compare the efficiency of filtration of each setup. Bio-degradable MSW, Removal efficiency, COD, This was determined by conducting 3 tests; pH Turbidity, pH. test, turbidity test and COD test. The influent was
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 43 Poster Sessions ABSTRACTS
Novel Heating-Sustainable Automated Two-Way Valve for Re-Utilization of Automobile or Fabric Industry Waste Heat
YAA Kumarayapa1 and JHWDB Jayathilake2 Department of Electronics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka [email protected]
Steam-powered mechanisms were widely used the wasted heat due to steam generated by in the time of industrial revolution before the turbines of fabric manufacturing industry is high beginning of the modern inventions of power enough, the AC Compressor motor connects to energy sources. Currently, up to 65% of the heat such steam powered mechanism enable lesser energy produced in internal combustion engines fuel consumption and less emission to the used in motor vehicles is wasted. This research environment. study lead to the design and implementation of an automated low-cost waste heat reutilization This heat sustainable 2-way automated steam device which guides us to reduce the electrical solenoid is a novel design which is not available energy consumption. This prototype model of in the literature. This novel design and waste heat utilized steam engine is designed implementation with further enhancement will to rotate a fly wheel with the use of steam not only be useful in saving energy consumption power in order to power the AC Compressor of automobiles but also be beneficial for the motor. For this purpose, a specially designed fabric manufacturing industry where the steam heat sustainable 2-Way steam solenoid valve generated by turbines can be reutilized. was designed where the valve is driven by a microcontroller programmed stepper motor. Keywords: Two-way novel automated steam Whenever the engine temperature is high or solenoid, Waste heat re-utilization, AC Compressor motor
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 45 ABSTRACTS
Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal on Soil and Water Quality: A Case Study from Muthurajawela Wetland
SM Wickramasinghe1, SADSS Maheepala2, RUK Piyadasa3 and GY Jayasinghe4 1, 2, 4Depatment of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka 3Depatment of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Muthurajawela is one of the famous marshy Distance, time and directions were considered as wetlands in Sri Lanka with a highly diverse variables to analyze the data with water quality ecosystem. In the present context, detrimental parameters. The SW samples of 6 and 8 locations environmental issues have occured in and GW samples of 2 and 3 locations indicated Muthurajawela wetland due to improper waste higher Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Calcium and disposal. As Muthurajawela consist of many Magnesium values compared to the others which distinct water bodies, there is a high possibility were exceeding standard permissible levels. Soil of groundwater contamination through the samples at locations of 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 showed leachate originated from the wastes. This will lower pH values than 6.5 and location 4 recorded pose a substantial risk to local groundwater the lowest value (2.7) which means the soil was resources, soil, biodiversity and natural highly acidic. The soil samples at 2 and 6 locations ecosystem. The study was conducted to assess the exceeded the standard permissible EC level as impact of municipal waste disposal on physico- they were close to the waste dumping area. The chemical characteristics of soil and water in study revealed that quality of the soil, GW and Muthurajawela. Radius sampling method was SW of Muthurajawela have been affected due to used to collect samples from 8 different locations improper waste dumping. at 300m, 250m and 1 km distance, respectively for surface water (SW), soil and groundwater (GW). Keywords: Electrical conductivity, Ground water contamination, Leachate, Waste dumping
46 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Drinking Water Quality in Selected DS Divisions - Hambanthota District
AGL Chathuranga1, TANT Perera2, PMCS De Silva3 and Jayasinghe GY4 1, 2 ,4Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka 3Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Inhabitants in Hambantota district are severely water quality standards of SLS (6.5 - 8.5, 750µs/ affected by the non-availability of quality water cm). NaCl values varied in between 0.97% - 0.35% for consumption. The quality of water may vary and the highest and the lowest were recorded with the source, water treatment process and at Beliatta and Agunukolapelessa, respectively. the location. Therefore, the present study was Phosphate values of the treated water were conducted to assess the variations in physico- higher than the water source in Walasmulla and chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Beliatta divisions. Maximum Nitrate values were Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), reported at Beliatta. But treated water (8.60mg/L) -3 - Phosphate (PO4 ) and Nitrate (NO3 ) in domestic had lower concentration of nitrate with compared water supply in three selected divisional secretariat to the source (9.65mg/L). Results indicated that (DS) divisions (Walasmulla, Angunakolapalassa the distribution system has affected the quality and Beliatta). Water samples were collected of water. However,the household water of from eight sources in each DS divisionsand 25 three locations was safe for consumption when households were selected to analyse the drinking considering the drinking water quality standards. water quality. Little alkalinity in water was It was under the permissible levels of the SLS for recorded in Beliatta division when compared potable water (50 mg/L). to other divisions. Maximum EC (421µs/cm) and TDS (304ppm) values were recorded at the Keywords: Domestic water supply, water source of Beliatta division. But all the Physicochemical parameters, Water quality values of pH and EC were under the drinking
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 47 ABSTRACTS
Urbanization and Solid Waste Management Challenges: A Review of Literature
SPR Dissanayake1 and H Premarathne2 1Army School of Logistics, Clappenburg, Trincomalee 2Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
The aim of this study is to find out the challenges was collected from books on this subject matter, of urbanization and Solid Waste Management publications, research studies, journals, and urbanized city areas in developing countries most websites published by the local and foreign of these urbanizing cities and also a commercial intellectuals of the subjects. It presents rich data hub, providing employment opportunities and results from literature review methods. This accelerating the pace of urbanization, resulting in study describes and evaluates the present state of a corresponding increase in municipal solid waste municipal solid waste management in municipal (MSW) generation. Solid waste management is a council area and identified the challenges face one of main challenge for the any developing city due poor management of the solid waste. Finally, and its authorities in developing countries mainly also summarizes the proposed policies and due to the increasing generation of waste, the initiatives of the solid waste management in burden posed on the municipal budget as a result any urban council to improve the existing MSW of the high costs associated to its management, management system in order to find the feasible the lack of understanding over a diversity of solution for overcome the challenges. factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. With Keywords: Municipal solid wastes, Municipal the rapid urbanization of a developing city and solid waste management, Integrated solid waste Municipal waste is a term coined to the solid management, Solid waste management strategies, waste produced by the people and the society Municipal Council in their day to day operations. Secondary data
48 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Redesigning the Kandawala Road to Improve the Flow of Traffic and Increase its Level of Service
HOC Vidyananda1, MT Gunasekara2, KCS Gunarathna3 and TWKIM Dias4 Department of Civil Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
The objective of this paper is to investigate the path and drainage system) with wider shoulders various methods available to increase the Level incorporating the currently wasted space on of Service (LOS) of the Kandawala road, which roadside canals. Secondly, opening the poolside connects the A2 highway (Colombo-Wellawaya entrance of KDU, which will grant an alternative Road) and the Kandawala estate. From obtained route to a sizable portion of the current Kandawala traffic counts of a 12-hour window from 6:00 road users. Finally, declaring Kandawala road am to 6:00 pm, the team identified the peak one-way paired with the Airport road. hour and peak hour traffic volumes in order to perform required calculations to find the current The above solutions would increase LOS of the LOS of the road. The team found the LOS of the road by either improving existing road conditions Kandawala road to be class E, which is below or diverting the traffic flow and minimizing it. the expected LOS from roads of the same class. However each of these solutions come with their After further investigation, research and design, own inherit limitations. These limitations of the the team developed three separate solutions to solutions, practicability of the solutions and their enhance the level of service of the road under implementation will be discussed in detail with the current traffic conditions. These solutions can supportive calculations in this report. be applied independently or in conjunction with each other to produce synergistic outcomes. These Keywords: Kandawala Road, LOS Improvement solutions are, firstly redesigning the Kandawala road (including pavement, footpath, and bicycle
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 49 ABSTRACTS
Application of Construction Programme in Project Scheduling of Major Building Construction in Sri Lanka
MHM Azeem1 and MD Rathnayake2 Department of Quantity Surveying, University College of Anuradhapura, University of Vocational Technology [email protected]
Time is a valuable thing which cannot be restored. process. Through the factors identified, interview In reality, most of the projects are not completed guideline and questionnaire were prepared for within the stipulated time. There are varieties data collection. Data was collected from the of reasons for this, but generally poor time resource persons in the industry and analysed management is a significant reason. using QDA Miner Lite software and MS Excel software and the results were discussed in detail. The time can be well managed through Finally, a framework was developed with respect construction programmes. It clearly describes to the final outcomes of the data analysis. Most the sequence and the relationship between significant factors from the final outcomes such as the activities. Even though the construction barriers, purposes, advantages were included in programme is important some contractors think the framework. of it as a pesky document, but the Construction programme provides numerous advantages. Staying with the construction project schedule Therefore, the research problem is to investigate is an important part of a project. A well and identify the application of construction planned construction schedule will facilitate the programme and the significant factors that affect constructors to reduce downtime and guarantee the scheduling of construction projects. that the activities are completed on-time and within the budget. A mixed approach was carried out for this study. A comprehensive literature review was done Keywords: Construction programme, to identify the factors affecting the scheduling Construction projects, Time.
50 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Greywater Treatment for Reusing in Bathrooms
TMWRMB Samarakoon1, GVSS Vithanage2 and NM De A Abeysinghe3 Department of Civil Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Water is an essential source for all the living tanks were identified and a filter system was beings in the world. The usable fresh water designed to treat greywater coming out from percentage is decreasing day by day due to the bathrooms. After designing a new filter system, careless attitude of people when using the water 40 samples were analysed considering four resources for their day to day needs. Therefore, parameters namely Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate it is our duty to use water in the earth in a and colour, from both the influent and effluent sustainable way, so that the future generations of the designed filter system separately. Average will also be able to fulfill their needs without values of the influent, for Turbidity, NO3-, PO43- much trouble. Even though it is necessary to use and colour are 134.86 NTU, 7.75mg/l, 0.29mg/l clean water for drinking, bathing and cooking, and 1158.25 Pt-Co respectively. Average values of for other purposes such as cleaning, bathroom the effluent, for Turbidity, NO3-, PO43- and colour flushing, horticultural and agricultural purposes, are 15.66 NTU, 1.36mg/l, 0.11mg/l and 415.18 Pt- we can use less treated water. Therefore, we can Co respectively. As a result, the filter system had use treated greywater for the flushing purposes removal efficiencies of 88.45%, 82.38%, 61.43% of bathrooms. Greywater is relatively clean waste and 63.26% in removing Turbidity, NO3-, PO43- water generated after bathing, laundering, kitchen and colour respectively. Since the above values use etc. The aim of this study is to treat greywater are within the permissible ranges, it is acceptable which was generated from bathrooms and reuse to use this water for flushing purposes. it for bathroom flushing. The parameters which need to be treated before pumping into flushing Keywords: Greywater, Treatment, Sand Filter
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 51 ABSTRACTS
SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR PANAGODA ARMY CANTONMENT
EADP Edirisinghe1 and S Bogahawatte2 1Corps of Engineer Services Regiment, Army Cantonment, Panagoda, Sri Lanka 2Department of Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka [email protected]
Sustainable water management is identified as and quantitative data was collected by using the an important strategic approach to minimize questionnaire and evaluate the quantitative data unnecessary costs and for proper utilization of by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences water resources. The Panagoda army cantonment (SPSS) software version 23. Both descriptive was established five decades ago and current and inferential statistics were determined. water supply system has deficiencies to cater the According to the qualitative data, current status demand of water users. Due to malpractices of of the water management system was evaluated users, massive wastage of water supply has been and recommendations were formulated. The observed. This study focused on the identification conceptual framework consisted of sustainable of the status-quo of the water management management approaches such as environmental system in the cantonment. Then to be identified Sustainability, Affordability, Quality, Health the customer’s perspective on the current water and Safety, Reliability, and Responsibility of management system in the cantonment and the operation. Those five independent variables identified proper way to improve current water were correlated with the dependant variable management system. The high value of water of customer satisfaction. Each independent invoices and electricity invoices were received variable was gathered in two perspectives such for the monthly usage. By introducing new water as customer expectation and the satisfaction of management, it will be possible to reduce the cost the aspect. Each factor was plotted to identify the of water usage and cost of electricity usage that use gap area. It is recommended to carry out in-depth for the pump operation. There are 4 Directorates, study to minimize loss and improve the current 7 Regiments, 31 Units, Army Base Hospital and system to the sustainable way. Army Physical Training School operating at the cantonment and data has been collected from Keywords: Environmental sustainability, selected 19 establishments which are consist with Affordability, Quality, Health and safety, higher no of staff. During the study qualitative Reliability and responsibility
52 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Towards Sustainable practices: implementation of Priorities for challenges in construction
S Vijayaragunathan University College of Matara [email protected]
Construction industry is an essential part of every nature and mitigate the construction waste, cost, country’s economy because it helps to improve impurity, noise and vibration, CO2 emissions, the socio-economic status of the country such as energy utilization and plant and equipment uses. buildings, infrastructure, and services. Moreover, The data analysis revealed the top four priority construction marks the biggest contribution in the implementations for sustainable challenges, developing countries, these countries face lots of which are essential for sustainable initiatives. challenges as economic and population growth, They are applying sustainable materials (eco- lifestyle changes, and global changes. This environment friendly material) 86%, upgrade industry usually faces complex issues such as the the resources efficiency 83%, upgrade the plant extension of time and material wastage. As a result, productivity as the highest standard 83% and the cost exceeds the contract sum. Traditional upgrade the work nature 80%. More than 86% construction practices find it difficult to control percent of people have rated applying sustainable these issues, so nowadays construction industries materials (eco-environment friendly material) focus on sustainable practices. On the other as extremely and very important. This could be hand, sustainable practices were combined with due to factors in Sri Lankan construction industry economic, social and environmental perspectives. preferences. The paper concludes that identifying Sri Lankan construction industry focuses on the the priorities for implementation in sustainable sustainable practices also it shows the major complex approaches in Sri Lankan construction challenges and sustainable implementation industry initiatives. They apply sustainable materials (eco-environment friendly material), upgrade Keywords: Sustainability, Challenges, Priorities the resource efficiency, plant productivity, work
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 53 ABSTRACTS
Upper limb motion recognition based on Electromyography signals and Support Vector Machine
JMAD Jayasinghe1 and RL Dangalla2 1,2Department of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka [email protected]
A large number of disabled people can be seen in extraction method for the classification, as it has the world due to various accidents, sports injuries higher accuracy and the low computational power and etc. Using traditional recovery system than other statistical features like Root mean takes much time to recover. Hence people face square (RMS) in order to operate in real time. Data many difficulties in their day-to-day activities. classifications and a model creating the system There are many forearm upper limb prosthetic was utilized in machine learning. Classifications devices in the market, and it could be applied for were done under the Support Vector Machines limited amputees. This reason tends to develop (SVM), and the model was trained using linear new novel methods to increase their living classifier. The model operated as a real-time condition. To obtain accurate information on working device and trained the model using 128 intended hand motions, human body generated features of 128ms. The prediction speed of the Electromyography (EMG) signals were used. models was ~330 obj/sec. the whole process of Four specific muscles were selected through the model took only 131.030ms. The study has the study by acquiring EMG signals. The EMG obtained zero error rates via the confusion matrix, signals were recorded under six types of major and the accuracy of the model was 100%. wrist movement; flexion, extension, Radial deviation, ulnar deviation, Normal and close. Keywords: Electromyography signals, Time Feature extraction was conducted under the Time Domain, Support Vector Machine, Upper limb Domain (TD) Statistical features. Mean Absolute Value (MAV) was concluded to be the best feature
54 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
A Review on Ultrasound Image Pre-Processing, Segmentation and Compression for Enhanced Image Storage and Transmission
BRMGWUB Balagalla1, SAAM Subasinghe2 and C De Alwis3 Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura [email protected]
Imaging is one of the key medical diagnostic tools footage efficiently. Yet, it is a challenge due to to observe internal organs and soft tissues. One distributions of various intensities depending on such tool is ultrasound scanning, which is highly the imaging conditions, boundary ambiguities utilized in gynecology and echo cardiogram. This and speckle noise. is due to the number of advantages of ultrasound scanning, such as being non-invasive, free of This review paper highlights state-of-the-art radiation, economical and real-time. However, technologies for the careful selection of ROI of access to ultrasound scanning facilities remain ultrasound images to facilitate ultrasound image limited due to the scarcity of human and physical pre-processing, segmentation and compression. resources. Therefore, developing technologies to Furthermore, the paper proposes directions for remotely perform ultrasound scans using mobile future research to develop existing methods. It devices to extend medical imaging facilities to is envisaged that these technologies will pave rural and less accessible areas is becoming an the path to develop new technologies that would interesting research area. This requires efficient enable better patient care in the future. compression of ultrasound scan footage in order to facilitate real-time transmission over a mobile Keywords: Ultrasound images, Region of interest network. Careful selection of the Region of (ROI), Image segmentation, Image compression, Interest (ROI) is essential to compress ultrasound Speckle noise removal
11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 55 ABSTRACTS
Shipboard Vibration Data Analysis as an Effective Monitoring Tool in Computerised Maintenance Management System (CMMS) for Sri Lanka Navy
DMPM Dasanayaka1, PABAR Perera2 1Naval Headquarters, Colombo, Sri Lanka 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka [email protected]
The maintenance strategy which most of the regarding promulgation of a comprehensive modern navies follows today is Predictive data base in all CBPM aspects with machinery Maintenance (PdM) or Condition Based health monitoring and recommendation for SLN Predictive Maintenance (CBPM), which is a ships/craft/machinery under the supervision proven capacity multiplier/ economy booster. of Directorate of Engineering and University of There is a selective list of techniques fall under Moratuwa. Machinery Testing and Trials Unit the CBPM category. They are Vibration analysis, (MTTU) is entrusted with the responsibility and Oil analysis, Thermal imaging, Ultrasonic the process of integrating the past records on all inspection, Non-Destructive Testing etc. CBPM ships/craft had commenced in the form of a web is a transformation from a reactive maintenance based Computerized Maintenance Management policy to a proactive maintenance policy where System (CMMS). This paper is focused on to it has displayed its effectiveness in a number of discuss practical techniques followed by MTTU naval engineering installations. Implementing to combine an interdisciplinary research on these CBM techniques for fleet maintenance shipboard vibration monitoring to CMMS and in Navy must overcome additional challenges reap the benefits for the Navy. due to limited accessibility for data recording, amount of data volume, and incompatibilities in Keywords: Shipboard vibration, Computerized data sharing among industrial sector. Sri Lanka maintenance management system, Predictive Navy (SLN) instituted the necessary procedures maintenance
56 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE