DOCSLIB.ORG

KK & RS (Sri Lanka)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
KK & RS (Sri Lanka) Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 THE IMMIGRATION ACTS Heard at Field House Decision & Reasons Promulgated On 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 September 2020 On 27 May 2021 With further written submissions On 7 Dec 2020 and 12 Jan 2021 Before UPPER TRIBUNAL JUDGE BLUM UPPER TRIBUNAL JUDGE RIMINGTON UPPER TRIBUNAL JUDGE NORTON-TAYLOR Between KK RS (ANONYMITY DIRECTION MADE) Appellants and SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT Respondent Pursuant to Rule 14 of the Tribunal Procedure (Upper Tribunal) Rules 2008, we make an anonymity order. Unless the Upper Tribunal or a Court directs otherwise, no report of these proceedings or any form of publication thereof shall directly or indirectly identify the appellants or members of their families. This direction applies to, amongst others, all parties. Any failure to comply with this direction could give rise to contempt of court proceedings. We make this order owing to the content and nature of the proceedings. Representation: For the appellant KK: Mr A Mackenzie and Ms A Benfield, of Counsel, instructed by Birnberg Peirce Solicitors © CROWN COPYRIGHT 2021 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 For the appellant RS: Mr A Mackenzie and Mr A Bandegani, of Counsel, instructed by the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants For the respondent: Ms N Patel, Mr T Tabori, and Ms H Higgins, of Counsel, instructed by the Government Legal Department CONTENTS PARAGRAPHS Introduction 1-6 Glossary 7-8 General approach to country guidance cases 9-15 The current country guidance 16-19 Procedural matters 20-28 Summary of the evidence 29-32 Dr Smith 33-82 Dr Nadarajah 83-115 Professor Gunaratna 116-135 Mr Yogalingam 136-146 Mr Uthayasenan 147-153 TGTE 154-158 Mr Stares 159-175 FFM 176-184 DFAT 185-187 Other relevant country information 188-192 CPIN 193 KK 194-204 RS and ST 205-217 The parties’ submissions 218 2 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 The appellants’ submissions 219-237 The respondent’s submissions 238-258 Post-hearing matters 259-261 General comments on the evidence The expert evidence 262-268 Dr Smith 269-271 Dr Nadarajah 272-276 Professor Gunaratna 277-281 The FFM and Mr Stares’ evidence 282-300 The CPIN 301 The DFAT 302-305 Other country evidence 306 Mr Yogalingam 307-309 Mr Uthayasenan 310-312 Analysis and conclusions Preliminary observations 313-314 Detention and the risk of persecution and serious harm 315-323 The current political landscape in Sri Lanka 324-328 Separatism in the Sri Lankan context 329-349 GoSL attitudes to the Tamil diaspora in general 350-358 Proscription under the 2012 UN Regulations 359-374 The TGTE 375-387 3 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 Tamil Solidarity 388-391 Other diaspora organisations 392-402 Monitoring and information gathering in the United Kingdom 403-418 Information processing and storage 419-432 The assessment of an individual’s profile 433-502 The position of returnees at the airport 503-515 Beyond the airport: monitoring, “rehabilitation”, and recruitment as an informant 516-534 The country guidance 535-536 The HJ (Iran) principle 537-555 The two individual appeals: 556 KK’s case in outline 557 Decision of the First-tier Tribunal 558 Error of law decision 559 The parties’ submissions 560-565 Findings of fact 566-591 Conclusions 592-602 RS’s case in outline 603-604 Decision of the First-tier Tribunal 605-606 Error of law decision 607 The parties’ submissions 608-614 Findings of fact 615-642 Conclusions 643-657 4 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 Notice of Decision 658-661 Appendices: A: the country information B: error of law decision in KK’s appeal C: error of law decision in RS’ appeal DECISION AND REASONS A: INTRODUCTION 1. These linked appeals provide the vehicle for country guidance on the following issue: “The extent of the risk in Sri Lanka to individuals on the basis of sur place political activities in the United Kingdom which are (or are perceived to be) in opposition to the government in Sri Lanka.” 2. The appeals also involve the determination of protection claims made by two individuals. KK is of Tamil ethnicity and originates from the north of Sri Lanka. He arrived in United Kingdom in January 2009 with entry clearance as a student. Following an extension of leave to remain as a Tier 1 (Post-Study Migrant), he sought further leave as a Tier 1 Entrepreneur. This application was refused. On 6 March 2016 KK made his asylum claim. This was based on two elements: a claimed fear of the Sri Lankan authorities owing to previous detention and ill-treatment in consequence of suspected LTTE assistance; and activities undertaken in the United Kingdom. The claim was refused and an appeal against that decision was dismissed by the First-tier Tribunal. That decision was challenged and set aside by the Upper Tribunal. The appeal was remitted to the First-tier Tribunal and once again dismissed. A further appeal was brought before the Upper Tribunal. By a decision promulgated on 7 January 2020, Upper Tribunal Judge Rimington set aside the First-tier Tribunal’s decision and retained the appeal in the Upper Tribunal for a resumed hearing to redetermine the issue on the appellant’s sur place activities. 3. RS is a woman of Tamil ethnicity who lived in the eastern region of Sri Lanka. She entered the United Kingdom in October 2007 and claimed asylum on the same day. Her claim was that she had been detained and mistreated by the Sri Lankan army because of suspected LTTE assistance. Her claim was rejected by the respondent. An appeal was dismissed by the First-tier Tribunal in May 2008. Over the course of time, RS submitted further submissions which were rejected 5 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 by the respondent. Eventually, the respondent accepted that further submissions put forward in 2018 constituted a fresh claim pursuant to paragraph 353 of the Immigration Rules. The claim was refused and RS appealed. The appeal was dismissed by the First-tier Tribunal in September 2019. On appeal, Upper Tribunal Judge Rimington set the First-tier Tribunal’s decision aside and ordered that the decision be re-made by the Upper Tribunal. 4. These two appeals were considered to be appropriate cases in which the Upper Tribunal could address the existing country guidance on Sri Lanka and the specific issue set out in paragraph 1, above. There followed intensive case management over the course of several months involving a very substantial amount of correspondence between the parties and with the Upper Tribunal. A series of case management directions were issued and hearings conducted with the aim of ensuring that both parties had a fair opportunity to obtain relevant evidence and present their respective cases in a thorough and efficient manner. 5. Before moving on, we wish to express our gratitude to the legal teams on both sides for the enormous amount of work put into the preparation and presentation of these cases. At any other time their collective effort would be commendable. However, in light of the exceptional circumstances brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, what they have done deserves all the more appreciation. 6. It is also appropriate, perhaps unusually, to offer a word of gratitude to the administrative staff of the Upper Tribunal for the exceptional effort that they put into the processing of correspondence and in respect of the logistical issues involved in the hearing itself. B: GLOSSARY 7. As in other country guidance cases, we deem it appropriate to set out a glossary of the terms and abbreviations that we have employed most often when referring to the evidence presented and the arguments made thereon. Abbreviation Full description 2012 UN Regulations The United Nations Regulations Nos. 1 and 2 made respectively on 13 May and 30 May 2012 by the Sri Lankan Minister of External Affairs under section 2 of the United Nations Act 1968 BIA Bandaranaike International Airport, the only international airport in Sri 6 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 Lanka and the point of return for all failed-asylum seekers BTC British Tamil Conservatives BTF British Tamil Forum CID Sri Lankan Criminal Investigation Department CPIN Country Policy Information Note Sri Lanka: Tamil Separatism, version 6.0, May 2020 DFAT Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade report entitled Country Information Report on Sri Lanka, dated 4 November 2019 DIE Department of Immigration and Emigration FCO The United Kingdom’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office FFM Report of a Home Office fact-finding mission to Sri Lanka, conducted between 28 September and 5 October 2019 and published on 20 January 2020 GoSL The current Government of Sri Lanka GTF Global Tamil Forum ICPPG International Centre for the Prevention and Prosecution of Genocide IOM International Organisation for Migration ITAK Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (also known as the Federal Party) LLRC Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission set up by former President Mahinda Rajapaksa, in 2010. 7 Appeal Numbers: PA/09978/2016 PA/13288/2018 LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam President Gotabaya President Gotabaya Rajapaksa: for ease of reference, as his brother, Mahinda Rajapaksa, had previously been President Proscribed The status of an individual or organisation formally designated under the 2012 UN Regulations. Proscription is the act of proscribing under those Regulations PTA Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act, originally enacted on 24 July 1979. SIS Sri Lankan State Intelligence Service SLHC Sri Lankan High Commission in London Tamil Eelam A proposed separate and independent Tamil State on the island of Sri Lanka TFL Tamils for Labour TFLD Tamils Friends of Liberal Democrats TGTE Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam The Constitution The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, as amended up to 15 May 2015.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ABSTRACTS Engineering Excellence Through Collaborative Research and Innovation ABSTRACTS
    General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Sri Lanka ABSTRACTS Engineering Excellence through Collaborative Research and Innovation ABSTRACTS This book contains the abstracts of papers presented at the 11th International Research Conference of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka held on 13th - 14th September 2018. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, without prior permission of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka Published by General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Ratmalana 10390 Sri Lanka Tel : +94113370105 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.kdu.ac.lk/irc2018 ISBN - 978 - 955 - 0301 - 56 - 0 Date of Publication 13th September 2018 Designed and Printed by 2 GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11th INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS CONFERENCE CHAIR Dr Upali Rajapaksha CONFERENCE SECRETARY Ms Bhagya Senaratne AssiSTANT CONFERENCE SECRETARIES Dr Danushi Gunasekara Ms Nirupa Ranasinghe Capt Madhura Rathnayake STEERING COMMITTEE Maj Gen IP Ranasinghe RWP RSP ndu psc - President Brig RGU Rajapakshe RSP psc Professor MHJ Ariyarathne Col JMC Jayaweera psc Senior Professor JR Lucas Capt (S) UG Jayalath Senior Professor ND Warnasuriya Capt JU Gunaseela psc Senior Professor RN Pathirana Lt Col PSS Sanjeewa RSP psc Senior Professor Amal Jayawardane Lt Col WMNKD Bandara RWP RSP Dr (Mrs) WCDK Fernando Lt Col AK Peiris RSP Dr KMG Prasanna Premadasa Capt MP Rathnayake Dr CC Jayasundara
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Religious Desegregation in an Immediate Postwar Town Jaffna, Sri Lanka
    Carnets de géographes 2 | 2011 Espaces virtuels Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town Jaffna, Sri Lanka Delon Madavan Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/cdg/2711 DOI: 10.4000/cdg.2711 ISSN: 2107-7266 Publisher UMR 245 - CESSMA Electronic reference Delon Madavan, « Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town », Carnets de géographes [Online], 2 | 2011, Online since 02 March 2011, connection on 07 May 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/cdg/2711 ; DOI : 10.4000/cdg.2711 La revue Carnets de géographes est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Socio-religious desegregation in an immediate postwar town Jaffna, Sri Lanka Delon MADAVAN PhD candidate and Junior Lecturer in Geography Université Paris-IV Sorbonne Laboratoire Espaces, Nature et Culture (UMR 8185) [email protected] Abstract The cease-fire agreement of 2002 between the Sri Lankan state and the separatist movement of Liberalisation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), was an opportunity to analyze the role of war and then of the cessation of fighting as a potential process of transformation of the segregation at Jaffna in the context of immediate post-war period. Indeed, the armed conflict (1987-2001), with the abolition of the caste system by the LTTE and repeated displacements of people, has been a breakdown for Jaffnese society. The weight of the hierarchical castes system and the one of religious communities, which partially determine the town's prewar population distribution, the choice of spouse, social networks of individuals, values and taboos of society, have been questioned as a result of the conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 RESPONSE and COUNTER MEASURES in SRI LANKA (Tentative As of 24 April 2020)
    COVID-19 RESPONSE AND COUNTER MEASURES IN SRI LANKA (Tentative as of 24 April 2020) INTRODUCTION Sri Lanka got the first confirmed case of corona virus on January 27 2020, who was a 44 year old Chinese women from Hubei province in China. She had arrived as a tourist with another group of travelers and had been screened at the Bandaranayaka International Airport after having a high fever. She had fully recovered and released later on February 19. This incident put the health ministry and other relevant authorities more focused on the ongoing crisis in the world. Because even though there were preparedness planes for the corona infection in Sri Lanka there was no actual scenarios occurred until that day. On 10th March the first SL the first Sri Lankan local national tested positive for covid-19. A 52y old tour guide working with a group of Italians had tested positive. At this moment there were 29 patients under observation in the government hospitals including 8 foreigners. So this chain of incidents caused suspension of on arrival visa for tourists1. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT TIMELINE While these incidents were happening the government formed a presidential task force in relation with fighting the covid-19 virus which seek cooperation of all sections of the society. The first quick sessions “emphasize the disastrous consequences of behave in irresponsible manners and importance of the cooperation of everyone to the quarantine process commenced with the objective of protecting citizens of SL” The health ministry which was led by the director general of health services and the defense ministry who featured the commander of the Sri Lanka army contributed to the covid-19 prevention body in cooperation of other sectors2.
    [Show full text]
  • Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
    Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging the Tamil Diaspora in Peace-Building Efforts in Sri Lanka Michael Potters
    Undergraduate Transitional Justice Review Volume 1 | Issue 3 Article 5 2010 Engaging the Tamil Diaspora in Peace-Building Efforts in Sri Lanka Michael Potters Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/undergradtjr Recommended Citation Potters, Michael (2010) "Engaging the Tamil Diaspora in Peace-Building Efforts in Sri Lanka," Undergraduate Transitional Justice Review: Vol. 1 : Iss. 3 , Article 5. Available at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/undergradtjr/vol1/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Transitional Justice Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Potters: Engaging the Tamil Diaspora in Peace-Building Efforts in Sri Lank ENGAGING THE TAMIL DIASPORA IN PEACE-BUILDING EFFORTS IN SRI LANKA Michael Potters Refugees who have fled the conflict in Sri Lanka have formed large diaspora communities across the globe, forming one of the largest in Toronto, Canada. Members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have infiltrated these communities and elicited funding from its members, through both coercion and consent, to continue the fight in their home country. This paper will outline the importance of including these diaspora communities in peace-building efforts, and will propose a three-tier solution to enable these contributions. On the morning of October 17, 2009, Canadian authorities seized the vessel Ocean Lady off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. The ship had entered Canadian waters with 76 Tamil refugees on board, fleeing persecution and violence in the aftermath of Sri Lanka’s long and violent civil war.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume V, Issues 3-4 September 2011 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 5, Issues 3-4
    Volume V, Issues 3-4 September 2011 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 5, Issues 3-4 Special Double Issue on Terrorism and Political Violence in Africa Guest Editors: James J. F. Forest and Jennifer Giroux 2 September 2011 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 5, Issues 3-4 Table of Contents: Articles Terrorism and Political Violence in Africa: Contemporary Trends in a Shifting Terrain ................................................................................................5 by James J.F. Forest and Jennifer Giroux Terrorism in Liberation Struggles: Interrogating the Engagement Tactics of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta ........................18 by Ibaba Samuel Ibaba ‘Forcing the Horse to Drink or Making it Realise its Thirst’? Understanding the Enactment of Anti-Terrorism Legislation (ATL) in Nigeria .............................................................................................................33 by Isaac Terwase Sampson and Freedom C. Onuoha Opportunity Costs or Costly Opportunities? The Arab Spring, Osama Bin Laden, and Al-Qaeda's African Affiliates .............................................50 by Alex S. Wilner Al-Qaeda's Influence in Sub-Saharan Africa: Myths, Realities and Possibilities .....................................................................................................63 by James J.F. Forest From Theory to Practice: Exploring the Organised Crime-Terror Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa ...................................................................................81 by Annette
    [Show full text]
  • PEARL Factsheet
    D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 8 | F A C T S H E E T TAMIL MEMORIALIZATION UNDER THREAT People for Equality and Relief in Lanka K O P P A Y T H U Y I L U M I L L A M Picture: Tamil Guardian Security forces have perpetrated several PEARL verified at least two cases filed by incidents of harassment, threats, and perhaps police in an attempt to ban events in their even physical violence in relation to Tamil entirety. Notably, the courts declined to issue memorialization efforts over the last few a blanket ban on commemorations. weeks, particularly in connection with Maaveerar Naal, the Tamil National “Despite the increased ability to remember our dead in recent years, this Maaveerar Naal we Remembrance Day observed on November were painfully reminded how much we remain at 27, in the North-East of Sri Lanka. As in recent the mercy of the state and the whim of Sinhala years, Tamils from across the North-East politicians. This year were forced to dismantle gravestones – over ten years after military organized memorial events at the sites of LTTE destroyed our cemeteries, they made us destroy cemeteries destroyed by the government of them again. Who knows what we will have to Sri Lanka. However, the government said it did go through next year.” not grant permission for the events to take – Witness, Vaaharai Maaveerar Naal event, place.[1] November 2018 [1] https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/no-permission-maaveerar-naal-commemoration-says-sri-lankan- govt Police Attempt to Ban Commemoration Events Koppay, Jaffna: police applied for a ban Except for the display of those items, ahead of the day under Penal Code §120 and Magistrate Sinnaththurai Satheestharan said PTA regulations.[1] Unknown persons the event could go ahead.[3] circulated a fake notice that the court had Kayts, Jaffna: police also requested a banned commemorations to Tamil media.[2] blanket ban on commemorations at the On November 23, the Jaffna Magistrate Court destroyed LTTE cemetery in Chatty.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* **
    A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Advance Version Distr.: Restricted 16 September 2015 English only Human Rights Council Thirtieth session Agenda item 2 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* ** * Reproduced as received ** The information contained in this document should be read in conjunction with the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights- Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/30/61). A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Contents Paragraphs Page Part 1 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–13 5 II. Establishment of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL), mandate and methodology ............................................................................................................. 14–46 7 III. Contextual background ........................................................................................... 47–103 12 IV. Overview of Government, LTTE and other armed groups...................................... 104–170 22 V. Legal framework ..................................................................................................... 171–208 36 Part 2– Thematic Chapters VI. Unlawful killings ..................................................................................................... 209–325 47 VII. Violations related to the
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Caste-Blindness, and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-War Jaffna Society
    Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51–70 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.145 Nationalism, Caste-Blindness, and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-War Jaffna Society Kalinga Tudor Silva1 Abstract More than a decade after the end of the 26-year old LTTE—led civil war in Sri Lanka, a particular section of the Jaffna society continues to stay as Internally Displaced People (IDP). This paper tries to unravel why some low caste groups have failed to end their displacement and move out of the camps while everybody else has moved on to become a settled population regardless of the limitations they experience in the post-war era. Using both quantitative and qualitative data from the affected communities the paper argues that ethnic-biases and ‘caste-blindness’ of state policies, as well as Sinhala and Tamil politicians largely informed by rival nationalist perspectives are among the underlying causes of the prolonged IDP problem in the Jaffna Peninsula. In search of an appropriate solution to the intractable IDP problem, the author calls for an increased participation of these subaltern caste groups in political decision making and policy dialogues, release of land in high security zones for the affected IDPs wherever possible, and provision of adequate incentives for remaining people to move to alternative locations arranged by the state in consultation with IDPs themselves and members of neighbouring communities where they cannot be relocated at their original sites. Keywords Caste, caste-blindness, ethnicity, nationalism, social class, IDPs, Panchamars, Sri Lanka 1Department of Sociology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] © 2020 Kalinga Tudor Silva.
    [Show full text]
  • Tides of Violence: Mapping the Sri Lankan Conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre
    Tides of violence: mapping the Sri Lankan conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) is an independent, non-profit legal centre based in Sydney. Established in 1982, PIAC tackles barriers to justice and fairness experienced by people who are vulnerable or facing disadvantage. We ensure basic rights are enjoyed across the community through legal assistance and strategic litigation, public policy development, communication and training. 2nd edition May 2019 Contact: Public Interest Advocacy Centre Level 5, 175 Liverpool St Sydney NSW 2000 Website: www.piac.asn.au Public Interest Advocacy Centre @PIACnews The Public Interest Advocacy Centre office is located on the land of the Gadigal of the Eora Nation. TIDES OF VIOLENCE: MAPPING THE SRI LANKAN CONFLICT FROM 1983 TO 2009 03 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 09 Background to CMAP .............................................................................................................................................09 Report overview .......................................................................................................................................................09 Key violation patterns in each time period ......................................................................................................09 24 July 1983 – 28 July 1987 .................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Why Celebrate Chennai?
    Registered with the Reg. No. TN/CH(C)/374/18-20 Registrar of Newspapers Licenced to post without prepayment for India under R.N.I. 53640/91 Licence No. TN/PMG(CCR)/WPP-506/18-20 Publication: 1st & 16th of every month Rs. 5 per copy (Annual Subscription: Rs. 100/-) INSIDE Short ‘N’ Snappy Museum Theatre gate Mesmerism in Madras Tamil Journalism Thrilling finale www.madrasmusings.com WE CARE FOR MADRAS THAT IS CHENNAI Vol. XXIX No. 8 August 1-15, 2019 Why celebrate Chennai? every three minutes that places by The Editor us ahead of Detroit? When it comes to leather exports did we Our THEN is a sketch by artiste Vijaykumar of old Woodlands here we go again, ask- other to the problems it faces. know that Chennai and Kan- hotel, Westcott Road, where Krishna Rao began the first of his ing everyone to celebrate This is where we ply our trade, pur are forever neck-to-neck T restaurant chain in the 1930s. Our NOW is Saravana Bhavan Chennai, for Madras Week is educate our children, practise for reaching the top slot? And (Courtesy: The Hindu) also equally significant in Chennai’s food just around the corner. The our customs, celebrate our our record in IT is certainly history but whose owner died earlier this month being in the news cynics we are sure, must be individuality and much else. impressive. If all this was not till the end for wrong reasons. already practising their count- Chennai has given us space for enough, our achievements in er chorus beginning with the all this and we must be thankful enrolment for school education usual litany – Chennai was not for that.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Sri Lanka's Civil
    University at Albany, State University of New York Scholars Archive History Honors Program History 5-12-2017 The Ideal of Liberation: Women in Sri Lanka’s Civil War Akeela Makshood University at Albany, State University of New York, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/history_honors Part of the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Makshood, Akeela, "The Ideal of Liberation: Women in Sri Lanka’s Civil War" (2017). History Honors Program. 4. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/history_honors/4 This Undergraduate Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Scholars Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Honors Program by an authorized administrator of Scholars Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Makshood AHIS 495Z Professor Ryan Irwin & Professor Michitake Aso Honors Thesis May 12, 2017 The Ideal of Liberation: Women in Sri Lanka’s Civil War By Akeela Makshood 1 Makshood In the 1990s, videos emerged from the war-torn Northern peninsula of Sri Lanka of young, female LTTE1 cadres graduating from basic military training. Donning tiger-striped attire, groups of young girls and women were garlanded for their accomplishments by a woman standing out in stark contrast to the Tamil2 fighters. Known endearingly as “Aunty” amongst the Tigers, Adele Ann Wilby came to be known internationally as the “White Tiger.” Here she was, the Australian-born former nurse, in the epicenter of an island’s civil war, garlanding female volunteers during a ceremony where they received their cyanide capsules.
    [Show full text]