Environmental Report 2005 Environmental Report 2005

Editado por la Dirección de Comunicación y Relaciones Externas. Environmental Report 2005

Table of Contents

1.Introduction. pag. 7 2. Letter from the Chairman. pag. 9

3. Proﬁ le pag. 13

4. ADIF´s Environmental Balance Sheet. pag. 23

5. Visión and Estrategy. pag. 31

6. Governance Structure and Management Systems. pag. 37

7. Environmental Perfomance. pág. 57

8. ADIF´s Contribution to Environmentally Sustainable Transport. pag. 101 9. Annexes. pag. 121 • Report Proﬁ le and Scope. pag. 121 • GRI Content Index. pag. 122 • Index of Tables. pag. 131 • Index of Graphs. pag. 132 • List of Sources Used. pag. 133 • Glossary of Terms. pag. 134 • Declaración de veriﬁ cación. pag. 136 • Questionnaire – Suggestions for Improvement. pag. 137

1. Introduction

This Environmental Report was SCOPE Access to information drafted in accordance with GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE (GRI) This Report describes ADIF´s This report is available to stakeholders Sustainability Reporting Guidelines environmental performance across and the general public on ADIF´s web (version 3.0) issued in October the full scope of company activities, site (www.adif.es). 2006, as applicable to environmental products and services. performance. For further information, and copies of 2005 was ADIF´s fi rst year of the report, please contact: The following technical protocols and operation. All 2004 data supplied sector supplements guidelines were also for indicators refers to activities and ADIF applied: services supplied by RENFE and GIF, Dirección de Calidad y Medio prior to ADIF´s assumption of rail Ambiente - GRI (2006), Technical Protocols infrastructure management. Avda. Pío XII, 110 Indicator Protocols Set: Environment, 28036 Madrid (Spain) (version 3.0) October 2006 PROFILE Telephone: 34 913 006 762 - GRI (2006), GRI Logistics and e-mail: [email protected] Transportation Sector Supplement Pilot Guarantees of Accuracy and Veracity Version 1.0 Incorporating an abridged of the Information Provided version of the GRI 2002 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines The information included in this Report refl ects only results directly attributable In issuing this report, ADIF fulfi lls its to ADIF, its activities, and the products commitment to provide timely public and services it provides. information on the environmental aspects of its activities and the results Prior to publication, the accuracy and achieved during its fi rst year of traceability of the information presented operation. in this Report was verifi ed by an independent auditor.

Frequency

ADIF will issue an Environmental Report every two years, the timeframe it deems best suited for proper evaluation any signiﬁ cant changes in its Environmental Performance.

7 8 2. Letter from the Chairman

ADIF, Administrador de Infraestructuras We aspire to grow rail transport’s Ferroviarias, extends a warm market share, so as to further its welcome to the readers of this, its fi rst potential as an engine for territorial Environmental Report, which we trust interconnection and development and will provide timely information on the a guarantee of the effective mobility of company’s efforts and results achieved individuals and goods. toward environmental sustainability this past year, along with an overview of Certainly, the task of rail infrastructure its contributions to more effi cient and construction, maintenance, and traffi c sustainable rail transport in Spain. management involves environmental impacts. In 2005, ADIF began its journey in the new business scenario prescribed by Effectively addressing these the recently enacted Rail Sector Act. This poses major challenges, but also past year, much of our work has centered opportunities. on laying a fi rm foundation for the future, by consolidating the inherent advantages This Environmental Report is a of rail transport, while reaching out to balanced disclosure of ADIF´s citizens and helping them reach their environmental performance throughout destinations, through the provision of an this, its fi rst year of operation. environmentally respectful, effi cient, safe, Drafted in compliance with GRI and quality service. 2006 Environmental Guidelines, the report was submitted to external Under Spain’s Rail Sector Act, ADIF has audit, and data traceability was been assigned the task of managing a duly verifi ed. This Report depicts our 13,000 km rail network, and building fi rst Environmental Balance Sheet, a thousands of kilometers of high speed starting point from which all future rail lines, for which the 2006-2010 progress toward the goal of an estimated budget is 23,415 million environmentally sustainable transport euros. The new infrastructures will make network can be charted. Spain one of the world’s leading high speed rail service providers. In 2005, strict environmental criteria were observed across all company ADIF´s commitment to the environment activities, particularly those involving is yet another reason to promote more construction of new rail infrastructures, sustainable, clean, safe and economic which in many cases, not only met, but rail travel. exceeded legal requirements.

9 10 Company investment in environmental In this Environmental Report, we submit protection at new rail access information on the environmental goals, construction sites totaled nearly 100 actions and results of the past year, million euros, close to 7% of the along with our commitment to build approved works budget. upon and improve these, with each passing year. Environmental management efforts enhanced our contribution to environmental sustainability in three key areas: energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs. These are savings we hope to increase substantially as the 2006-2010 Strategic Plan is implemented and the new lines become operational. Further savings will come from the external cost Antonio González Marín reductions planned for the existing rail Chairman of ADIF lines now under our management.

The lower external costs achieved by ADIF managed infrastructures saved society 3,413 million euros in 2005.

11 12 3. Proﬁ le

ADIF is a publicly owned business to open their rail networks up to A Keystone of Sustainable Development institution reporting to the Ministry international companies and groups of Transport and Infrastructures, Sustainable transport is a key aspect in global providing transport services, mainly of charged with the construction of rail sustainability, which enables society to cover freight. current needs while not compromising the infrastructures, and management of ability of future generations to cover theirs. own and assigned rail infrastructures. For the reorganization of Spain´s A sustainable transport system: state rail sector, the Rail Sector Act ADIF (Administrador de Infraestructuras established that: • Permits access to basic goods services, Ferroviarias) is a publicly owned work, education, leisure and information, business institution, reporting to the while guaranteeing public safety, and • The name of the state owned Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures environmental conservation, in the interest of company RENFE, be changed to present and future generations. through the General Secretariat for Administrador de Infraestructuras Infrastructures. As an incorporated • Provides different modes of affordable and Ferroviarias (ADIF) which would company fully empowered for pursuit efﬁ cient transport, including smooth inter- assume the functions legally assigned of its purpose, ADIF has own assets modal transport, that contribute to economic to the infrastructures manager. development. that are regulated under the Rail Sector Act 39/2003 of November 17, Act • Keeps emissions and waste production within • The state owned company, Gestor 6/1977 of 14 April, Organization global absorption levels, reduces the use of de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (GIF) non-renewable energies, reuses and recycles and Functions of General State be closed. Subrogation by ADIF of materials, minimizes land use occupation and Administration, state budget laws, and noise production levels. all rights and responsibilities of GIF. other applicable legislation. Ownership of all capital and goods UITP, Union Internationale des Transports in the public domain assigned or Publics Passage of the Rail Sector Act meant belonging to GIF be signed over to the transformation of the Spanish ADIF. rail sector, due to which, ADIF was The approval of a group of Directives established on 1 January 2005 to aimed at dynamizing the European • Creation of the state owned assume management of the new rail rail sector led to a need to make rail company RENFE – Operadora, infrastructure. transport more competitive, and open to provide freight and passenger national rail markets to international transport services, and rolling stock The transport sector plays an essential freight transport companies established maintenance. role in economic, social and in any European Union Member State. environmental progress. ADIF´s articles of incorporation, Directive 91/440 clearly deﬁ nes the approved by Royal Decree difference between rail infrastructure 2395/2004, determine its basic management and the provision of structural organization, management transport services by rail companies, bodies and general legal regime. and encourages Member States

13 ADIF Competencies and Functions (*) h) Submit reports on rail company licenses and p) Establish steps to be followed in the rail permits for the provision of public interest accident investigation procedures within its a) Approval of basic projects and rail services to the Ministry of Transport and fore. infrastructure construction projects that Infrastructures for fi nal authorization, under the should form part of the General Interest terms set forth in the Rail Sector Act. q) Draft an annual report on all incidents and Rail Network, if so determined by Ministry accidents occurring in the course of the of Transport and Infrastructures decisions i) Issue of safety certifi cates, when so provision of the rail transport service. on project confi rmation or modifi cation. determined by the Ministry of Transport and Construction of such infrastructures, provided Infrastructures. r) Draft a contingency plan stipulating the that these are paid for by ADIF, and built in measures required to reestablish normal accordance with Ministry of Transport and j) Draft the instructions and bulletins necessary to service in case of accident, technical failure Infrastructure decisions. clearly defi ne the conditions for operations on or any other incident that disrupts rail traffi c. the General Interest Rail Network. b) Construction of rail infrastructures using State s) Resolve any claims of liability affecting its or third party funding, in keeping with the k) Provision of additional, complementary and holdings that are made due to Company terms of agreement reached. auxiliary rail transport services. actions.

c) Management of own rail infrastructures, l) Set rates for the provision of additional t) Any others assigned under applicable and of those it is assigned under individual complementary and auxiliary services and legislation. agreements. collect these, when appropriate. (*) Article 21 of Rail Sector Act 39/2003; d) Supervision and inspection of the rail m) Collect operating fees for use of rail Article 3 of ADIF By-laws infrastructures under its management, infrastructures, and, when applicable, the surrounding safety zones, and of rail trafﬁ c charges for the provision of additional on these. complementary and auxiliary services.

e) Use of property and goods owned outright n) Management, settlement and collection of and assigned, as well as those placed under charges, in compliance with the terms set its management. forth in the Rail Sector Act.

f) Draft and publication of rail network status ñ) Cooperation with the rail infrastructure statement, under the terms set forth in the Rail management bodies of other European Sector Act and rules of implementation. Union member States, to establish and assign infrastructure capacity involving more than g) Assign infrastructure capacity to rail one national network. companies so requesting and enter framework agreements with these. o) Enter framework agreements with rail companies.

14 THE NETWORK MANAGED BY ADIF

TYPE OF ELECTRIFICATION

Compensated Catenaries Uncompensated Catenaries High-Speed Catenaries

ELECTRIFIED NETWORK Two way electrifi ed 3Kv Two way non-electrifi ed One way electrifi ed 3Kv One way non-electrifi ed Two way electrifi ed 25Kv 58Hz One way electrifi ed 25Kv 58Hz One way electrifi ed 1,5Kv

The network now managed by ADIF With nearly 13,000 kilometers of includes almost all of the General track, the network supports the daily Interest Rail Network (Red Ferroviaria trafﬁ c of close to 5,000 trains runnning de Interés General - REFIG) that was approximately 500,000 kilometers under RENFE management prior to each day. passage of the Rail Sector Act, the Madrid- Seville High Speed line Trains running on ADIF managed rail lines owned outright by ADIF and other High travel the equivalent of 11 trips around the Speed lines whose construction and world each day operation had been assigned to the rail infrastructures management company, The rail network is primarily broad GIF (Gestor de Infraestructuras gauge with an increasing proportion Ferroviarias). of UIC gauge tracks, serving the needs of different trains (high speed, long distance, regional, commuter and freight).

15 Table 1.- Network Managed by ADIF and Equipment Year Length (km) 2005 (1) Length of Network 12,808 High Speed Network (Int´l or UIC gauge) 1,010 Conventional Network (Broad Gauge) 11,759 Mixed Gauge (Broad Gauge-Int´l Gauge) 21 Narrow Gauge Network (Metric Gauge) 18 Type of Electrifi cation One way electrifi ed 3,629 One way non-electrifi ed 5,236 Two way electrifi ed 3,913 Two way non-electrifi ed 30 Type of Blocking CTC(2) automatic blocking 6,401 Automatic Block Control (ABC) 518 Communications, Signalling and Safety Radiotelephone System 8,232 GSM-R System 1,024 ASFA System 9,842

(1) Data from Network Status Statement, July 2005 (2) CTC: Centralized Trafﬁ c Control

Table 2.- Network Managed by ADIF. Maximum Speeds ( Track Stretch Length– km) Year Stretches admitting Speeds: 2005 (1)

Over 200 km/h 656 200 km/h 675 140 - 160 km/h 4,529 100 - 140 km/h 3,717 Below 100 km/h 3,231

(1) Data from Network Status Statement, July 2005

16 In the course of 2005, new were INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT assets added to the general interest rail network (REFIG) and a several In addition to rail infrastructure stretches of conventional track were management (operation and decomissioned. maintenance) ADIF is responsible for construction of new lines ordered by the

Assets Incorporated to REFIG(*) State, which may be owned by ADIF, 1. Madrid-Toledo High Speed Line Authorized ﬁ nanced with ADIF capital, or State to commence service, 14 November, 2005 owned and ﬁ nanced.

(*)Assets incorporated to REFIG after Network Status Statement 2005 ADIF is currently building and will manage a series of new rail accesses, that are now in varying stages of development. Assets Decommissioned(*) The following stretches of conventional track 1. Algodor – Toledo New Rail Accesses Assigned to ADIF 2. Point km 3,405 – Zaragoza Arrabal • Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona-Figueres High 3. Cogullada – Zaragoza Arrabal Speed Line 4. Fork Tres Cantos – Fork Universidad • Madrid-Segovia-Valladolid High Speed Line 5. Barna Can Tunis – Barna Sants • Córdoba-Málaga High Speed Line 6. Barcelona Sants – El Prat de Llobregat • Madrid-Castile La Mancha- Regional Valencia-Regional Murcia High Speed Line (*)Assets decommissioned after Network Status • Ourense-Santiago stretch of High Speed Line Report 2005 to Galicia • Robla-Pola de Lena stretch (alternate of Pajares) of León-Asturias High Speed Line • Vitoria-Bilbao-San Sebastián High Speed Line • Soria-Calatayud High Speed Line • Stretch between Almería and Murcia Region border • Stretch between Navalmoral de la Mata- Cáceres of Madrid-Cáceres-Mérida-Badajoz High Speed Line • Bobadilla-Granada High Speed Line

17 SERVICES

ADIF´s scope of competency includes provision of the following services:

• Access Services • Additional, Complementary and Auxiliary Services

Access Services Provided by ADIF Additional Services include: track to Access to REFIG • Assign Capacity to rail companies and other candidates REFIG maintenance, repair and supply rail lines • Infrastructure use by rail companies and other candidates, facilities access. ADIF may only refuse including train trafﬁ c control to serve rail company demands if other • Supply necessary basic information to candidate companies, such feasible alternatives are available at as Network Status Report, train schedules and status standard market prices. Access to stations • Access to passenger stations, including: and other facilities • Passenger use of public areas in stations Complementary Services are those • Train stabling and platform use (Stabling Capacity) ADIF can choose to offer to rail • Shunting management services companies, and must provide to • Station access surveillance and control service • Access to gauge switching tracks* companies that request them.

* rail companies are responsible for: technical rolling stock operations, engine coupling, brake Auxiliary Services are those that rail tests, defrosting, gauge switching maneuvers and operations. companies may request of ADIF or other service providers, but that ADIF is not obligated to provide.

18 Additional, Complementary and Auxiliary Services Provided by ADIF Framed in this context, ADIF´s 2006- Additional Services • Train access to Terminal 2010 Strategic Plan, approved by the • Train dispatch from Terminal Board of Directors on 17 February 2006, defi nes a fi ve year road map, within a Complementary • Vehicle access via motorway Services • Operations for access to outside facilities without maneuvering new organizational model. It establishes vehicle the ADIF Mission, Vision and Values • Operations for access to outside facilities with maneuvering vehicle and describes the strategic objectives • Maneuvers in terminals / installations without maneuvering vehicle to be pursued over the fi ve year period, • Maneuvers in terminals / installations with maneuvering vehicle which were largely determined by the • Intermodal transport unit handling attributes conferred to ADIF under the Rail • Full cargo transfer at Irún & Port Bou border terminals • Traction current supply Sector Act and Strategic Transport and • Fuel supply Infrastructures Plan. • Traffi c Safety related services Over the next fi ve years ADIF will invest Auxiliary Services • Commercial invoicing • Wagon weighing more than 23,415 million euros in high • Sand supply performance network infrastructures, • Stocking of intermodal transport units as well as renovations and upgrading • Storage of intermodal transport units of stations and terminals in the State • Materials cleaning owned network. Of these, 1,786 • Carriage planning and customer information million euros is earmarked for • Maneuvering support for train entry / dispatch and/or traffi c to and from facilities improvement and modernization of • Rental of installations and space company owned assets, such as • Vehicle parking passenger stations, freight terminals, • Rental of auxiliary means fi ber optics network, etc.

2006-2010 STRATEGIC PLAN The Plan assigns over 48% of projected investments, some 108,760 The Strategic Transport and million euros, to the rail sector in a Infrastructure Plan (PEIT), approved by strategic decision that includes two the Council of Ministers on 15 July, basic axes: Development of a High 2005, deﬁ nes the basic guidelines for Performance Network providing mid and long-term (2005-2020) State balanced rail service to all corners of transport and infrastructures actions. the nation, and reinforcement of the freight and commuter networks.

19 COMPANY STRUCTURE from RENFE, to facilitate its adaptation Infrastructure Projects, Programming, to the new rail system environment. and Construction. During 2005, its ﬁ rst year in operation, ADIF maintained the Business Unit The Directorate for the Environment is based organizational scheme inherited part of the General Directorate for

Company Structure (*)

CHAIRMAN OF ADIF Antonio González Marín

GENERAL DIRECTOR OF SAFETY & SECURITY, ORGANIZATION, HUMAN GENERAL SECRETARIAT FOR BOARD RESOURCES AND INTERNACIONAL OF DIRECTORS RELATIONS María Rosa Sanz Cerezo Mariano Garrido García

GENERAL DIRECTOR OF GENERAL DIRECTOR OF INFRAESTRUCTURE PROJECTS, ECONOMICS, FINANTIAL & PROGRAMMING, AND AUDITING CONSTRUCTION Ricardo Bolufer Nieto Luis María Pérez Fabregat

GENERAL DIRECTOR OF PLANNING GENERAL DIRECTOR OF OPERATOR FOR INFRAESTRUCTURE CAPACITY SERVICES AND MAINTENANCE Rafael López González Manuel Sánchez Doblado

DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS & EXTERNAL RELATIONS Francisco Javier Sevillano Nacarino

(*) ADIF Strategic Plan 2006-20010,stabliced a new management model, available in web www.adif.es

The company also has various senior management. The Board is made up ADIF also has an Executive Committee, level governing bodies that meet of the Chairman of ADIF, who is also that serves the Chairman as a periodically to deliberate upon and Chairman of the Board, 17 board deliberating and advisory body on the adopt main decisions affecting the members appointed by the Ministry of highest level of affairs. The Chairman, organization. The ﬁ rst of these is the Transport and Infrastructure, and the the General Directors and the Secretary Board of Directors, the highest decision Secretary of the Board. of the Board of Directors make up the making body on organization and Executive Committee.

20 CHARACTERISTIC MAGNITUDES

Table 3.- Principal Magnitudes (2005) Personnel Executive Management (No.) 28 Managerial Structure (No.) 779 Support Structure (No.) 709 Middle Management (No.) 2,379 Operations Personnel (No.) 10,704 Other (No.) 135 Total (No.)(*) 14,734

Resources Number of stations (No.) 1,704

Trafﬁ c Managed Trains circulating (No.) 1,807,064 km-train year (thousands) 184,212

Rail Transport Train Runs Trains-km (thousands) 202,836 Managed (**) Passenger 138,922 Freight 36,067 Work & maneuvers 27,847 Passengers (millions) 505.44 Tons (thousands) 25,520 Average journey per passenger (km) 39 Average journey per ton (km) 434 No. passengers/train 143 No. tons/train 307 Passengers-Km (millions) - PKM 19,808 Tons-Km (millions) - TKM 11,071 Transport Units (millions) -TUM 30,879 (*) Data from 31 of December 2006 (**) Source: RENFE Operadora

Table 4.- Punctuality (% of on-time arrival/departure) (*) Passenger Trains AVE Madrid-Seville 99.6 AVE Madrid – Zaragoza - Lleida 99.2 Main Lines 95.8 Regional 96.6 Commuter 98.9

Freight Freight 95.0 (*) Source: RENFE Operadora

21 22 4. ADIF´s Environmental Balance Sheet

ADIF´s commitment to environmental responsibility. Key results and future opportunities.

In this fi rst year of operation, ADIF´s This section describes ADIF ´s In both cases the eco-effi ciency ratio environmental management efforts environmental balance sheet based analysis was performed using the eco- necessarily centered on the construction on the analysis of two representative compass obtained from the graphic of the new rail infrastructures it had aspects of its environmental representation of the key indicators been assigned to build, but without performance: selected. neglecting the environmental aspects associated with its own company • One emblematic case is the activities and their contribution to the construction of the High Speed CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: THE environmental sustainability of the rail Tunnels under the Guadarrama CASE OF THE NEW MADRID- transport system. mountain range that involved NORTH-NORTHWEST HIGH SPEED numerous environmental challenges. LINE (MADRID –VALLADOLID). ADIF is fulfi lling its mission of A series of preventive and THE GUADARRAMA HIGH SPEED guaranteeing that all stages of the corrective measures were adopted TUNNELS new high speed infrastructure designs, during works to offset potential projects, plans and works comply environmental impacts. Once The high speed train between Madrid with both European and Spanish fi nalized, the new High Speed and Valladolid is scheduled to go into environmental law, and seeing that service connecting Madrid to North service in 2007. Within the Strategic the lines are built as described under and Northwestern regions will mean Infrastructure and Transport Plan (PEIT), the terms of the Environmental Impact much shorter travel time, and attract the line is considered a basic link in Statement (EIS) approved by the passengers now traveling by other Spain’s growing high speed network. Ministry of Environment means to train travel. This modal transfer to train will lead to external The sheer size of the Guadarrama As noted in the Governance Structure savings valued at 77.3 million euros tunnels for the section linking Mirafl ores and Management Systems and annually, reduce end-user energy – Segovia posed one of the principal Environmental Performance sections consumption by 91.2 thousand engineering challenges of these works. of this Report, ADIF established equivalent tons of oil per year, and These are two dual tube parallel one- a strict environmental follow-up lower greenhouse gas emissions way tunnels, each 28.4 km long, 8.5 system for all works, to assess the by 99.5 million equivalent tons of m in diameter and with a 30 meter degrees of Environmental Criteria carbon dioxide per year. separation between axes. They were Protocol measures adoption, and of the fi rst high speed tunnels in the world environmental objective achievement, • The eco-effi ciency ratio of ADIF built without using intermediate points- ensure compliance with terms of the managed rail transport system of-attack, and are the fourth longest Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) infrastructures based on 2005 in Europe. Boring and concrete arch and so avoid potential environmental recorded traffi c. facing began in September 2002, impacts. under GIF, and ended in May 2005.

23 Construction of the Guadarrama High Speed Tunnels took three years. The following are examples of efﬁ cient energy and materials consumption:

• Average annual water consumption during construction was 200.000 m3, the equivalent of 8.2% of overall water consumption in ADIF´s activities.

• Average annual electrical energy consumed was 59 GWh, or 2.2% of ADIF´s overall electricity consumption.

Once in operation, the new High Speed service connecting Madrid to North and Northwestern regions will mean savings on externalities of 77.3 million euros annually, due to the trafﬁ c transfers expected from other modes of transport.

24 Environmental Balance Sheet - Construction The Guadarrama High Speed Tunnels Technical Characteristics

Two 52 m2 usable section tubes Excavation diameter: 9.45 m Total length: 2 x 28,377 m = 56,754 m Interior diameter: 8.50 m Transversal evacuation galleries: 250 / 150 m Emergency station: 2.500 m2

Excavation (*) Reutilization (**) Quarry ﬁ ll

Lots 1 & 2 (Southern Mouth) 3,564,094 m3 2,154,585 m3 60.45% 1,409,510 m3 39.55% Lots 3 & 4 (Northern Mouth) 2,632,898 m3 642,762 m3 24.41% 1,990,136 m3 75.59%

Totals 6,196,992 m3 2,797,347 m3 45.14% 3,399,646 m3 54.86%

(*) Tunnels (75 % of total), galleries & emergency station & auxiliary (**) Worksite roads, works backﬁ ll, shaping layer, aggregates for works. concrete

Water Use Consumption Recirculation

Total 3,800,000 m3 600,000 m3 15.78% 3,200,000 m3 84.22%

Electricity Used (for 4 tunnelers, services and extraction conveyor belts) Resources Consumed Lots 1 & 2 (Southern Mouth) 82,158,870 kWh Concrete 900,000 m3 Lots 3 & 4 (Northern Mouth) 94,836,690 kWh Steel 50,000 t

Total 176,995,560 kWh

Environmental Actions • Controlled blasting to avoid destruction of • Drainage systems concrete fl oored at surrounding fl ora. passage works and mouths to avoid erosion. Preventive and corrective measures included • Periodical sprinkling of affected areas to • Lower nocturnal illumination levels. the decision to prolong tunnels approximately eliminate effects of dust accumulation on • Power lines and catenaries installed with ´bird 500 m on each end, to avoid tunnel exits surrounding plants. alert´ devices to avoid electrocution or collision. affecting environmentally valuable protected • Reduction or elimination of risks caused by: • Special mini-habitats created for protected or areas. materials accumulation; use of nails, wires, unusual species. hooks, cables, etc. on trees or bushes, lighting Protective measures for vegetation include: of fi res; oil, fuel and chemical product spills. The measures adopted to avoid altering water quality due to possible turbidity surges or • Transplanting of trees and bushes, particularly Fauna protection measures included: accidental contaminants spillage include: autochthonous species such as oak, juniper, Holm oak and ash trees. Transplanting • Clearly defi ned worksite stakeout to avoid • Emergency dumping plan. was particularly intense around tunnel habitat destruction, monitoring and control of • Elimination of holes or sinks in terrain to mouth areas, where approximately 150 dust, contaminants and noise emissions. preclude lagooning of runoff waters. transplantations were made. • Cease in blasting and clearing work during • WWT of offi ce and dressing room area effl uents. • The work site perimeter was staked off to breeding and nesting seasons. • Adaptation of natural channels via transversal keep machinery in authorized areas and • Escape routes included for micro fauna in passage works, to guarantee evacuation of avoid affecting surrounding vegetation. ditches and longitudinal drainage works. fl ash infl uxes and solid washout.

25 • Monitoring of earthworks and all operations All passages, roads and services affected gas emissions estimated at 99.5 thousand that could negatively affect water quality or were replaced/reopened to maintain equivalent tons of carbon dioxide per year. alter its natural ﬂ ow. territorial permeability. In terms of Safety, the annual savings will be • Treatment of tunnel waters. Restoration of a total surface area of 12.15 million euros per year. The annual • Proper location of auxiliary installations 1,935 m2, of the zones occupied by works savings due to lower impacts on climate (machinery park, ofﬁ ces, stockpiles, concrete installations services and materials. change and air pollution will be 6.65 million plants) to avoid affecting groundwater. euros, and 2.19 million euros, respectively. • Closed circuit reuse of works water, which The Madrid-North-Northwest high speed line Expected savings will more than compensate in addition to greatly lowering water usage (Madrid –Valladolid) operations for the higher price to be paid in noise, levels, eliminated pollutant dumping. urban areas and upstream and downstream The New Madrid-Valladolid High Speed Line, processes. Measures adopted to reduce emissions into scheduled to begin operating in 2007, will the atmosphere and acoustic contamination run on a 70 km shorter route and reduce travel include: time by 90 minutes.

• Sprinkling and covering of stockpiled In the mid term, when all works on the North- materials. Northwest rail network are complete, travel • Sprinkling of works roads and protective times to destinations along the route will be netting on materials hauled by truck. similarly shortened. The new journey times • Use of dust collectors at boring points, and will be:1: Madrid – Santander 3 h 20 min; removal of boring detritus. Madrid – La Coruña 3h 40 min; Madrid – • Works machinery maintenance (engine Pontevedra 4h; Madrid – Oviedo 3h; Madrid calibration, fi lters, etc.) – Santander 3h 20 min; Madrid – Guipúzcoa • Use of auxiliary installations and roadways to 2h 15 min; Madrid – Vizcaya 2 h 10 min. keep materials away from inhabited areas, restricted schedules for particularly noisy Shorter travel times will lead to major changes activities near inhabited areas. in modal transport distribution to these • Installation of temporary noise reduction destinations. Studies performed1 indicate panels, and hourly restrictions on activities that the total transfer expected to rail from exceeding admissible noise levels. other modes of transport will be 982 million passengers- kilometer per year. The principal measures adopted for proper management of waste produced were: The estimated sources1 of the traffi c transfers by passenger-kilometer are: 63.9% from • Rock excavated during works was used to automobile, 27.7% from coach and 8.4% from manufacture the tunnel facing arches, as well plane. as for ballast, loose ballasting and granulate layers, thus avoiding landscape and Environmental benefi ts provided by the atmospheric impacts caused by extraction of Madrid-North-Northwest high speed line such large amounts of materials. • Dual use of the quarries and crushing The modal transfers from other means of plants in operation as materials stockpile transport to the new line will bring: Estimated sites to lower land occupation and soil savings2 on externalities of 77.3 million degradation. euros per year, reduced energy consumption3 • Electrical conveyor belts to cut back on estimated at 44.6 thousand equivalent acoustic and atmospheric pollution. tons of oil per year, and lower greenhouse

26 Cost component breakdown of savings on externalities, not Eco-efﬁ ciency ratio of passenger transport transferred from including savings on trafﬁ c congestion other transportation modes, vs. that of modes of transport (millions of euros/yr) now used

Accidents Final Energy Consumption 14 160

12 140

10 Additional cost s Noise 120 8 in urban areas 100

6 Additional cost 80 GHG Emisions in urban areas 4 60

2 40

0 20

0 Upstream/downstream Air Pollution processes

Cost of upstream/downstream Total external cost processes Nature and Landscape Climate Change

New Line Madrid - NORTH / NORTHWEST Transport modes transferred to train

The eco-effi ciency ratio of passenger transport on the new line, Noise New Line Madrid - NORTH / NORTHWEST Transport modes transferred to train compared with all traffi c modes from which transfers will occur (current situation) is clearly seen on the eco-compass graph of 1Source: Global Balance of Rail Activity in Spain 1991-2007. the six typical indicators. Effects of Estimated Demand in Spain´s New Rail Network Scenario. 2Source: Own data compiled using INFRAS 2004, considering modal traffi c transfers foreseen. 3Source: Own estimate based on energy consumption and GHG emissions per transport unit, for different modes and transfers foreseen

27 ECO-EFFICIENCY RATIO OF ADIF Contribution to environmental sustainability MANAGED RAIL TRANSPORT of ADIF managed rail transport system SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURES infrastructures. 2005

Based on traffi c recorded in 2005 on ADIF The contribution to environmental managed infrastructures, after applying the sustainability of ADIF managed modal substitution hypothesis, the contribution rail transport system infrastructures is: is based on three key elements: • Savings on externalities of 3,413 million Energy consumption, greenhouse gas euros. emissions and external costs. • Lower fi nal energy consumption estimated at 1,039 thousand equivalent tons of oil. • Lower greenhouse gas emissions estimated The system’s 2005 eco-effi ciency ratio at 2.9 million equivalent tons of carbon was estimated using the following dioxide. hypothesis of modal substitution (other traffi c modes that will change to train):

• Freight: truck haulage 100%. • Regional and commuter train: coach 20%; automobile 80%. • Main Lines: plane 10%; coach15%; automobile 75%. • High Speed: plane 30%; automobile 70%.

28 Graph 1: Eco-efﬁ ciency Ratio of Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF, vs. modal substitution hypothesis

Total External Costs 700

600

500

400

300

Final Energy 200 Cost of Noise Consumption 100

Cost of upstream / downstream GHG Emissions processes Rail Transport System on ADIF managed infrastructures Modal substitution hypothesis

The eco-effi ciency ratio of rail transport in 2005 compared using the modal substitution hypothesis is clearly seen on the eco-compass graph refl ecting the fi ve typical indicators selected. These include the three key indicators – total external costs, fi nal energy consumption and GHG emissions- and two secondary indicators – external costs for noise and upstream / downstream processes, which were applied for downward adjustment of the eco-effi ciency ratio.

The Eco-efﬁ ciency ratio cited will rise markedly once the new high speed lines commence operations.

29 30 5. Vision and Strategy

ADIF aspires to be a benchmark The Company´s 2006-2010 Strategic ADIF embraces transparency and social Company in rail management services responsibility as part of its overall mission Plan maps out the guidelines for worldwide, to further develop Spain´s railway market. fulfi llment of its obligations, including known for its environmental Through a combination of innovation/self- the principles for self-improvement and improvement measures, accompanied by respectfulness, fi nancial soundness development, Mission, Vision and mechanisms to facilitate more fl uent interaction excellent public service, and optimum with other operators, it aims to meet the Values, strategic objectives and key use of public funds challenge of enhancing the competitive initiatives. advantage of rail over other transport modes.

Among the multiple responsibilities assumed, ADIF is bound to guarantee a transparent egalitarian setting of equal infrastructure access to new, old and conﬁ rmed players, and build thousands of kilometers of high speed rail lines that will make Spain one of the world’s leading providers of high speed rail services.

Regulatory changes

New business Strategic Plan Changes within sector model ADIF 2006-2010

New model for new actor / sector relations

Basic Aspects Strategic Plan 2006-2010

31 OUR VISION, OUR MISSION, OUR Values VALUES Committed, effective Maximum effi ciency in the management of public funds, management encouragement of individual creativity & initiatives, customer ADIF ´s Mission / Vision is defi ned centered decision making, while meeting public service commitment. by the responsibilities assumed within Committed Action Excellence in all systems and processes, innovation in technological the legal framework of its activities, and management systems, with maximum priority assigned to under the Rail Act and the Strategic safety, ADIF´s foremost commitment. Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT). Transparency and Protect the environment and promote sustainable development, aid Social Responsibility in the reconciliation of professional and personal life, guarantee Mission equal opportunity, and serve the general interest through sound, Build up the Spanish rail system through safe, objective, and transparent governance. effi cient, sustainable and economically sound infrastructure development and management, while meeting the highest standards of quality. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND KEY Key environment related initiatives refl ected in INITIATIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT ADIF´s 2006-2010 Strategic Plan Vision Make ADIF a benchmark organization ADIF established general strategic • Draft an Environmental Report among European infrastructures, known for its objectives and key initiatives for • Draft Master Plans on: excellent management practices, innovation, achievement by 2010. integration and social commitment. • Waste The roadmap of strategic objectives • Emissions • Water Quality, safety and respect for the will guide the way to accomplishment environment are strategic goals for of the sustainability objectives included • Launch the Energy Savings Initiative ADIF. in Spain’s Strategic Infrastructure and Transport Plan, whose purpose is to turn railway into the nation’s number one passenger and freight transport system, through improvement of the social, economic and environmental advantages it brings.

In addition to this contribution to an environmentally sustainable transport system, ADIF has identiﬁ ed further environmental opportunities directly related to its own business operations and activities.

32 ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES

2005, ADIF´s ﬁ rst year of operation, was one of full scope change. The environmental objectives for 2006 were set after approval of the 2006- 2010 Strategic Plan.

These included the Master Plans described below.

Master Plan for Water Savings Objetives: •Determine the real levels of water consumed in own and subcontrated activities •Deﬁ ne the actions needed to archieve the following between 2007-2010: •Reduce own comsuption by 10% ADIF Overall Objectives Strategic Plan 2006-2010 •Reduce subcontrated activities comsuption by 5%

ADIF Environmental Objectives for 2006

33 34 Master Plan for Emissions Reduction Noise in UOT Objectives: Objectives:

•Determine the emission levels from the •Draw up Strategic Noise Map energy consumption of Uses Other Than Traction (UOT) for own activities (lighting, •Action Plan specifying activities to be heating, maneuvers at terminals) performed over the next fi ve (5) years to lower the number of persons affected by •In coordination with the Energy a given level of noise in a specifi c area, Conservation Plan, defi ne the actions located on a strategic noise map needed to achieve a 10% reduction in ADIF air emissions between 2007-2010

Ensure Legal and EIS Compliance Master Plan for Hazardous Waste Objectives: Management

Objectives: •Draw up Strategic Noise Map in main rail junctions with trafﬁ c > 60,000 trains/ •Analyze possibilities for a common ADIF year, prior to 30 July, 2007 management system, taking advantage of synergies among Executive Directorates •PCB Elimination Plan

•Processes simpliﬁ cation, reduction of total •Draft Preliminary Status Reports on soils management cost and product volume affected by potentially contaminating activities, prior to 6 February 2007

35 36 6. Governance Structure and Management Systems

One of the three key principles of Environmental Code of Conduct of the Rail and maintenance to avoid creating noise ADIF´s corporate identity is to “be a Infrastructures Administrator nuisances and reduce harmful emissions into socially responsible company” the atmosphere. 1. Maintain the corporate policy of commitment to compliance with current 9. Implement environmental protection training, One of the three key principles of environmental legislation and cooperation with awareness and motivation systems for workers, ADIF´s corporate identity cited in offi cial bodies charged with their supervision technicians, management personnel of all its Strategic Plan is “be a socially and enforcement. company organizational units. responsible company”. By formally 2. Require that all affi liate companies, 10. Develop the principles refl ected in this assuming its commitment to society and contractors and suppliers, assume an identical Code in each and every Business Unit, making it part of its fi ve year strategy, commitment to compliance with legislation by defi ning specifi c timely objectives and actions ADIF underscores the fact that the including it as a requirement in the company’s that achieve a maximum degree of coherence procurement policy for goods and services. with those of other policies, particularly strategy itself was designed to achieve Quality, Emergency Safety and Security and economically and environmentally 3. Establish environmental monitoring systems Occupational Risk Policies. sustainable infrastructures. based on selfdiscipline by Business Units and on drafting internal corporate procedures 11. Provide maximum corporate support to to assign responsibilities and supervision of Business Units, and encourage their adoption environmental management controls. of specifi c commitments to continuous ADIF´S ENVIRONMENTAL environmental improvement, through COMMITMENT 4. Establish proper programs to guarantee implementation of periodical certifi cation and maximum respect for all natural spaces of auditing of environmental management systems ecological, scientifi c, educational, cultural, for specifi c installations and/or services, This commitment inspires ADIF´s scenic, or recreational interest crossed by rail performed in accordance with ISO 14000 technical and economic efforts to infrastructures. Standards. provide modern, high quality rail 5. Implement the programs required to ensure services. While train transport has many more rational use of water and energy intrinsic qualities that already serve to resources. reduce environmental impact, ADIF is conscious of other potential impacts 6. Through the procurement policy, make more effi cient use of non-energy natural resources, associated with the maintenance reduce the consumption of toxic substances and transport operations of the rail and, in any case, progressively change to the infrastructures it has been entrusted by least damaging alternative substances that the State. are technologically feasible, even when not required by law.

7. Reduce the level of waste and waste water produced, assigning preferential use to reduction, reuse and recycling systems.

8. Adopt adequate measures in the planning infrastructures, services, the purchase of new rolling stock and track systems design

37 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT • Clean-up and decontamination after incidents and accidents ADIF´s Environment Directorate is in charge of the certiﬁ cation and • Implementation of Environmental coordination of all environment related Management Systems in accordance activities, and is further responsible with ISO 14001 for monitoring and coordinating management of the different areas of ADIF has Standard Procedures for the activity having to do with: Management and Coordination of Environmental Activities, that contain • Preparation of statistics on the use instructions on the environmental of natural resources, emissions of air management and coordination pollutants, and energy consumption required of organizational and operational areas. One of the • Waste management objectives for 2006 is to revise and adapt these Procedures to the new • Waste water management management model.

• Certifying that all Basic Projects and all stages of Construction Projects, including modiﬁ cations and additions, properly comply with the terms of the Environmental Impact Statement

• Environmental Monitoring of Works

• Certiﬁ cation of quarries for spoil

• Reclamation of embankments of infrastructure elements on existing lines

• Landscaping of stations or urban boundaries

• Actions to reduce noise and vibration nuisance

38 In addition to the Standard Procedures, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ADIF has implemented several SYSTEMS CERTIFICATION initiatives for improving environmental performance, such as: A key element of ADIF´s Environmental Code of Conduct is to assume • An environmental guarantee clause speciﬁ c commitments to continued as part of all approval procedures environmental improvement efforts for external audits, consultancy through Environmental Management services (RACE) and investments System (EMS), implementation, certiﬁ cation and periodical audit. • Environmental information in the Central Supplier’s Registry

• Mandatory use of recycled paper in administrative tasks

• Participation in environmental forums

• An Environmental Task Force, with the joint participation of trade unions and company management, regulated under the Collective Bargaining Agreement.

• Application of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines in its Environmental Report, and external audits of compliance to standardize public communications on environmental objectives and progress.

39 Table 5.- ISO 14001 Certifi cation. Certifi cations Obtained Area (*) Scope Certifi cation

Passenger Stations-Northwest Territorial Mgmt. General station services, installation AENOR: maintenance, safety, customer service and GA-2004/0562 information, and ticket sales. Management of commercial activities, space allotment, shop leases, monitoring of activities and establishments, and car park management. Includes Pontevedra Station.

Passenger Stations-Southern Territorial Mgmt. In the Almería Intermodal Station and the AENOR: Jerez de la Frontera Railway Station, this GA-2004/0176 includes: General station services, installation maintenance, safety, customer service and information, and ticket sales. Management of commercial activities, leases, organization and monitoring of shop locations and establishments.

For the Almeria Intermodal Station, this includes: Car park management, commercial management of coach bays and coach parking.

Passenger Stations-North Territorial Mgmt. General station services, installation AENOR: maintenance, safety, customer service and GA-2000/0265 information, and ticket sales. Management of commercial activities, space allotment, shop leases, monitoring of activities and establishments, and car park management. Includes Bilbao Abando, Centro Vialia and Santander Stations.

Passenger Stations-Southwest Territorial Mgmt. General station services, installation AENOR: maintenance, safety, customer service and GA-2003/0017 information, and ticket sales. Management of commercial activities, space allotment, shop leases, monitoring of activities and establishments, and car park management in the Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Seville Santa Justa Stations.

40 Tabla 5.- Certifi cación ISO 14001. Certifi caciones obtenidas Area (*) Scope Certifi cation

B.U. Infrastructure Maintenance Maintenance and modernization of area rail AENOR: installations along conventional width lines, GA-2003/0450 including signaling, substations, infrastructure, tracks and telecommunications in twenty-four (24) stations.

B.U. Combined Transport Intermodal freight transport Madrid - Abroñigal AENOR: & Barcelona - Morrot, Silla, Seville La Negrilla, CGM-97/021 San Roque & Noain; and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) transport between Martorell & Irún. Includes eight (8) stations.

Trafﬁ c Business Unit Track assignment and capacity optimization, AENOR: trafﬁ c management of the general interest rail GA-1999/0142 network assigned to ADIF, and application of general safety and civil defense rules, regulations and legislation. Includes twenty (20) stations.

(*) In 2005 ADIF maintained the Business Unit organizational scheme inherited from RENFE.

41 On 8 July, 2005 ADIF´s Environmental ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS Project Adjustment to EIS Content Division and Passenger Stations BU MANAGEMENT signed a framework agreement to Part of the authority vested in ADIF collaborate in environmental affairs, Procurement under the Ministry of Transport and agreed to perform environmental and Infrastructures Resolution is the diagnostic reviews on eighteen After individualized analysis of supervision and reconsideration of (18) stations, as a prior step to suppliers and subcontractors, basic and other rail infrastructure environmental management systems procurement managers added construction projects for the General implementation, and later qualifi cation environmental guarantee clauses to Interest Rail Network, and certifi cation for ISO 14001 certifi cation. supplier/subcontractor contracts, of compliance by such projects with pursuant to the environmental their respective Environmental Impact quality assurance goals set by the Statements (EIS). Passenger Stations included under the Environmental Directorate. Environmental Management Systems Implementation Program Final approval of Basic Projects, The procurement system established: Construction Projects, Modifi cations • Barcelona-França, and Complementary additions • Reus, • Vitoria, • Promotes and encourages to Projects for ADIF managed • Tudela de Navarra, procurement of environmentally infrastructures is made by the company • Huesca, respectful goods and services. Chairman. • Calatayud, • Ronda, • Jaén, • Provides a benchmark for adaptation To guarantee EIS compliance, the • A Coruña, of procurement processes to ensure following requirements have been • Vilagarcía, compliance with environmental included in ADIF ´s Standard Project • Valencia-Nord, legislation. Approval Procedure: • Murcia, • Oviedo, • Ponferrada, • Provides technical support to a.- An EIS Project Compliance • Zamora, suppliers in the prevention of Report, for all Basic, Modifi ed and • Mérida, • Cáceres environmental risk, as part of Complementary Projects. • Badajoz goods and services procurement management. b.- An EIS Project Compliance Certifi cate for Construction Projects. • Spreads the word on ADIF´s Commitment to Respect for the These documents must be submitted Environment. in order for the project to receive fi nal approval by the Chairman.

42 Environmental Monitoring of Works Environmental Protocols Criteria The construction of rail infrastructures involves a great many environmental considerations. In less than one year, the active worksite length went from 520 km (Feb 2005) to 619 km (Jan Environmental Integration Environmental Objectives 2006). Indicators

To ensure compliance with Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) requirements, and avoid potential Environmental Monitoring Files environmental impacts, ADIF established a strict environmental Environmental Monitoring Indicators worksite monitoring system.

Under Environmental Protocol speciﬁ cations, an Environmental Supervisor of Works (ESW) is Environmental Monitoring Works under Construction responsible for the supervision and monitoring of each worksite, on each stretch of track under construction.

Monthly follow-up Environmental Directorate EIS Statements each semester reports

Head of Environmental Impact Assessment

Coordinator Environmental Managers Analysis & Control

Procedure for Environmental Monitoring of Works Environmental Supervisors Worksites

Environmental Monitoring of Works Of the seventy-six (76) indicators are calculated, by stretches, partial applied in environmental works stretches and by line, to guarantee supervision, twenty-two (22) compliance with the environmental environmental integration indicators objectives.

43 Table 6.- Environmental Objectives and Integration Indicators. Environmental Protocols for Works Environmental Objective Environmental Integration Indicators

1. Keep territorial impact to required minimum 1. Surface area affected not included in Construction Project or Project Modiﬁ cation (m2/km)

2. Preserve areas of natural interest 2. Surface area of Natural Spaces under special protection affected by elements auxiliary to track layout (m2/km) 3. Surface area affected by elements auxiliary to track layout in Excluded Zones (m2/km) 4. Surface area of Red Natura 2000 Spaces affected by elements auxiliary to track layout (m2/km)

3. Soil Conservation 5. Percentage of surface area affected overall by works involving removal of soil for later use in reclamation work 6. Percentage of quarry spoil taken from operating authorized quarries with approved Reclamation Plans

4. Preserve fresh water systems and dependent 7. Percentage of structures spanning rivers, respecting natural ﬂ ows and dependent habitats vegetation conservation 8. Percentage of shores fully restored after impact

5. Do not pollute a) Waste water - Dumping 9. Percentage of areas properly equipped for collection, treatment and/or channeling of worksite waste waters 10. Percentage of dumping based on maximum limits and analysis requirements set by competent authorities b) Waste 11. Percentage of waste material transported to legally authorized operational quarries and/or landﬁ lls 12. Percentage of special waste managed by authorized waste management company

6. Fauna preservation (nuisance, habitat 13. Apply work execution restrictions during seasons of high vulnerability for endangered or permeability, mortality) especially vulnerable species 14. Infrastructure permeability, to allow passage of fauna-ungulates (nº/km) 15. Infrastructure permeability, to allow passage of small and medium sized fauna (nº/km) 16. Percentage of proper and properly anchored fencing

7. Ecological and Landscaped reclamation of 17. Percentage of dismantling and cleanup done on surface areas occupied by auxiliary affected environments installations 18. Percentage of temporarily affected terrain, restored using ecological and landscaping criteria and practices 19. Surface area affected but not restored (m2/km) 20. Surface area with troughs or gullies (m2/km) 21. Percentage of surface area restored with vegetation cover > 80% 22. Elimination of anchoring materials from area (%)

44 VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES Soil Contamination Green Ways

Natural Resources To meet the obligations established Spain has more than 7,000 kilometers of under Royal Decree 9/2005, rail lines that are either out of service or ADIF periodically draws up index values regarding activities that could potentially were never used due to interruption of the construction works. of its paper, water, energy and fuel cause soil contamination, ADIF signed consumption, using the natural resources a Framework Collaborative Agreements This valuable cultural and historical heritage consumption control systems in place. It with EMGRISA on 6 May 2005, to has enormous potential for recovery and use in also maintains a list of certifi ed ballast draft Preliminary Status Reports on Soils eco-tourism initiatives, which are now in high demand. quarries, whose certifi cation guarantees Potentially Affected by Contaminating that they have the EIS and Reclamation Activities, and for the performance of As of December 2005, over 2,000 kilometers Plan. Profi ling Studies. of former rail lines had been reconditioned, (or work was in process) for use as Green Ways. On energy consumption, ADIF has The Natural Environment ongoing savings schemes underway The Green Ways Program, an initiative in the following areas: changing ADIF is involved in initiatives to to reclaim and transform decommissioned conventional lighting to low energy improve its understanding of the natural rail lines into paths for hikers, cyclists and consumption lights, use of solar energy environment and the potential impact of excursionists, began in 1993. to light and application of bioclimatic its activities. These include: architecture principles in station ADIF, RENFE Operadora and remodeling. • Equip infrastructures with anti-erosion FEVE now collaborate in this systems to minimize soil loss. program launched by the Ministry Acoustic Contamination of Environment and coordinated • In the short term, plans are underway nationally by the Spanish Railway On 27 July 2005, ADIF signed a to update the May 2000 Inventory Foundation. The Program which is collaborative agreement with CEDEX of Natural Spaces Network (IREN). part of the Green Network Plan, to draw up a Strategic Pilot Map of The new edition will include areas was enthusiastically received by the Noise, based on the calculation model of special protection included in Red respective Autonomous Communities, used in the Netherlands, “Reken-en Natura 2000, and other areas that Regional and City governments, as Meetvoorschrift Railverkeerslawaai’96” have been declared of regional and well as cycling clubs, environmentalists (Guidelines for the calculation and local interest since the 2000 edition and other civic groups, all of which measurement of rail transport noise was published. are active participants. 1996), edited by the Ministry of Housing and Territorial Planning.

45 The Green Ways are an ideal means Table 7. Green Ways in operation, under execution or in the planning stages as of December 2005 (*) of serving the public’s interest in Under Autonomous Community In Operation Execution Planned Total outdoor sports and leisure activities Andalusia 17 3 20 while fostering a culture of ´non- Aragón 1 2 3 motorized´ mobility. Aragón - Navarre 1 1 Asturias 8 8 Asturias-Galicia 1 1 The renovations on out-of-service rail Cantabria 3 3 tracks and reconstruction of old bridges Castile-León 8 2 10 and viaducts along the routes, are not Castile-La Mancha 6 6 only well integrated, but also enhance Catalonia 7 7 the landscape. A.C. Valencia 8 8 Extremadura 1 1 La Rioja 3 3 The accessible and public corridors Madrid 4 4 of the Green Ways Program provide Murcia 3 3 pleasant routes that reconnect Navarre 2 2 natural spaces, cultural enclaves and Navarre – Basque Country 1 1 2 populations. In peri-urban zones, old Basque Country 8 8 track lines are converted to create Total 81 4 5 90 sports and recreational facilities, and further provide a non-motorized route (*) Source: Spanish Railway Foundation to central urban areas.

The Green Ways are also excellent promotional tools for rural development, since entire groups of complementary services and installations spring up around them (hotels, restaurants, bicycle rental, horseback excursions, eco-museums, etc.).These are usually located in and around the old train stations (Green Stations) renovated expressly for this purpose.

46 Table 8. km of Green Ways in operation, under execution or in the planning stages as of Awards and Distinctions received by December 2005 (*) Green Ways Under Autonomous Community In Operation Execution Planned Total • Europa Nostra Award for Conservation of Andalucía 490,1 71,5 561,6 Cultural Heritage. 2004 Edition. Award Aragón 10,0 106,5 116,5 for Cultural Heritage Conservation made 22,0 22,0 Aragón – Navarra annually by the Europa Nostra, a federation Asturias 98,2 98,2 for the defense of Cultural and Natural Asturias-Galicia 12,0 12,0 Heritage in European nations, working Cantabria 39,0 39,0 in close collaboration with the Council of Castilla León 109,5 25,0 134,5 Europe, the European Union and UNESCO Castilla-La Mancha 126,5 126,5 Cataluña 165,0 165,0 • III Sustainable Mobility Award. Made by Comunidad Valenciana 245,0 245,0 Coordinadora ConBici , a civic group working in defense of bicycle use. September Extremadura 56,0 56,0 2005 La Rioja 67,0 67,0 Madrid 82,0 82,0 • II European Green Ways Award The 114,0 114,0 Murcia European Association of Green Ways gave Navarra 35,0 35,0 this award to the Green Way “Vía Verde de Navarra - País Vasco 40,0 25,0 65,0 la Sierra” (Cádiz-Seville). October 2005 País Vasco 101,3 101,3

Total 1.756,6 187,5 96,5 2.040,6

(*) Source: Spanish Railway Foundation

Table 9. Investment in Green Ways 2004-2005 (*) 2004 2005 Autonomous Community No. of km of Budget No. of km of Budget GW GW (Thou €) GW GW (Thou €)

Andalucía 1 28,0 1.600,0 Asturias 1 15,0 1.180,0 Castilla León 1 54,0 2.700 1 3,0 850,0

Total 1 54,0 2.700 3 46,0 3.630,0

(*) Source: Spanish Railway Foundation

47 Green Stations Table 10. Green Stations and Related Natural Spaces Autonomous Community No. Green Stations Nº NS Involved (1) Closely related to the concept of the Andalucía 10 17 Green Ways is the Green Station, Aragón 3 10 since in many cases the creation Asturias 1 8 of a Green Route may include the Galicia 4 10 Cantabria 1 rehabilitation of old stations, that can Castilla León 9 16 then house an entire commercial area Castilla-La Mancha 5 8 with restaurants, accommodation and Cataluña 5 13 even ecological museums. Comunidad Valenciana 4 12 Extremadura 2 4 The Green Stations play an important La Rioja 1 3 Madrid 1 2 role in development and job creation Murcia 1 2 for the areas, while also attracting Navarra 1 2 quality and environmentally respectful País Vasco 3 12 tourism. Total 51 119 Furthermore, the Green Stations are (1) These data, from 2003, are currently being updated. part of the natural railway landscape and are therefore, a reminder of the history of the lines and a seal of identity that distinguishes them from other means of transport communications.

Green station locations are selected based on the importance of the surrounding natural area, proximity to it and the level of services available.

48 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ADIF´s main stakeholders hail from the different areas of the rail sector, ADIF´s mission is to “Build up the central, regional and local government Spanish rail system through safe, departments and agencies, and further efﬁ cient, sustainable and economically include all individuals, groups and sound infrastructure development and institutions that might be signiﬁ cantly management, while meeting the highest affected by its activities and decisions, standards of quality”. or have an interest in ADIF mission The potential of railways as a sustainable execution and results. and environmentally balanced mode of transport, makes ADIF one of the cornerstones of the rail sector.

Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Reference/Commitments Key Results/Indicators Communication/Information Channels European Union / International • Directives • Compliance with environmental legislation • Environmental Impact Assessments • Agreements • Project Adjustment to EIS Content • Environmental Impact Statements • Energy use of rail transport system • Project audits subsidized with European Funds infrastructures managed by ADIF • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures • Air emissions of the rail transport system Annual Statistics infrastructures managed by ADIF. • Ministry of Environment technical reports • Savings on externalities made by rail transport • National Institute of Statistics system infrastructures managed by ADIF • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Biodiversity • ADIF technical reports • Conservation Spain’s Historical Heritage • Main web site www.adif.es • Rail Safety • UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de • Hazardous freight trafﬁ c Fer) Documentation

Central Government (Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure / Ministry of Environment / Ministry of Interior) • Rail Sector Act • Compliance with environmental legislation • Environmental Impact Assessments • ADIF By-laws (RD 2395/2004) • Project Adjustment to EIS Content • Environmental Impact Statements • Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan • Impact management in new infrastructure • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures (PEIT) 2005-2020 construction Annual Statistics • ADIF Strategic Plan (2006- 2010) • Energy use of rail transport system • Ministry of Environment Technical reports • Applicable environmental legislation infrastructures managed by ADIF • National Institute of Statistics • Project EIS and EIA • Air emissions of the rail transport system • ADIF´s Environmental Report • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment infrastructures managed by ADIF. • ADIF technical reports • Agreements • Savings on externalities made by rail transport • Main web site www.adif.es system infrastructures managed by ADIF • Meetings

49 Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Reference/Commitments Key Results/Indicators Communication/Information Channels Central Government (Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure / Ministry of Environment / Ministry of Interior) • Biodiversity • Impact management in new infrastructure construction • Conservation of Spain´s Historical Heritage • Rail Safety • Hazardous freight trafﬁ c • Accidents recorded during the transport of hazardous rail freight on infrastructures managed by ADIF • Environmental investment and spending

Autonomous Communities

• Applicable environmental legislation • Compliance with environmental legislation • Environmental Impact Assessments • Project EIS and EIA • Project Adjustment to EIS Content • Environmental Impact Statements • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Impact management in new infrastructure • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures • Agreements construction Annual Statistics • Energy use of rail transport system • Ministry of Environment Technical reports infrastructures managed by ADIF • National Institute of Statistics • Air emissions of the rail transport system • ADIF´s Environmental Report infrastructures managed by ADIF. • ADIF technical reports • Savings on externalities made by rail transport • Main web site www.adif.es system infrastructures managed by ADIF • Meetings • Biodiversity • Website Spanish Railway Foundation • Impact management in new infrastructure www.ffe.es construction • Conservation of Spain’s Historical Heritage • Rail Safety • Hazardous freight trafﬁ c • Accidents recorded during the transport of hazardous rail freight on infrastructures managed by ADIF • Hazardous waste generated by ADIF activities proper • Noise linked to infrastructures and installations managed • Obligations under RD 9/2005, on activities that could cause soil contamination • Green Ways

50 Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Reference/Commitments Key Results/Indicators Communication/Information Channels Local Governments • Applicable environmental legislation • Compliance with environmental legislation • Environmental Impact Assessments • Municipal Ordinances • Project Adjustment to EIS Content • Environmental Impact Statements • Urban planning • Impact management in new infrastructure • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures • Project EIS and EIA construction Annual Statistics • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Air emissions of the rail transport system • Ministry of Environment Technical reports • Agreements infrastructures managed by ADIF. • National Institute of Statistics • Savings on externalities made by rail transport • ADIF´s Environmental Report system infrastructures managed by ADIF • Technical information on infrastructures, works • Impact management in new infrastructure plans and urban planning construction • Main web site www.adif.es • Conservation of Spain’s Historical Heritage • Meetings • Rail Safety • Website Spanish Railway Foundation www. • Hazardous freight trafﬁ c ffe.es • Accidents recorded during the transport of hazardous rail freight on infrastructures managed by ADIF • Noise linked to infrastructures and installations managed • Land occupation • Obligations under RD 9/2005, on activities that could cause soil contamination • Green Ways and Green Stations

ADIF Management and Employees • ADIF Strategic Plan (2006- 2010) • Compliance with environmental legislation • Internal communication procedures • Applicable environmental legislation • Project Adjustment to EIS Content • Intranet • Project EIS and EIA • Impact management in new infrastructure • Main web site www.adif.es • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment construction • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Environmental Objectives established • Savings on externalities made by rail transport • Environmental Objectives Environmental system infrastructures managed by ADIF Protocols for Works • Impact management in new infrastructure construction • Rail Safety • Compliance with established environmental objectives • Punctuality

51 Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Reference/Commitments Key Results/Indicators Communication/Information Channels Passengers • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Punctuality • ADIF information points at passenger stations • Rail Safety • Main web site www.adif.es • Savings through Externalities • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Eco-efﬁ ciency of rail transport system • Customer surveys performed • Waste management • Communication procedures established within • Water savings the Environmental Management Systems implemented

Other Professionals / Rail Operators • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Punctuality • Surveys performed • Contracts • Rail Safety • Follow-up on contract compliance • Agreements • Savings on externalities • Follow-up reports on complaints received • Applicable environmental legislation • Eco-efﬁ ciency of rail transport system • Main web site www.adif.es • Applicable ADIF Regulations and Procedures • Energy consumption • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Types of fuel

Operators of Other Modes of Transport • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Punctuality • Follow-up on contract compliance • Contracts • Savings on externalities • Follow-up reports on complaints received • Agreements • Eco-efﬁ ciency of rail transport system • Main web site www.adif.es • Applicable environmental legislation • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Applicable ADIF Regulations and Procedures

Companies Located within Installations • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Compliance with environmental legislation • Follow-up on contract compliance • Contracts • Waste management • Follow-up reports on complaints received • Agreements • Water savings • Main web site www.adif.es • Applicable environmental legislation • Efﬂ uents • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Applicable ADIF Regulations and Procedures

Suppliers • Works contracts • Environmental objectives Environmental • Follow-up on contract compliance • Service contracts Protocols for Works • Reports on environmental monitoring of works • ADIF Procurement Procedures • Environmental monitoring of construction • Main web site www.adif.es works for High Speed Line • ADIF´s Environmental Report

52 Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Reference/Commitments Key Results/Indicators Communication/Information Channels

Rail Industry • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Rail Safety • Follow-up on contracts and agreements • Contracts • Noise • Main web site www.adif.es • Agreements • Energy Consumption • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Air emissions • UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer) Documentation

Local Communities

• ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Rail Safety • Follow-up on contracts and agreements • Contracts • Noise • Main web site www.adif.es • Agreements • Air emissions • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Land occupation • Communication procedures established within • Green Ways and Green Stations the Environmental Management Systems Institutions and Associations (including NGOs) • Applicable environmental legislation • Compliance with environmental legislation •Seguimiento convenios y acuerdos • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Project Adjustment to EIS Content •Página web principal www.adif.es • Contracts • Impact management in new infrastructure •Memoria Medioambiental de ADIF construction •Documentación UIC (Union Internationale des • Energy use of rail transport system Chemines de Fer) infrastructures managed by ADIF • Air emissions of the rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF. • Savings on externalities made by rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF • Biodiversity • Impact management in new infrastructure construction • Conservation of Spain’s Historical Heritage • Rail Safety • Noise • Environmental investment and spending

53 54 Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Reference/Commitments Key Results/Indicators Communication/Information Channels

The Media • Applicable environmental legislation • Compliance with environmental legislation • Main web site www.adif.es • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Savings on externalities made by rail transport • ADIF´s Environmental Report system infrastructures managed by ADIF • Biodiversity • Impact management in new infrastructure construction • Conservation of Spain’s Historical Heritage • Rail Safety • Noise • Environmental investment and spending

Society • Applicable environmental legislation • Compliance with environmental legislation • Main web site www.adif.es • ADIF´s Environmental Commitment • Savings on externalities managed by ADIF • ADIF´s Environmental Report • Biodiversity • Website Spanish Railway Foundation • Rail Safety www.ffe.es • Noise • Environmental investment and spending • Green Ways and Green Stations

55 56 7. Environmental Performance

ADIF´s mission is to promote ENERGY CONSUMPTION Other small scale consumption (11% environmentally sustainable rail overall), went for heating, sanitary hot transport and so, ADIF´s main energy sources are water and vehicle use. fulﬁ ll its commitment to environmental electricity generated by the National protection Mainland Grid, and B category diesel fuel. These accounted for 70% and This section summarizes ADIF´s 17.8%, respectively, of all company principal environmental actions, energy consumption in 2005. Diesel and the results obtained toward B is used for track maintenance, environmental sustainability. Where train maneuvers to and from repair reliable information is available, and maintenance shops, auxiliary quantitative indicators are provided to operations at terminals, and station clearly depict evolution. maneuvers.

Table 12: Energy and Fuel Consumption Recorded for Company Activities 2004 Energy Type ADIF 2005 Renfe GIF Total

ELECTRICITY (kWh) 298,200,062 1,091,005 299,291,067 272,522,942 Diesel B (liters/yr) 17,491,534 5,349 17,496,883 10,783,782 Diesel A Automotive 2,717,401 2,717,401 2,235,744 Diesel B Track Maint. 1,365,167 1,365,167 1,729,859 Diesel B Shop 128,064 128,064 94,498 Maneuvers Diesel B Auxiliary Ops. 688,044 688,044 574,243 Terminals Diesel B Station 5,419,632 5,419,632 4,289,500 Maneuvers Diesel C Heating 7,173,226 5,349 7,178,575 1,859,938 Gasoline (l/yr) 15,528 15,528 19,204 Unleaded 95 4,570 4,570 6,691 Unleaded 98 10,196 10,196 12,472 Super 97 762 762 41 Natural Gas (m3/yr) 4,363,930 4,363,930 Data Not Available

Source: ADIF Executive Directorate Telecommunications & Energy

57 Electricity Generated by Spanish Graph 2: Distribution of Electricity Consumption in 2005 Mainland Grid (% of total consumption)

ADIF relies on electrical energy Electricity (71.03%) supplied by Spain’s National Electrical Grid, which uses nuclear, hydraulic and thermal generation, along with an Diesel A: Automotive (5.84%) increasing percentage of combined cycle plants and renewable energies. Diesel B: Track maint., maneuvers, aux. operations (17.83%) The combination of generation methods varies, depending on Diesel C: Heating (5.25%) meteorological conditions and the production volumes of hydro-electrical Gasoline: Vehicles (0.05%) stations.

Spain suffered a major drought in 2005, due to which hydro-electrical power generation was 38% lower than in 2004.

Table 13: Energy Consumption Recorded for Company Activities (TJ) 2004 Energy Type ADIF 2005 Renfe GIF Total ELECTRICITY (kWh) 1,073.52 3.93 1,077.45 981.08 Diesel 657.70 0.21 657.91 399.51 Diesel A Automotive 98.02 98.02 80.65 Diesel B Track Maint. 50.28 50.28 63.71 Diesel B Shop Maneuvers 4.72 4.72 3.48 Diesel B Auxiliary Ops. Terminals 25.34 25.34 21.15 Diesel B Station Maneuvers 199.61 199.61 157.98 Diesel C Heating 279.73 0.21 279.94 72.53 Gasoline 0.52 0.00 0.52 0.64 Unleaded 95 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.22 Unleaded 98 0.34 0.00 0.34 0.42 Super 97 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 Natural Gas (m3/yr) 170.24 0.00 170.24 Total 1,901.98 4.14 1,906.12 1,381.23

58 Graph 3: Scheme of Electrical Energy Generation System - Spanish Mainland (%)

100% 9.4 9.0 90% 1.3 1.6 6.6 8.2 1.9 80% 1.5 Other non-renewable 11.3 70% 18.3 Other renewable 3.0 Eolic 60% 3.7 Hydraulic special regime 50% 29.9 Combined cycle 28.9 40% Fuel oil - Gas Coal 30% Nuclear 24.9 20% 21.5 Hydraulic 10% 11.7 7.2 0% 2004 2005

Source: Red Eléctrica Española (National Grid Operator) Reports on Spanish Electrical Power Generation System 2004 & 2005

Table 14: Indirect Primary Energy Consumption Attributable to Electrical Energy Consumption Indirect Consumption of Primary Recorded for ADIF Activities (TJ/yr) (*) Energy 2004 (RENFE + GIF) 2005 (ADIF) Fossil Fuels Mostly for electricity, in 2005, 92% Coal 885.34 790.95 of the primary energy of indirect Natural Gas 408.54 497.74 consumption came from non-renewable Oil by-products 110.20 111.92 sources. Nuclear 868.98 691.20 Other Fuels 80.73 83.52 Total Fossil Fuels 2,353.79 2,175.33 Renewable Energy Sources Hydraulic 154.94 90.45 Eolic and other renewable 84.70 96.64 Renewable Energy Sources 239.65 187.08 Total 2,593.43 2,362.42

(*) Estimates made based on fuel sources used for electricity generation by National Grid.

Sources: Ministry of Industry Tourism & Commerce, General Directorate Energy, Policy on and Mines Energy in Spain. 2004 & 2005.

59 MATERIALS CONSUMPTION Table 15: Railway Materials Used in Infrastructures Maintenance Operations 2005 Timber Sleepers Rail Materials Consumption Units 63,753.00 Total timber sleepers (tons) 3,729.55 Most materials consumed are for Concrete Sleepers Twin-block 19,016.00 infrastructure maintenance, which Single-block 413,917.00 requires large quantities of sleepers, Total (pieces) 432,933.00 rail and ballast. Total concrete sleepers (tons) 127,978.30 Rail In 2005, ballast accounted for 91% 54 kg (meters) 375,966.00 of all materials consumed in rail 45 kg (meters) 16,398.00 Total (meters) 392,364.00 infrastructure maintenance. Supply Total rail (tons) 21,040.07 comes from ADIF certiﬁ ed quarries, Cherty Ballast which are required to have both Cubic Meters 554,000.00 Environmental Impact Studies and Total ballast (tons) 1,551,200.00 Reclamation Plans. Total Railroad Material (t/yr) 1,703,947.92

Source: ADIF General Directorate Infrastructure Development New infrastructure construction is another major consumer of railroad material. The quantities required vary greatly depending on construction stages. Graph 4: Distribution of Materials Used in Infrastructure Maintenance 2005 (%)

Timber sleepers (0.2%)

Concrete sleepers (7.5%)

Rail (1.2%)

Cherty ballast (91.0%)

60 Table 16: Railway Materials Use Recorded in Construction of New High Speed Lines 2004 (GIF) 2005 (ADIF) Line Sleepers Sleepers Rail (t) Ballast (t) Total (t) (*) Rail (t) Ballast (t) Total (t) (*) (units) (Units) Madrid-Zaragoza- Barcelona 22,083.84 129,793 942,488,00 997,020.09 0.00 30,501 151,836.69 159,461.94 Córdoba-Málaga 16,588.80 230,906 765,690,71 840,006.01 10,990.08 77,719 824,746.41 855,166.24 Madrid-Segovia- Valladolid 12,960.00 118,282 572,499,84 615,030.34 2,073.60 26,712 229,576.87 238,328.47 Madrid-Toledo 1,244.16 67,801 194,595,86 212,790.27 0,00 504 7,211.53 7,337.53 Total 52,876.80 546,782 2,475,274,41 2,664,846.71 13,063.68 135,436 1,213,371.50 1,260,294.18

(*) Estimate based on concrete sleepers; average weight: 250 kg. Source: ADIF General Directorate Infrastructure Development

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES In 2004, Renfe phased out eighteen (18) transformers and six (6) PCBs condensers.

Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are a In January 2005, 495 pieces of synthetic substance used as dielectric equipment containing PCBs remained: oils in transformers, condensers, and 194 transformers, 301 condensers, other electrical devices, and also in the total weight: 1,000 tons. plastic insulation on wires and cables. ADIF eliminated two transformers and Legislation calls for a progressive two condensers in 2005. phase-out of all equipment containing PCBs, based on date of manufacture, and for use to be discontinued completely by end December 2010.

61 Table 17: PCB Distribution as of January 2005 (*) Manufacture Date PCB ACs <1965 1965-1969 1970-1974 1975-1980 >1980 sin fecha Total Content No.Equip. Weight (kg) No.Equip. Weight (kg) No.Equip. Weight (kg) No.Equip. Weight (kg) No.Equip. Weight (kg) No.Equip. Weight (kg) No.Equip. Weight (kg)

Andalucía > 500 ppm 2 1,700 1 27,440 1 2 3,400 25 169,030 50-500 ppm 3 33,410 2 8 85,040 6 18,040 Aragón > 500 ppm 2 7 16,870 50-500 ppm 5 16,870 Asturias > 500 ppm 1 15,250 32 84,920 50-500 ppm 5 69,550 sin datos 26 120 Cantabria EST sin datos 1 1,145 43 3,124 > 500 ppm 41 1,963 50-500 ppm 1 16 Castilla La Mancha > 500 ppm 1 14,034 1 20,700 8 75,384 50-500 ppm 1 1,700 1 16,550 4 22,400 Castilla y León EST sin datos 2 2,900 175 177,572 > 500 ppm 1 2,480 53 45,263 50-500 ppm 7 17,360 23 107,250 sin datos 1 100 2 716 86 1,503 Cataluña EST sin datos 6 17,100 52 20,950 > 500 ppm 4 50-500 ppm 42 3,850 Galicia > 500 ppm 3 73,800 87 90,403 50-500 ppm 5 15,485 sin datos 79 1,118 Madrid > 500 ppm 1 6 35,490 28 100,706 50-500 ppm 1 34,420 3 3,920 17 26,876 País Vasco EST sin datos 6 13,167 34 211,167 > 500 ppm 1 13,250 50-500 ppm 14 136,170 4 37,540 9 11,040 Valencia > 500 ppm 4 54,960 50-500 ppm 2 26,000 2 28,960 Total 1 100 8 19,840 9 109,564 18 165,310 21 157,016 438 553,256 495 1,005,086

(*) Source: Statement on PCB possession presented by ADIF to competent body of each Autonomous Community. Directorate for the Environment

62 Ozone Depleting Substances Use of this equipment is permitted, with certain limitations. Equipment with Chloroﬂ uorocarbons (CFCs) and CFCs cannot be recharged, and those Hydroﬂ uorocarbons (HCFCs) are with HCFCs can be recharged as ozone depleting substances regulated needed until 2010. All equipment with under Regulation 2037/2000, and HCFCs will be prohibited after January are used in station heating, cooling 2015. and refrigeration systems.

ADIF inventory shows a total of three hundred ﬁ ve (305) pieces of equipment located at ﬁ fty-six (56) stations, with an overall load of 2,000 kg CFCs and 4,160 kg of HCFCs.

Table 18: Inventory of Equipment with CFCs and HFCs. 2004 Territorial Management Stations (No.) Equipment with Equipment with CFCs (No.) HCFCs (No.) Northwest 0 West 0 North 10 17 Northeast 12 63 East 8 78 Central 6 2 59 Southwest 7 27 South 13 59

Total 56 2 303

Source: ADIF Executive Directorate Passenger Stations

63 HERBICIDE CONSUMPTION Graph 5: Index of Herbicide Application (*) (unit of application/m2) To avoid the growth of weeds that could pose a trafﬁ c safety hazard, and 0.75 0.70 to prevent trackside ﬁ res, periodical 0.65 herbicide treatments are applied, via 0.60 0.55 automatic trackside spraying, and 0.50 0.45 manual application at stations. 0.40 0.35 0.30 In 2005, 4.8% less herbicide was 0.25 0.20 used per surface area unit than in 0.15 2004. Of the types of herbicides 0.10 0.05 applied, 30% have a AAA eco- 0.00 toxicology rating, and so pose 2004 2005 (*) Unidad = (l+kg).10-3 a relatively lower threat to the environment.

Table 19: Herbicide Treatment Areas by Type Tipo de superﬁ cie 2004 (*) 2005 Trackside (m2) 168,670,342 174,322,089 Stations and other (m2) 21,538,611 20,659,774

Total (m2) 190,208,953 194,982,603

(*)2004 ﬁ gures are for RENFE (except RENFE Operadora) and GIF Source: ADIF and SINTRA

Table 20: Products used in Herbicide Treatment Type 2004 (*) 2005 Liquid (l) 111,559 91,251 Solid (kg) 23,615 40,647

Total (l+kg) 135,174 131,898

(*)2004 ﬁ gures are for RENFE (except RENFE Operadora) and GIF Source: ADIF and SINTRA

64 WATER CONSUMPTION In addition to this, a small proportion Master Plan Water Savings is taken from wells, for which no The water used goes principally quantitative data is available. ADIF´s Master Plan on Water Savings will ﬁ rst for general sanitary purposes and determine the amount of water used for own and contracted work, so as to deﬁ ne actions installations cleaning. Most comes from enabling it to achieve the following reductions the public water supply. between 2007-2010: own use by 10%; use during contracted work by 5%.

Table 21: Evolution Water Consumption from Public Supply (*) ADIF consumes less from the public water 2004 supply annually than the residential population 2005 (ADIF) Renfe GIF Total of Huesca (pop. 48,000). Water ADIF´s annual water consumption is equivalent Consumption m3 3,688,541 16,775 3,705,316 2,447,668 to 0.28% of the annual volume water loss in Spain’s public water supply systems due to * Calculated based on billing, and average national 2004 rate (0.87 € /m3) and 2005 rate leaks and pipe ruptures. (0.90 € /m3). Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

BIODIVERSITY Table 22: Average Occupation and Infl uence of Rail Network Min. Width Land Occupation Width including Affected width (2) Rail Type Platform (1) Sidecuts & (m) (m) ADIF manages a working railway Embankments (m) network 12,808 km long, which Wide gauge, Int´l, 2-way electrifi ed occupies a surface area of (AVE) 16 32 100 approximately 37,440 ha, and area Wide Gauge Peninsular 2-way of infl uence up to 78,515 ha. electrifi ed 16 32 64 Wide Gauge Peninsular 2-way not electrifi ed 14 32 64 These measurements include average One-way electrifi ed 11 28 56 platform width, minimum slope and One-way non-electrifi ed 9 28 56 embankment width, and average width of surface area affected – deducted (1) Incluyendo el subbalasto y la capa de forma from expropriations- for the different (2) Incluyendo taludes, explanaciones y otras necesidades types of rail described below.

65 In January 2006, the 619 km of active The area affected by the operating rail network Land take of rail transport is more efﬁ cient than worksites involved in construction of the managed by ADIF is 79,000 ha, including that of road transport. Calculated in ha/ high speed lines occupied 1,981 ha, nearly 37,500 ha occupied by platforms, transport units, rail infrastructures occupy 3.51 and affected 6.190 ha. sidehill cuts, and embankments. less space than road networks.

The area affected by the active high speed line 1 European Environment Agency. Indicador In addition to the surface area construction worksites is 6,200 ha, with 2,000 fact sheet. occupied by rail network in operation ha occupied by platforms, sidehill cuts, and TERM 2002 08 EU + AC. Land take by and under construction, is that of embankments. transport infrastructure ADIF´s own properties occupied by rail yards, stations, housing, shops, warehouses, loading docks and bays, Table 23: ADIF Lines and Natural Spaces, 2005 ofﬁ ces, and other buildings. % of Network Affecting any Natural Protected Space Network Managed by ADIF Length (km) NPS Affected (% of network) Natural Spaces Assets 12,809.00 11.67 Under construction (AVE) 1,472.71 6.35 Of the rail network under ADIF management, 1,494.9 km affect Total 14,281.71 11.11 Natural Protected Spaces, and other non-protected with unique natural attributes. To this must be added the 93.6 km of high speed rail lines under construction, which represents11.11% of total network length.

Table 24: ADIF Lines and Natural Spaces, 2005 Natural Spaces (No.) km of ADIF Network Affected

Autonomous Community Natural Spaces Spaces not Under construction Inventoried Total Assets crossed crossed (AVE) Andalucía 193 45 148 256.34 5.94 250.40 Aragón 116 24 92 203.29 0.00 203.40 Asturias 72 3 69 16.83 6.39 10.44 Cantabria 29 3 26 2.60 0.00 2.60 Castilla-La Mancha 102 40 62 141.14 24.60 116.54 Castilla y León 117 27 90 317.39 11.14 306.26 Cataluña 238 40 198 78.72 1.73 76.99

66 Table 24: ADIF Lines and Natural Spaces, 2005 Natural Spaces (No.) km of ADIF Network Affected

Autonomous Community Natural Spaces Spaces not Under construction Inventoried Total Assets crossed crossed (AVE) Extremadura 82 17 65 172.77 0.00 172.77 Galicia 54 13 41 73.88 0.77 73.11 La Rioja 54 9 45 16.80 0.00 16.80 Madrid 44 17 27 212.25 35.89 176.36 Murcia 53 9 44 9.24 0.00 9.24 Navarra 88 2 86 1.39 0.00 1.39 País Vasco 59 10 49 19.93 0.85 19.08 G. Valenciana 137 16 121 65.90 6.28 59.63

TOTAL 1,438 275 1,163 1,587.24 93.57 1,494.89

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

Impact Management of New Table 25: Reports on EIS Review, Adjustment and Certifi cation June 2005 – January 2006. Infrastructure Construction Construction Stage Type of report or procedure Ave. Calendar No. Actions ADIF holds competencies, delegated Days by the Ministry of Transport and Project Modifi cation Infrastructures, on the construction of (EIS Review and Adjustment Report) 26 14 new rail lines and responsibility for Complementary Works Project (Review) 27 5 Modifi cation Proposed 14 1 their approval or modifi cation. Among these is the responsibility to guarantee Total 26 20 that rail routes are laid as described in the Environmental Impact Statements Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment (EIS) approved by the Ministry Table 26: EIS Required Reports on Environmental Monitoring of Works of Environment; that construction Type of report 2004 (GIF) 2005 (ADIF) projects comply with environmental Prior to works commencement 11 28 requirements, and that works execution Parallel Checks & Reconsiderations 11 22 is done in full compliance with the law. Prior to Document of Acceptance Works Take-over 12 15 Every 6 months 54 102 Annual Reports 4 5

Total 92 172

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

67 Table 27: Reports on EIS Review, Adjustment and Certifi cation June 2005 – January 2006. Project Stage Type of report or procedure Ave. Calendar No. Actions Days Project Report Summary (Review) 7 1 Complementary Informative Study (Review) 13 3 Spoil and Landfi ll Management (Review) 34 5 Spoil and Landfi ll Management (Prior consultation Basque Co.) 5 6 Spoil and Landfi ll Management (Permit Processing) 5 EIS conditions specifi c consultation 13 12 Study of Fauna (Review) 29 2 Basic Project (Review) 20 12 Basic Project (EIS Compliance Report) 16 12 Construction Project – advance data- (Review) 2 4 Construction Project (Review) 18 29 Construction Project (EIS Compliance Certifi cate) 7 27 Compensatory Measures Project (Review) 24 4 Compensatory Measures Project (Processing) 1 Rail Installation Project (Review) 14 5 Rail Installation Project (EIS Compliance Report) 4 5 Acoustic Protection Project (Review) 29 1 Acoustic Protection Project (EIS Compliance Certifi cate) 8 1

Total 14 135

Source: ADIF G.D. Large High Speed Projects

Table 28: Monthly Reports on Environmental Supervision of Works (voluntary) 2004 (GIF) 2005 (ADIF) Annual Total (No.) 679 840 Monthly Average (No.) 57 70

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

68 Environmental Monitoring of High • Line Madrid – Zaragoza – Objective 1 - Keep territorial impact to Speed Line Construction Works Barcelona – French Border required minimum – Degree of Compliance with • New Rail Access to North and Established Environmental Objectives Northwest Spain • León – Asturias High Speed Line Some deviations have been recorded Follow-up on the degree of adoption • New High Speed Rail Access in surface area foreseen in projects of the Environmental Protocol Criteria, Levantine Coast and area actually affected by works. In and compliance with the environmental • Córdoba-Málaga High Speed Line January 2006, the overall surface area goals established in them, is performed • Rail Access Galicia affected per kilometer of high speed line based on the bi-monthly values construction was approximately 1 ha. obtained for Environmental Integration Indicators regarding the high speed lines under construction:

Graph 6: Environmental Objective 1 - Keep territorial impact to required minimum (m2/km)

12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06

Land affected not foreseen or modified in construction project (m2/km)

69 Objective 2 - Preserve areas of natural In January 2006, the overall surface The only occupation of Red Natura interest area affected of Exclusion Zones 2000 spaces recorded is at the – NPS, rivers, wadis, channels Pajares Alternate route. This is due to Surface area of Natural Protected with vegetation, lagoons, wetlands the space required for the transport belt Spaces (NPS) affected by elements or catalogued archeological needed to evacuate material from the auxiliary to track layout (m2/km) sites- per kilometer of high speed tunnel, and also because part of the line construction for all lines was installations are within the boundaries NPS occupation has been recorded approximately 770 m2. of the SCI Peña Ubiña. only in the Madrid-Segovia stretch of the New North-Northwest Rail Access, Surface area of Red Natura 2000 both foreseen, because the ﬁ rst two Spaces affected by elements auxiliary sub-sections are within a Regional Park, to track layout (m2/km ) the Cuenca Alta de Manzanares.

Surface area affected by elements auxiliary to track layout in Excluded Zones (m2/km)

Graph 7: Environmental Objective 2 - Preserve areas of natural interest (m2/km)

1.000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06

NPS affected by auxiliary needs per section (m2/km) Surface area excluded zones affected by auxiliary needs per section (m2/km) Surface area Red Natura 2000 zones affected by auxiliary needs per section (m2/km)

70 Objective 3 - Soil Conservation Graph 8: Environmental Objective 3 - Soil Conservation (%)

Percentage of surface area affected 100 overall by works involving removal of 90 80 soil for later use in restoration work (%) 70 60 All lines recorded high soil removal 50 40 volumes - 96% in January 2006. 30 20 Spoil taken from certiﬁ ed working 10 0 quarries with approved Reclamation Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06 Plans (%) Surface area affected by all works, where soil was removed for later use in restoration work (%) Spoil extracted from certified operating quarries with approved reclamation plans (%) The percentage of supply from legally authorized operations has generally increased over other supply sources (from line route, nearby works, etc.) 60% in January 2006.

Graph 9: Environmental Objective 4 - Preserve fresh water systems and dependent vegetation (%) Objective 4 - Preserve fresh water systems and dependent vegetation 100 90 Percentage of structures spanning 80 rivers, respecting natural ﬂ ows and 70

60 dependent habitats (%)

50 40 In January 2006, 62% of all structures 30 executed were deemed to be 20 excellent. 10

0 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06 Percentage of shores fully restored

Structures spanning channels, Affected river banks restored (%) after impact (%) respecting fluvial dynamics and natural habitats (%) Nearly 100% of all banks and shores affected on all stretches have been restored.

71 Objective 5: Do not pollute – Waste Graph 10: Environmental Objective 5 – Do not pollute - Waste efﬂ uents, dumping (%) Efﬂ uents 100 90 Percentage of areas properly 80 equipped for collection, treatment 70 and/or channeling of worksite waste 60 50 waters. 40 30 In January 2006, 84% of all lines 20 10 under construction were properly 0 equipped with settling pools/pits for Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06 machinery maintenance and at tunnel Zones properly equipped for collection, treatment and channelling of worksite effluents (%) mouths, or sewage treatment devices. Dumping by caps and analysis requirements imposed by Competent Body (%)

The main deﬁ ciencies identiﬁ ed are due to the absence of pits at machine parks, and delays in completion of settling pools at tunnel mouths.

72 Percentage of dumping based Waste to Authorized Waste on maximum limits and analysis Management Companies (%) requirements set by competent authorities Contracts with authorized waste management companies to guarantee In January 2006, there were around proper storage and management of twenty dumps out of all the High waste generated, are common practice Speed Line works. 76% were fully on all lines. compliant with dumping speciﬁ cations. In rest of the cases, some temporary Sporadic deviations detected had to deviations from dumping parameters do with improper accumulation points, were recorded. waste burning and disappearance.

Objective 5: – Do not pollute - Waste

Waste material hauled to abandoned quarries or to authorized operating landﬁ lls (%)

The percentage of spoil from all lines under construction transported to abandoned quarries or licensed landﬁ lls as of January 2006 was 57%. The rest of this material is taken to sites whose permits/authorization are still in approval process.

The 100% compliance of the North and Northwest line and Pajares Alternate works are noteworthy, since both have highly restrictive EIS. Only project licensed dumpsites have been used.

73 Objective 6 - Fauna Preservation Graph 11: Environmental Objective 5 – Do not pollute – Waste (%)

Apply work execution restrictions 100 90 during seasons of high vulnerability 80 for endangered or especially 70 vulnerable species (%) 60 50 40 Except for isolated cases and very 30 short periods of time, the restrictions 20 imposed on certain types of work to 10 0 respect fauna, are observed. Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06

Waste materials transported to abandoned quarries or licensed operating landfills (%) Infrastructure permeability, to allow Managed by licensed waste management company (%) passage of fauna-ungulates (No/km)

The ungulate crossings are being built in tandem with high speed line Graph 12: Environmental Objective 6 - Fauna preservation (a) (%) construction, and are of the size and

number speciﬁ ed in the project. 100 90 In December 2005-January 2006, there 80 was a passage route every 1.55 km. 70 60 50 These are concentrated along the two 40 stretches of high interest fauna zones 30 crossed by the Cuenca - Albacete and 20 Llinars del Valles – French Border High 10 Speed Line. 0 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06 Work execution restrictions observed during breeding and rearing season (Feb-Aug) of endangered or especially vulnerable species (%)

Anchored fauna protection fencing (%)

74 Graph 13: Environmental Objective 6 - Fauna preservation (b)

0,300

0,250

0,200

0,150

0,100

0,050

0,000 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06

Infrastructure permeable for fauna crossing - ungulates (No/km) Infrastructure permeable for fauna crossing - small/med size fauna (No/km)

Infrastructure permeability, to allow and distance between posts- is installed Percentage of temporarily affected passage of small and medium sized on 65% of the lines overall, and are terrain, restored using ecological and fauna (No/km) similar along each stretch. landscaping criteria and practices (%)

The Drainage Crossings, that serve as Objective 7 - Ecological and The level of restoration and is a high crossings for small and medium size Landscape restoration of affected and constant 98% (the average for all animals are also being built in parallel environments HSL) of land temporarily affected by with works execution. works. Percentage of dismantling and Between December 2005-January 2006, cleanup done on surface areas Surface area affected but not restored the number of these was still low, but will occupied by auxiliary installations (m2/km) rise markedly upon works completion, when groundsills to level terrain, and Dismantling and clean-up of areas As of January 2006, 460 m2/km internal passageways are built. occupied by works related installations of affected areas –including water increase as works reach ﬁ nal execution channels and banks with vegetation, Fauna protection fencing, anchored to stages. restricted areas and remaining zones- terrain (%) had not been restored. In the subsections where works are Proper fencing – including base well advanced, this indicator is close anchoring or burial, maximum span to 100%.

75 Surface area with troughs or gullies Graph 14: Environmental Objective 7 - Ecological and Landscape restoration of affected 2 (m /km) environments (a) (%)

This indicator is affected by weather 100 conditions. Between February- 90 80

September 2005, it ﬂ uctuated 70 between 80 - 100 m2/km, but rose to 60 50 120 - 150 m2/km between October 40 2005-January 2006. 30 20

10 Percentage of surface area restored to 0 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06 over 80% vegetational cover (%) Dismantling & clean-up of areas occupied by auxiliary installations (%) Terrain temporarily affected, ecological/landscape restoration performed (%) This ﬁ gure for all HSL was 41% in Surface area restored to vegetational covering over 80% (%) January 2006. The relatively low ﬁ gure Absence of anchoring materials (%) is because most hydro sowing is recent (end of works) the plants have not had time to develop.

Graph 15: Environmental Objective 7 - Ecological and Landscape restoration of affected environments (b) (m2/km)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 Feb-Mar 05 Apr-May 05 Jun-July 05 Aug-Sep 05 Oct-Nov 05 Dec-Jan 06

Areas affected - unrestored (m2/km) Surface area with troughs or gulllies (m2/km)

76 Absence of anchoring materials (%) Fauna: Flora:

Between February 2005-January Within the 768 km of High Speed Lines under Adjustments made during HSL route planning 2006, this indicator rose 29% overall construction between January 2004 and July to minimize impacts on natural areas included 2006, 195 km (25%) are fauna permeable the building of tunnels and viaducts and also for HSL, and reached 64%. tunnels or viaducts. rerouting around some areas.

Fluctuations are partially due to the In the rest of the route considered not During fi nal HSL works stages, zones extremely dry summer, particularly permeable, cross drains are enlarged beyond temporarily affected by works are replanted, drainage needs to make room for dry cross- and landscaping is done to integrate the along the Córdoba – Málaga line, that paths, and vegetation is planted at mouths. section into the natural setting. For this, affected plant survival. This type of works is most frequent in stretches autochthonous species of trees, bushes and running through high value fauna zones. Large plants are used. animal crossings (for ungulates) are also built. 2004 2005 2006 NOTEWORTHY ACTIONS DURING 2004 2005 2006 (July) (julio) CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH SPEED Cross-drains No. of plants for LINES serving as restoration 315,860 852,770 1,373,643 fauna crossings Surface area (m2) (No.) 256 328 351 hydro sown 1,826,900 3,357,097 4,726,955 Protection of Biodiversity Ungulate specifi c In some cases specifi c preventive measures are Proper layout design of High Speed crossings (No.) 10 51 59 taken such as:

Lines is the most effective way to protect Further fauna protection measures taken on the • Individualized protection for unique fl ora. biodiversity. In the Lines currently under High Speed Lines constructed to date, include: • Tree and bush transplants. construction, large scale underground • Special replanting campaigns involving • Work stoppage during the nesting and gypsicola and river bank species. works and viaducts are being built to rearing seasons of some species. avoid Natural Protected Spaces and • Collision avoidance screens for steppe birds also non-protected havens for fl ora (Great Bustard) 5.7 km of 3 meter high berms and fauna. Two examples are the on both sides of track on Segovia-Valladolid section. 28 km Guadarrama Tunnel under the • Specifi c monitoring of chiropteran populations Guadarrama Mountain Range on the near Córdoba-Malaga line. New North Northwest Rail Access, • Reclamation of Molins de Rei wetlands (HSL and the 24 km Tunnel at Pajares, on Madrid-French Border). the New Rail Access to Asturias.

77 VIADUCT SPANNING THE A-7 MOTORWAY Environmental Integration:

Structure: Section two of the viaduct crosses the Mogent River. Repair landscaping will be done after P.K.: 405+700 construction. Length: 574.6 m (307 + 267.6) No. of spans: 11 (45+71+75+71+45+37.8 Planting of local Mediterranean river bank +4x48+37.6) species including woody plants, and trees such as willows, poplars and elms. Type: Section 1 – Braced Metal Viaduct Section 2- Pre stressed concrete box structure Tree Species: viaduct. Salix atrocinerea Section 1 – Braced Metal Viaduct Salix alba Populus nigra The metal structure is 307 meters long and Populus alba weighs approximately 2,800 tons. The viaduct Sambucus nigra has four intermediate concrete piers with spans Ulmus minor of 45 m, 71 m, 75 m, 71 m and 45 meters (from stirrup E-1 to Pier 5).Deck is constant Woody bushes and plants: curvature, radius 5,050 meters Elevation: 0.7% ascending longitudinal slope. Smilax aspera Virburnum tinus The metal structure is set on two box girders, Lonicera implexa approximately 1.585 x 3.500 mm, supported Asparagus acutifolius by cross-beams. Rosa spp Rubus spp Section 2- Pre stressed concrete box-type Pistacia lentiscus viaduct Approximate measurements: Isostatic box deck with 3.25 m cantilevering on each side, built over a centering arch. Total 3,800 m2 of surface area to be restored length is 267.6 m. 77 units of large trees 550 units woody and plant species The viaduct has ﬁ ve concrete piers and spans of 37.8 m, 48 m, 48 m, 48 m, 48 m and 37.8 meters (from Pier 6 to stirrup E-2).

The 14 m wide deck will hold rail ballast, two pedestrian walkways, two channels for cables; prefab impost railing.

78 FIRES The Forest Fire Prevention Plan describes the measures to avoid the risk In 2005 forty-three (43) trackside fi res of forest fi res. Drafted in compliance were caused by trains (towed and with fi re prevention regulations, the motorized material), installation failures Plan cites risks, specifi es high risk areas or track maintenance work. and includes preventive and corrective actions. It also contains recommended Most of these occurred in the summer safety precautions to be taken during months, with dry weather constituting a cutting and soldering, and information major factor. on hotspot detection.

Graph 16: Trackside Fires Data consolidated monthly (No.)

0 January February March April May June July August September October November December

2004 (RENFE) 2005 (ADIF)

Source: ADIF Executive Directorate - Trafﬁ c

EMISSIONS of power generation used by the • Direct emissions from company mainland grid company. vehicles. Emissions such as greenhouse gases, acidifying substances and troposphere • Direct emissions from boilers ozone precursors from ADIF´s activities powered by fuel oil and natural gas. are due to: • Direct emissions from tractive • Indirect emissions caused by materials and the machinery used generation of the electricity ADIF for track operations, maneuvers and uses. Emission levels depend on auxiliary operations. consumption, and also on the type

79 Table 29: Air Emissions from ADIF´s Activities

Source/yr SO2(t) NOx(t) COVNM(t) CO(t) CO2(t) CH4(t) N2O(t) CO2eq(t)(7) Indirect emissions due to recorded electricity consumption (2) 2004 (1) 1,140.36 332,89 6,39 17,03 109,831.61 1,37 1,83 110,427.93 2005 1,161.07 338,94 6,50 17,34 111,826.78 1,39 1,86 112,433.92 Direct emissions from boilers powered by fuel oil and natural gas (3) 2004 (1) 25,98 67,53 2,36 7,71 30,419.28 0,41 4,33 31,769.42 2005 (4) 6,73 10,88 0,44 1,16 5,367.37 0,04 1,02 5,683.07 Direct emissions from track maintenance, maneuvers and auxiliary operations (5) 2004 (1) 4,52 255,85 30,04 69,13 20,268.79 1,16 8,01 22,776.74 2005 3,98 225,12 26,43 60,83 17,834.68 1,02 7,05 20,041.44 Direct emissions from company vehicles (6) 2004 (1) 0,23 39,06 6,72 30,18 7,035.59 0,25 7,040.83 2005 0,19 32,20 5,63 25,89 5,788.55 0,21 5,793.06 Total emissions from ADIF activities 2004 (1) 1,171.09 695,33 45,51 124,06 167,555.27 3,19 14,17 172,014.91 2005 1,171.97 607,14 39,00 105,22 140,817.37 2,68 9,93 143,951.49

(1) 2004 data include estimated emissions for RENFE and GIF, not including traction. (2) Estimated based on recorded electricity consumption levels, data on atmospheric emissions by electricity generation system (SNAP Code 0101) for 2004, from the Ministry of Environment, and emission factor forecasts made for 2005. (3) Estimated based on recorded fuel consumption (diesel A and natural gas) and on emission factors proposed by CORINAIR. Emission Inventory for boilers under 50MW. (4) Consumption records on natural gas powered boilers not available. Emissions not cited for this reason. (5) Estimated based on recorded fuel consumption (diesel B) and on emission factors proposed by CORINAIR. Emission Inventory for rail sector track maintenance and maneuvering vehicles. (6) Estimated based on recorded fuel consumption (diesel A and gasoline) and on emission factors compiled by CORINAIR. Emission Inventory for Spain.

(7) Calculation of GHG emissions included CO2, CH4 and N2O, with following equivalents applied: 1 for CO2, 21 for CH4 and 310 for N2O.

80 In 2005 indirect emissions from the and either connecting these stations electrical power generation plants to public sewage systems, and/or supplying ADIF were the prime source installing treatment systems or septic of greenhouse gas emissions (78%) tanks. The total investment in this effort sulfur dioxide (99%) and nitrogen in 2005 was sixty-four thousand three oxides (56%). hundred seventy euros.

Direct emissions from track Graph 17: Greenhouse gas emissions by source, 2005 maintenance, maneuvers and auxiliary operations in 2005 represented 68% of all non-methane volatile organic Indirect emissions - electricity consumed (78.1%) compounds, and 58% of carbon monoxide emissions

Direct emissions - combustion (fuel oil & natural gas powered boilers) (3.9%) (*) Master Plan for UOT Emissions Reduction

ADIF´s Master Plan for UOT Emissions Reduction will coordinate with the Energy Direct emissions - track maintenance maneuvers and other operations (13.9%) Savings Plan to determine the actions required to achieve a 10% reduction in air emissions caused by its activities, between 2007-2010 Direct emissions - vehicle fleet (4.0%)

(*) Does not include emissions from boilers powered by natural gas. EFFLUENTS

These are mainly sewage from public restrooms at stations.

Stations with large amounts of waste water are connected to public sewage systems with treatment done at existing WWTF.

Some stations reporting to the Executive Trafﬁ c Directorate are located in isolated areas. For these, ADIF has continued with actions undertaken by RENFE, of eliminating cesspools

81 Table 30: Investments by Executive Trafﬁ c Directorate in WWT, Septic Tanks and/or Connections to Public Water Treatment Systems (€/yr) Autonomous Community 2004 (RENFE) (*) 2005 (ADIF) Andalucía 1,145 14,941 Aragón 51,880 Castilla-La Mancha 7,927 12,612 Cataluña 23,195 32,115 Castilla y León 53,922 700 Navarra 1,550 Extremadura 44,024 Galicia 48,882 682 País Vasco 1,770

Total 230,975 64,370

(*) Investments for RENFE stations now managed by ADIF Source: ADIF, Executive Directorate - Trafﬁ c

Table 31: Stations Managed by ADIF (*) Station Type Number of stations Assigned to Executive Directorate - Trafﬁ c 434 Assigned to Executive Directorate Passenger Stations 91 Assigned to Executive Directorate Freight Terminals 137 Assigned to Executive Directorate Heritage & Urban Development 551

Total 1,213

(*) There are also 489 Commuter stations and 2 Long Haul stations managed by RENFE-Operadora Source: ADIF

82 Table 32: Efﬂ uents Treatment in Stations Assigned to Executive Trafﬁ c Directorate

Number of stations No. of stations with Operational Dept. Number of stations WWT system, septic tank or connection to public sewage system

Madrid 98 89 León 79 79 Sevilla 74 72 Valencia 69 64 Barcelona 58 55 Miranda 56 54

Total 434 413

Source: ADIF, Executive Directorate - Trafﬁ c

WASTE legislation.Since they usually assume collection services. No information is responsibility for waste management available on fi nal deposit sites. Most waste is generated by station from transfer stations onward, ADIF is activities, such as passenger and unaware of fi nal waste destination. ADIF paid close to 119,000 euros for freight traffi c, infrastructure maintenance urban waste pick-up in 2005, 94% of activities and sanitary use. Master Plan - Hazardous Waste Management what RENFE paid in 2004.

One of the Plan objectives is: Explore the Hazardous Waste Non-hazardous Waste possibility of a common waste management system taking advantage of synergies among In 2005 ADIF activities generated Executive Directorates, to simplify waste This type of waste is managed as 138 t of hazardous waste, 9% of the processing and lower management costs. follows: amount generated by RENFE in 2004. •Old rail removed after maintenance

The amount of hazardous waste generated by is not sold, but reused on low trafﬁ c Spent oils and grease, batteries ADIF is 0.03%of the total generated by Spain’s lines or to stabilize slopes. and contaminated receptacles Service Sector overall. •Used ballast is spread around were responsible for 63.4% of the facilities. hazardous waste generated by ADIF Urban Waste •All ADIF works contracts contain in 2005. environmental clauses to regulate Station passengers in transit, shops the removal and management of Hazardous waste is collected and restaurants are the source of most the waste from concrete sleepers. by licensed waste management waste produced, which is picked Under the terms agreed, contractors companies that comply with current up by public cleaning and waste determine the ﬁ nal destination

83 Table 33: Hazardous Waste Generated during Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (t/yr) Type 2004 (RENFE) 1 2005 ADIF Oils and grease 371.07 46.28 Cleaning water efﬂ uents 177.69 6.19 Asbestos 6.21 4.88 Batteries & Components 202.49 31.02 Solvents 104.39 Oil Filters 56.30 1.53 Fluorescents 8.33 5.03 Sludge 248.61 3.41 Batteries 10.95 5.73 Paint 57.46 0.08 Polychlorobiphenyls 127.55 1.97 Receptacles and other materials 78.32 10.40 Sanitary waste 1.01 0.91 Metal waste 37.83 7.58 Contaminated soil 50.26 0.12 Toner 1.01 0.79 Rags and other absorbent material 32.85 6.68 Other 9.76 5.70

Total 1,582.08 138.29

(*) 2004 ﬁ gures are for RENFE, former manager of part of the infrastructures now under ADIF management, and for 2005 rail transport management by RENFE-Operadora Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

TableTabla 34: WasteTasas abonadas Collection porFees recogida Paid (€/yr) de basuras (en euros/año) 2004 RENFE 2005 ADIF Fees paid 126,366 118,693

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

84 SOIL CONTAMINATION To comply with the Royal Decree and other related legislation passed by The purpose of Royal Decree 9/2005 Autonomous Communities, in May that went into force in February 2005 2005, ADIF entered a 2006-2007 was to expand the scope of the contract with the industrial waste 1998 Waste Act (10/1998), that management company, Empresa de in its day had defi ned potentially soil Gestión de Residuos Industriales, S.A. contaminating activities and standard (EMGRISA). criteria for contaminated soil reporting. Services Under the terms of the Decree, owners of companies whose activities could Noise linked to infrastructures and potentially contaminate soil are installations managed obligated to: Noise from train traffi c at ADIF • Submit a report on each soil area managed infrastructures is one of its potentially affected by their activities main acoustic impacts, and affects to the competent body within the mostly urban areas. Autonomous Community prior to February 2007. ADIF received 18 complaints in 2005, 89% due to noise, and 11% due to • If so required by competent body, vibrations. submit more detailed reports, periodical status reports, and In 2005, Royal Decree 1513/2005 detailed risk and decontamination amended and expanded upon the estimates for the contaminated soil. terms of Spain’s 2003 Noise Act (37/2003) to include those of EU Potentially soil contaminating activities Council Directive 2002/49/EC cited under the Royal Decree include relating to the Assessment and fuel storage for own use in cases Evaluation of Environmental Noise. of average annual consumption This was the fi rst regulation in exceeding 300,000 liters, and Spain on transport generated noise storage capacities of 50,000 liters or emissions (and inmissions) that above. 40% of ADIF managed storage included vibrations, set limits on urban facilities fi t this latter description. development and called for preventive and corrective measures to reduce acoustic contamination posing a

85 potential threat to human health, the TablaTable 35:34: ComplaintsTasas abonadas due topor noise recogida or vibrations de basuras (No.) (en euros/año) common good, or the environment. Type 2004 (RENFE) 2005 (ADIF) Noise 13 16 In November 2005, the Ministry of Vibrations 4 2 Transport and Infrastructures assigned ADIF the job of drawing up strategic Total 17 18 maps for the Action Plans, to be Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment submitted for Ministerial approval. Table 36: Obligations Delegated to ADIF by Min. of Transport & The Noise Law requires that Noise TablaInfrastructures, 34: Tasas on abonadas Compliance por recogidawith Noise de Act basuras 37/2003 (en euros/año) Maps be drawn up for all lines in Railway Traffi c >60,000 trains/yr 60,000 trains/yr > traffi c > operation, along with graphs depicting 30,000 trains/yr scaled values on population noise Km. of network affected 685 3,000 exposure levels. These documents, to Strategic Map (due date) 30.06.2007 30.06.2012 Action Plan 18.07.2008 18.07.2013 be submitted for approval by public Application of measures 07/2008 – 07/2013 07/2013 – 07/2017 authorities, must be revised every fi ve years. Action Plans will be designed based on the information gathered.

Noise Map – Pilot Version

The Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures asked ADIF to draw up a pilot version of a Strategic Noise Map for use in Spain’s rail network, based on the noise calculation model used in the Netherlands published there as “Reken-en Meetvoorschrift Railverkeerslawaai’96” (Guidelines for the calculation and measurement of rail transport noise 1996).

Pursuant to this, ADIF signed an agreement with CEDEX (a public institution dedicated to Public Works studies and experiments) to apply the Dutch model to two sections of Spain’s railway infrastructures, focusing on section and rolling stock speciﬁ cs.

86 Rail Safety: Accident Risk ADIF. This ﬁ gure is based on ofﬁ cial ADIF was not responsible for any of the statistics, that include all accidents accidents that occurred on the rail network in Train travel is safer than other modes of recorded, regardless of cause or fault 2005 transport. Train and air travel have the determined. lowest fatality rates per transport unit.

In 2005 a total of one hundred seven (107) accidents occurred on the rail infrastructures managed by

Table 37: No. of fatal accidents in 2000 by mode of transport Tabla(No. of 34: fatalities Tasas abonadasper billion por passenger-km) recogida de basuras (en euros/año) Transport Mode Index Motorcycles 46 2005 accident rates for ADIF managed rail transport infrastructures show one accident per Pedestrian 45 2.4 million kilometers traveled per train Bicycle 32 Car 5.9 Air (public transport) 0.4 Rail 0.3

Source: European Environment Agency. Indicator fact sheet. TERM 2003 09 EU- Number of transport accidents, fatalities and injuries (land, air and sea)

Table 38: Accident rate on rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF

Tabla(No. of 34: accidents Tasas abonadas / million portrain recogida kilometers) de basuras (en euros/año) The number of accidents on the ADIF managed 2004 (RENFE) 2005 (ADIF) rail network in 2005 was sixteen (16) times Value recorded 0.58 0.42 lower than that of the nation’s roadway systems Objective value 0.68 0.56

Source: ADIF, Executive Directorate - Trafﬁ c

87 Table 39: Index of accidents recorded in 2005. Comparison of Spanish highways and ADIF Tablamanaged 34: Tasasrail network abonadas por recogida de basuras (en euros/año) Highway Rail Network Managed (1) by ADIF (2)

No. of accidents per billion TU´s 54.28 3.47 No. of fatalities per million TU´s 92.24 2.07 No. of fatalities per billion TU´s 4.16 1.94

(1) Index calculated using accident data from 2005 Statistics Report, Min. of Transport and Infrastructures, for all Spanish road networks, excluding urban areas. (2) Index calculated based on accident data supplied by ADIF Traffi c Safety Directorate These indexes refl ect offi cial statistics on all accidents recorded, regardless of party at fault or cause.

Graph 18: Index of accidents recorded on Spanish highway network and ADIF managed rail network 2005

100

0 No. accidents recorded, No. accident victims per No. fatalities per per billion TUs billion TUs billion TUs

Road Network Rail Network mgd. by ADIF

88 Hazardous Freight Trafﬁ c TablaTable 40:34: HazardousTasas abonadas Freight por Transport recogida on de ADIF basuras Managed (en euros/año) Infrastructures (tons/yr) Transport Mode 2004 2005 The carriage of hazardous goods Wagon 1,496,645 1,471,104 on the network managed by ADIF, is Container 781,277 727,584 regulated by the General Instructions included in No. 43, 2005 of Royal Total 2,277,922 2,198,688 Decree 412/2001 and the Regulation Source: Civil Defense and Safety Directorate Flows of Hazardous Freight Transported by Rail – 2004 on the International Carriage of & 2005 Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID).

Under risk prevention measures, trains with hazardous cargo are forbidden to:

• Circulate on lines running through populated areas when alternative routes exists.

• Stable trains in populated areas.

• Stop in tunnels over 100 meters long.

In 2005, ﬁ ve accidents occurred involving hazardous cargo. Three were due to leaks, and only one was due to container damage, content leakage and ﬁ re.

89 Table 41: Accidents Recorded during Transport of Hazardous Rail Freight on Infrastructures Managed by ADIF

Characteristics Autonomous Station or Nearest Location Year Province Freight Involved Community Station (Kilometer) T1 S2 P3 E4

2004 (RENFE) Andalusia Jaén Linares - Baeza Diesel engine fuel or mineral oil based fuel oil for heating 3 0 2004 (RENFE) Andalusia Jaén Linares - Baeza Nitric acid 3 0 2004 (RENFE) Andalusia Jaén Vilches Hydroﬂ uoric acid and liquid alkylsulphonic acids or liquid arylsulphonic acids 2 0 2004 (RENFE) Aragón Zaragoza Fabra Carbon disulﬁ de and sodium hydroxide solutions 3 1 2004 (RENFE) Asturias Asturias Tudela - Veguin Gaseous hydrocarbons in N.E.P. mixture 3 1 2004 (RENFE) Asturias Asturias Pola de Lena 108 Gaseous hydrocarbons in N.E.P. mixture 3 1 X X 2004 (RENFE) Catalonia Girona Portbou Refrigerated liquid argon 3 1 2004 (RENFE) Catalonia Girona Portbou Potassium hydroxide solution 3 0 2004 (RENFE) Galicia Pontevedra Vigo-Guixar Propane 3 1 2004 (RENFE) Basque Country Álava Jundiz Liquid alkylsulphonic or arylsulphonic acids 2 0 2004 (RENFE) [March 2004] Basque Country Vizcaya Lutxana-Baracaldo Sulfuric acid 2 0 2004 (RENFE) [August 2004] Basque Country Vizcaya Lutxana-Baracaldo Sulfuric acid 2 0 2005 (ADIF) Aragón Zaragoza La Almozara Hypochlorite solution 3 1 2005 (ADIF) Castile - La Mancha Albacete Chinchilla Refrigerated liquid argon 3 0 2005 (ADIF) Catalonia Girona Portbou Liquid potentially hazardous for the environment N.E.P. 4 1 2005 (ADIF) Extremadura Cáceres Cáceres Dichloromethane 3 0 2005 (ADIF) Basque Country Vizcaya Sulfuric acid with over 51% acid content 2 0

90 Table 41: Accidents Recorded during Transport of Hazardous Rail Freight on Infrastructures Managed by ADIF

1T: Type of Accident Type 1: Accident or Type 2: Container damage Type 3: Container damage Type 4: Damage or ﬁ re in Type 5: Content explosion breakdown impeding due to accident ,overturn or due to accident and content container, content leaks & causing container vehicle or transport convoy derailing leak or spill ﬂ ames destruction continuation of route. Container of hazardous material transported unaffected; no derailing or overturn involved.

2S: Emergency Situations Situation 0: Accidents Situation 1: Accidents Situation 2: Accidents Situation 3: Accidents controlled by prescribed brought under control for which proper control declared a threat to national means in place, that pose using prescribed means in and protective measures interests by the Ministry of no danger to persons place, requiring protective for persons, goods or Justice and Min. of Interior. outside control and clean-up measures for persons, the environment requires teams, to the environment, goods or the environment intervention of personnel/ or to any other property endangered or potentially means beyond the scope of than the rail network itself, at endangered by the the A.C. Plan, who must be accident site. accident. sent in by the Organization in charge of the State Plan.

3P: Population Endangerment 4E: Evacuation Required

Source: Ministry of Interior, General Directorate Civil Defense Report on emergencies occurring during the rail and road transport of hazardous freight 2003-2004 & 2005

91 LEGAL COMPLIANCE 2.Tree felling - non-compliance with Water Supply in the Community of Castile-La Mancha Law on Soil Madrid. Resolved in 2006. Fine In 2005, ADIF received only Conservation and Protection of C-LM paid. four administrative sanctions for Natural Vegetation. Resolved in non-compliance with applicable 2006. Fine paid: 1,420€. 4.Bilbao Abando Station. Violation of environmental regulations. Municipal Noise Ordinance during 3.Unauthorized garden watering. works execution. 1.Non-compliance with the Andalusia Complaint ﬁ led at ADIF central Forestry Law. Resolved in 2005. Fine ofﬁ ces in Madrid, drought related paid: 650€. Exceptional Measures Act Regulating

Table 42: Disciplinary Filings and Sanctions Non-compliance or Presumed Non- Year Facility / Action Competent Authority compliance 2005 Brush clearing - approximately 50 m x 3 Cádiz Province Department of Regional Andalusia Forestry Act (articles 76.2 and m surface area - disposal on 50 m strip Ministry of Environment – Andalusia 76.9) within boundaries of Bahía de Cádiz Regional Government Natural Park.

2005 Calera y Chozas Station Regional Ministry of Environment and Law 2/1988 of 31 May, on Soil Tree felling: 62 poplar, 8 willow and Rural Development of Castile-La Mancha Conservation and Protection of Natural 1 ash Vegetation

2005 Spray watering of approximately Regional Ministry of Environment and Law 3/1992, of 21 May, Exceptional 10,000 m2 of lawn at ADIF installations, Territorial Planning – A.C. Madrid Measures Regulating Water Supply Use using public water supply. in A.C. Madrid and Decree 97/2005, of 29 September, Council of Government, on Exceptional Measures Regulating Water Supply Use in the Autonomous Community of Madrid

2005 Bilbao Abando Station Bilbao City Government Municipal Noise Ordinance Exceeding permitted noise levels during works execution

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

92 ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT Graph 19: Environmental protection expenditure, 2005 AND EXPENDITURES

In 2005, ADIF made environmental investments and expenditures of 102 Waste (42.3%) million euros and nearly 1 million euros, respectively. WWT (2.1%)

51.1 % of environmental expenditure Noise & vibrations (1.4%) on operations went to Environmental Management Systems and Programs EMS & specific programs (51.1%) and 42.3% for waste management. Soil decontamination (3.1%)

Graph 20: Environmental protection investments, 2005

Waste (0.47%) WWT (0.16%) Noise & vibrations (0.11%) EIS compliance (2.54%) Woks (96.72%)

93 Table 43: Environmental Protection Expenditure (€) Año 2004 ADIF 2005 Renfe GIF Total A.- Operations 2,406,269 2,406,269 967,645 Waste 1,023,010 1,023,010 409,718 Waste water treatment. 913,619 913,619 20,512 Noise & vibrations 150,000 150,000 13,530 Environmental Management Systems & E-speciﬁ c Programs 234,171 234,171 494,025 Air Pollution 23,262 23,262 Soil Decontamination 62,207 62,207 29,860

B. Investment 1,561,572 61,361,176 62,922,748 102,084,249 Waste 663,442 663,442 482,397 Waste water treatment. 587,050 587,050 158,466 Noise & vibrations 311,080 311,080 113,877 EIS compliance 1,691,100 1,691,100 2,596,068 Projects 214,671 Construction 1,691,100 1,691,100 2,381,396 Works 59,670,076 59,670,076 98,733,441

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

Table 44: 2005 Environmental Investments in Construction of New Railway Accesses (Units: €/yr) Madrid - New Rail Access Madrid ACs Castile - to North and – Barcelona Córdoba Pajares Orense - Item La Mancha, Total Northwest – French - Málaga Alternate Santiago Valencia and Spain Border Murcia

Soil and embankment treatments; environmental integration measures 9,874,686.90 8,090,172.13 4,744,964.71 2,798,411.79 39,436.92 25,547,672.45 Landﬁ ll upgrading 1,142,754.71 9,869.02 2,291,465.92 2,677,379.07 554,934.69 6,676,403.41 Noise protection 440,088.16 20,620.28 460,708.44 Fauna protection 6,054,981.24 3,123.22 1,468,714.96 27,841.58 7,554,661.00 Archeological protection 383,459.13 43,873.93 726,522.56 78,004.16 3,381.98 59,083.43 1,294,325.19 Water quality 15,917.86 1,180,138.29 25,183.92 54,238.88 1,275,478.95

94 Table 44: 2005 Environmental Investments in Construction of New Railway Accesses (Units: €/yr)

Madrid - New Rail Access Madrid ACs Castile - to North and – Barcelona Córdoba Pajares Orense - Item La Mancha, Total Northwest – French - Málaga Alternate Santiago Valencia and Spain Border Murcia Environmental Monitoring of Works 189,596.88 373,913.15 884,557.57 74,732.95 8,966.80 1,531,767.35 Environmental stake-off of worksites 1,030,236.88 19,794.81 593,669.34 6,828.65 75.55 3,922.24 1,654,527.47 Air quality 761,469.25 74,975.62 2,987.09 839,431.96 Structures modiﬁ ed for EIS compliance 33,450,087.02 1,502,403.55 16,638,502.81 51,590,993.38 Compensatory measures 4,147.43 66,642.40 236,832.62 307,622.45 Total Environmental 52,903,189.87 10,122,272.86 29,035,266.72 5,948,822.11 652,068.02 71,972.47 98,733,592.05 Total Works 394,700,967.85 343,598,227.49 351,677,647.73 214,305,068.80 158,163,986.08 9,274,171.65 1,471,720,069.60

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

Investment in environmental protection The investments cited were mostly accounted for 6.71% of certiﬁ ed in structural adjustments made total at new rail access construction to meet terms of Environmental worksites. This ratio varies greatly Impact Statements (52.3%), soil among the different lines, depending and embankment treatments, and on the individual stage of construction. environmental/landscape integration (25.9%).

95 Graph 21: Construction of New Rail Accesses 2005 Environmental investments in relation to total investment (%)

0 Madrid-Castile La New access to Madrid-Barcelona- Córdoba-Málaga Pajáres Alternate Orense-Santiago Total Mancha-A.C.s North and Northwest French Border Valencia–Murcia Spain

Graph 22: Construction of New Rail Accesses 2005 Breakdown of Environmental Investments (%)

Soil, embankment treatments and environmental integration (25.9%)

Landfill upgrading (6.8%)

Fauna protection (7.7%)

Structures changed for EIS compliance (52.3%)

Other investments (7.5%)

96 CONSERVATION OF SPAIN’S A.C. Valencia’s Directorate on Cultural presented, with archeologist, David Vizcaíno HISTORICAL HERITAGE Heritage and its Regional Government as Excavation Supervisor. Museums surveyed the site, and The historical heritage, and specifi cally selected the remains to be sent to area On 9 February 2004, Valencia’s Regional Ministry of Culture issued its authorization. the archeological of a nation, are non- museums. renewable cultural resources that could Excavation work commenced on 1 April, potentially be affected by construction ADIF made an investment of approximately 10 2004. works on any type of infrastructure. This million euros for the sole purpose of preserving the archeological site. On 25 June, 2004, the excavation work risk is evaluated before works in the on the Roman Villa and Islamic cemetery corresponding Environmental Impact came to a close. A preliminary report on the Studies and Environmental Impact The ruins date back to the High archeological work performed was submitted that day to Valencia’s Regional Ministry of Statements, and preventive measures Imperial era, and are comprised of a Culture. are specifi ed. Roman Villa with a residential zone, an area for agricultural and livestock Archeological Excavation: Even so, during works excavation work. South of the villa proper is Area Excavated: 2,746 m2, within the land stage, uncharted archeological remains a grouping of much more humble expropriated for construction of that section of are occasionally únearthed´. When dwellings, estimated to date from the the Line. this occurs, we see it as an opportunity 5th - 6th century, A.D. to contribute to greater knowledge and Personnel Involved: 3 supervising archeologists and 5 archeology technicians, among other conservation of Historical Heritage. An Islamic era cemetery was also personnel. discovered. Discovery of the Roman Villa, Work Performed: Els Alters THE DISCOVERY: Mechanical: Removal of 20 cm vegetation soil from platform. In the course of earthmoving for The archeological remains and building the Madrid – Levantine Coast Line, ruins were discovered in late August 2003 Manual: Harris Matrix chrono-stratigraphic during the archeological monitoring and excavation of the entire site. All strata, archeological remains were uncovered controls practiced during clearing and structures and materials found were in the section between Valencia earthmoving works. Valencia’s Regional documented. – Alicante and sub-section Xátiva Ministry of Culture was informed on the day - L´Énova. of discovery. Studies & Analysis: All those required for site dating. On 30 September, 2003, a precautionary In its awareness of the importance the work stoppage order was issued for the Material Found: 500 crates of archeological site could have for the county, ADIF, kilometer points affected. fi nd were taken from the site for future research. called a precautionary halt to works After the site was duly surveyed and staked off, Preliminary Report: Includes assessment of while an agreement was reached on 6 February, 2004, the Works Supervisor archeological intervention results. Permission with local authorities on how to best requested permission to intervene, and an to re-continue civil works was requested and preserve the archeological remains. excavation plan for the Els Alters site was received.

97 98 Scientifi c Report: A Scientifi c Report was Baths fed from hot springs were also found. Project Modifi cation drafted and published on all scientifi c research and inter-disciplinary work performed at the Rustic: A wall separated the villa from and The changes made directly affect a section of site. framed a large space that was further divided approximately one kilometer, and consist of: by 2 parallel walls, probably built as a Cost: Total cost of the work was separate zone for agricultural labors, with its • Construction of 2, twin span viaducts 1,104,306.61 euros. own water conduits. over the Roman remains, to elevate both conventional railway tracks and those of the Results In the western-most portion, a necropolis New High Speed Line. with16 burial sites, deemed to be of Islamic The Els Alters Roman Villa is near l’Ènova origin, were found. • Grade elevation around the 2 viaducts, to and Xàtiva (Valencia), in an area fl anked by raise gauge bar to 2.5 and 3.5 meters. mountains and bluffs, alongside the Albaida The Roman necropolis may be located near River. this burial ground found. Some funereal steles As suggested by site Archeologists, the site is have been found outside excavation site now provisionally protected by a geo-textile Nearly 3,000 meters was examined to boundaries. blanket, and fi ller. document the layout of the Roman Villa, including a major portion of the residential, Legal Compliance work, production and storage zones. Scrupulous compliance with all related The Villa dates from the High Imperial Era. legislation involved: Laws 16/1985 on Toward the end of the 2nd Century A.D. new Spanish Historical Heritage and 4/1998 living areas and baths were added. The Villa on Valencia Cultural Heritage, prescriptive deteriorated after being abandoned between requirements of the EIS and those issued by the 3rd and 4th century, was later plundered the General Directorate on Regional Heritage - by nearby dwellers living 80 meters south of Regional Ministry of Culture, of A.C. Valencia. the villa, and used as a dumpsite until the 6th Century. Conservation of the Roman Villa, Els Alters

The Villa was divided into two zones: In a further cultural and economic effort, ADIF changed the High Speed Line Construction Urban High Imperial Era, expanded in the Plan for this sub-section, to build a viaduct 2nd Century. This was the residential zone, over the Roman Villa. This ingenious civil organized around a central open porticoed engineering solution will enable future patio, set off by a low wall that probably generations to enjoy the Roman Villa served as railing, and regularly spaced pillars archeological site. for roof support. The roof was itself was equipped with an impluvium, a slight slope to collect rainwater.

Living quarters opened onto the patio’s surrounding tile roofed corridor, which was 3.25 m wide. Some red-yellow-blue and white mosaic ﬂ ooring (opus tesselatum) was found. The walls were of mortared stone and remnants of mural paint were found in mortar facing.

99 100 8. ADIF´s Contribution to Environmentally Sustainable Transport

ADIF´s contribution to environmentally Table 45: Energy and Fuel Use for Traction, by Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed sustainable transport is measured Tablaby ADIF 34: Tasas abonadas por recogida de basuras (en euros/año) based on the eco-efﬁ ciency indicators Energy Type 2004 2005 of the rail transport system Electric (GWh/yr) 1,970.58 2,020.48 infrastructures it manages Diesel Fuel B (M liters/yr) 100.60 100.70

Source: ADIF

ENERGY CONSUMPTION Table 46: Energy Use for Rail Transport Traction, by System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF Tabla(in TJ) 34: Tasas abonadas por recogida de basuras (en euros/año) The energy consumed by ADIF Energy Type 2004 2005 managed rail infrastructures is mainly Electric 7,094.10 7,273.73 of two types: electricity generated by Diesel fuel type B 3,705.01 3,708.94 Spain’s Mainland Grid for Electric Traction, and type B Diesel Fuel, for Total 10,799.10 10,982.67 Diesel Traction. TablaTable 47:34: TotalTasas Energy abonadas Use porby Railrecogida Transport de basuras System (enInfrastructures euros/año) Managed by ADIF (in TJ) Electricity accounts for 66% of all 2004 2005 energy used for tractive purposes. Energy Consumption for Tractive Uses - operators 10,799.10 10,982.67 Energy Consumption - own activities 1 1,906.12 1,381.23 Other energy consumed outside the system of infrastructures managed Total 12,705.22 12,363.90 by ADIF, is mainly for Uses Other 1 2004 consumption ﬁ gure is for RENFE & GIF; 2005 ﬁ gure for ADIF Than Traction (UOT), within ADIF´s own activities, as described in the Environmental Performance section.

Approximately 90% of all energy consumption in the ADIF managed rail system is for traction.

101 ENERGY USE OF RAIL TRANSPORT Graph 23: Energy Consumption for Tractive Uses SYSTEM COMPARED WITH TOTAL NATIONAL CONSUMPTION 12.000

Energy consumption is rising constantly 10.000 in Spain, with a 2.4% increase 8.000 registered between 2004-2005. Conversely, in ADIF managed Diesel B 6.000 rail infrastructures, ﬁ nal energy Electricity consumption dropped by 2.7% over 4.000 the same period. 2.000 National electrical energy consumption is growing at a quicker pace than 0 ﬁ nal energy consumption, and rose 2004 2005 4.6% between 2004-2005. For Source: ADIF Executive Directorate Telecommunications & Energy rail transport systems, the recorded consumption increase is 1.02%, well Graph 24: Total Energy Consumption of Rail Transport System Managed by ADIF below the national average. 14.000

In 2005, the ADIF managed rail infrastructure 12.000 system consumed 0.28% of all ﬁ nal energy consumed in Spain, and 0.95% of all 10.000 electricity. Energy consumed by operators 8.000 for traction Energy consumed in own 6.000 activities ADIF

4.000

2.000

0 2004 2005

Source: ADIF Executive Directorate Telecommunications & Energy

102 Graph 25: Final Energy Use of Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF compared to Spain (%)

0,30

0,25 0.28 0.29 0,20

0,15

0,10

0,05

0,00 2004 2005

Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism & Commerce, General Secretariat Energy Energy in Spain 2005; and ADIF

Graph 26: Electrical Energy Use of Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF compared to Spain (%)

1,00

0,90 0.98 0.95 0,80

0,70

0,60

0,50

0,40

0,30

0,20

0,10

0,00 2004 2005 Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism & Commerce, General Secretariat Energy Energy in Spain 2005; and ADIF

103 TRACTIVE ENERGY CONSUMPTION TRACTIVE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ADIF managed rail infrastructures consume COMPARED TO TRANSPORT SECTOR PER TRANSPORT UNIT 4.9 times less energy than road transport to OVERALL move one Transport Unit , and up to 9.3 times In 2005, traction related energy less than air transport. The transport sector is a major energy consumption of the rail transport system consumer. In 2005 nearly 36.2% of all infrastructures managed by ADIF was fi nal energy consumption in Spain was 356 kJ per Transport Unit. from this sector. In terms of energy effi ciency per transport unit, rail is much more In 2005, ADIF managed rail transport effi cient than road or air transport. system infrastructures transported 4.3% of all passengers and 2.9% of all freight moved nationwide, while using only a fraction (0.68%) of the energy consumed by the national transport sector overall.

Graph 27. Freight Trafﬁ c Distribution 2005 (%)

ADIF managed rail infraestructures (2.90%)

Other rail (0.15%)

Air (0.61%)

Road (96.34%)

Source: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures Annual Statistics 2005 (*) Observations: Estimate of 2005 air trafﬁ c based on 2004 data, assuming trafﬁ c rises equivalent to average recorded for 2002-2004

104 Graph 28: Energy Consumption for Traction in Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF vs. Spanish Transport Sector (%)

0,700

0,600 0.682 0,500 0.678

0,400

0,300

0,200

0,100

0,000 2004 2005

Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism & Commerce, General Secretariat Energy Energy in Spain 2005; and ADIF

Graph 29. Passenger Trafﬁ c Distribution 2005 (%)

ADIF managed rail infraestructures (4.27%)

Other rail (0.39%)

Air (5.19%)

Road (90.14%)

105 Graph 30: Energy Consumption per TU (kJ/Transport Unit) AIR EMISSIONS DUE TO TRACTION

3.500 3.330 Electric and diesel traction are the 3.245 source of air emissions by ADIF

3.000 managed rail transport system infrastructures.

2.500 All electricity used for electric traction comes from Spain’s National Grid. 2.000 Emissions are indirect, e.g., are due 1.756 1.698 not to the trains themselves, but to emissions generated by power plants. 1.500

Indirect emissions levels depend not 1.000 only on consumption, but also on the power generation methods of the

500 354 356 power supply company.

The 15% increase in indirect GHG 0 emissions recorded between 2004- 2004 2005 2005, is due to drought and the ADIF managed rail infrastructures subsequently higher use of thermal, conventional or combined cycle Road Transport electricity generation. Domestic Air Transport

Source: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures Annual Statistics 2005; Ministry of Environment (2006); Inventory of GHG Emissions in Spain 1990-2004; ADIF (*) Observations: Estimate of 2005 air traffi c based on 2004 data, assuming traffi c increases equivalent to recorded 2002-2004 average Estimate of domestic air traffi c fuel consumption based on data from Inventory of GHG Emissions in Spain 1990-2004

106 Graph 31: Greenhouse Gas Emissions due to Traction Rail Transport System Infrastructures managed by ADIF (equiv tons CO2/yr)

1.200.000

1.000.000 301,765 301,444 800.000

600.000

400.000 833,583 727,076

200.000

0 2004 2005

Indirect emissions – electric traction Direct emissions – diesel traction

Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

Table 48: Traction Related Air Emissions of the Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF

Source/yr SO2(t) NOx(t) COVNM(t) CO(t) CO2(t) CH4(t) N2O (t) CO2 eq (t) (3) Indirect emissions due to recorded electric consumption (1) 2004 7.508,31 2.191,82 42,06 112,12 723.149,59 9,01 12,05 727.075,82 2005 8.608,17 2.512,89 48,22 128,54 829.081,33 10,33 13,82 833.582,70 Direct emissions due to diesel traction (2) 2004 59,85 3.386,07 397,61 914,92 268.252,50 15,39 106,03 301.444,50 2005 59,92 3.389,66 398,03 915,89 268.537,33 15,41 106,14 301.764,57 Total emissions due to Traction 2004 7.568,16 5.577,88 439,66 1.027,04 991.402,09 24,40 118,08 1.028.520,32 2005 8.668,09 5.902,55 446,24 1.044,44 1.097.618,66 25,74 119,96 1.135.347,27

(1) Estimated based on recorded electricity consumption levels, data on air emissions by grid generation system (SNAP Code 0101) are for 2004, from the Ministry of Environment, and emission factor forecasts made for 2005. (2) Estimated based on recorded fuel consumption (diesel B) and on emission factors proposed by CORINAIR. Emission Inventory for diesel traction, and on 2004 data supplied by Ministry of Environment.

(3) Calculation of GHG emissions included CO2, CH4 y N2O, emissions, and the following equivalents were applied: 1 for CO2, 21 for CH4 & 310 for

N2O Source: ADIF, Directorate for the Environment

107 In 2005 indirect emissions due to Graph 32: GHG(*) Emission per TU. Rail Transport System Infrastructures managed by ADIF electrical traction were the prime (equiv g CO2/TU) source of greenhouse gas emissions (73%) and sulfur dioxide (99%). 40 36.77 33.76 Direct emissions from diesel traction 35 in 2005, by type and percentages, were: nitrogen oxide 57%; non- 30 methane organic compounds 89%; carbon monoxide 88%; and methane 25 60%. 20

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PER 15 TRANSPORT UNIT 10 Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGE) per Transport unit ﬂ uctuated, due 5 primarily to the previously mentioned changes in electrical power generation 0 processes used by the Spanish 2004 2005 Mainland Grid. (*) Includes direct emissions from diesel traction and indirect emissions from electric traction.

108 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS Graph 33: GHG Emissions per TU in Different Transport Modes 2004 AND THE TRANSPORTATION 2004 (g equiv CO2/TU) SECTOR 300

246.20 From the standpoint of greenhouse gas 250 emissions, the eco-efﬁ ciency of both passenger and freight rail transport 200 is superior to that of other modes of 150 transportation. 125.01

To move one Transport Unit, ADIF managed rail 100 infrastructures produce 3.7 times less GHG 33.76 than road transport, and up to 7.3 times less 50 than air transport.

0 Rail (*) Road Air Source: Data compiled by ADIF based on information from: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures Each Transport Unit moved by rail rather than by road avoids the emission of 91 g of Annual Statistics 2005; Ministry of Environment (2006); Inventory of GHG Emissions in Spain 1990- equivalent CO2 per kilometer 2004; ADIF

Graph 34: Emissions from Freight and Passenger Transport in Spain 2004 (% equiv. CO2) In 2004, ADIF managed rail transport system infrastructures transported 4.3% of all passengers and 2.9% of all freight moved nationwide, while causing only 1.03% of total greenhouse gas emissions within the national transport sector. ADIF managed rail infrastructures (1.03%)

Road (93.02%)

Domestic Air (5.95%)

Source: Data compiled by ADIF based on information from: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures Annual Statistics 2005; Ministry of Environment (2006); Inventory of GHG Emissions in Spain 1990- 2004; and ADIF

109 EXTERNAL COSTS Transport Sector Evolution and Eco-efﬁ ciency Among the actions included in the Strategic (*) Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT) to Like other production sector, transport The transport sector directly impacts the achieve a more sustainable national transport has non-production associated external environment through the emission of system, is the decision to prioritize rail greenhouse gases and acidifying particles, infrastructures and transport. costs, which are borne by society. noise, energy consumption, territorial fragmentation, and the landscape impacts due (*) Source: National Sustainability These external costs, which are to infrastructure development. It also has direct Observatory. primarily due to environmental social repercussions on public health. Sustainability in Spain - 2006

pressures caused by sector activity, In 2004, Spain’s transport sector accounted have a direct effect on the system’s for 6.53% of the GDP and 11% of service overall sustainability. activities.

According to 2003 OECD data, the use of The following evaluation of the private vehicles accounts for over 83% of all external costs of different modes of passenger transportation in Spain, which is transportation was compiled based higher than the OECD member state average. on information gathered in a study Pressures affecting transport sector sustainability sponsored by the UIC, and performed include: by INFRAS and IWW, Universitaet Karlsruhe. Entitled The External Costs • Congestion in infrastructures and cities, due to higher mobility of persons and of Transport, Updated Study,(2004), merchandise. it is an in-depth follow-up of the original study, published in 2000, that • Emission of polluting gases. Between 1990- 2003, transport related GHG emissions in quantiﬁ ed external costs by transport Spain rose 71%, 47 points above average mode for each EU 17 member state EU-15 increase. (EU, Switzerland and Norway), and also average per unit costs (per PKM • Energy consumption and ensuing greenhouse gas emissions are constantly rising because and TKM) by cost component and transport volumes grow at faster rates than the transport mode for EU-17 overall. energy efﬁ ciency of the modes of transport used.

• Other negative impacts include: accidents, noise and water pollution.

• The growth and expansion of transport network infrastructures, particularly highways, is responsible for massive land occupation and conversion of natural spaces for artiﬁ cial use.

110 Table 49. External per Unit Costs by Mode of Transport 2000 Data for Spain Passengers (€/1,000 PKM) Mercancías (en euros / 1.000 TKM)

Rail Air BusCar Rail Air Truck

Accidents 0.7 0.4 1.1 19.9 0.0 0.0 7.8 Noise 3.3 1.7 0.6 3.3 3.3 8.7 7.6 Air Pollution 5.8 2.3 9.4 8.2 8.6 15.2 44.1 Climate Change 5.2 44.2 3.8 11.3 3.3 229.6 17.4 Nature and Natural Landscape 0.5 0.8 0.3 1.9 0.3 3.7 3.0 Upstream/Downstream Processes 2.9 1.0 1.8 3.3 2.5 7.2 9.1 Additional Costs in Urban Areas 1.1 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.5 Related Congestion Costs Urban Congestion 6.0 35.3 30.9 Inter-urban Congestion 5.2 50.4 39.9 Total for Spain not including congestion 19.4 50.3 17.1 49.0 18.6 264.4 90.5

Source: Estimated based on total external costs per mode of transport for Spain (INFRAS 2004) and distribution for EU 17 by cost component and transport mode (INFRAS 2004)

In 2005, the external costs incurred For air transport, the principal external by passenger and freight transport cost component is climate change on ADIF managed rail infrastructures (88%). -not including marginal costs due to congestion- came to 590 million But road transport has by far the euros. greatest impact, with a combination of external cost components that includes Costs components vary greatly by air pollution (37%), climate change transport mode. (21%) and also accidents (20%). This, not including the marginal costs of For rail transport, the main external cost trafﬁ c congestion, which are especially components are air pollution (36%), prevalent in road transport due to climate change (24%) and noise inefﬁ cient use of infrastructures. (17%).

111 Table 50. External Costs Associated with Different Modes of Transport 2005, not counting the cost of trafﬁ c congestion (millions of euros)

Rail transport on infrastructures Cost Component Air Road managed by ADIF

Accidents 13.31 9.21 10,098.66 Noise 101.69 61.67 4,015.47 Air Pollution 210.27 90.71 19,163.30 Climate Change 139.95 1,599.38 10,508.68 Nature and Natural Landscape 13.43 27.06 1,775.17 Upstream/Downstream Processes 84.17 39.84 4,545.25 Additional Costs in Urban Areas 27.38 0.00 941.57

Total not including congestion 590.20 1,827.87 51,048.10

Source: Data compiled by ADIF, based on latest data published on individual transport modes, with costs projections made as needed for 2005.

Graph 35: External Costs of Rail Transport System in Infrastructures Managed by ADIF Total cost 2005: 590 million euros

Additional cost in Urban Zones (5%) Accidents (2%)

Upstream/Downstream Noise (17%) Processes (14%)

Nature & Lanscape (2%)

Climate Change (24%) Air Pollution (36%)

112 Graph 36: External Costs of Domestic Air Transport Total cost 2005: 1,823 million euros

Accidents (1%) Upstream/Downstream Processes (2%) Noise (3%) Nature & Lanscape (1%) Air Pollution (5%)

Climate Change (88%)

Graph 37: External Costs of Road Transport Total cost 2005: 51,048 million euros

Additional cost in Urban Zones (2%) Upstream/Downstream Processes (9%) Accidents (20%) Nature & Lanscape (3%)

Climate Change (21%) Noise (8%)

Air Pollution (37%)

113 SAVINGS ON EXTERNALITIES This ﬁ gure was reached by applying Transport on ADIF managed infrastructures, BY RAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEM the INFRAS 2004 method, and the e.g., rail, versus other transport modes, meant INFRASTRUCTURES MANAGED BY modal shift hypothesis explained external cost savings for society of 3,413 ADIF below. million euros in 2005.

Rail transport external costs per transport unit are lower than those of other modes of transport.

In 2005, the savings achieved on external costs due to rail transport on ADIF managed infrastructures was 3,413 million euros.

Table 51: Savings on Externalities Due to Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF 2005 Modal Shift Hypothesis (%) (1) Recorded Trafﬁ c Total Saving (M PKM or TKM) (2) AirCoach Car Truck (millions of euros)

Freight 11,071 100 1,579.83 Passengers: 1,833.23 Regional and commuter 11,162 20 80 1,049.45 Main Lines 6,321 10 15 75 574.58 High Speed 2,325 30 70 209.20

Total 3,413.07

(1) Based on market surveys (2) Source: RENFE

114 Graph 38: Freight Transport External Cost Savings 1,580 million euros in 2005

Accidents (5%)

Noise (3%)

Air Pollution (25%)

Climate Change (10%)

Nature & Landscape (2%)

Upstream/Downstream Processes (5%)

Additional Cost Urban Zones (1%)

Marginal Cost - Congestion (49%)

Graph 39: Regional and Commuter Transport External Cost Savings of 1,050 million euros in 2005

Accidents (16%)

Noise (1%)

Air Pollution (3%)

Climate Change (5%)

Nature & Landscape (1%)

Upstream/Downstream Processes (0%)

Additional Cost Urban Zones (0%)

Marginal Cost - Congestion (74%)

115 Graph 40: Main Lines External Cost Savings of 575 million euros in 2005

Accidents (16%) Noise (1%) Air Pollution (2%) Climate Change (9%)

, Nature & Landscape (1%) Upstream/Downstream Processes (0%) Additional Cost Urban Zones (0%) Marginal Cost - Congestion (71%)

Graph 41: High Speed External Cost Savings of 209 million euros in 2005

Accidents (15%)

Noise (0%)

Air Pollution (1%)

Climate Change (17%)

Nature & Landscape (1%)

Upstream/Downstream Processes (0%)

Additional Cost Urban Zones (0%)

Marginal Cost - Congestion (66%)

116 The main advantages of the rail Graph 42: Distribution of Savings on External Cost in Rail Transport System Infrastructures transport system infrastructures Managed by ADIF managed by ADIF over other transport External Cost Savings of 3,413 million euros 2005 modes are due to lower impacts involving:

• Urban and interurban congestion, Accidents (11.2%) which makes a 62% contribution to Noise (1.1%)

total external cost savings. Air Pollution (12.8%)

Climate Change (8.7%) • Air pollution, which makes a 13% contribution to total external cost Climate Change (1.5%) savings. Upstream/Downstream Processes (2.2%)

Additional Cost Urban Zones (0.2%) • Accidents, accounting for an 11% Marginal Cost - Congestion (62.4%) contribution to total external cost savings.

• Climate change, a 9% contribution to total external cost savings.

External cost savings will rise markedly when the new high speed lines become operational.

117 118 Impact of the New Madrid-Barcelona High Distribution of savings on external costs by cost component, not including trafﬁ c congestion Speed Train Line (millions of euros/yr)

This new High Speed Line, projected to enter Accidents operation in 2007, will have a substantial 60 impact on modal trafﬁ c distribution between 50 Madrid and Barcelona. Additional Costs 40 Noise Urban Zones Studies indicate1 that the overall modal shift 30 to rail from other transport will amount to 2.5 billion passengers-kilometer per year. 20

10 The estimated sources1 and percentages of the modal shift by passenger-kilometer are: 49.7% 0 automobile, 15.8% coach and 34.5% plane. Upstream/Downstream Air Pollution These shifts from other modes of transport to Processes the New High Speed represent external cost savings valued2 at 173 million euros per year.

Nature & Landscape Climate Change

New Mad-Bar Line Source of Modal Traffic Shifted

1Source: Global Balance of Rail Activity in Spain 1991-2007. Effects of Demand Expected in Spain’s New Railway Scenario. 2Source: Own data compiled using INFRAS 2004, and expected modal shifts.

119 120 9. Annexes

Report Proﬁ le and Scope

ADIF´s 2005 Environmental Report principle of materiality: The following topics were deemed was drafted in accordance with the of material relevance and so, apt for GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE • Environmental concerns raised and inclusion in this report. (GRI) recommended guidelines for the interests expressed by stakeholders. preparation of Sustainability Reports, • Environmental aspects involved in (version 3.0), issued in October • Signifi cant environmental aspects of the construction of High Speed Rail 2006, applicable to environmental the transport sector, based on sector Lines. performance; as well as following reports and indicators used by the the recommendations contained following national and international • Environmental aspects involved in the in technical protocols and in the bodies and organizations: management and maintenance of applicable sectorial supplement. The the infrastructures managed. text of the Report includes detailed - Ministry of the Environment information on the majority of - Ministry of Transport and • ADIF´s contribution to indicators and contents recommended Infrastructures environmentally sustainable in the Guidelines, which is also cited - European Environment Agency transport in three key areas: energy individually by indicator in the section - The European Commission consumption, greenhouse gas entitled GRI Index of Contents. - UIC emissions and external cost savings. - Other bodies and institutions • Safety and punctuality, due to SELECTION OF REPORT CONTENT • Annual reports of rail sector importance and impact on modal organizations. shift traffi c. The content of this report was selected by the drafting team, after analysis • Applicable international, European, • Conservation of biodiversity. of topic materiality. As applied to national, regional and local ADIF environmental performance, the legislation. • Noise linked to the infrastructures principle of materiality refers to the and installations managed. importance or relevance of the aspects • Strategic agreements entered with potential for direct and indirect voluntarily by ADIF. environmental impacts necessarily involved in fulfi llment of the company’s • Environmental risks and opportunities mission statement. identifi ed in studies and analyses done by the Ministry of Transport The following factors, among others, and Infrastructure, Ministry of were considered for application of the Environment and ADIF.

121 RIGOR APPLIED IN DISCLOSURE Generally applicable technical protocols were taken into account in The data disclosed in this Report was indicator calculation and presentation taken from ADIF´s internal information of resulting data. and communication systems, that include own and outside sources. Hypotheses, estimates, and calculation methods applied for each indicator are References are supplied for all data speciﬁ ed and explained. quoted from outside sources, to facilitate traceability and veriﬁ cation.

GRI Content Index

GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category 1. Strategy & Analysis 1.1. Statement from organization´s Letter from Chairman 9-11 most senior decision maker 1.2. Description of key impacts, risks and opportunities Letter from Chairman 9-11 ADIF´s Environmental Balance Sheet 23 Environmental Balance Sheet 57 ADIF´s contribution to environmental sustainability of transport. 101-119 2. Organizational Profi le 2.1 Name of Organization Profi le 13-19 2.2 Primary brands, products and/or services Profi le 13-19 2.3 Operational structure of organization Management Model 20-21 2.4 Location of organization´s headquarters Back Cover 2.5 Countries where the organization operates Profi le 13-19 2.6 Nature of ownership and legal form Profi le 13-19 2.7 Markets served Profi le 13-19 2.8 Scale of reporting organization Characteristic Magnitudes (1) 21 2.9 Signifi cant changes Introduction 7 Profi le 13-19 Management Model 20 2.10 Awards received Environmental Management Systems Certifi cation 39-42

122 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category 3. Report Scope Report Profi le 3.1 Reporting period Introduction 7 Letter from Chairman 9-11 3.2 Date of most recent previous report Not applicable (2) 3.3 Reporting cycle Introduction 7 3.4 Contact point Back Cover 139 Report Scope and Boundary 3.5 Process for defi ning report content Report profi le and Scope 121-122 3.6 Scope of the Report Report Profi le and Scope 121-122 3.7 Boundary of Report Report Profi le and Scope 121-122 3.8 Basis for reporting on joint ventures, subsidiaries.. Report Profi le and Scope 121-122 3.9 Data measurement techniques and Report Profi le and Scope 121-122 bases of calculations 3.10 Explanation of effect of re-statement Not applicable (2) of information provided in earlier reports 3.11 Signifi cant changes from previous reporting periods Not applicable (2) 3.12 Table identifying location of GRI Content Index 121 Standard Disclosures in Report Assurance

3.13 Policy and current practice with regard Introduction 7 to seeking external assurance for Report

4. Governance, Commitments and Stakeholder Engagement Governance

4.1 Governance Structure Management Model 20 4.2 Indicate whether Chair of highest governance Management Model 20 body is also an executive ofﬁ cer 4.3 Number of members of the highest governance body There are no independent directors, that are independent and/or non-executive members. since ADIF is not a publicly quoted company.

4.4 Mechanisms for shareholders and employees to Environmental Management 38 provide recommendations or direction to the highest governance body. 4.5 Linkage between compensation for members of the Not applicable (1) highest governance body, senior managers, and executives, and the organization´s performance

123 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category Gobierno 4.6 Processes in place for highest governance body Profi le 13 to ensure confl icts of interest are avoided 4.7 Process for determining the qualifi cations and expertise Profi le 13 of the members of the highest governance body 4.8 Internally developed statements of mission or values, Vision and strategy 31 codes of conduct, and principles relevant to economic, environmental, and social performance and the status of implementation 4.9 Procedures of the highest governance body for Management Model 20 overseeing the organization´s identifi cation, and management of economic, environmental, and social performance, including risks and opportunities 4.10 Processes for evaluating the highest governance Management Model 20 body’s own performance.

Commitments to External Initiatives 4.11 Explanation of how the organization adopted The precautionary principle is central to a precautionary approach or principle ADIF´s philosophy as a public institution

4.12 Externally developed economic, environmental and Voluntary Initiatives(3) 45-48 social charters, principles, or other initiatives subscribed or endorsed by the organization 4.13 Memberships in associations Voluntary Initiatives 45-48 Maintain Open Dialogue with Stakeholders 4.14 List of stakeholder groups engaged Relationship with stakeholders (3) 49-53 by the organization 4.15 Basis and selection of stakeholders Relationship with stakeholders (3) 121-122 with whom to engage Report Profi le and Scope (3) 4.16 Approaches to stakeholder engagement, including Relationship with stakeholders (4) 49-53 frequency of engagement by type and stakeholder group Report Profi le and Scope (3) 121-122 4.17 Key topics and concerns that have been raised Relationship with stakeholders (3) 49-53 through stakeholder engagement, and how the Report Profi le and Scope (3) 121-122 organization has responded to these, including through its reporting

124 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category Environmental Dimension Disclosure on Management Approach Goals and Performance Vision and Strategy 31 Policy ADIF´s Environmental Commitment 37 Organizational Responsibility Environmental Management 38-39 Training and Awareness Environmental Management 38-39 Monitoring and Follow-up Environmental Management 38-39 Environmental Management 41 Systems Certiﬁ cation Additional contextual information Environmental Process Management 41 ADIF´s Environmental Balance Sheet 23-24

Env Environmental Performance Indicators ASPECT: MATERIALS EN1 Materials used by weight or volume CORE Materials Consumption 60-61 EN2 Percentage of materials used that are CORE Data not available (4) recycled input materials ASPECT: ENERGY EN3 Direct energy consumption by primary CORE Energy Consumption 57-59 energy source EN4 Indirect energy consumption by primary CORE Indirect consumption of primary energy 59 energy source EN5 Energy saved due to conservation and ADD Data not available (6) effi ciency improvements EN6 Initiatives to provide energy-effi cient or renewable ADD Master Plan for UOT Emissions Reduction 35 energy based products and services, and reductions Natural Resources 45 in energy requirements as a result of these initiatives EN7 Initiatives to reduce indirect energy consumption ADD Master Plan for UOT Emissions Reduction 35 and reductions achieved Natural Resources 45 ASPECT: WATER EN8 Total water withdrawal by source CORE Water Consumption 65 EN9 Water sources signifi cantly affected by ADD Water Consumption 65 withdrawal of water EN10 Percentage and total volume of water ADD Water Consumption 65 recycled and reused

125 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category Env Environmental Performance Indicators ASPECT: BIODIVERSITY EN11 Description of land adjacent to or located in CORE Natural Spaces 66-67 protected areas and also non-protected areas of high biodiversity value EN12 Description of signiﬁ cant impacts of activities, CORE Environmental monitoring of High 69-78 products, and services on biodiversity in protected Degree of compliance with established areas and areas of high biodiversity value environmental objectives outside protected areas EN13 Habitats protected or restored ADD Actions cited; taken during construction 77 of High Speed Lines EN14 Strategies, current actions, and future plans for ADD Project Adjustment to EIS Content 42 managing impacts on biodiversity. Environmental Monitoring of Works 43-44 Voluntary environmental initiatives 45 EN15 Number of IUCN Red List species and national ADD Data not available (5) conservation list species with habitats in areas affected by operations, by level of extinction risk

ASPECT: EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE EN16 Total direct and indirect greenhouse gas CORE Emissions 79-81 emissions by weight Traction related air emissions of the 107 rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF. EN17 Other relevant indirect greenhouse gas emissions CORE Emissions 79-81 by weight Traction related air emissions of the 107 rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF. EN18 Initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ADD Master Plan for UOT Emissions Reduction (5) 35 and reductions achieved EN19 Emissions of CORE Ozone depleting substances 63 ozone depleting substances, by weight EN20 NO, SO, and other signifi cant air emissions by CORE Emissions 79-81 type and weight Traction related air emissions of the 107 rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF. EN21 Total water discharge by quality and destination CORE Effl uents 81-83 EN22 Total weight by waste type and disposal method CORE Waste 83-84 EN23 Total number and volume of signifi cant spills CORE Accidents recorded 87-91

126 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category Env Environmental Performance Indicators ASPECT: EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE EN24 Weight of transported, imported, exported, ADD Waste 83-84 or treated waste deemed hazardous under the terms of the Basel Convention Annex I, II, III, and VIII and percentage of transported waste shipped internationally EN25 Identity, size, protected status, and biodiversity ADD Data not available (6) value of water bodies and related habitats signiﬁ cantly affected by the reporting organization´s discharges of water and runoff ASPECT: PRODUCTS AND SERVICES EN26 Initiatives to mitigate environmental impacts of CORE Noise linked to infrastructures 85-86 products and services, and extent of impact mitigation and installations managed Rail Safety Accident Risk 87-88 Hazardous freight trafﬁ c 89-91 EN27 Percentage of products sold and their packaging CORE Not applicable materials that are reclaimed by category

ASPECT: COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION EN28 Monetary value of signiﬁ cant ﬁ nes and total CORE Legal compliance 92 number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations

ASPECT: TRANSPORT EN29 Signifi cant environmental impacts of transporting ADD Energy Consumption 57 products and other goods and materials used for the Energy consumption by rail transport system 101 organization´s operations, and transporting members infrastructures managed by ADIF of the workforce ASPECT: OVERALL EN30 Total environmental protection expenditures ADD Environmental investment and spending 93-96 and investments by type CORE: Core Indicators ADD: Additional Indicators Notes (4) Not a signifi cant indicator, information will be included in future reports (1) Full economic information is not included, since it exceeds the scope of (5) Information not available in ADIF´s fi rst year of operations. Information this Report will be provided in future reports (2) This Report is submitted after ADIF´s fi rst year of operation (6) Information not available (3) Refers only to environmental performance

127 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category Env Environmental Performance Indicators ASPECT: FLEET COMPOSITION LT2 Breakdown of ﬂ eet composition according to Not applicable Annex 1 recommendations ASPECT: POLICY LT3 Description of policies and programs on the Vision and Strategy 31 management of environmental impacts, including: 1. Initiatives on sustainable transport (e.g., hybrid vehicles); 2. Modal shift; and 3. Route planning ASPECT: ENERGY EFFICIENCY LT4 Description of initiatives to use renewable energy Not applicable sources and to increase energy efﬁ ciency of transport

ASPECT: URBAN AIR POLLUTION LT5 Description of initiatives to control urban air emissions Strategic Plan 2006-2010 19 in relation to road transport (e.g., use of alternative fuels, frequency of vehicle maintenance, driving styles, etc.)

ASPECT: CONGESTION LT6 Description of policies and programs implemented Strategic Plan 2006-2010 19 to manage the impacts of trafﬁ c congestion (e.g., Promoting off-peak distribution, % of delivery by modes of alternative transportation,…)

ASPECT: NOISE & VIBRATION LT7 Description of policies and programs for noise Environmental Objectives 33-36 management/abatement. Noise linked to infrastructures and 85-86 installations managed

128 GRI Content Index GRI G3 (2006) Indicators Applied GRI ADIF´s Environmental Report Page Nº Description Category Env Environmental Performance Indicators ASPECT: TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT LT8 Description of environmental impacts of the Environmental monitoring of High Speed 69-77 transport infrastructures that the reporting organization Line construction works Degree of compliance is responsible for deﬁ ning and ﬁ nancing. with established environmental objectives

(*) Speciﬁ ed in: Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), (2006). GRI Logistics and Transportation Sector Supplement. Pilot Version 1.0 May 2006.

129 130 Index of Tables Table 1. Network Managed by ADIF and Equipment Table 2. Network Managed by ADIF Maximum speeds (Track stretch length - km) Table 3. Principal Magnitudes (2005) Table 4. Punctuality (% of on-time arrival/departure) Table 5. ISO 14001 Certifi cation. Certifi cations Obtained Table 6. Environmental Objectives and Integration Indicators. Environmental Protocols for Works Table 7. Green Ways in operation, under execution or in the planning stages as of December 2005 Table 8. km of Green Ways in operation, under execution or in the planning stages as of December 2005 Table 9. Investment in Green Ways 2004-2005 Table 10. Green Stations and Related Natural Spaces Table 11. Framework of ADIF/Stakeholder Relations - Environmental Performance Table 12. Energy and Fuel Consumption Recorded for Company Activities Table 13. Energy Consumption Recorded for Company Activities (TJ) Table 14. Indirect Primary Energy Consumption Attributable to Electrical Energy Consumption Recorded for ADIF Activities (TJ/yr) Table 15. Railway Materials Used in Infrastructures Maintenance Operations 2005 Table 16. Railway Materials Use Recorded in Construction of New High Speed Lines Table 17. PCB Distribution as of January 2005 Table 18. Inventory of Equipment with CFCs and HFCs. 2004 Table 19. Herbicide Treatment Areas by Type Table 20. Products used in Herbicide Treatment Table 21. Evolution Water Consumption from Public Supply Table 22. Average Occupation and Infl uence of Rail Network Table 23. ADIF Lines and Natural Spaces 2005. % of network affecting any natural protected space Table 24. ADIF Lines and Natural Spaces, 2005 Table 25. Reports on EIS Review, Adjustment and Certifi cation June 2005 – January 2006. Construction Stage Table 26. EIS Required Reports on Environmental Monitoring of Works Table 27. Reports on EIS Review, Adjustment and Certifi cation June 2005 – January 2006. Project Stage Table 28. Monthly Reports on Environmental Supervision of Works (voluntary) Table 29. Air Emissions from ADIF´s Activities Table 30. Investments by Executive Traffi c Directorate in WWT, Septic Tanks and/or Connections to Public Water Treatment Systems (€/yr) Table 31. Stations Managed by ADIF Table 32. Effl uents Treatment in Stations Assigned to Executive Traffi c Directorate Table 33. Hazardous Waste Generated during Infrastructure Maintenance and Operations (t/yr) Table 34. Waste Collection Fees Paid (€/yr) Table 35. Complaints due to noise or vibrations (No.) Table 36. Obligations Delegated to ADIF by Min. of Transport & Infrastructures, on Compliance with Noise Act 37/2003 Table 37. No. of fatal accidents in 2000 by mode of transport (No. of fatalities per billion passenger-km) Table 38. Accident rate on rail transport system infrastructures managed by ADIF (No. of accidents / million train kilometers) Table 39. Index of accidents recorded in 2005. Comparison of Spanish highways and ADIF managed rail network Table 40. Hazardous Freight Transport on ADIF Managed Infrastructures (tons/yr) Table 41. Accidents Recorded during Transport of Hazardous Rail Freight on Infrastructures Managed by ADIF

131 Index of Tables Table 42. Disciplinary Filings and Sanctions Table 43. Environmental Protection Expenditure (€) Table 44. 2005 Environmental Investments in Construction of New Railway Accesses (€/yr) Table 45. Energy and Fuel Use for Traction, by Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF Table 46. Energy Use for Rail Transport Traction, by System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF (in TJ) Table 47. Total Energy Use by Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF (in TJ) Table 48. Traction Related Air Emissions of the Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF Table 49. External per Unit Costs by Mode of Transport 2000 Data for Spain Table 50. External Costs Associated with Different Modes of Transport 2005, not counting the cost of trafﬁ c congestion (millions of euros) Table 51. Savings on Externalities Due to Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF 2005

Index of Graphs Graph 1. Eco-effi ciency Ratio of Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF, vs. modal substitution hypothesis Graph 2. Distribution of Electricity Consumption in 2005 (% of total consumption) Graph 3. Scheme of Electrical Energy Generation System - Spanish Mainland (%) Graph 4. Distribution of Materials Used in Infrastructure Maintenance 2005 (%) Graph 5. Index of Herbicide Application (unit of application/m2) Graph 6. Environmental Objective 1 - Keep territorial impact to required minimum Graph 7. Environmental Objective 2 - Preserve areas of natural interest Graph 8. Environmental Objective 3 - Soil Conservation Graph 9. Environmental Objective 4 - Preserve fresh water systems and dependent vegetation Graph 10. Environmental Objective 5 – Do not pollute - Waste effl uents, dumping Graph 11. Environmental Objective 5 – Do not pollute - Waste Graph 12. Environmental Objective 6 - Fauna preservation (a) Graph 13. Environmental Objective 6 - Fauna preservation (b) Graph 14. Environmental Objective 7 - Ecological and Landscape restoration of affected environments (a) Graph 15. Environmental Objective 7 - Ecological and Landscape restoration of affected environments (b) Graph 16. Trackside Fires Data consolidated monthly (No.) Graph 17. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source, 2005 Graph 18. Index of accidents recorded on Spanish highway network and ADIF managed rail network 2005 Graph 19. Environmental Protection Expenditure - 2005 Graph 20. Environmental Protection Investments - 2005 Graph 21. Construction of New Rail Accesses 2005 Environmental investments in relation to total investment (%) Graph 22. Construction of New Rail Accesses 2005 Breakdown of Environmental Investments (%) Graph 23. Energy Consumption for Tractive Uses Graph 24. Total Energy Consumption of Rail Transport System Managed by ADIF Graph 25. Final Energy Use of Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF compared to Spain (%) Graph 26. Electrical Energy Use of Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF compared to Spain (%) Graph 27. Freight Traffi c Distribution 2005 (%)

132 Index of Graphs Graph 28. Energy Consumption for Traction in Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF vs. Spanish Transport Sector (%) Graph 29. Passenger Trafﬁ c Distribution 2005 (%) Graph 30. Energy Consumption per TU (kJ/Transport Unit) Graph 31. Greenhouse Gas Emissions due to Traction Rail Transport System Infrastructures managed by ADIF (equiv tons CO2/yr) Graph 32. GHG(*) Emission per TU. Rail Transport System Infrastructures managed by ADIF (equiv g CO2/TU) Graph 33. GHG Emissions per TU in Different Transport Modes 2004 2004 (g equiv CO2/TU) Graph 34. Emissions from Freight and Passenger Transport in Spain 2004 (% equiv. CO2) Graph 35. External Costs of Rail Transport System in Infrastructures Managed by ADIF Graph 36. External Costs of Domestic Air Transport Graph 37. External Costs of Road Transport Graph 38. Freight Transport. External Cost Savings Graph 39. Regional and Commuter Transport. External Cost Savings Graph 40. Main Lines. External Cost Savings Graph 41. High Speed. External Cost Savings Graph 42. Distribution of Savings on External Cost in Rail Transport System Infrastructures Managed by ADIF

List of Sources Used ADIF Data ADIF By-laws Network Status Statement 2005 & 2006 ADIF Strategic Plan (2006-2010) ADIF´s Environmental Commitment PCB Statement Civil Defense and Safety Directorate Flows of Hazardous Freight Transported by Rail – 2004 & 2005 www.infraestructuras-ferroviarias.com Executive Directorate Telecommunications & Energy Directorate for the Environment

In-house data Renfe Annual Report 2004 Renfe Environmental Report 2003

Green Ways Spanish Railway Foundation (Fundación de Ferrocarriles de España)

Transport Ministry of Transport and Infrastructures Annual Statistics 2004 & 2005 SectorData Ministry of Interior. General Directorate Civil Defense Report on emergencies occurring during the rail and road transport of hazardous freight 2003-2004 & 2005 Rail Sector Act 39/2003 Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan (PEIT) 2005-2020 INFRAS 2004 Global Balance of Rail Activity in Spain 1991-2007. Effects of Demand Expected in Spain’s New Railway Scenario.

133 List of Sources Used Energy Data Red Eléctrica Española (National Grid Operator). Reports on Spanish Electrical Power Generation System 2004 & 2005 Ministry of Industry, Tourism & Commerce General Energy Secretariat Energy in Spain 2004 & 2005

Emissions Data CORINAIR. Emission Inventory Ministry of Environment (2006). Inventory of GHG Emissions in Spain 1990-2004 Ministry of Environment

Unit Conversions International Energy Agency / Gas Natural

Other Sources AENOR:

Glossary of Terms Additional Additional Indicators are those Indicators identiﬁ ed in GRI Guidelines that represent emerging practice or address topics that may indicators: be material to some organizations but not generally for a majority. AENOR: Spanish Standards Association BU: Business Unit CFCs: Chloroﬂ uorocarbons Ozone depleting compounds

CH4: Methane

CO2: Carbon dioxide Core Indicators Core Indicators are those indicators identifi ed in the GRI Guidelines to be of interest to most stakeholders and assumed to be material unless deemed otherwise on the basis of the GRI Reporting Principles. CTC: Centralized Traffi c Control EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMS: Environmental Management System GJ: Gigajoule (109 joules) Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): International agreement to design and establish a global framework for reporting on sustainability Greenhouse Gas Gases that contribute to global warming, and therefore to climate change Emissions (GHGE): GWh: Gigawatt Hour (106 kWh) Ha: Hectare (10,000 m2) HCFCs: Hydrochlorofl uorocarbons Ozone depleting compound, less damaging than CFCs. HFCs: Hydrofl uorocarbons. Compounds that do not deplete the ozone IDAE: Institute for Energy Diversifi cation and Saving ISO 14001: International Standard for Environmental Management Systems ITU: Intermodal Transport Unit. Equivalent of one standard, 21 foot container Joule (J): Unit of energy, work, measure of heat kJ: Kilojoule (103 joules)

134 Glossary of Terms kW: Kilowatt Unit of power (103 watts) ME: Ministry of the Environment N2O: Nitrous oxide NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds NOx: General symbol for different types of nitrogen oxide NPS: Natural Protected Space NS: Natural Space PCBs: Polychlorobiphenyls PKM: Passengers - Kilometer SCI: Site of Community Importance, under Habitat Directive 92/43/EC

SO2: Sulphur dioxide Spanish Emissions Inventory Corine-Air: Data base that includes information on different air polluting emissions TJ: Terajoule (1012 joules) TKM: Tons - Kilometer TU: Transport Unit Operating Unit used as relative value to express quantitative data. A TU is the sum of TKMs and PKMs UITP: Union Internationale des Transports Publics UOT: Uses other than traction uPNS: Unprotected Natural Spaces VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds

135 136 Questionnaire – Suggestions for Improvement

One of ADIF´s goals is to improve its After ﬁ lling out the attached For your convenience, the Environmental Report and make it as questionnaire, please send it by questionnaire is also posted on our useful as possible to all stakeholders. regular mail, fax or e-mail to one of the website: http//www.adif.es We are very interested in your opinion following addresses: of the report’s usefulness, the value of the information contained, and in any ADIF suggestions or comments you might like Dirección de Calidad y Medio to share. Your opinions will be of great Ambiente help in the drafting of future Reports. Avda. Pío XII, 110 Thank-you for your cooperation. 28036 Madrid (Spain) Tel: 34 913 006 762 email: [email protected]

137 Opinion Questionnaire on ADIF Environmental Report 1. Relationship with ADIF Customer Public Administration Supplier Other [please specify] Employee ......

2. General impressions of 2005 Environmental Report Of no interest Interesting Of some interest Very Interesting

3. How helpful was it for improving your understanding ADIF´s activities regarding environmental protection? Not very Considerably Slightly Very

4. In your opinion, the information disclosed in the following sections was Insuffi cient Suffi cient Excellent Profi le ADIF´s Environmental Balance Sheet Vision and Strategy Governance Structure and Management Systems Environmental Performance ADIF´s Contribution to Environmental Sustainability of Transport.

5. Comments & Suggestions

If you would like to include your personal data, please ﬁ ll in the following: Name:

Company/Organization you represent:

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138 CONTACTOS CONTACT US

Su opinión es muy importante para nosotros. We value your opinion

Para cualquier comentario, aclaración o sugerencia, le Please, forward any comments corrections for suggestions to: rogamos se dirija a:

Dirección de Calidad y Medio Ambiente Avda. Pío XII, 110 28036 Madrid (España) Teléfono: 34 913 006 762 e-mail: [email protected]

139 www.adif.es www.adif.es