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First Record of Temnopleurus Toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai (Echinodermata; Echinoidea)

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First Record of Temnopleurus Toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 44(10), October 2015, pp. 1637-1639 First record of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) Sagar Gavas*& Bhupendra Shirke D.G.Ruparel College, Senapati Bapat Marg, Mahim, Mumbai- 400 016, India [Email ID: [email protected]] Received 21 April 2014; revised 14 October 2014 Sea urchins are marine spiny animal belonging to phylum Echinodermata. Till date there is no report on occurrence of sea urchins from Mumbai coast. This paper reports the first record of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai coast. The specimen was collected from Mumbai beach and identified using standard available literature. This study is a preliminary data for further investigations, monitoring and conservation. [Key words: Sea urchin, first record, Temnopleurus, Mumbai] Introduction record their native colouration and pattern. Live About 6000 living species of echinoderms have specimens were brought to the laboratory and been described in the world, of which more than were subjected to detailed observations to reveal 1000 have been listed for the Indo-West their morphological, anatomical and biometric Pacific1. Sea urchin is one of the most common characteristics. The specimen were preserved, components of near shore marine ecosystem, labeled and deposited in the museum. often playing an important ecological role in Identification was carried out based on the shallow subtidal environments2. Sea urchin morphological characteristics and available inhabits sea grass beds, coral reef3, intertidal standard literatures8-10. region4, and feed on benthic invertebrates and Results and Discussions algae5. Among the various families of echinoids Sea Urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus is that inhabit Indo-West Pacific, the family classified under the class Echinoidea as follows Temnopleuridae (Agassiz, 1872) comprises 14 9: genera and 25 species 6, 7. Earlier work in the Subclass: Regularia west coast on Temnopleurus sp.has been done Key to the Sub-class of class: Test by Hegde et al 8. The intertidal region of globular, or spherical; anus inside the Mumbai is least studied. There are no official apical system of plates. records of echinoderms in recent years. The Order: Camarodonta rocky shore of Mumbai has good diversity of Key to the orders of the sub-class: algae and other invertebrates which serve as Epiphyses of the Aristotle's lantern good feeding grounds for Sea urchin. The fused across the top of each pyramid present paper describes a new record of teeth keeled. Temnopleurus toreumaticus from Mumbai. Family: Temnopleuridae Key to the family of the order: Test Materials and Methods sculptured by pits and depressions. For the current study, intertidal areas of rocky Genus : Temnopleurus (L. Agassiz, shore along Mumbai coast were selected. 1841) Mumbai is located on the west cost of India Key to the genus of the family: Test 0 0 (between Lat. 18 54’ to 19 09’ N and Long. profile hemispherical to subconical, 0 0 72 47’ to 72 56’ E). Sampling was carried out rather thick shelled with conspicuous on rocky patches of Mumbai. Survey was crenulations carried out during low tide on rocky shores of Species : toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Mumbai from January to March 2014. Digital Key to species of the genus: Primary images were taken on site during survey to spines long, equal to half of horizontal test 1638 INDIAN J MAR SCI VOL 44, NO.10 OCTOBER 2015 diameter, banded with reddish or brown colour bands, pore-pairs arranged in arcs8. Habitat and Distribution Temnopleurus toreumaticus is a fairly wide spread species occupying rocky and sandy Madreporite beaches. It is known to occur in East Africa, Genital Madagscar, the Persian Gulf, Red sea and on the Periproct Plate east coast of Australia 10. In Japan, this species is found from northern Honshu to southern Kyushu11, 12 and Shirikiwa Bay 13 Morphological Characters Test: Dome-shaped, rigid, well Fig 2- Aboral surface of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) sculptured with a convex aboral surface. Test comprises of five pairs of Periproct: Roughly circular8 (Fig 2) alternately placed ambulacral and interambulacral plates placed at about the level of the ambulacral plates. Sutural Ambulacral plates compound Pit trigeminate, their pore-pairs bearing numerous tube feet (in living specimens) (Fig. 1 and 3)8 Test Colour: Olive green to dark grey colour (Fig. 1) Green and grey Tube feet band spines Fig3- Fig 3- Banding pattern on spine, sutural pit and tube feet Of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Spines: Spines are thick, their surface covered with line longitudinal ridges. Spine colouration grey with alternating greenish or brownish bands8 (Fig.3) Fig 1- Live specimen of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Peristome: The peristome is large roughly circular in outline with very feeble buccal notches. It is covered with soft skin and comprises of five pairs of buccal plates8.(Fig 4) Apical system: It is dicyclic and smaller than the peristome, with four equal- sized genital plates and one larger 8 genital plate with madreporite .(Fig 2) Fig 4- Oral view of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) GAVAS et al. FIRST RECORD OF TEMNOPLEURUS TOREUMATICUS (LESKE, 1778) FROM MUMBAI 1639 (ECHINODERMATA; ECHINOIDEA) : Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, Conclusion (1943) pp553 12. Schultz H.Sea Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Echinodermata is one of the best characterized 14 shallow Water species. (Heinke & Peter Schultz and most distinct phyla of animal kingdom . Partner Scientiic Publications, Hemdingen) 2006, Present study reports the first record of Sea pp495 urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus 13. Kitazawa C., Kawasaki S., Nishimura H., (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai. The concern is Nakano M., Yamaguchi T. & Yamanaka A. Distribution and habitat preferences of sea urchin that we may lose many species without being in Shirikawa Bay, Yamaguchi, during the period aware of their existence in Mumbai beaches. from 2005 to 2007. Biological Bulletin(2007) Further study on echinoderms of shallow water 217: 215-221. are necessary should be done in terms of 14. Bather, F.A. Part III The Echinoderma. In: Lankester, E.R. (Ed.) A Treatise on Zoology. monographic works and marine scientists should (Adam & Charles Black, London) 1900 pp 1- be encouraged to study the other aspects on this 344. animal. It is important to have conservation based systematic and comprehensive studies on these animals so that base line information may be generated on these animals and their habitat. References: 1. Guille A, Laboute P, Menou JL. Guide des étoiles de mer, oursins et autres échinoderms du lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie. (Paris: Edition de l’ORSTOM) 1986 2. Harrold, C. and J.S. Pearse. The ecological role of echinoderms in kelp forests. Echinoderm Studies 1987, pp137-233. 3. Nybakken J. W. & Bertness M. D.Marine Biology: an Ecological Approach. (Pearson Benjamin- Cummings, San Francisco) 2005, pp 579 4. Lawrence J. M.Edible sea Urchins – Biology and Ecology. (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam) 2006, pp 380 5. Norderhaug K. M. & Christie H. C.Sea urchin grazing and kelp re-vegetation in the NE Atlantic. Marine Biology research 5 (2009): 515- 528 6. Kroh A. & Mooi R.World Echinoid Database (2011) http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea (accessed on 15 April, 2014) 7. Kroh A.Temnopleurus L. Agassiz, 1841, in KROH A. & MOOI R. (eds), World Echinoidea Database. (2012) http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea/aphia.p hp?p=taxdetails&id=179691 (accessed on 15 April, 2014) 8. Hegde M.R., Rivonker C U. A new record of Temnopleurus decipiens (de Meijere, 1904) (Echinoidea, Temnopleuroida, Temnopleuridae) from Indian waters Zoosystema (2013) 35 (1) 9. James P. S. B. R., Suseelan C. Marine living resources of the union territory of Lakshadweepan indicative survey with suggestions for development CMFRI publication pp (1989) 113-117 10. Clark A. M. & Rowe F. E. W.Monograph of shallow-Water Indo-West paciic Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum of Natural History, London, (1971) pp 238 11. Mortensen T.A Monograph of the Echinoidea part III, no. 2 Camarodonta 1. orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and .
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