Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
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Grazing by the Sea Urchins Arbacia Lixula L. and Paracentrotus Lividus Lam. in the Northwest Mediterranean
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, L 241 (1999) 81±95 Grazing by the sea urchins Arbacia lixula L. and Paracentrotus lividus Lam. in the Northwest Mediterranean Fabio Bulleri, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi* , Francesco Cinelli Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente via A. Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy Received 2 October 1998; received in revised form 12 April 1999; accepted 5 May 1999 Abstract The sea urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus are common on shallow subtidal reefs in the Mediterranean. Previous studies on the ecology of these species reported that P. lividus is generally more abundant on horizontal or gently sloping substrata, where it forages mainly on erect algae. In contrast, A. lixula is more common on vertical substrata and it is considered a main grazer of encrusting coralline algae. Observations on some rocky shores in the Ligurian sea indicated that P. lividus occurs mainly in crevices at the bottom of the vertical walls, and that neither species is present on horizontal or sub-horizontal substrata. In this study we investigated the distribution and abundance of the two species of sea urchins on vertical substrata at different spatial scales and through time. A ®eld experiment was used to test whether A. lixula constrained the distribution of P. lividus on vertical substrata, and to test for the predicted differences in the effects of the 2 species on assemblages of algae and invertebrates. Four treatments were used: (1) control (sea urchins left untouched); (2) A. lixula removed, P. lividus present; (3) A. lixula present, P. lividus removed, and (4) both species removed. -
Marine Animal Behaviour in a High CO2 Ocean
Vol. 536: 259–279, 2015 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published September 29 doi: 10.3354/meps11426 Mar Ecol Prog Ser REVIEW Marine animal behaviour in a high CO2 ocean Jeff C. Clements*, Heather L. Hunt Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick Saint John Campus, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L 4L5, NB, Canada ABSTRACT: Recently, the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animal behaviour have garnered considerable attention, as they can impact biological interactions and, in turn, ecosystem structure and functioning. We reviewed current published literature on OA and marine behaviour and synthesize current understanding of how a high CO2 ocean may impact animal behaviour, elucidate critical unknowns, and provide suggestions for future research. Although studies have focused equally on vertebrates and invertebrates, vertebrate studies have primarily focused on coral reef fishes, in contrast to the broader diversity of invertebrate taxa studied. A quantitative synthesis of the direction and magnitude of change in behaviours from current conditions under OA scenarios suggests primarily negative impacts that vary depending on species, ecosystem, and behaviour. The interactive effects of co-occurring environmental parameters with increasing CO2 elicit effects different from those observed under elevated CO2 alone. Although 12% of studies have incorporated multiple factors, only one study has examined the effects of carbonate system variability on the behaviour of a marine animal. Altered GABAA receptor functioning under elevated CO2 appears responsible for many behavioural responses; however, this mechanism is unlikely to be universal. We recommend a new focus on determining the effects of elevated CO2 on marine animal behaviour in the context of multiple environmental drivers and future carbonate system variability, and the mechanisms governing the association between acid-base regulation and GABAA receptor functioning. -
Growth, Regeneration, and Damage Repair of Spines of the Slate-Pencil Sea Urchin Heterocentrotus Mammillatus (L.) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)!
Pacific Science (1988), vol. 42, nos. 3-4 © 1988 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Growth, Regeneration, and Damage Repair of Spines of the Slate-Pencil Sea Urchin Heterocentrotus mammillatus (L.) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)! THOMAS A. EBERT2 ABSTRACT: Spines of sea urchins are appendages that are associated with defense, locomotion, and food gathering. Spines are repaired when damaged, and the dynamics of repair was studied in the slate-pencil sea urchin Hetero centrotus mammillatus to provide insights not only into the processes of healing . but also into the normal growth of spines and the formation of growth lines. Regeneration of spines on tubercles following complete removal of a spine was slow and depended upon the size of the original spine. The maximum amount of regeneration occurred on tubercles with spines of intermediate size (1.6 g), which, on average, developed regenerated spines weighing 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 g after 4, 8, and 12 months, respectively. Some large tubercles, which had original spines weighing over 3 g, failed to develop a new spine even after 8-12 months. Regeneration ofa new tip on a cut stump was more rapid than production of a new spine on a tubercle . Regeneration to original size was more rapid for small spines than for large spines, but large stumps produced more calcite per unit time. In 4 months, a small spine with a removed tip weighing 0.15 g regenerated a new tip weighing 0.09 g, or 63% of its original weight. In the same time, a large spine with 2.35 g of tip removed regenerated 0.40 g of new tip, or 17% of the original weight. -
Asociación a Sustratos De Los Erizos Regulares (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) En La Laguna Arrecifal De Isla Verde, Veracruz, México
Asociación a sustratos de los erizos regulares (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en la laguna arrecifal de Isla Verde, Veracruz, México E.V. Celaya-Hernández, F.A. Solís-Marín, A. Laguarda-Figueras., A. de la L. Durán-González & T. Ruiz Rodríguez Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Post. 70-305, México D.F. 04510, México; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recibido 15-VIII-2007. Corregido 06-V-2008. Aceptado 17-IX-2008. Abstract: Regular sea urchins substrate association (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on Isla Verde lagoon reef, Veracruz, Mexico. The diversity, abundance, distribution and substrate association of the regular sea urchins found at the South part of Isla Verde lagoon reef, Veracruz, Mexico is presented. Four field sampling trips where made between October, 2000 and October, 2002. One sampling quadrant (23 716 m2) the more representative, where selected in the southwest zone of the lagoon reef, but other sampling sites where choose in order to cover the south part of the reef lagoon. The species found were: Eucidaris tribuloides tribuloides, Diadema antillarum, Centrostephanus longispinus rubicingulus, Echinometra lucunter lucunter, Echinometra viridis, Lytechinus variegatus and Tripneustes ventricosus. The relation analysis between the density of the echi- noids species found in the study area and the type of substrate was made using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The substrates types considerate in the analysis where: coral-rocks, rocks, rocks-sand, and sand and Thalassia testudinum. -
(Echinoidea, Echinidae) (Belgium) by Joris Geys
Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol. 26(1) 3-10 1 fig., 1 tab., 1 pi. Leiden, maart 1989 On the presence of Gracilechinus (Echinoidea, Echinidae) in the Late Miocene of the Antwerp area (Belgium) by Joris Geys University of Antwerp (RUCA), Antwerp, Belgium and Robert Marquet Antwerp, Belgium. Geys, J., & R. Marquet. On the presence of Gracilechinus (Echinoidea, in the of — Echinidae) Late Miocene the Antwerp area (Belgium). Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol., 26(1): 00-00, 1 fig., 1 tab., 1 pi. Leiden, March 1989. Some well-preserved specimens of the regular echinoid Gracilechinus gracilis nysti (Cotteau, 1880) were collected in a temporary outcrop at Borgerhout-Antwerp, in sandstones reworked from the Deurne Sands (Late Miocene). The systematic status of this subspecies is discussed. The present state of knowledge of the Echinidae from the Neogene of the North Sea Basin is reviewed. Prof. Dr J. Geys, Dept. of Geology, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Dr R. Marquet, Constitutiestraat 50, B-2008 Antwerp, Belgium, Contents — 3 Introduction, p. 4 Systematic palaeontology, p. 6 Discussion, p. Echinidae in the Neogene of the North Sea Basin—some considerations on 8 systematics, p. 10. References, p. INTRODUCTION extensive excavations the of E17-E18 indicated E3 Because of along western verge motorway (also as ‘Kleine and Ring’) at Borgerhout-Antwerp (Belgium), a remarkable outcrop of Neogene Quaternary beds accessible from The was March to November 1987. outcrop was situated between this motorway and the and extended from the the both ‘Singel’-road, ‘Stenenbrug’ to ‘Zurenborgbrug’, on sides 4 of the exit. -
Males and Females Gonad Fatty Acids of the Sea Urchins and (Echinodermata) Inés Martínez-Pita, Francisco J
Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins and (Echinodermata) Inés Martínez-Pita, Francisco J. García, María-Luisa Pita To cite this version: Inés Martínez-Pita, Francisco J. García, María-Luisa Pita. Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins and (Echinodermata). Helgoland Marine Research, Springer Verlag, 2009, 64 (2), pp.135-142. 10.1007/s10152-009-0174-7. hal-00535207 HAL Id: hal-00535207 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535207 Submitted on 11 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Helgol Mar Res (2010) 64:135–142 DOI 10.1007/s10152-009-0174-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata) Inés Martínez-Pita · Francisco J. García · María-Luisa Pita Received: 25 May 2009 / Revised: 18 September 2009 / Accepted: 24 September 2009 / Published online: 15 October 2009 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2009 Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze male and 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 found in males and females of the female gonad fatty acids of two sea urchin species, Para- Mediterranean specimens compared to those of the Atlantic centrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, from the south coast coast. -
E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
!e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore. -
X-Ray Microct Study of Pyramids of the Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus
Journal of Structural Biology Journal of Structural Biology 141 (2003) 9–21 www.elsevier.com/locate/yjsbi X-ray microCT study of pyramids of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus S.R. Stock,a,* S. Nagaraja,b J. Barss,c T. Dahl,c and A. Veisc a Institute for Bioengineering and Nanoscience in Advanced Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-717, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA b School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA c Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Received 19 June 2002, and in revised form 23 September 2002 Abstract This paper reports results of a novel approach, X-ray microCT, for quantifying stereom structures applied to ossicles of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. MicroCT, a high resolution variant of medical CT (computed tomography), allows noninvasive mapping of microstructure in 3-D with spatial resolution approaching that of optical microscopy. An intact pyramid (two demi- pyramids, tooth epiphyses, and one tooth) was reconstructed with 17 lm isotropic voxels (volume elements); two individual demipyramids and a pair of epiphyses were studied with 9–13 lm isotropic voxels. The cross-sectional maps of a linear attenuation coefficient produced by the reconstruction algorithm showed that the structure of the ossicles was quite heterogeneous on the scale of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Variations in magnesium content and in minor elemental constitutents could not account for the observed heterogeneities. Spatial resolution was insufficient to resolve the individual elements of the stereom, but the observed values of the linear attenuation coefficient (for the 26 keV effective X-ray energy, a maximum of 7.4 cmÀ1 and a minimum of 2cmÀ1 away from obvious voids) could be interpreted in terms of fractions of voxels occupied by mineral (high magnesium calcite). -
Underwater High Frequency Noise Biological Responses in Sea Urchin Arbacia Lixula
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 242 (2020) 110650 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cbpa Underwater high frequency noise: Biological responses in sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) T ⁎ Mirella Vazzanaa, , Manuela Mauroa, Maria Ceraulob, Maria Dioguardia, Elena Papalec, Salvatore Mazzolab, Vincenzo Arizzaa, Francesco Beltramed, Luigi Ingugliaa, Giuseppa Buscainob a Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi,18– 90123 Palermo, Italy b BioacousticsLab, Institute for the Study of Anthropogenic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Unit of Capo Granitola, National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola (TP), Italy c Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy d Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Marine life is extremely sensitive to the effects of environmental noise due to its reliance on underwater sounds Echinoderms for basic life functions, such as searching for food and mating. However, the effects on invertebrate species are HSP70 not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical responses of Arbacia lixula Marine invertebrates exposed to high-frequency noise. Protein concentration, enzyme activity (esterase, phosphatase and peroxidase) Noise and cytotoxicity in coelomic fluid were compared in individuals exposed for three hours to consecutive linear Acoustic stimulus sweeps of 100 to 200 kHz lasting 1 s, and control specimens. Sound pressure levels ranged between 145 and Physiological stress 160 dB re 1μPa. -
Invertebrate Predators and Grazers
9 Invertebrate Predators and Grazers ROBERT C. CARPENTER Department of Biology California State University Northridge, California 91330 Coral reefs are among the most productive and diverse biological communities on earth. Some of the diversity of coral reefs is associated with the invertebrate organisms that are the primary builders of reefs, the scleractinian corals. While sessile invertebrates, such as stony corals, soft corals, gorgonians, anemones, and sponges, and algae are the dominant occupiers of primary space in coral reef communities, their relative abundances are often determined by the activities of mobile, invertebrate and vertebrate predators and grazers. Hixon (Chapter X) has reviewed the direct effects of fishes on coral reef community structure and function and Glynn (1990) has provided an excellent review of the feeding ecology of many coral reef consumers. My intent here is to review the different types of mobile invertebrate predators and grazers on coral reefs, concentrating on those that have disproportionate effects on coral reef communities and are intimately involved with the life and death of coral reefs. The sheer number and diversity of mobile invertebrates associated with coral reefs is daunting with species from several major phyla including the Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Echinodermata. Numerous species of minor phyla are also represented in reef communities, but their abundance and importance have not been well-studied. As a result, our understanding of the effects of predation and grazing by invertebrates in coral reef environments is based on studies of a few representatives from the major groups of mobile invertebrates. Predators may be generalists or specialists in choosing their prey and this may determine the effects of their feeding on community-level patterns of prey abundance (Paine, 1966). -
SNH Commissioned Report
Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 574 Biological analyses of underwater video from research cruises in Lochs Kishorn and Sunart, off the Mull of Kintyre and islands of Rum, Tiree and Islay, and in the Firth of Lorn and Sound of Mull approaches COMMISSIONED REPORT Commissioned Report No. 574 Biological analyses of underwater video from research cruises in Lochs Kishorn and Sunart, off the Mull of Kintyre and islands of Rum, Tiree and Islay, and in the Firth of Lorn and Sound of Mull approaches For further information on this report please contact: Laura Steel Scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House INVERNESS IV3 8NW Telephone: 01463 725236 E-mail: [email protected] This report should be quoted as: Moore, C. G. 2013. Biological analyses of underwater video from research cruises in Lochs Kishorn and Sunart, off the Mull of Kintyre and islands of Rum, Tiree and Islay, and in the Firth of Lorn and Sound of Mull approaches. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 574. This report, or any part of it, should not be reproduced without the permission of Scottish Natural Heritage. This permission will not be withheld unreasonably. The views expressed by the author(s) of this report should not be taken as the views and policies of Scottish Natural Heritage. © Scottish Natural Heritage 2013. COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary Biological analyses of underwater video from research cruises in Lochs Kishorn and Sunart, off the Mull of Kintyre and islands of Rum, Tiree and Islay, and in the Firth of Lorn and Sound of Mull approaches Commissioned Report No.: 574 Project no: 13879 Contractor: Dr Colin Moore Year of publication: 2013 Background To help target marine nature conservation in Scotland, SNH and JNCC have generated a focused list of habitats and species of importance in Scottish waters - the Priority Marine Features (PMFs). -
Benthic Data Sheet
DEMERSAL OTTER/BEAM TRAWL DATA SHEET RESEARCH VESSEL_____________________(1/20/13 Version*) CLASS__________________;DATE_____________;NAME:___________________________; DEVICE DETAILS_________ LOCATION (OVERBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (AT DEPTH): LAT_______________________; LONG_____________________________; DEPTH___________ LOCATION (START UP): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________;.DEPTH__________ LOCATION (ONBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ TIME: IN______AT DEPTH_______START UP_______SURFACE_______.DURATION OF TRAWL________; SHIP SPEED__________; WEATHER__________________; SEA STATE__________________; AIR TEMP______________ SURFACE TEMP__________; PHYS. OCE. NOTES______________________; NOTES_______________________________ INVERTEBRATES Phylum Porifera Order Pennatulacea (sea pens) Class Calcarea __________________________________ Family Stachyptilidae Class Demospongiae (Vase sponge) _________________ Stachyptilum superbum_____________________ Class Hexactinellida (Hyalospongia- glass sponge) Suborder Subsessiliflorae Subclass Hexasterophora Family Pennatulidae Order Hexactinosida Ptilosarcus gurneyi________________________ Family Aphrocallistidae Family Virgulariidae Aphrocallistes vastus ______________________ Acanthoptilum sp. ________________________ Other__________________________________________ Stylatula elongata_________________________ Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata) Virgularia sp.____________________________ Other_______________________________________